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Ji E EMV, {iE, i, ]{ +n x +xSi vx E |M i x
VM* < |E {I EI +x {Il SS Ex, =E =k{iE xE Ex +l
+{x =k{iE +x {Il E xE Ex, E +x {Il =k{iE nx,
{I x x +l E |E +x {Il E E |x E =k ix +l E
+x {Il E |x E =k |{i Ex E E< | Ex E EMV { |x {j E
xE Ex +xSi vx E |M E +xiMi x VM* {I x +xSi vx E
|M Ex { {Il u n M< {I E xi E V EM, = {I xEi E V
EM il l = +M B +v E V +M =Si Z +M E {I+,
+x +M E {I B IiE Si E Vx E nhb n V EM*
{S - |x {j xvi Ei n E {Il E |x{j vi E |E E Ei i = Ji { ExpvI
E v +M {I xjE E {I il 15 nx E +xn V] {] V EM*
{I il E 15 nx E i +M E |{i Ei { S E VM* <E
{Si |{i +nx E xir E VBM*
U: - =k ] E ]x {I E ={xi =k{iE EI E IE E {M* {Il u E li =k{iE
{I EI Vx +l {I E ={i = { x n Vx EnSh x VM +
=E = = i nbi E VM, V i +xSi vx E |M nbi E Vx E
|vx *
i - =k{iE { +xGE +Ex +x {i 1.
=k{iE { xi lx { {Il +{x x + +xGE n B +E +Ei
E il {I E Eb * l |x {j ] + +ii vx B ]
E M E E E*
2.
=k{iE { E< nM/Sx x Mx {B, < i E iEi i*
+` - |x{j { +Ex {Il |x{j { +xGE J il E |x{j n M {` { E <E +iH
|x{j { EU Jx, |x{j E xE Ex =E |i xx xr E +xSi vx
|M E x nhbx *
x - ={li {jE |iE |x{j E {I EI IE E I {Il il i +{x iI E*
iI xx E iI E +x{ * iI E xS +{x x J*
n - JE (+) E o]vi +nE E |E {I 20 x] B J {I 30 x] +iH
n VM*
() B {Il VxE nx l x +{x nB B l E ={M x E Ei =x E
E JE E v n VM, E |E E i x n VM* E JE E
IhE Mi <E +l Ehb +vE x x SB* JE E l
+nE E Ex M* JE i +xi ExpvI u |nx E VM* < i
+nE ExpvI {{i { {E E* ExpvI u +xi n V EM*
x] - EM +nE E .B.+. (J l +vE) bE b Vx E
|h {j |ii Ex M* |] bC] E |h{j x x M* +x x li M*
M - v 1. E <VxM E E |x{j E< S] ] (< S] ] ]
i) {I EI Vx E +xi x *
2. {Il E E |x{j O {{ xC/]x ={v x E VM +
{Il O {{ xC/]x {I x x M*
3. {Il E +{x l bV] b, S, EC], x, {V il +x electronic
gadgets x x *
- {Il =k{iE B |x{j { n M< i SxB xn B +xn vx{E {g
=xE {x E* iEi < =kni E x E*
i - +xx xi 1.
{I EI v{x Ex +l +] +xM, i{ Ex {hi: xr nhbx *
2.
{I { B x E +xn IE ExpvI u n Vx xn E {x
+x *
3.
{I x E xS +l Exp { E M< +x l E E |E E Ii x {S<
Vx SB* nhbx *
4.
n {Il ExpvI u xn E {x x Ei +l +] =nnxb +Sh Ei
+l +xSi +x +x Ei i {I xEi E
V EM* =E {I xi E V EM il B +x nhb E M M, V
+M =Si Z* ExpvI E xn n M E B {Il E x M{x fM
+M E Si E VB* {I Exp { {Il ExpvI E {h |E xjh
M*
Sn - {Il E BE +]i {I l {I Exp |E v E +x l +Ei,
l +M u {ix E V EM* {ix {I E nx E V EM*
V-21105/+-20197/2012
S
( +M {` {)
{VMi x { +xnx
={Eh B x i {VMi Mi E 50 |ii E iE < <hb +<]+< E B
+ 20 |ii E iE x +<]+< E B +xnx 3 Ei n VBM* { Ei
x E {l {h x {, ui Ei x xx { + ii Ei +<]+< x B
ix ]b Bx] ri |{i Ex { M* < <hb +<]+< E B +xnx E +vEi
(|l {` E )
+M .....
=xx i V <C]xE {] E E {E i { E V * < +v E l
Vc VM*
`E i M E ZJhb, CE, ], +w|n +n +xE V +v x E
V +xE |M *
`E +{ J S {Si B Oh E i +h , |J S =tM |z
E n, |J S k +V xl, |J S V i |i{ B +x +vE
={li l*
E .....
=xx E E {bi nx n ={v E Vx n 25 i E Exp E +i <
* Jn M * =xx EC] + E Exp E SE E E E |E E
iExE v +x { { iExE n {E E* =xx E E +x V x < Exx
E {x E * +xi] i { <E | * + E Exp E l
=nh xM* E i < xx E Vn *
+nE, SE v SS
M EC] {. x x i E E Exp E +i E { nx {S V iE 80
+nx |{i B l Vx 46 E xEh E n M* Jj x E Exp E SE
}] E Sx E VxE * x i E }] i +SU E E
* Vx E i J * <ix Vn x { +nE x E E
vxn n * Jj x BE +nE xx i E Vx +V x |h {j
M*
{ EC] +.E. Vx x i E { nx, +nx E xEh +* Mn
EC] Vx x Jj E < GiE +i E M E + v< n*
Jj x +nE +E l E v {UiU E* =xx i E BE nx +
|h {j M* E Exp E SE |iE x Jj E i E x }]
3 Ec { + x +<]+< E B BE Ec 60 J { M*
+xb EJhb E E Exp Ex E B E ={Eh E E 25 |ii
iE +xnx n VBM* < +xnx E +vEi f< J { M, V n Ei n
VBM* |l Ei Exp E ]{ V]x + ui Ei S b |Ih ={i Uj E
=kh x { n VBM*
Ih E E |i{i
x u |Vi 50 |ii ] E Ih E E |i{i +vEi 10 E B E
VBM* V x E E] E ] x {x E li xV BV ] x E B ij
M, {i =E Ih E E |i{i V x u x E VBM*
<E +iH < Vx l{i +<]+< B E E Exp E |IE E |Ih E
Mi E 50 |ii E |i{i xvi i { x u E VBM*
i | *
V{ { nx 23 14 +nx E xEh E M* vh < x {B S x
Vcx + x Eb xx E +nx E* {B x Vcx E n n Sh x
Eb xM* <n E U E Exp Si * { nx E ix +nx |{i B* E
Exp SE E x Jj E i E }] | x E l iV Mi E
Ei * E< iExE v E x x * =xx i E iO E v
E +nx x E x E=] E M * BE VM +nE x Jj
E i E U E + |h {j E Vi l M* Z+ BE 83 x
{x E +nx E* = iiE 500 { E {x Ei M<*
< + { J S +. {, |J S E |vx <E 52 E
+ E vi M E |J S ={li l*
Jj Ex .....
j{n x { V E V i E O i{ b
C] b C] E +]i Ex E xh *
11. 20
C] BB E
<x]E E
j{n x <{] <x]E (<hb) |.. E <n Sx |tME M E +]i O
cE E 10.461 C] 0.339 C] EC] M<b-<x E +x xvi
V E 25 |ii V | { nx E xh * 99 E V {
+]i E VM*
+x xh
j{n x E E ti M 300 M] ti G E Vx + E B O{ E{x
E V E E S ] Vx E xh *
{Uc M E +l E n =SS I +vx v x E +x, =SS I E
n V Vx +l E J 5 gE 10 Ex E xh M*
xnE, xM xx i E E {nhb E +x xx Sx E +iMi 15
iExE {n E Vx B n <xE {i E +xi n M<*
1.
2.
3.
S. Name of Service/Post
No.
Class of
service/Post
(1) (2)
(3)
1.
II
2.
II
3.
II
4.
5.
II
II
6.
II
7.
II
8.
Labour Officer
II
9.
District Registrar
II
II
II
II
II
II
II
II
II
II
II
Development
20. Superintendent (Institutions)
II
II
II
II
II
II
II
II
II
III
III
III
III
III
III
III
III
III
III
III
Present Provisions
As per M.P. Civil Services (Special Provision
for Appointment of Women) Rules, 1997,
Rule-4-there shall be age relaxation of 10 years
for women candidates for direct appointment in
all posts in the services under the state in addition
to the age limit prescribed in any service rules or
executive instruction.
(Notified wide Circular No. C-3-10/2012/3/One
Dated 30.08.2012 of General Administration
Department, Madhya Pradesh Government)
Women candidates working in Government
Service/Corporation/Board and Autonomous
institutions, shall also be entitled to get the benefit
of age relaxation for upto 10 years, but for all
such categories of working women candidates,
the maximum age limit shall be 45 years.
The above relaxation in maximum age limit shall
not apply to regular recruitment in Police Force.
(As per the guidance provided by letter No.
Name of
Sex
(1)
(2)
1.
State Police
Service (Deputy
Height
in cms
(3)
(4)
Commandant,
cms.
cms.
(5)
(6)
168
84
89
155
Chest
Chest
measurement measurement
not required
not required
Male
165
84
89
Female
155
Chest
Chest
Home Guards
3.
expanded
Male
Police)
District
Fully
Expansion
Female
Superintendent,
2.
Chest girth
Without
measurement measurement
District Excise
163
not required
not required
84
89
Officer
4.
Superintendent,
District Jail
Male
168
84
89
Female
155
Chest
Chest
measurement measurement
not required
5.
Excise
Sub-Inspector
Male
165
Female 152.4
not required
81
86
Chest
Chest
measurement measurement
not required
6.
Assistant Jailor
Male
165
Female
158
not required
84
Chest
Chest
measurement measurement
not required
7.
Transport
Sub-Inspector
165
not required
81
(Un-expanded)
General Studies
General Aptitude Test
2 hrs
2 hrs
200 Marks
200 Marks
General Studies
General Studies
General Hindi
Paper IV
3 hrs.
3 hrs.
3 hrs.
300 Marks
300 Marks
300 Marks
Paper V
Paper VI
Paper VII
(2) Interview Test - The interview test will carry 250 marks.
NoteQualifying marks for interview for unreserved candidates will
be at least 33% marks in each paper and candidates belonging
to Scheduled Caste/Scheduled Tribe/Other Backward Class
and Physically Handicapped categories, these minimum
qualifying marks would be 23%.
7. List of Optional Papers for Main Examination:
Code No.
Subject
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
Agriculture
Animal Husbandary and Veterinary Science
Zoology
Botany
Chemistry
Physics
Mathematics
Statistics
Civil Engineering
Electrical Engineering
Mechanical Engineering
Commerce & Accountancy
Economics
History
Geography
Geology
Political Science and International Relations
Public Administration
Sociology
Criminology and Forensic Science
Psychology
Philosophy
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
Law
Hindi Literature
English Literature
Sanskrit Literature
Urdu Literature
Anthropology
Military Science
Comprehension
Interpersonal skill including communication skill
Logical reasoning and analytical ability
Decision making and problem solving
General mental ability
Basic numeracy (numbers and their relations, order of
magnitude etc.-Class X level) Data interpretation (charts,
graphs, tables, data sufficiency etc.-Class X level)
7. Hindi Language Comprehension Skill (Class X level)
Note:- Question relating to Hindi Language Comprehension
skill of Class X level will be tested through passages from
Hindi language only without providing English Translation thereof
in the question paper.
APPENDIX-III
MAIN EXAMINATION
SYLLABI FOR COMPULSORY SUBJECTS
GENERAL STUDIES
PAPER I
1. History of Modern India and Indian culture
The History of Modern India will cover history of the Country
from about the middle of nineteenth century and would also
include questions on important personalities who shaped the
freedom movement and social reforms. The part relating to
Indian culture will cover all aspects of Indian culture from the
ancient to modern times.
2. Geography of India
In this part, questions will be on the physical, economic and
social geography of India.
3. Indian Polity
This part will include questions on the Constitution of India,
Political system, Indian Administrative system and related
matters.
4. Current National issues
This part is intended to test the Candidates awareness of
current national issues.
5. International Affairs & Institutions
This part will include questions on important events in world
affairs and on international institutions.
6. Indian Economy
In this part, questions will be on the planning and economic
development in India, economic & trade issues, Foreign Trade,
the role and functions of I.M.F., World bank, ADB, W.T.O. etc.
