CHAPTER 1 : RESPIRATION 1.

1 Analysing The Human Breathing Mechanism

Date:

1. In chapter 5, form 1 Science, RESPIRATION is explained as a process where our body obtains _________________. During respiration, the food in the form of _______________ is oxidised by _______________ and produces _______________, ______________(gas and ________________(li!uid .
Chemical equation of respiration: ____________________ + _____________________ ______________________ + ______________________ +______________________

"he food is obtained through the _______________ system while the oxygen is obtained through the human respiratory system. 2. "he figure below shows the structure of the human respiratory system. a!el the "arts c#rrectly.

g. a. b. c. e. d. h. i.
#. I$enti%y the structures that relate to the statements gi$en below%& a b c d e f g ' sheet of muscle (rotects the lungs and the heart ' single tube with rings of cartilage to pre$ent from collapsing )ery small tubes inside the lungs * tubes that leads to the right and left lung +uscles between ribs "he organ that allows air to enter the human blood

f.

#. 'ir tra$els from outside into the body. ,ist the parts it passes through in the correct order. -ose (nostrils ________________ ________________ ________________

_________________

a________________

.. /ow does your nose help to clean the air that you breathe in0 ________________________________________________________________________ 5. 1ill in the blan2s with the words gi$en below. rib-cage move flattens air pressure intercostal muscles air breathing trachea volume bronchus thorax blood capillaries

a. "he lungs are in the _________________, and are protected by the ______________ . b. 3y contracting or relaxing the ________________________ between the ribs, the rib&cage is able to _________________. c. 4hen the muscles of the diaphragm contract or relax, the sheet of muscle either ________________ or cur$es upwards. d. "he action of these two structures would change the ________________ of the thoracic ca$ity resulting in a change of ___________________ in the lungs compared to the atmosphere. e. "he difference in the air pressure in the lungs and the atmosphere get ___________ into and out of the lungs. "his mo$ement of air is called __________________. f. 1rom the nostrils, air goes into the nasal ca$ity, ____________ and into the _______________ and then into the bronchioles. "he breathing tubes end at the al$eoli, which are surrounded by a networ2 of __________________.

5. "he breathing mechanism in$ol$es breathing in or ________________ whereby air enters the lungs and breathing out or ___________________ when air is forced out of the lungs. State whether the following statements are about exhalation &E' or inhalation &I'. Intercostal muscles c#ntract 6ibcage mo$es downwards and inward Diaphragm muscles c#ntract Diaphragm flattens )olume of thoracic ca$ity increases 'ir pressure in thoracic ca$ity increases 'ir rushes int# the lungs Intercostal muscles rela( 6ibcage mo$es upwards and forward Diaphragm muscles rela( Diaphragm cur$es upwards )olume of thoracic ca$ity $ecreases 'ir pressure in thoracic ca$ity $ecreases 'ir is forced #ut of the lungs

7. 8hoose the statements in no. 5 related to inhalati#n and complete the flow chart below.

Intercostal muscles ::::::::::: ib!cage ::::::::::::::.

Diaphragm muscles ::::::::::: Diaphragm :::::::::::::

Volume of thoracic cavity ..

ir pressure in lungs

(hase of breathing% +,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,+

9. ' model of the human respiratory system is prepared as shown in the figure on the left and a diagram of the human respiratory system on the right. i. )ra* lines from the model to the parts represented in the human respiratory system.

!odel ii. Record what happens when

Action Observation (on balloon) Effect on space inside bell jar

human respiratory system

Effect on air pressure inside bell jar

exhaling @ inhaling

The rubber sheet is pulled downwards

The rubber sheet is pushed upwards