PROBLEMS RELATED TO GESTATION WEIGHT

VARIATION IN SIZE AND GESTATIONAL AGE

New-borns may be classified based on their

size or gestational age. When using size, the newborn's weight , length, and head circumference are considered. Size classification include : Small for Gestational Age Large for Gestational Age

SMALL FOR GESTATIONAL AGE

Which is a new-born whose weight , length, and

head circumference falls below the 10 percentage

for gestational age. Which the infant who has not achieved his genetic growth potential.

WEIGHT
-Less than 2,500 grams

LENGTH
-under 45.7 cm or 18 in.

HEAD CIRCUMFERENCE
- under 33 cm or 13 in.

PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTIC AT BIRTH

Reduced subcutaneous fat Loose dry skin

Sunken abdomen
Sparse hair growth Wide skull sutures

Decreased muscle mass

Less than normal chest and head circumference

TYPES
Symmetric: Weight, head circumference and length all below the 10th percentile. Brain growth may be limited. Asymmetric: Weight below the 10th percentile but head circumference and length relatively preserved. Brain growth relatively spared.

RISK FACTORS
Maternal age 17 years or 35 years Weight before pregnancy 50 kg or 75 kg Smoking Excessive consumption of alcohol Drug/substance abuse Previous low birth weight baby Anaemia in pregnancy Chronic hypertensive disease Maternal polycystic ovarian syndrome Antepartum haemorrhage Multiple pregnancy Congenital fatal defects Intrauterine infection

CONDITIONS THAT SGA INFANTS ARE HIGHRISK OF DEVELOPING

Perinatal morbidity Adverse effects in adulthood Stillbirth Disruption of parent infant bonding IUGR

COMPLICATIONS
Spontaneous preterm delivery Respiratory distress syndrome Cyanotic attack Jaundice Hypoglycemia Hypocalcemia Hypothermia Increased risk to infection Meconium aspiration

NURSING CARE PLAN

Assessment Diagnosis Planning Implementation Evaluation