7. Developments in the field of Science & Technology,
Communication and Space
In this part, questions will test the candidates awareness of
the developments in the field of Science & Technology,
Communication and space and also basic ideas of computers.
8. India and the World
This part is intended to test candidates awareness of Indias
relationship with the world in various spheres, such as the
following :
Role of India in the context of world.
Foreign Affairs, External security and related matters, Nuclear
Policy.
9. Games & Sports
Questions will assess the awareness of candidates in respect
of games and sports at international and national level. It will
also have questions pertaining to different awards and
personalities in the context of India.
10. Indian Agriculture
Attempt will be made to assess the general awareness of
candidates in respect of crops, white revolution, green
revolution, agriculture production and their impact on
development of rural economy.
11. Scheduled Caste & Scheduled Tribe (Prevention of
Atrocities) 1989 and the Protection of Civil Rights Act, 1955
(No. 22 of 1955).
GENERAL STUDIES
PAPER II
PART - I
General Introduction of Madhya Pradesh
1. Geography
General Introduction of Madhya Pradesh, area, topography
and structure, physical and geographic areas and climate.
2. Natural Resources of Madhya Pradesh
Mineral Wealth.
Forest Wealth and Wild Life.
Agriculture and Live stock, Regional distribution of crops,
planned development of Agriculture, Green Revolution,
Development of Live stock.
Water Resources - Development of Irrigation and Irrigation
projects.
3. Human Resources
Population, Population Density, Urban and Rural population,
Literacy and Labours.
4. Energy Resources
Questions will attempt to assess the general awareness of
Spices
3. Chemical bonding
Ionic bond, percent ionic character from dipole moment and
electronegativity difference, characteristics of ionic
compounds, factors affecting stability of ionic compounds,
lattice energy, Born-Haber cycle; covalent bond and its general
characteristics, polarities of bonds in molecules and their dipole
moments. Valency bond theory, concept of resonance and
resonance energy. Molecular orbital theory (LCAO method);
bonding in homonuclear and heteronuclear molecules: H2+,
H2 to Ne2, NO, CO. The concept of hybridization, character of
bonds, bond angles and bond length. Hydrogen bonding and
van der Waals forces. Metallic bonding.
4. Solid State
Forms of solids, law of constancy of interfacial angles, crystal
systems and crystal classes (crystallographic groups).
Designation of crystal faces, lattice structures and unit cell.
Laws of rational indices. Braggs law. X-ray diffraction by
crystals. Close packing, radious ratio rules, calculation of some
limiting radius ratio values. Structures of NaCl, CsCl, and KCl.
crystal Imperfections in crystals. Elementary study of liquid
crystals.
5. Thermodynamics
Thermodynamic systems, states and processes, work, heat
and internal energy; first law of thermodynamics, work done
on the systems and heat absorbed in different types of
processes; calorimetry, energy and enthalpy changes in
various processes and their temperature dependence.
Second law of thermodynamics; entropy as a state function,
entropy changes in various process, entropyreversibility and
irreversibility, Free energy functions; criteria for equilibrium,
relation between equilibrium constant and thermodynamic
quantities; Nernst heat theorem and third law of
thermodynamics.
Thermodynamics derivations of Gibbs-Helmholtz equation,
law of mass action and
Clapeyron-Clausius equations.
6. Electrochemistry
Conductivity and its applications to determine Dissociation constant of weak electrolyte
Solubility product of sparingly soluble salts
Conductrometric titration.
Debye-Huckel theory of strong electrolytes.
Galvanic cells, concentration cells; electrochemical series,
measure-ment of e.m.f. of cells, fuel cells and batteries.
Processes at electrodes; double layer at the interface of metal
and solvent; rate of charge transfer, current density;
overpotential.
7. Chemical kinetics
Concentration dependence of rate of reaction; defferential and
integral rate equations for zeroth, first, and second order of
reactions. Effect of temperature and pressure on rate constant.
Collisions and transition state theories.
8. Photochemistry
Absorption of light; decay of excited state by different routes;
photochemical reactions between hydrogen and halogens and
their quantum yields.
9. Surface phenomena and catalysis
Absorption from gases and solutions on solid adsorbents,
Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption isotherm; determination
of surface area, characteristics and mechanism of reaction
on heterogeneous catalysts.
10. Bio-inorganic chemistry
Essential and trace elements in biological processes,
metalloporphyrins with special reference to haemoglobin and
myoglobin. nitrogen fixation, oxygen-uptake proteins,
cytochromes and ferredoxins. Biological role of alkali and
alkaline earth metal ions.
11. Coordination chemistry
(1) Introduction to bonding theories in transition metal
complexes: Valency bond theory, crystal field theory,
Ligand field theory and molecular orbital theory.
(2) Magnetic properties of transition metal complexes:
Magnetic moment (spin only and with L-S coupling), orbital
contribution to magnetic moment.
(3) Electronic spectra of transition metal complexes:
Spectroscopic ground and excited states, types of
electronic transitions, selection rules for d-d transitions.
Spectrochemical series. Orgel-energy level diagram for
d1 to d9 states.
(4) Isomerism in coordination compounds. IUPAC
nomenclature
of
coordination
compounds;
stereochemistry of complexes with 4, 5 and 6 coordination
numbers; chelate effect and polynuclear complexes; trans
effect and its theories; thermodynamic and kinetic stability
of complexes.
(5) Organometallic chemistry: Synthesis, structure and
bonding in metal carbonyl complexes, metal olefin
complexes and metal alkyne complexes. Oxidative
addition reactions.
12. General chemistry of inner transition elements
7. Boolean Algebra
Lattices and Algebraic structure. Duality Distributive and
complementary lattice. Boolean lattices and Boolean algebras.
Boolean functions & expressions. Propositional calculus.
Design and implementation of Digital networks, switching
circuits. graph, Paths & circuits, shortest paths - Eulerian
paths & circuits. Application of graph for bridge problem, utility
problem.
8. Mechanics
Statics - Analytical conditions of Equilibrium of coplanar forces.
virtual works, catenary. Forces in three dimensions Poinsots
Central axis. Stable & unstable equilibrium.
Dynamics - Velocities & acceleration along radial & transverse
directions and along tangential and normal direction. Simple.
Harmonic motions - Elastic strings.
Motion on smooth & rough plane curves. Motion in a resisting
medium. Motion of a particle of varying mass.
STATISTICS (CODE No. 08)
normal distributions.
Related confidence intervals. Testing for the significance of
sample correlation coefficient in sampling from bivariate normal
distribution and for the equality of means and equality of
variances in sampling from bivariate normal distribution. Large
sample tests. Use of central limit theorem for testing and its
applications to interval estimation of a single mean, a single
proportion, difference of two means and two proportions.
Fishers Z-transformation and its uses. Pearsons chi-square
test for goodness of fit. Contingency table and test of
independence in a contingency table. Definition of order
statistics and their distributions (Without derivations), Nonparametric tests; Sign test for univariate and bivariate
distributions, Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test, Run test, Median
test, and Spearmans rank correlation coefficient test.
STATISTICS (CODE No. 08)
PAPER I
1. Sample Surveys
Sample Surveys. Concepts of population and sample, need
for sampling. Census and sample survey, basic concepts in
sampling, organizational aspects of survey sampling, sample
selection and sample size. Some basic sampling methodssimple random samplig (SRS) with and without replacement.
Stratified random sampling. systematic sampling, ratio and
regression methods of estimation under SRS. Non sampling
errors, acquaintance with the working (questionnaires,
sampling design, methods followed in field investigation,
principal findings etc.) of NSSO, and other agencies undertaking
sample surveys.
2. Design of Experiments
Analysis of variance for one way and two-way classifications
( with one observation per cell ) . Need for design of experiments,
fundamental principles of design, basic designs C.R.D.,
R.B.D., L.S.D. and their analysis. Factorial designs 2n ( n < 4)
designs, illustrations, main effects and interaction effects and
confounding in 23 design.
PART - II
PART - I
1. Descriptive Statistics
Types of data - Concepts of a Statistical population and sample
from a population ; qualitative and quantitative data ; nominal
and ordinal data ; cross sectional and time series data; discrete
and continuous data; frequency and non-frequency data.
different types of scales nominal, ordinal , ratio and interval.
Collection and Scrutiny of data ; Primary data designing a
questionnaire and a schedule; checking their consistency.
Secondary data its major sources including some
government publications. Complete enumeration, controlled
experiments, observational studies and sample survery.
Scrutiny of data for internal consistency and detection of errors
of recording. Ideas of cross-validation. Presentation of Data;
construction of tables with one or more factors of classification.
Diagrammatic and graphical representation of grouped data.
Frequency distributions, cumulative frequency distributions
and their graphical representation, histogram, frequency
polygon and ogives. Stem and leaf chart. Box plot. Analysis of
Quantitative Data; Univariate data- Concepts of central
tendency, dispersion and relative dispersion, skewness and
kurtosis and their measures Sheppards corrections for
moments for grouped data (without derivations). Bivariate Data;
Scatter diagram. Product moment correlation coefficient and
its properties. coefficient of determination. Correlation ratio.
Concepts of error in regression. Principle of least squares.
Fitting of linear regression and related results. fitting of curves
reducible to polynomials by transformation. Rank correlation Spearmans and Kendalls measures. Multivariate data; Multiple
regression, multiple correlation and partial correlation in three
variables, their measures and related results. Analysis of
Categorical Data; Consistency of categorical data.
Independence and association of attributes. Various measures
of association for two-way and three-way classified data.
2. Probability Theory
Important Concepts in Probability - Definition of probability
classical and relative frequency approach to probability, Richard
von Mises, Cramer and Kolmogorovs approaches to
probability, merits and demerits of these approaches . Random
Experiment : Trial, sample point and sample space, definition
of an event, operation of events, mutually exclusive and
exhaustive events. Discrete sample space, properties of
probability based on axiomatic approach, conditional probability,
independence of events, Bayes theorem and its applications.
Random Variables; Definition of discrete random variables,
probability mass function, idea of continuous random variable
and its properties moments, measures of location, dispersion,
skewness and kurtosis, moment generating function, their
properties and uses. Standard univariate discrete distributions
and their properties : Discrete Uniform, Binomial, Poisson,
Hypergeometric, Negative Binomial and Geometric
distributions. Continuous univariate distributions- Uniform,
normal, Cauchy, Laplace, Exponential, Chi-square, Gamma
and Beta distributions. Bivariate normal distribution (including
marginal and conditional distributions) Chebyshevs inequality
and applications, Statements and applications of weak law of
large numbers and central limit theorems (Lindeberg Leby,
Liaponouv and De-Moivers).
PART - II
1. Statistical Methods
Sampling from a distribution; Definition of a random sample,
simulating random sample from standard distributions (Uniform,
Exponential & Normal). Concept of derived distribtutions of
functions of random variables. Concept of a statistic and its
sampling distribution. Point estimate of a parameter, Concept
of bias and standard error of an estimate, Standard errors of
sample mean and sample proportion, Sampling distributions
of sum of binomial and Poisson distributions. Sampling
distribution of mean of normal distribution.
Independence of sample mean and variance in random
sampling from a normal distribution (without derivation),
Statistical Tests and interval Estimation; Null and alternative
hypotheses, Types of errors, p-values. Statement of chisquare, t, and F statistics. Testing for the mean and variance
of univariate normal distribution, testing of equality of two
means and testing of equality of two variances of two univariate
PAPER - II
PART - I
8.
2.
3.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
1.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
3. Sedimentology
Process of formation of sedimentary rocks. Diagenesis and
lithification. Textures and structures and their significance.
Classification of sedimentary rocks, clastic and non clastic
rocks. Heavy minerals and their significance. Concept of
sedimentary facies. Petrography of conglomerates, breccia,
sandstone, limestone, shale.
4. Economic Geology
Ore, Ore minerals and gangue, tenor of ore, classification of
ore deposits. Process of formation of mineral deposits.
Description of metallic and non metallic mineral deposits of
India with reference to their mode of occurrence, mineralogical
characters, geographic distribution and economic uses : Iron,
Manganese, Chromium, Copper, Lead - Zinc, Aluminum, Gold,
Uranium, Thorinium, Mica, Magnesite, Talc, Baryte, Asbestos,
Kyanite, Diamond, Corundum, Beryl, Fluorite, Apatite, Gypsum,
Non Metals related to refractory, fertilizer, cement, gemstone
industry and important building stones. Deposits of coal, oil
and natural gas in India. Marine minerals resources. Principles
of mineral economics, strategic, critical and essential minerals.
Existing national mineral policy.
5. Hydrogeology, Engineering Geology and Mining
Geology
Hydrologic cycle, occurrence of ground water and hydrological
properties of rocks. Groundwater provinces of India. Concept
of Watershed management. Quality of groundwater.
Geological conditions for construction of Dams and tunnels.
Environmental considerations in the location and construction
of large dams, reservoirs and tunnels.
Mineral exploration: Surface and sub-surface exploration
methods. Elementary idea about Gravity, Electrical, Magnetic,
Airborne and seismic methods of exploration. Elementary idea
about mining, beneficiation and conservation.
POLITICAL SCIENCE AND INTERNATIONAL
RELATIONS (CODE No. 17)
PAPER I
PART - I
Political Theory
1. Indian Political Thinkers
Manu, Kautilya, MN Roy, Gokhle, Tilak, Gandhi, Nehru,
Ambedkar and Periyar.
2. Western Political Thinkers
Plato, Aristotle, Machiavelli, Hobbes, Locke, Roussean, JS
Mill, Green, Hegel, Marx and Lenin.
3. Approaches to the Study of Political Theory
Historical, Normative and Empirical.
4. Political Ideologies
Liberalism, Socialism, Marxism, Fascism Anarchism and
Gandhyism.
5. Concepts
Sovereignty (Monistic and Pluralise) Liberty, Justice, Equality,
Power, Legitimacy, Authority and Political Obligation.
6. Democracy
Theories of Democracy (Classical, Elitist and Contemporary).
7. Behavioural Movement
Behaviouralism and Post Behaviouralism, Decline of Ideology
Debate.
8. Developmentalism
Concept of Political Development, Approaches to Political
Development (Gabriel Almond, David Apter, Lucian W. Pye,
and Samuel P. Huntington).
9. Modern Concepts
Systems theory, Structural-Functionalism, Political Culture,
Political Socialization and Political Modernization.
10. Contemporary Theories
Post modernism, Feminism (Liberal, Marxist, Radical),
Environmentalism.
PART - II
PART - I
Administrative Theory
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
5.
5.
PAPER II
1. Ideological bases
Traditional Hindu Social organization Dharma, Ashrama, Karma,
Purshartha, Socio-cultural dynamics through the ages - impact
of Buddhism, Islam and the west, Factors of unity and change.
2. Caste system
Origin of caste system, Culture and structural views, Change
and persistence of caste in modern India, Issues of equality
and social justice, Emergence of Dalit consciousness.
3. Class structure
Agrarian and industrial class structure, Emergence of middle
class, Elite formation in India.
4. Marriage, family and kinship
Marriage among different ethnic groups, Family structural and
functional aspect, changing forms, regional variations in kinship
system, impact of legislations and socio-economic change on
marriage and family, Generation gap.
5. Agrarian social structure
Peasant society and agrarian systems, Social consequences
of land reforms and Green Revolution, Emerging Agrarian class
structure, Agrarian unrest.
6. Rural-urban social structure
Features and characteristics of rural and urban social structure
Urbanism and urbanization, Slums, Environmental Problems,
Poverty and indebtness, Urban planning and development.
7. Tribal society
Meaning and characteristics of tribe and scheduled tribe,
Contitutional provisions to determine scheduled tribe, Tribal
economy, means of livelihood, Tribal movement and
development, Bhil, Gonda, Korku.
8. Industry and society
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
John Dryden
Alexander Pope
William Wordsworth
9.
S.T. Coleridge
ENGLISH LITERATURE
Mac Flecknoe
Rape of the Lock.
The Solitary Reaper
Tintern Abbey.
Rime of the Ancient
Mariner
To A Skylark
Ode to the West Wind
Pride and Prejudice
A Bachelors Complaint
Old China, Dream
Children.
(CODE No. 25)
PAPER - II
Victorian to Modern Era
The Second paper incorporates various literary trends ranging
from the Victorian to the modern era. The candidates are
expected to possess first hand knowledge of representative
British, American and Indian Writing in English.
1. Tennyson
- Ulysses, Crossing
the Bar
2. Robert Browning
- My Last Duchess,
Prospice
3. Matthew Arnold
- Dover Beach
4. Charles Dickens
- David Copperfield
5. Thomas Hardy
- Mayor of
Casterbridge
6. D.G. Rossetti
- Blossom
7. George Bernard Shaw
- Candida, Joan of
Arc
8. Eugene ONeill
- Mourning Becomes
Electra
9. Mulk Raj Anand
- Coolie
10. A.K. Ramanujan
- A River
11. Girish Karnad
- Hayavadana
12. Ernest Hemingway
- A Farewell to Arms
13. Robert Frost
- Mending Wall
Road Not Taken,
14. T.S. Eliot
- Love Song of Alfred
J. Prufrock
SANSKRIT LITERATURE (CODE No. 26)
PAPER - I
DRAMA, PROSE AND COMPOSITION
1. Abhijnana - Shakuntalam of Kalidasa.
2. Svapnavasavadattam of Bhasa.
3. Shukanasopadesha from Banas Kadambari.
4. Translation in Sanskrit.
5. Composition - an essay in Sanskrit.
Questions will be based on detailed textual study of units
(i) and (ii).
SANSKRIT LITERATURE (CODE No. 26)
PAPER- II
KAVYA, HISTORY OF SANSKRIT LITERATURE AND
VYAKARANA
1. Kiratarjuniyam of Bharavi,
2. Nalopakhyanam from Mahabharata,
3. History of Sanskrit Literature.
(1) General study of the following Kavyas:
Ramayana, Mahabharata, Shrimad - Bhagawata,
Buddhacharita, Saundarananda, Raghuvansha,
Kumarasambhava, Meghaduta, Ritusamhara,
Bhattikavya, Hayagrivavadha, Janakiharana,
Kiratarjuniya, Shishupalavadha, Naishadhacharita,
Shrikanthacharita, Nalachampu, Rajatarangini,
Vikramankadevacharita, and Nitishatak of Bhartrihari.
(2) General study of the dramas of the following authors:
Bhasa, Ashvaghosha, Kalidasa, Shudraka,
Vishakhdatta, Bhavabhuti, Harsha, Bhattanarayana,
Murari, Rajashekhara, Shrikrishna Mishra,
Jayadeva.
(3) General Study of the works of the following prose
writers :
Bana, Dandi, Subandhu, Vadibhasimha, Dhanapala,
Soddhala.
4. Vyakarana
(1)
(2)
(3)
(1)
Sandhi,
Samasa,
Karaka
5.
Kridanta Pratyaya Tumun, Tavyat, Aniyar, Yat, Shatri, Shanach, Kta,
Ktavatu, Namul, Lyut.
(2) Taddita Pratyaya An, in, Matvarthiya, Shyan, Tva, Imanich.
(3) Alankara Upama, Utpreksha, Rupaka, Arthantaranyasa,
Svabhavokti, Kavyalinga, Atishayokti, Vibhavana,
Visheshokti, Apahnuti, Drishtanta, Nidarshana,
Anuprasa, Yamaka.
Questions will be based on detailed textual study of unit
(i) and (ii)
URDU LITERATURE (CODE No. 27)
PAPER - I
Urdu Zaban ki mukhtasar tarikh/Asnaf-e-Nasr aur Ahm
nasr nigar.
1. Urdu ki paidaish ke bare m-e-n mukhtalif nazariyat aur uska
irtiqua aur Urdu ke qadeem nam (Hindi/Hindvi/Rekhta/Urdue-mualla wagherah.
(Various theories about the origin of urdu language and its
development, as well as its original name (Hindi-Hindvi/Rekhta/
Urdu-e mualla etc.)
2. Yadgare ghalib
(Mukhtasar Edition) Az Hali, Muratteba Daya narain - Nigam )
(Yadare Ghalib (Abridged edition) by Hali, Edited by Daya
Narain Nigam
3. Urdu Afsana aur Drama (Urdu short stories & Drama)
(1) Darjzel afsane aur afsana nigar
(a) Kafan - PremChand
(b) Mahalaxmi ka pul - Krishna Chandra
(c) Lajwanti - Rajendra Singh Bedi
(d) Do Shala - Gilani Bano
(2) (1) Drama - Dr. Tamkin ki uljhan - Ibrahim Yusuf.
(2) Drama - Anarkali - Imtiyaz Ali Taj
4. Darj zel inshaiy-e Aur inshaiya nigar
(1) Insan kisi hal m-en khush nahin rehta - Md. Husain
Azad.
(2) Mirza Zahirdar Baig - Nazeer Ahmed
(3) Chirya Chire ki kahani - Abul kalam Azad
(4) Tassub - Sirsyed Ahmed Khan
(5) Shahzade ka bazar m-en ghisatna - Khwaja Hasan
Nizami
5. Ghalib ke khutoot
(1) Banaam Alauddin khan Alai (Suno Alam Dohain)
(2) Banam meer mehdi majrooh (mardalayar terijawab
talabi n-e)
(3) Banam Har Gopal - Tuftah (Bhai Mujh men aurtum
m-em nama nigari kahe - ko hai)
Study of Ghalib as a writer of letters in the light of the
above khutoot (letters)
URDU LITERATURE (CODE No. 27)
PAPER - II
Urdu Shairi ki Aham Asnaf Aur Shairon ka tanquidi Mutalea,
aur Unki Chand takhleequat
1. Urdu men ghazal Aur Uski Maqbooliyat ke Asbab. (Ghazal
in Urdu and the reason of its popularity)
2. Darjzel Ghazlgo Shairon ki Ghazlen Aur Shairon ka Mutalea.
(1) Wali (a) yad karna har ghadi Usyar Ka.
(2) Meer taqui Meer (a) Munh taka hi karehe jistis ka
(b) Ulti hogain Sab tadbiren kuchch na dawa ne
kam kiya
(c) Hamare age tira jab kasune naam liya
(3) Ghalib
(a) Yeh na thi hamari quismat ke wisaale yar hota.
(b) Phir mujhe didae tar yad aya.
(4) Momin
(a) Gheron pe khul na jai kahin raz dekhna.
(b) Asar usko zara nahin hota
(5) Hasrat Mohani - Husne Beparwa ko khudbino khud
ara kardiya.
(6) Firaq Gorakhpuri - Nigahe naz ne parde uthai hain
kya kya.
3. Qaseeda-Aur-Marsiya ka tanqueedi Mutalea Aur us
ke Shairon par Sawalat.
(1) Sauda
(2) Zauq
(3) Anis
(4) Dabeer,
4. Masnaviyat Aur darjzel Masnavi Nigaron ka tanquidi Mutalea.
(1) Sahrul Bayan - Meer Hasan
(2) Gulzare Naseem - Daya Shankar Naseem
5. Urdu m-en nazm aur darj zel nazmo-n aur unk-e Shairon ka
khusoosi Mutalea.
(1) Nazeer akbar abadi
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4.
5.
6.
7.
PART - III
1.
2.
3.
4.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
PART - II
Theory and Practice of War
1.
2.
3.
Modern
4.
5.
6.
PART - I
1.
2.
3.
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x x , E]x-]x +l M x E
li +M =kn x M*
BE E BE +nx {j Ei E
VM*
B |iE +nx {j, V +M E i
JcE (E=x]) { bE |{i + +Ei
E VM + +nx {j E |{i E |iE E {
=n E +nx {Vx GE V E VM*
< il E, E =n E +nx {Vx GE
V E n M , +l x M VM E
+nx {j o] {h + +M u E
E M * +nx {j E |{i x E
v E< {j +nx E x E
VM* {I | i =n E {ji +x
i E +M E xS +i M*
+M E { +vE Ii E +nx {j
n M +vx E o] JE =n E
{I Exp +]i E x E* +M E
+E B vxE x E +nE u M M
{I Exp = +]i E* {I Exp E Ii
B |xE v E vx Ji B +M u
{I Exp +]i EB VBM* Exp nx +nx
{j +x E< |] nx E B E< +nx
O x E VM*
n E< =n =E +nx {j n M {i
z E {i { +M E< Sx |{i Ex Si
i {i {ix E Sx i E {i J
{{i bE ]E] M 11.5 .. Mh 27.5 ..
+E E n Vn Vn +M E V, V
+nE +{x {Vx x B {I E x +
+Ei E* t{ +M B {ix { vx nx E
E | Ei Exi < E< Vn
x Ei*
+M, |E {I E v +E S |nx x
EM CE E Uxx (GxM) {I i *
21.
22.
23.
{] - BE
{I Vx
1.
H |iMi {I n GE Sh (1) J {I i =n E Sx E V
|E {I (ix` |x); +
(2) + il {n E z |M E =n
E Sx i V J {I (Ji il
IiE)*
2.
|E {I ix` |E (E{ |x) E n
|x-{j M* |iE |x {j E Sx xxJi
Vxx E VM|l |x-{j x +vx
2 P] 200 +E
ui |x-{j x +S {Ih 2 P] 200 +E
3. {I E Uxx {Ih E { Vi * <
{I |{i +E E +v { +nE E J {I
i M/+ Pi E Vi * +i SxS
E J {I il IiE |{i +E E +v
{ xi E VM*
4.
(1)
nx |x {j ix` |E (E{ |x)
E M* |iE |x E S =k
M Vx +, , + n Ei E
VM, Vx E BE =k M*
=n +{I E Vi E =k {iE
=E u xhi x M +, , n
E BE =k { Sx MB*
(2)
|iE |x {j 2-2 +E E 100 |x M*
|iE |x {j 200 +E E M il |iE
|x {j E v 2 P] M*
(3)
|E {I i x +vx il x
+S {Ih E ii {`G {]-n
l xn] *
(4)
|iE |x {j xn il +OV M*
5.
J {I | {x =n E J Y{x
ni E M< il {n E z |M Vx
E H E J MM 15 Mx M*
E =n, Vx +M x vi Y{x E
+vx |E {I + Pi E , J {I
| {x E {j M* J {I E {ji i
=n E |E {I E |iE |x {j xxi
40 |ii +E |{i Ex +E M* +xSi
Vi/+xSi VxVi/+x {Uc M B EM
h E =n i xxi +E +E 30 |ii
M*
6.
J {I Ji {I + IiE {I i
M*
(1) Ji {I - Ji {I {{Mi xv
E |x E i |x {j M, V xS nB
M (E) +x |x {j
|l |x {j x +vx
3 P]
300 +E
ui |x {j x +vx
3 P]
300 +E
ii |x {j x xn
3 P]
300 +E
(J) BSUE |x {j
Sil |x {j E< n (V 3 P] |iE |x {j
{S |x{j
{ 7 nB MB
E
] |x{j
BSUE E
300 +E
{i |x{j S ) Sx
VBM* |iE
E n |x-{j M*
(2) IiE {I - IiE {I E 250 +E M*
]{ - IiE +i i +xIi h E =n E
|iE |x {j E E 33 |ii +E |{i Ex
+E B +xSi Vi/+xSi VxVi/+x {Uc
M il EM =n i xxi +E +E 23 |ii
M*
7 . J {I E BSUE E S Eb J
01
E
02
{ {x il { SEi Yx
03
|h j
04
x{i j
05
x j
06
iE
07
Mhi
08
JE
09
<VxM
10
ti <VxM
11
jE <VxM
12
hV B Jj
13
+lj
14
<i
15
M
16
-Yx
17
Vxi j il +xi] v
18
E |x
19
V j
20
+{v j il xE Yx
21
xYx
22
nx j
23
v
24
xn i
25
+OV i
26
27
28
29
8.
9.
10.
Ei i
=n i
x Yx
x Yx
=n E xxJi BE l x E B
+xYi x E VBM*
(1) Vxi j + +xi] v il E
|x
(2) x Yx + V j
(3) Mhi + JE
(4) E il {{x B { SEi Yx
(5) <Vx +li <VxM, ti
<VxM il jE <VxM , BE
+vE x EM*
(6) xn i, +OV i, Ei i +
=n i BE +vE x
EM*
(1) |iE |x {j ix P] E +v E M*
(2) {I E B |x{j {{Mi xv E
M*
(3) (E) E |x{j E UcE, |x {j
xn + +OV M* <VxM E
|x {j E +OV M*
(J) =n E E |x {j E Uc E,
|x {j E xn +OV =k
Jx E E{ M*
(4) |iE |x {j |l |x +x M (V
20 P |x i M, |iE E =k BE
+l n {H nx M)* |iE |x 03
+E E M* <x |x E +vE M
{`G E M*
J {I E nx +x B BSUE E ii
{`G {]-ix n M *
{] - n
| E {I
{`G
|l |x {j : x +vx
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
x Yx B {h - x Yx B {h
({h {liE, V vi il {ix)
{ |x nxnx (V) +Ex B +x
vi |x V E Ii H u +{Ii
+ Vxx <x E +vx x E ,
i M*
] B +xi] i E ix P]xB - ix
P]x+ |J ] B +xi] i E Yx E
{Ih E VM*
i E <i B ij i - <i VE,
+lE B VxiE {+ vi x Yx E
|x M* ] +nx B ij i E E E
|x {U VM*
(E) i E M - iE, VE B +lE
M x Yx E |x M* < i E
B |EiE vx E M il i
VxEE B VxMhx xvi |x M*
(J) E x ME VxE*
i Vxi B +ll - < n E VxiE
l B vx, {Si V, VE l,
ii +lE E, Sx, VxiE n, VxB,
+tME E, n {, +lE B k l+
{ |x M*
JEn - v|n, i, B B J Vx
|J JEn B J |iMi+, {E, Hi
il |i`i J lx xvi |x M*
v|n E M, <i il Ei - v|n E
M {i E E xn, V, x{i,
VVxi, JxV, {x xvi |x M* v|n
E <i B Ei |r V E Mnx,
VxVi, E, l{i E, i E+ B
BiE H { |x M*
v|n E Vxi B +ll - < |n E
VxiE l, VxiE n B Sx, {SiV,
v|n E VE l, ii +lE E
vi |x M* < =tM, VxB, +lE EG,
{ , v|n E VxEE B VxMhx { |x
i M*
Sx B S |tME - < +Ih, |M +
n, V <], +x<x S <Vx, <-, b
, S]M, b Exx, EM, GEM, +
+{v xvi |x i M*
+xSi Vi B VxVi (+iS xh +vx)
1989 (1889 E 33) B +vE Ih +vx,
1955 (1955 E 22)
ui |x {j : x +S {Ih
1 . vMi
2 . S E i +i-HE E
3 . iEE E B hiE Ii
4 . xh x B vx
5 . x xE Mi
6 . +vi Jxx (J B =xE v, i G
+n- n EI E i), +Ec E xSx (S], O,
iE, +Ec E {{ii +n- n EI E i)
7 . xn vMi E (n EI E i)
]{{h- n EI E i E xn E vMi E
r |x E {Ih, |x {j E xn E
=rh E v , +OV +xn ={v E x
E VM*
10.
{] - ix
J {I
+x E {`G
x +vx
|x {j - |l
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
+vxE i E <i B i Ei
19 in E MM v +vxE i E <i
E Ev M , V i{h H Vxx iji
+xnx B VE v Mnx n { |x
M* i Ei vi + |Sx E
E +vxE iE i Ei E i +
M*
i E M
< i M E iE, +lE B VE
M vi |x M*
i Vxi
< i vx, VxiE l, i |xE
l vi |x M*
E ] nn
< E ] nn E |x M*
+i] P]xB B +i] lB
< E i{h P]x+ B +i] l+
vi |x M*
i +ll
< i VxB B +lE E, +ll,
{ , n { il k lB +<.B.B.
(I.M.F.) E ( World Bank), b . ] .+ .
(W.T.O.) B Bx E E (I.D.B.) E E
+ E vi |x M*
Yx B |tME, nS B +iI E Ij
E < Yx, B |tME, nS B +iI
il E{] v E S { |x M*
i +
< E n E l i E v E h B
n i, I vi il {h xi,
E {|I i E E vi |x M*
JEn
< +i] B ] i E JEn B z
{E il JEn vi i Hi E
|x M*
i E
i E B z {n, i Gi, i Gi,
E =i{nx il i Oh +ll { =xE
| vi |x M*
+xSi Vi B VxVi (+iS xh +vx)
1989 B +vE Ih +vx, 1955 (1955
E 22)
x +vx
|x {j - ui
Jb - +
v|n E x {S
1.
2.
M
v|n E x {S, Ij, { B Sx,
iE B ME Ij il V*
v|n E |EiE vx
1.
JxV {n
2.
x {n B x Vx
3.
E B {{x : E Ij ih,
E E Vxr E, i Gi, {vx
E E*
4.
V vx : S< E E B S<
{VxB*
3.
x vx
VxJ, VxJ Pxi, B Oh VxJ,
Ii B H*
4.
>V vx
< {{Mi B +{{Mi >V E vx il =xE
x Vx ={M vi |x M*
5.
=tM
< |n E =tM E |E B +E il =xE V
E +ll { | vi |x M*
6.
{h
{h B =xE Ih, |nh, |EiE +{n il
<xE x Vx E Mhk { x |
vi |x M*
7.
VxB B Ex
< {S Vx+ E + iE E z {+,
z EG V B Oh E E v
il +lE Vx+ E Ex il n E {|I
v|n E {Ii li vi |x M*
8.
v|n E |xE Sx
< v|n E z |xE <E< V M,
V, i B E Jhb E +{ v B
|xE Sx vi +l E Yx E {Ih
Ex M*
9.
Oh B |xE Sx
{Si V, xM {E B xM xM E Sx B
|xE fS vi x Yx E |x +l
{U VM*
10.
JEn
v JEn E M`x, |vx B v+
vi +l E VMEi E {Ih Ex M*
< v|n E VE {E, Hi B E
il +E M`x E Mnx vi |x M*
Jb -
v|n E Ei, i, Mi, xi, E B <i
1.
v|n E Ei
|Ei, |E B J-J i il x Vx {
=xE | vi |x M*
2.
i
1.
|Sx - En, i, i h^*
2.
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3.
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Sx, MVxx v Hv, Eh ,
"xx' x|n , E {<, n
V, V, b. M x il
xn n V{*
4.
E i - v|n E * < il
MV*
3.
Mi B xi {{
1.
Mi {{ - ixx, =in +=nx J,
=in V + J, {bi Ex, E
{bi, V {U, =in + J, E
Mv, V SGv, {bi EiE*
2.
xi {{ - E Mi E |J , |J
E xi*
4.
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x |k E |x k SjE, E SjE,
+vxE SjE E Px B |J SjE
M* < |J E E+ B +x z MS
vi |x M*
5.
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|J +xSi VxVi E x, +Ih, +v,
J B iV i il EiE Sx vi
x Yx E Ex E |x {U VM* <
.|. x E u +xSi VxVi E =ilx
vi EG { |x M*
6.
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+l iE +En B lx vi
x Yx E Ex E |x {U VM* Mi
il SjE E v Px vi il Ei
vi |x M* i, Mi B iE+
|J Mnx E x u n Vx z
{E vi |x M*
7.
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|J BiE, {iiE B {]x lx vi
x Yx E |x M*
8.
v|n E BiE {`
v|n E M`x, v|n E |J V B E
7.
EE E ii
V B {E ii E +h B lxih* {iVx
B V +lE* |E h B x* r h
B =E i* |E |n{i B x<Vx* r
xE, {{Ci B E]<-={i EE (V |{i,
hbh EE B {{Ci)*
8.
VE Ji
VE Ji E {, + B ]E= Ji <E
E V =E, =i{nx B ={M* x =i{nE
E Ih E* E I V E
E*
9.
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]E> E =i{nx i x E* x E E
n n B V |vx*
M - n
<E n BSUE Jhb (+ B ) M =n E BE
Sxi Jhb {U M |x E =k n
Jhb - +
xx iE n< M< J E =i{nx B Ih {
+vi M*
J
vx
: M, vx, CE B V
nx
: +, Sx, =cn B M
ix
: x, M B </
xMn
: E{ B Mz
Jhb -
xx iE n< M< =txE E =i{nx B
Ih { +vi M*
=txE
: +, xM, E B {{i
V
: +, {V, EqM, ]], hb
B ]
MM
: M B {k M
{k V : {E,
: M, Mn, i, B], Mb B
Mb
x, S, l, vx
E (Eb J - 01)
|x {j - ui
1.
V |tME
V |tME E { B i* |Vi, V
+Eh B |{i* {h * V B |Vi *
b..B. B ... {Ih* iE B +xE
ri* V l* V vx B |hEh* V
E h* V =i{nx B |Eh E i ri*
2.
E V |tME
{v - >iE vx E v B +x|M* b.Bx.B.
+vi SxE, Vx CxM* {xVx b.Bx.B.
iExE i vx*
3.
E +lj B |Ij |vx
E {hx B =E B, {hx ,
(Vx) B IiB* i Ei {hx* BCV
xi B xi i |Ij =i{n* Eh W.T.O. E
n xi vB* |Ij |vx* Ji E {ri,
|E B =x |i Ex EE*
4.
E | I
Oh V B lB* VE iEh B Ei
E {, Mh B i* E | E i* |
|Ih B Ex E i B v* iji
={i i Oh E EG E i* E
xS E B S* E |tME E |S| E Yx Exp E E* +i (ATMA)
E E B E*
5.
E JE
Exp |k E { B +{Eh* -v B |i{Mx*
xnJ B Sj*
6.
E E{] +x|M
E{] E h B MEh* E {Sx {ri*
{iE |E* E |vx*
7.
n Yx B I VE
n xh E GB B EE* n MEh* n E
iE B xE Mh* n =Ei B =E*
Ei {h |vx* E nB B =xE |vx*
+E {v {E ii, =xE ih, |E B n
SGEh* {v {E ii E {xSGEh
I VE GB* V B +V xjVx
lEh* n VE p B {E ii SGEh*
n Ih, Ih B ={M Vx* Ih B
6.
7.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
E z ij E x G v*
+M, l + +Yx E n Sx v E
M*
Eh SEi Yx E ri*
{SEi ti SEi*
}E{E B +]xO u {Ih E {S*
6.
vj
{ SEi vj, {+ E |i x
+{v* nv + nMv =i{n il E v x
+{h {ri + =xE {i Mx*
Vxl E |i Ex +{v vi
Exx*
+v +{h Ex vi Exx*
x I |ii Ex E v*
{SEiE E vxE Ei*
{SEiE i nS B +Sh x*
|h Yx (Eb J - 03)
|x {j - |l
xxEb] B Eb] E Sx, x M`x il VE,
{liE
E, +lE |hYx il ={Eh {ri
Jb - +
1.
xxEb] il Eb]
(+) z P E ={M iE E MEh il v*
() |]V +- {, x], {Vb, ]{ xV
+ + E Sx, |Sx, {h, Vxx il Vx
k*
() {- Ex E Sx, +iE, EE, xij
il Vxx*
(n) x]]- {i, I SxB il =xE E v,
| k il =xE xh, ]Vx, +
+ + E x Ih B Vx k*
(<)
{]l- {V +xEx, + il ]x
E x Ih B Vx k, x E l =xE
v*
() xll- BE E x Ih, Vx k il
{V +xEx, xll E x v*
(M) Bxb- il Jhbi, xBl, ] +
bx E x Ih Vx k*
() +l{b- |x, SU + EES E x Ih,
+Mij il Vx k, E] E JM (EES, SU,
CJ, vCJ ii) E] Eih, xxx,
E] VE M`x (nE + vCJ)*
(+<) E- x il {< +x, x, |Sx,
x Ih il Vx k* M]{b B`x (]x)
il +ix (b]x)*
(V) <E<xb]- B] E x Ih, +x, x,
V{x ij + |Sx*
(E) |]Eb]- Eb] E =n, bx il E]
E x Ih il Vx k*
() {< (i) - E, x, |Sx il |x, b{x<
E Sx il vi*
() B- VxE nJ, x]x B {bVx*
(x) {]- v|n E B x {* { E
n v*
(+) BV- =dx +xEx il |x*
({) - |]l il ]l E SxiE iB
il Vi k v*
(C) EE E xxJi ij E ixiE, EiE
(Bx]) +vh il <E i{n, +i: EE (E V
JB), {Sx ij, x ij, {x ij (n il
vx S{ j) j Vxx ij, iE il Yxp
(+J + Ex j)*
Jb -
1.
{liE
(+) Vx hb, V -x SG, Ox = |,
+Vx {i il <E |, {liE +xG*
() ] - iB, ] MiE ({{x bxC),
] lEh*
() i E x Vx, <E Ih (EVx),
V*
(n) {h, V xxEh (bObx), |nh il
Vx hb { <E | B El*
2.
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<|]M*
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E E, E] il |] VE , |h
()
3.
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()
()
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()
()
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2.
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+lE |hYx
vCJ, E], J E], E{, { il ZM
{x*
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I M, V + Bb) <xE E, Mh il El*
x vi E] B M*
={Eh {ri
{.BS. ] E +vx*
G]O ({{ il lx )*
<G]*
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V E nJ + J-J*
EE xx il ]Cb*
|h Yx (Eb J - 03)
|x {j - ui
EE Yx, +xE, V E, MEh,
Vx, EE + hE
Jb - +
EE Yx
+.
EE il =E +ME E Sx B E
(ExpE, {V Z, <]Eb, MVE,
Bb{VE ]C, <V, <V)
EE Vx (j il +rj) EE
SG*
.
b.Bx.B. E ]x GE b, b.Bx.B. E
{Ex,
.
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n.
}Vx
+xE il V iExE
+.
Vx]E Eb
.
b il x M Mhj il M
xvh
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b E Mi x, {xVx (Exx),
Mxi il GM +, M E{,
v E Mi
n.
=i{ix il =i{iVxx- Eh +
xE
<.
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Eb, ]VxC, ]{Vx, b . B x . B .
G, CxM il {h |h CxM (ri
il G {ri)
.
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M.
x E VxVi M
.
b.Bx.B. M |]M
V E il MEh
+.
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.
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.
bx il =xE E
n.
V zi E ji il |Ei
<.
|EiE h
.
{lCEh
M.
Vi il ={Vi E +vh, MEh E
ri, |h xij il +i]. Ei,
Cb]E
.
V,
+<. M E{
V.
V,
E.
|h E ih, E |h ME {b
Jb -
V x
+.
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il xCE Bb E Sx + E
.
ME<, B G SG, +CEh
+{Sx, +CEh x, >V Ih
il Sx, B]{, SG B.B.{. - <E
Sx + E
.
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n.
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BV<
<.
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EE (ixv E n )
+.
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EE
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n.
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+.
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h Z E Sx il E ixv
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n.
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x{i Yx (Eb J - 04)
|x {j - |l
I VE, M Yx, {n{ , +kV {v E
+EE, +iE Sx, ME + h j
1.
I VE
h, ]{ V (E{V), Vh, x Vh
E Sx, MEh, |Vxx B +lE i* =tM B
E Vh E ={Mi*
2.
{n{ M Yx
EE x {n{ M E VxE, Gh E
v + xjh E ={*
3.
{n{ vi ({n{ )
, EE, <], ]b<] B Vx{
E Sx, |Vxx, Vx k, MEh B +lE i*
4.
+kV {n{
>iE B >iEij, , ix B {k E +EE
B +iE Sx, E E { B +Mi |lE
B uiE SxB* {{ E +EE, {E B
Vhb E Sx, P VhVxx B MVhVxx,
xSx B h {vx* V E {vx*
5.
ME
+kV {n{ E xEh B MEh E ri,
ME E +vxE |k, xxJi E E x
VxE, xxC, E, , ],
(Mx), B{B, B{x, BC{Bb , x,
B, B, B B {B, x{iE
=tx*
x{i Yx (Eb J - 04)
|x {j - ui
EE VE, +xE il E, EE, {liE
il +lE x{i Yx
1.
EE VE
EE BE SxiE B EiE, <E<, |E+]E
B E+]E EE; VpE, +i:p VE,
j EhE, <, iE il ExpE E {Sx
B E; Mhj E Sx, xE |Ei B j
il +rj Vx E nx ; |E E
Mhj*
2.
+xE il E
bn, Vx E{x, b.Bx.B. il +.Bx.B. E
Sx B |E, +xE E], |]x h il
xx; V E E ri B |h*
3.
{n{ EE
{x E +h il x, {iVx, JxV {h,
|E h, x, |E x, E, x<]Vx
S{S il Ehx, r, {n{ x + =xE
E, n{iEi, V |{i + +Eh*
4.
{liE
{liE E i, {liE EE, {liE
ij E Sx, E B MiE, {n{ n + +xGh,
{liE E +x|H { Vx Ih, |nh E
xjh il |EiE ji E |vx/E]{z {v,
Ij {v, b b] E, E i{x, +
B +Vx {i E Ih*
5.
+lE x{i Yx
{v Jt, S, , , { {nl, +v il
<i Ec E ji*
x Yx (Eb J - 05)
|x {j - |l
1.
i
i ii il i G,*B2 il *B3 +h+
xn i il i ii E {Sx
Ex*
2.
{h Sx
b M E {nl iM E E{x* <VxM E
+xSii E ri* bV iM Eh (ij
+v), il 2 E lEi* BE E`
Eh* Ch] JB* jV il Eh iM x*
s,p,d B f +] E +E* + ri b E
i x* { E BCCVx x* |E
xE +*
3.
xE vx
+xE v, uw +Ph il <C] @hiEi E
+i |ii +xE Ih* +xE ME E
iB* +xE ME E li E |i
Ex EE* VE >V* x SG*
VE v il =xE x iB* +h+ E v
wi il =xE uw +Ph* VEi v ri,
+xxn il +xxn >V E {E{x* +hE
+] (LCAO v)* x il +x xE
+h+ vx : H2+, H2 to Ne2, NO il CO Eh
E vh, v, v Eh il v < E Ih*
<bVx v il hb * viE vx*
4.
` +l
` E {, +xiE Eh E li E x,
G] ij il G] M (G]OE ) G]
E, VE Sx il <E< +xi:Jhb E {i
E x* M Eh* G] u I-Eh ix*
xE] {EM* +v - +x{i E x* EU {E
+v - +x{i E Mhx* NaCl, CsCl, And
KCl G] E Sx* G] +{hi* p G]
E |E +vx*
5.
> MiE
> MiE ij, +l il |G, E, = il
+iE >V* >MiE E |l x, ij { E
M E il z |G = E +h*
Ei, z |G >V il Bxl{ {ix
il =xE i{G { xi*
>MiE E ui x, Bh]{ BE +l x,
z |G Bh]{ {ix, Bh]{ =iGhi
il +xiGhi, H >V x, E],
lE il >MiE {h E v v* xx]
> ri il > MiE E ii x*
>MiE i{k 1. MV ]V Eh
2. p +x{i E x il
3. C{x - C Eh*
6.
ti x
SEi il =E xvh E +x|M 1. n ti +{P] E +xx lE
2. +{ h E i Mhx
3. SEi E +x{x
| ti +{P] E b< E ri*
MxE , xpi , ti xE h, E
ti E (E.M.F.) E xvh, <vx il
]* <C]b |G, vi il lE E v (<])
{ uE i, + lxi E Mi, n, ti v
Pxi, +v*
7.
xE MiE
+G n E xpi { xi, x, |l il
ui E] E +G+ E +E il Ex
Eh, i{G il n E M lE { |,
P]x il GE +l E ri*
8.
|E x
|E E +h, =kVi +l E z M
+xi (P]x), <bVx il Vx E v |E
xE +GB il =xE Ch] nIiB*
9.
i |Ei il =i|h
M il x E ` +vE { +vh,
xbl il M E +vh i{ G, i
Ij E xvh, M =i|h E +Ih il
Gv*
10.
V - +ExE x
VE |G+ +E il I ii* Mx
il Mx E xn ] {x* x<] V x
lEh, |]x il +CVx Oh, ] G
11.
(+)
()
()
(n)
(<)
12.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
il bCx, I il I n vi+ E VE
i*
VEi x
Gh vi E v ri - VEi v ri,
G] Ij ri, Mhb Ij ri il +hE
+] ri*
Gh vi E E SE Mh - SE +Ph
(E SGh il L-S Mx) SE +Ph
EIE Mnx*
Gh vi E E <C]xE {C] - {C]E{E
il =kVE +lB <C]xE Gh E |E,
d-d Gh E h x, xE h G h
d1 d9 +l+ E +M >V i Sj*
={ VE ME i - ={ VE
ME E IUPAC xEh, 4, 5 il 6 ={
Vx J E E j x, E] {h
il xE E, ] | B <E ri*
E E =MiE il MiE li*
EviE x - vi Ex E E h,
Sx il v E |Ei, vi +x E, il
vi BE<x E, +CEE M +G*
+i Gh ii E x x
xlx<b il BC]x<b* |{i |lCEh, +CEh
+l, il SE Mh, xlx<b ESx*
x Yx (Eb J - 05)
|x {j - ui
+G E Gv
ExE +G+ E Gv E +vx E x
v (MiE + +MiE nx) + =xE =nhlxE E ={M, vi E]jh j x,
x ExE +G+ E >V JSj, Gh
+l B vi, Gh >V, +G+ E
MiE xjh + =MiE xjh*
G vi
=i{nx, Vi, li B +GB : Ex
+x, Exx, H E, Ex B xV<x*
+GB
Bb Pxx, Cx Pxx, {Ex +G, xxV
+G, ]M +G, - Ex +{Sx,
ExV +G B x C] +G, xV<x
Pxx, <xb h, G h, xb
+G, ]x +G B ]E +G*
i E
MiE J r Eh, H E <x
Eh, +xE <x Eh, VM-x]
Eh B <x E, Pxx +l {nr
Eh, {B], {B<b, x b<b
x, -b<b x, B{C x*
|E x
x ExE ME E |E xE +GB,
B =kVi +lB, BE B j]E +lB,
VxE JSj, n{i B |in{i, C] nIi
B >V lxih |G*
ExE {C]i
{Mx - o, +H il xE SE +xxn,
{C]i u x ExE E Sx xvh Ex
E |xE*
SG ME
{, }x, lx B {bx E +hE EIE
{o B B]E +Ih, h E v B
<C]xx |il{x E n ] xE
+GB, {bx, {{bx B { E Ei
E ix* <xb, Cxx B +< Cxx xx
E v B xE +GB*
ExE ME E j x
i E ii, E B BE ME,
|I{h j., C]E B ]]E Bb E |EE
i, |i {i B +|i {i, {I
B x{I x, <lx, Bx-]x B <CCVx E
{h, E Exp ME E b-B B + B
Eix, n xE]i E Exp ME E
|I{ j, xx |I{ j, |I{, V B b-B
i, <m B m+ i, Eh +
Vx, ViE i, < + Vb Eix*
EviE ME
OMxb +EE B +E< l ME E
xx E v B h ={M*
G lx ME
b<-<l< x] B <l< B]B ]] -ExE h
11.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
1.
Sx* i B EEni*
|Ei - P]xB, |in ], P]x E |Ei*
|Ei E M B Mhx |* V - |*
rxiE ]x - u{n ]x, {Vx, |x ]x B
<xE i B ={M, xxi M v, G
+Vx* xv B h* +E B Mh
xv (ix S iE)
Mhi (Eb J - 07)
|x {j - ui
iE h B nE ]
x Ex, ii B BEn ] x E
Exi* Ex E i |, Ex E
vx |* +E +Ex il n S E
iE x x E +Exi* V B M
|, +{] x |*
nE ] E { B =nh, {,
xn, +i xn, i B i SS* hE
B +i , { xn* nE ] E ={ ],
E +xG, {hi, Ex] x` |, E]Cx
ri* {h Gi Ij E { iE JB, Px
={SS, E]M |, v], |l B ui
Mhx ]*
h
x E iii B +Exi, E
x, Ex Eh, E |, E Ex
j, { h, ] h, x] h, M],
E |, Ex] Ex, Ex |iSjh,
uJ {xih*
=SSEx
+xE S E x, n S E x E , ii
B +Exi, +E +EV, S E {ix,
Pi x { + E |, n S E x E
] E |, n S E x E =SS`, xx`
B b xn, OV E MhE v, +xv {*
+E +E Eh
GE B j +E i, +E +E
Eh E Sx*
dx/p = dy/Q = dz / R |E E +E +E Eh
E * Eh Un {x +E +E Eh,
|l E] E +E +E Eh, E B S{]
v u * +S MhE JE +E ui
E] E Eh*
JE |O
JE |Ox , , B
BSUE , O B {C v u , |i
, {x il +<xx] B, S Gi
B*
JiE h
JiE v, V B V] BE S E Eh
E <Cx, M B x]x }x v u
* JE Eh E Mx {x v, M
Vbx (v) v, M b v ({xk) *
OV B x]x (+O B {S) +xix v
JiE Ex : {x E 1/3 x, M=x
Ij - Ex j, x +E Eh E JiE
, + B M E^ v u*
VMhi
VE B V Sx* uii ih + {E
] VE B V Mhi* x
+ x{h* iEE x, bV] V E +E
=E xh* Sx {{l, +J, {l B {{l,
xxi {l* x {l B {{l, +J E +x|M,
{ {, ={Mi *
jE
liE - i E xix E iE
|ixv, + E, VVE, j , {<x]
Exp +I, l< B +l ix*
MiYx - jV B +x|l n+ il { B
+ n+ Mi B ih* +i Mi*
|il b* SEx B Jn i G { Mi*
|iv v Mi* S j Eh E Mi*
JE (Eb J - 08)
|x {j - |l
Jhb - +
hxiE JE
+Ec E |E - BE ] |in il ] E
+vhB, jiE B MhiE +Ec, xE B
GSE +Ec, +x|l B E h +Ec +i
2.
1.
1.
2.
1.
2.
3.
4.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
E |vx* E H + B E E + E]i*
E M + B E ni E Mhx*
JE
{, Ij B i* Exp |k E {* +{Eh,
i, v B xnE*
hV B Jj (Eb J - 12)
|x {j - ui
|vx B E k
+vxE |v E +vh
Ij B vni* |vx BE ""{ix P]E'' E { ,
|vx E |E-xVx, M`x, ]M xnx x
B xjh* xhx-+vh, |G B v* |v
E VE ni*
x vx B +tME v
ES Sx, i, |iiEh B |Ih, k Mix,
+|h, |h il xii * +tME nEh B vx*
{hx il G |v
{hx E +vxE +vh, {hx E |E B
v* {hx - {hx, {hx v G
rx E i* Y{x B n {x { ]E
G*
E k
=q, vx E +vEEh E +vh, k E ij+{Ex, v Ex B nP Ex, {V Sx,
E {V, {V E Mi* +xEi xi*
k lB B i {V V
i V E E pE B J xi* i
{V V E |J P]E* Ev {h E E B
=xE |J E, S+ b E E B i*
i =tM { |iI n x E ,
VxE lx E {V E x E *
+lj (Eb J - 13)
|x {j - |l
+lE GB B + E SG |, ] B
], +lj E |Ei, +ll E i B,
] + E E{x B {*
={H - M E x, M E S, ={Mi
h il =nxi G iExE*
=i{nE E - =i{nx x, |i E x,
{x E |i, Mi G*
Ei ri - V E z li Ei
xvh, =i{nx E vx E Ei xvh*
Ex E VM ri B + xvh E b*
EM - J xjh E =q B ={M, E
+ll pE B J xi*
Evx E |E B ri, VxE E ri,
VE xi E =q B ={M, Exp-V k
v*
+i] { - +i] { E ri, =nEi
{ B { M`x, n {V E +lE
E E, x n E xvh, Mix *
+i] pE lB - +<..+.b., +<.B.B.
il B< E E*
E { {h xi | - {x=i{nx B M
=i{nx vx, |nh - , {x, il x E
I*
+lj (Eb J - 13)
|x {j - ui
i +ll
i +ll E i Ih, x |EiE
vx, i +ll E Sx B i
] + E P]x, B Oh +ll E
B*
E E - E xi, v, i Gi il
=E |, Oh E E EG*
+tME E - +tME xi, VxE il xV
Ij, VxE Ij E xVEh, i +tME
E E B, i +vSx E E
xi*
i +lE v B VE x, {V V E
xx, n p V B n xM*
i VE B pE xi - =q B +vxE
V] |k, V E + <b B pE xi,
k Ij E v B EM*
i E n { B Mix ix E +vxE
|k, S Ji B {V Mi Ji p E {ixi,
i +ll { { M`x E |*
i xVx - =q B Sx, i xVx
8.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
111.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
1.
2.
| - ic, c, Vn, iE E x,
E E hVEh, vx E xEx*
+M-`, +M- v, V E E v,
V Vi il +M - J v*
19 in b ]M il ] |k E
l{x- ]E E v, bV E V c{ xi B
v,
1857 E iji +xnx - {, Eh il {h,
C] E Ph {j, 1858 E i E +vx,
1861 E +vx*
19 in {xVMh il VE, vE +nxV x ( V) nxn i
(+ V) Bx] (lE ]), I
E E, |, ii B nS*
i ]n E +E Sh - VE {`,
|E ]n M E nx EE il VxVi
p* i ] EO E l{x - EO E
x n B M n*
EVx E |x B M Vx, M E
l{x B 1909 E +vx* GiE +nx +nx, 1919 E +vx
Mv M - Ji il +M +nx, V
n, <x Ex, EO, x +Y +nx,
MV x, 1935 i E +vx il |i
ik, i Uc +nx*
G{ x, x, Ex] x, Sxp
(+Vn n V) |nE Vxi B i
Vx i vxi, i i E xEh,
i vx E |J iB*
i E iji +xnx v|n E Mnx
x M - i E +lE E, n xi, M]x{Ii
E ri, Sx E l P, i - {E r B
iEn Zi*
x 1971 E i-{E r B M n E =n*
Jb -
+vxE E <i
+tME B E Gi, +E E iji O
E V Gi, x{x M 1799 - 1815
x EO, { E H l*
+E E M r, <Mb =nn, |VijE Vxi
1815-1850 iE n v, H {, S] ] +n x
19 in ]n E =n - Vx B <] E
BEEh
1871-1914 iE Vx E M B n xi, E
ii Mhij- n B M xi*
19 20 in xE] { E - G
r, x EO, iE +nx, Ex r*
|l r, E v, ] P, 1901 1924
iE -1905 E Gi, 1917 E Gi, xx E xii
n E l{x B +lE xi*
n r E S - Vxi - xVn ]
E M B n xi, n-x E M B
n xi, V{x +vxEn*
Sx - 1911 E Gi, 1949 E Gi, n x
l (+iiM ) V{x Vn - <V {x:l{x
B V{x E +vxEEh, + ]n E =n*
ui r - |, H ] P*
M]x{Ii E xi B ii , H ] P
+ i, Ij ix - ix, C, ix*
M (Eb J - 15)
|x {j - |l
Jhb - +
iE M
-+Ei Yx
(1) {l E =i{k - {l E =i{k E ri
(2) {] - E =i{k B <E |E, {l
E +iE Sx, u{ B {i E xh
E ri, +xkEh E EE - +{I B
+{nx* i V, Mi V, x, {x
B M E E* E{, VJ
B <xE ih*
(3) l { - {i, {` B nx - |E B
=xE ih*
V Yx
(1) hb - hb E Sx B M`x,
hb {i E =vv ih B =xE
iB*
(2) i{x - hb i{x E IiV ih*
(3) n B {x ij - {l E n {],
3.
1.
2.
3.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
1.
2.
3.
4.
|x {j - |l
x Yx B MiE
b, =E{b, {l E =i{k B +iE Sx*
bBC]] B {l E +* VJ : Eh
B =i{n, VJ J* E{ : Eh, |,
E{ JB* i E E{xi, ii, {h,
E{J, u{S{, Mx M J< B v-M
E]E, u{ l{x - I B Gv, p
i ih, {], ixE* li, {ix B
{SVi {ix*
+Ei Yx B n nx
+Ei Yx E i +vhB* +{I B
i Ii* +Ei, |hi B +{* +EiE
SG B =xE J* +Ei Yx : Sx B
+Yx v* +Ei Yx E +x|M E
|E {J* i - ={u{ E +Ei*
Yx n nx E +x|M*
SxiE Yx
x, -+EE, MEh, +Yx B n
{ |, v : MEh B i* x :
|E, +Yx B lEi* Ex B Jh E {
B MEh il =xE Sx+ v*
i E B i E {Sx* {h E
+vh* i E {h x* YxE xSj:
SxiE B E Ei B xSj {`x*
iE
YxE {x* iE E ri* iE
MEh B x{ri* iE xv* i
={u{ E E ii +vx* YxE
+ii E nx i ={u{ V il +Mx
EE{ E I{i +vx* {-] BE *
V Yx
Vx, {Ih E iE B V E ={M*
M E, O{]<], ]<<], E{b, E :
E, M]{b, {b B <Ex<b E
+EE Yx B YxE <i*
I VE E i VxE* EE VE
E I{i +vx* Mhbx {n{ +* {VE
+Ec E {{li, iE B {ME +vx
i +x|M E VxE*
-Yx (Eb J - 16)
|x {j - ui
JxV Yx
G] E i n MEh* x M E
+Ei E +vx* +i ] G]x +Ex* G]
x* wh In* n Ei B n Ei*
hi, {x, u+{ix, E |, iEh
h, x* E] E MEh, {i, {i
B E]{i, ` x* {, {CVx, B,
<E, Mx], +x, {l<b, C]V, E<],
Ex<], Bxb<], x<] B ]<] E
iE, xE B |E Mh*
+Mx il Eii E
M E =i{nx B G]Eh* BE P]E (SiO2)
uP]E (B<]-+xl<] B b{<b - Bxl<])
B jP]E (b{<b - B<] - Bxl<]) E
n E G]x* x +G J* M
nx B MEh* +Mx E { B SxB*
+Mx E M`x B I SxB* +Mx E
MEh* Ox<], x<], b<], E B
+]E , SxE<], +xl<] B +E<x
, Ex]<] E hx B i{k* Exih*
Exih E |E B EE* Exih h B
Vx* Exii E M`x, SxB B MEh*
Exih Ih* h B E B
+r Sx {il E Exih* {SMiE Exih
B |il{x* ], x, , C]V<], ],
<], B<], Jhb<], Mhb<] E hx*
+n Yx
+n E xh |G* |Pxx B x*
M`x B SxB B =xE lEi* +n ,
JbV B +JbV E MEh* JxV B
=xE i* +n Ih E +vh* M]E,
Eh, +{il, Sx {il B E hx*
+lE Yx
+E, +E JxV B +vj JxV, +E E
+i |ii* JxV xI{ E MEh* JxV xI{
E xh |G* i xx viE B +viE
JxV E |{i E +l, JxV Mh, ME
ih B ={M E hx : , MxV, G,
i, -Vi, Bx, x, x, l,
<E, Mx<], ]E, <], B], Ex<],
, Ehb, , }<], B{]<], V{, +Mx,
=E, ] B ix =tM vi +viE JxV
B i{h x xh * i E E, i
B M xI{* p JxV vx* JxV +lE E
vni, E, +{ B +x JxV* ix
] JxV xi*
5.
V Yx, <Vx Yx B Jxx Yx
V SG, Mi V E ={li B E V
Mh* i E V Ij* V Oh Ij E |vx E
+vh* V E Mhk* v B M xh E
YxE {li* v, V B
M E xh l E Sx il xh |G
vi {h EE*
JxV +xh : +xIh E i B +vi
v* +xh E Mi, tiE, SE, <
Ih B E{ v E | E VxE* JxE,
VVEh B vx E |E VxE*
Vxi Yx + +i] v (Eb J - 17)
|x {j - |l
Jhb - BE
VxiE ri
1.
i VxiE SE
x, E], B.Bx. , MJ, iE, Mv, x,
+bE B {*
2.
{Si VxiE SE
{], +i, E, , E, , V.B.
, Ox, M, C B xx*
3.
VxiE ri E +vx E ={M
BiE, iE + +xi*
4.
VxiE SvB
=nn, Vn, Cn , n, +VEin
B Mvn*
5.
+vhB
|i (BEkn B kn), iji, x,
xi, H, ti, k B VxiE ni*
6.
Eij
Eij E ri (j, +Vxn B Ex)
7.
n +xnx
n B =k n, Sv E {ix v
n*
8.
En
VxiE E E +vh, VxiE E E
={M (O +hb, bb B{], x b {<
B + { ]M]x)*
9.
+vxE +vhB
l ri, SxiE, |En, VxiE Ei,
VxiE VEh B VxiE +vxEEh*
10.
Ex ri
=k +vxEin, xn (=nn, Cn B
+in), {hn*
Jhb - n
i E x B Vxi
1.
i iji +nx
i iji E |l O 1857 =nn, =On
B GiE +nx, +M +nx, x +Y
+nx, i Uc +nx, iji P +
E E*
2.
vxE E E <i
] v, 1909, ]M - Sb v 1919,
<x Ex, i x +vx, 1935, G{
x, Ex] x Vx, i iji +vx
1947*
3.
i vx E |J iB
|ix, E +vE + Ei, xi xnE
ii, Pn, n |h, vx vx |GB,
xE {xEx*
4.
E{E
ri B , ]{i, |vxj B jhb,
V{, Jj B V jb, xE*
5.
vE
n + n i E E B E, E
B V , V vx hb*
6.
SS x B =SS x
xE Gi, Vxi SE ({.+<.B.)*
7.
8.
9.
10.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
vE lB/+M
P E +M, (.{.B..) xSx +M,
xjE B J {IE, {Uc M +M, ]
+M, ] x +vE +M, +{JE
+M*
n l
VxiE n E Sv, VxiE n E Jhbx
B IjEh, n , Z Vxi E |ix,
xSE , v|n Vxi*
i Vxi M, Vi, x B ME q,
Ijn E Vxi, xCn +nx, |nn,
{UcM B ni +nx*
i Eij
{Si V B xM x 73 + 74 vx
vx E i, i +nx B HEh,
v|n {Si V l E M`x B E*
i B +i] v (Eb J - 17)
|x {j - ui
Jhb - BE
+i] v
nxi E xvE ii - +iE viB, Vxi,
+lE B E l E =i {*
+i] Vxi E ri- l, lln,
+nn, xh, xh, J ri B Cn*
+i] Vxi E +vhB - H, ] i,
H ix, ] I B E I*
ir B =k ir, xjEh B j E
xjh
i]l +nx - +vh, E E l
|MEi, nIh-nIh n B =k nIh n*
+xi] M`x - H ] (.Bx.) B =E ]
lB (+xi ] x, +i ] M`x, x)
H ] E {xSx*
Ij M`x - { P (<..) nI, +x +
B{E*
|J H E n xi - H V +E,
B Sx*
E E q - Eij, x +vE,
Eh B {h*
Vxi E |J q - i Vx B <E,
+Mxix E], i P E P]x E {Si
+xi] Vxi E |J q, +xi] +iEn*
Jhb - n
i B
i n xi E xvE B iB - xxii
B {ix*
i E {c v - {Eix, Sx, Mn,
E + x{*
i E H V +E + v
i + nI
i + M] x{I +nx
i E {h xi - Bx.{.]. + .]..].
i, I, xjEh + x +vE E
n i + H ]
i + =i +i] +lE l - +xi]
lB V W.T.O., I.M.F. + I.B.R.D.A.
|J +i ] q E |i i E o]Eh - Eh,
{ +iEn, {h*
i + ii - E l E {
=x*
E |x (Eb J - 18)
|x {j - |l
Jhb - BE
|xE rxi
E |x E +l, Ij B i, E B xV
|x, E |x E x E o]Eh, E
E B +tix li*
xx E |x, x E |vx E +vh, x+vh B Gxx, xiEi B |x*
YxE |v (] B YxE |v +nx), j
ri, (, =E, ME B +x), xE
ri (Cn o]Eh, E |ix B =E
+Sx) =k x E*
M`xiE h E n ={M, Mi
|v (OM, E] B +x) l ={M, J B
n l, SxiE EiE ={M B Cn
={M*
{n {x, xjh E Ij, +n E BEi, <x B
] +Eh*
+{SE B +x{SE M`x, ExpEh B
7.
8.
9.
10.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
ExpEh, M b B +M, E xM B
ij xE +M*
] <x E n xhx ri, xii E
ri, S, x, +|h ( B VM)
=kni B xjh E +vh, |x { v,
E{E B xE xjh*
xME B |x, Vx Mi, Sx E +vE
+vx 2005, |xE ]S, xME E Ei
E xh E x, ]Vx S] (xME |{j)*
|iVi vx E +l B i, |E, ,
B B I, |xE xvEh, B +
| xx E {ri*
Jhb - n
|xE v E +l, |G B vB, |xE
v E iExE, + B B, Sx |tME (+<.
].)
|v E +l, |Ei B i, |v E E, {bE,
B..+. |v E ={Eh + +SU |v E E]*
ixiE E |x E +l, |Ei B Ij, xE
B {liE*
E |x E =i{k B =nn, M |]E
b, xE B E, E |x E ni
{J (|<)*
xii E +vh, k B |, J E{E B
M`x =E E, xE E +vh, x
|ix B =E +Si, i, |Ih, {nzi xHES v*
Ei xh x, x` B +Sh i,
+b x, E{ B EH, Exp iEi +M*
E |x xi xh E |MEi, xi xh
E |G, Gxx E B |ih B Ex*
k |x E +vh B i, V] E |G
B =E E, x{nx V], x - +vi V],
E @h*
v xjh, E J i, +xx i, E
=t i, J {Ih, B J i E xjE
B J {IE*
E |x E{] E E, <-Mxx*
E |x (Eb J - 18)
|x {j - ui
Jhb - BE
(i Exp, |xi B lx |x)
i |x E =n, E], M E B
] i*
i vx, E, |ix B |J iB,
n |Vij, P {ri B Exp V v*
]{i, |vxj, j{n, jhb B =E
i, |vxj E, Exp S, j
B M*
{n xE, b + +M, ] x +vE
+M, P E +M, ] +M,
xSx +M B k +M*
|xE v, iji E {Si v |xE v
+M E |inx B =xE Gxx E B*
Vx E +Eh, M`x B E, Vx +M,
] E {n E E, Exp B V i {
Vx xh E |G, GxpEi Vx*
v B l xx Exp B V E +Eh
E E, Vxi B |x E +{vEh*
EhE |x, ] i { EhE |x
E x, +xSi Vi B +xSi VxVi E
Eh i M`x, + B SS E B
EhE VxB, E E B*
i |x E |J q, Exp V v E B,
E B |xE Ei , E B
{h q* i |x B Eh*
i +{n |vx, i +Ih xi,
HEh, E Bx.V.+. E E*
Jhb -n
v|n E n V |x
V E {xM`x (1956) - v|n E xh, UkMg
E Vx*
Exp B V |x E v v, Exp B V
|x +i*
V{, Jj, j{n*
J S, =E E B E, V S B
Sx, V Vx b*
V B - v|n E +M E
M`x B E, i B |Ih*
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
xMi B xMEh, x i, {h v
, xvxi B @hOii, xM xVx B E*
VxVi V
VxVi B +xSi VxVi E +l B iB,
+xSi VxVi E xvh E vxE |vx,
VxVi +ll, Vx {x E vx, VxVi
+nx B E, , Mb B EE*
=tM B V
+tMEh E +l B iB, E x
(vi) E P (]b xx) il x v,
+lE v-=nEh, xVEh, Eh*
I
|lE I B V E xi xvE ii, I,
IhE +xi B {ix, I B VE
Mii, I +x, Si E IhE
*
VE
t{x, x n+ E x, Bb, k, Mn,
+i, vnVx E , v+ Vn, ]S,
, nV |l*
+{v j B xE Yx (Eb J - 20)
|x {j - |l
+{v j - { B i*
i +{v vh*
(] +{v +J E n )
E E r +{v (|Ei, i B Exx
|vx)*
+ E r +{v (|Ei, i B Exx
|vx)*
+xSi Vi B +xSi VxVi E r
+{v (|Ei, i B Exx |vx)*
+{v E, {j ri*
+{v E j ri - Jn B |ivE ri*
+{v E EiE ri - E B E
i ri , xYxE B xhiE ri *
+{v E Vj ri - vE S B
Bx*
+{v E bE ri - M ri +n*
nhb - {, ri B |E*
+{v E +lMi v - {I, +l H,
{ *
+{v E lMi v*
i EM - fS, |E B E*
n E B viE *
E E lMi B +lMi *
+{v {ci H B {ci E +V*
+{v xv Vx*
+{vj B xE Yx (Eb J - 20)
|x {j - ui
+M Sx - {]x B |E, E, =il{x, {Ih
B ix*
{n B {nE Sx - i, M] {]x, {Ih, =il{x,
SEx B ix*
] B {l Sx - i, {Ih B ix*
n{n niV - |E B {Ih, xE xx E
|{i Ex, {ix, Z niV, iJx, ]E hi,
U{ B ]]] niV E M B HE iB
B ix, nii Jx B < Ei Ex, Mg
Jx, B ]{*
+{vE Miv +Mxj, MEh, +Mxj
E P]E, l (SEx x) B b +Mxj,
Ei E Sx B |E, +Mxj, M B
Ei JJ E {Ih B xE {Ih* n
+, M E n E +Ex* +V Sx|E, {Sx B ixiE +vx*
B Yx - {, MEh, Hx E
|E, {Ih i xx, xEh v,
+{], Ex, vi, ES, Bl BE,
]], E]xE, +xE, {, B Vi
E h*
H, (G), , j B E P]x B
{Ih*
, ES {], ^ B ] E P]x B {Ih*
j, Sn, {n B i { tx xE I*
i +xh - i E |E, bEM Eh, M
B + E xvh, {I |G, hk {ix*
v - |E B iB, i{ B hk P
+|EiE i+ (nP ]x, +ii B i) E YxE
+xh, ME +{v, +MVx B ]E Vx
13.
14.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
|Eh*
b.Bx.B. |M - b.Bx.B. E Sx, SxE E
{ b.Bx.B., b.Bx.B. |M v, xE
Yx ={M*
+xh E E { {O, xEBx B
x{M*
xYx (Eb J - 21)
|x {j - |l
xYx E +v
xYx E {S B v
(1) xYx Yx E { - (2) {B, +x
VE B |EiE Yx v, (3) v |Ih, |M, xnxE B H +vx, IiE,
|x, Ih B i h*
E nE +v
(1) OE, |E B VE ij* E
+xE +v, x - E r, MiE
G-E{ + Hi xh <xE E*
(2) Exp k ijE ij E Sx B |E*
(3) nx - o], h B iS Yxxp - Sx
B |E*
x E E
|Ei B E E ri, Vx +v E E
xhE E*
VEh - VEh {, M-l, t,
Ei B b E E*
M E B E, xiE B VE E*
+vx B |iIEh
+vx - SxiE +vx E b, Ei Y{x B
iEi*
xiE - i E +vh, v-+i j]
v, xi v, l =q{E v*
xiE v - E] G, xvh B Mi ix
v*
|iIEh - |iIEh E { B |i, |iIiE
M`x E x, |iIiE I*
n |iIEh - BE +I u+I |iIEh*
|iIEh E |i Ex EE*
+vM
|i B +vM E ri ({, Ex, , ]x)
+Vx, {, nx B xEh E |G, |Gi
+vM, {xx +xS* b +vM* SE +vM
- v, O B xvE*
i
E]Eix, hbh, {x|{i* vh B h E
|i Ex EE* h E ri* +{EE
i B nPEE i* {`xJ B +OxJ
iEh* h*
Sxix vx
|i xh |G* vx-={M, VxiE
Sxix E |i Ex EE*
r B VxiEi
r E |i B {* r E ri ({x,
l]x, Mb) r B +Ii E {x, r
v B ii r E |i* VxiEi E
{x B VxiEi il r E v v*
+|h B M
+|E E |Ei B |E* +|h E GiE
+v - J {*
+|h E ri - +xixn xxEh B +Ei
{nxG b*
M - M E |E B ri, nE v B
=xE {x*
Hi
Hi E |i B {* Hi ri - b,
Bb, M, x, +{], x, BCx* Hi
E xvE*
Hi {x - |I{ {Ih, Hi |x,
li {Ih*
+k - +k {ix E ri B +k E
{x*
VE |iIEh, U xh, Mh{h ri B
+iHE +Eh*
MiE - +x{i, H B xii*
xYx (Eb J - 21)
|x {j - ui
xYx E |H
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
1.
2.
1.
xYxE {x B HE n
xYxE {Ih E iB B Sx* xYxE
{Ih E |E (r, Hi, S, +Ii)
xYxE {Ih E ={M il B*
IE xYx
EI +vM |G* +v{E E E Ei* IE
={v E B +|h*
EI |vx* ={v {Ih* +vh E E
B*
M`xiE B +tME xYx
EE Sx B |Ih* E |i +k B
i* +tME I B nP]xB*
M`xiE ih* M`xiE xii* M`xiE
E* |h B xhEi*
xEi Yx B xnxE xYx
xE Ei - Ih B EhiE EE* xnxE
|GB*
={SiE ={M - xMiiE SEiB,
SEi, M Expi SEi, YxiE SEiB,
bE SEi*
{ B nE xYx
xnx B { E +Ei B ri* {
E ={M (xniE, +xniE, iEE - ME,
{) t B t xnx
EG E +Vx Ex* nE xYx
iI{ E |E - |lE, uiE B iiE iI{
EG*
l xYx
l E b, l E B xEE B l
E |ii Ex Vx B * nE
M B v*
|i E |Ei, |E, Eh B {h*
+VxiE B |i |vx lEh
|v*
xYx E +x |H
Gc xYx - Gc x{nx E vx* B
E nIi*
{hiE xYx - E B |nh E |,
Vx-Ei, VxJ Pxi E |, nE Sx E
|*
nx j (Eb J - 22)
|x {j - |l
ii B Yx
=n Yx B ii E xxJi
{Si il i ri +Mi x E + E
VBM*
{Si
(1) rn - bE], {xV, <xZ
(2) +xn - E, E,
(3) In - E]
(4) |in - M
(5) in -
(6) +vGn - V
(7) iEE |iIn - B.V. B
(8) +iin - EEMb B j
(9) i E ri -n E ri , MiE ri ,
+lGn ri*
i
(1) SE - Yx, iEn
(2) Vx nx - nn E ri,
(3) vx B I
(4) r nx - |ii i{n, IhEn, xin,
S + i
(5) J nx - |Ei, {, Ehi E ri,
En
(6) M-nx - +]MM
(7) x nx - |, |h, < + I
(8) E nx - {nl, Ehi E ri
(9) nx - Yx
(10) ni nx - , <, +ix, V, VMi,
, +t, I (E, xV)
(11) E E +xSx Jin E ri*
nxj (Eb J - 22)
|x {j - ui
VE, VxiE nx B v-nx
VE-VxiE nx
(1) VE, VxiE - i, x, iji
B YxE o]Eh*
(2) , { B ME xi*
(3)
2.
1.
2.
3.
1.
2.
|ii Ex E +nEB
i +vi+ + +xii+ E {h
+xh il Sh x E IjvE
E |ii Ex E +E i
V]] E E M< Ei il V]] E
I E E +i
(12) +{
(13) { MxM (+E nV)
(14) z |E E Sh il =x vi |G
(15) VS il Sh vi x ={xv
(+) { E +v (+v-3 n.|..)
() +x n H B +x n r
() vx E ri
(n) +{v E x
(<)
+Vx |i ({)
() -+{v E Inx
(M) V E JS { +H E vE
i
(16) Vxi + +O Vxi
(17) xh
(18) +{
(19) xn, {xIh il {xEx
(20) E +ni B vE
(21) {ix, SS il i-{i E h {h
+{Ei v
(1) ={I il Mn ={I
(2) ={i{ (xx)
(3) E` ni E ri
(4) |ivE ni V V E ni i
3.
4.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
1.
2.
n - Mi
{nE - Sxp C GE 21 70 E {n-50
3.
in - Si x xnEhb
4.
V - {si xMi M Jhb
{nE - +S Sxp C
5.
VE |n - Ex Sxi, r
6.
Ei j{` x - MM, E H {V,
EEk
7.
lh M{i - i-i
8.
Jx Sin - En + EE, x:j xx
9.
p E Sx - E E i, Z E
x E v {
10.
+Y - +v h, xn E u{
11.
Hv - I :
12.
|Sn - Mnx
13.
h xl h - +S
14.
(E) Sp C - Sxih M - 1. rH, Ei
C
(J) xv x - {nE b ixp 1. Eh ^
2. V |n un
3. +Y
4. Exl
15.
VE |n - Sxp M{i (x]E)
16.
Ex B h |Sn - c P E ]
n - U
= |n - {
+OV i (Eb J - 25)
|x {j - |l
BVlx x]E E iE
{`G x x]E +xnx iE E iE
E E E M * +{I E Vi E =H
EJhb E |J iE Miv, v+ il
VE EiE {` =n {Si , il
=H EJhb E |J JE B =xE |ixv Sx+
E =xx -i +vx E *
1.
G] "b. ]'
2.
C{+ "Cl', "BV <E <]'
3.
x Ex
"+ ]bV', "+ ]l'
"+ xb{',
"+ V'
4.
Vx bx
"<C]', "Bx'
5.
Vx ]x
"{b<W ]' (E-1)
6.
Vx bbx
"E }Cx'
7.
BCZxb {{
"{ + n E'
8.
bl "n ] {', "]x]x B'
9.
B.]. EV "< + n Bx] x'
10.
{..
"] + EE', "+b ] n
]xb'
11.
Vx +]x
"|<b Bxb |Vb'
12.
S
"+ S E{x]', "+b
Sx', "b Sbx*'
+OV i (Eb J - 25)
|x {j - ui
C]x +vxE E iE
ui |x {j C]x E +vxE E iE E
z iE |k E i E M * =n
+{I E =H EJhb E ], +Ex B i
+M Jx -i {Si *
1.
]xx
- "', "GM n '
2.
] =xM
- " ] bS', "|{'
3.
l +xb
- "b S'
4.
S bEx
- "bb E{b'
5.
l b
- " + E]V'
6.
b.V. W^
- "'
7.
VV xb
- "Exbb', "Vx + +E'
8.
Vx +x
- "xM E <C]'
9.
E V +xn - "E'
10.
B.E. xVx - "B '
11.
M Exb
- "nx'
12.
+x] M
- "B ] +'
13.
] ]
- "xbM ', "b x] ]Ex'
14.
].B. <]
- " M + Bb V. |E'
Ei i (Eb J - 26)
|x {j - |l
x]E, Mt il Sx
1.
En E +YxExi*
2.
E {xnk*
3.
h E En Ex{n*
4.
Ei +xn*
5.
Sx - Ei xv*
(3)
(+)
()
(4)
(+)
()
(5)
N
x l Fi- - - - - Z nnB i n +
x
N { J x V E V nJx
+ =E W x i
i x - x { E Jn x Jn
+ E n
(6) F MK{ - xM xW x {n =`
C-C
3.
""Fn-+-'' E ixEn i+ + =E
{ i
(1) n
(2) WE
(3) +x
(4) n
4.
xi + nV V x xM E ixEn i+
(1) x - x
(2) MV x - {bi nE "x'
5.
=n xV + nV W xV + =xE E K
i+
(1) xW +E +n
(+) +n x
()
(2) {bi Vxh SEi h E BE x
(3) <F
(+) ixB xn
() +-B- =n
(4) V +n
(+) Ex
(5) W +n W
(+) ix<
(6) V x +Ji
(+) WJ i +{x - - - - - x Yx (Eb J - 28)
|x {j - |l
]{ - Jb - (BE) +x *
{Il Jb-n (E) n (J) E< BE Sx Ei
* |iE Jb (+li BE il n) E 150 +E *
Jb - BE
1.
xYx E +l, Ij il =E J J
(1) VE-EiE x Yx
(2) VE x Yx
(3) {iiE x Yx
(4) x Yx*
2.
Ei E +vh il |J Ih
EiE +S B S, EiE BEEh, EiE
{ B +ii, EiE {Ii, Ei E +
- iE B +iE*
V, n, B l E +l Ei B i*
3.
x Yx Ij E {{, +xE v,
+Ex, HE +vx, IiE +xS, |x*
4.
VE =nE
o]Eh B |h* VE =nE E rxi bxn, xbxn, En, xEn,
hiE rxi*
5.
|h VMi x E lx, ix{ il =SSix
(|<]) |h E E Ih, |x (,
, ]), Bxm{b (x<n x E xn
il {x nx E xn) {Mb (Mx, =M-=]x
S{V il M) |h E ME ih il
|J E Ih*
6.
M Jb, M
i, |h B x{i, M P]i x E Eh
B |h, +i]kx, ]-|ikx, il xvh
E v-{I B x{I*
7.
|MiE EiE +xGhi
{ il i E {{h, v{h B x{h
Ei E x i (x, px il xn
i x B ={Eh {{+ E xn )*
i v{h |ix, i x{h Mx
] B iixvi *
8.
+t-BiE +xGhi
xvP] E i, MMP] i (n+), n
9.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
{h E i*
, V B Ei E +i:xv*
Jb - n (E)
VE l
E {, E { - BE ,
, +i, , nE-nV, vvx*
{ E {, { E |E-ExpE, ii,
H {* + E { - {ix-lx, {i-lx
il xlx* xG i - i, {i
v Y+ E { il |Ei, v Y n,
v Y * Vx- - , E, ], <]*
+n +l l
|EiE {h il +n +ll v, =i{nx
E |E, x il ih E +n lB-i
x, +x`xE x +nx-|nx il {xih,
]-x, E E{x* +n +ll il
+vxE +ll +xi*
VxiE M`x
+n v il VxiE M`x, V il V x
V +xi, V x V xii, k il
l, +n il +vxE V v E |EiE
B EiE {`, +n V VE xjh
E ={*
v E { il =i{k E rxi
Vn, |hn, xn, ]]n* nJ E v E
=i{k E Vj rxi, ]* v E Exn, {i* Vn E |E-v, Vn il Yx*
+vh B rxi
=nE B VE-EiE =nEn (B.BS.
Mx, <.. ]), | B |n (Vx-+]x),
|ix B |ix +vi Ei E rxi (+.
xbC]), |E B |En (. xE), Sx
- |En (B.+. bC-=x)
xYxE x Yx
Ei - x Ci i, Ci B E
Ci, ]-Sj +vx*
i xYx E E
b.Bx. Vn, B.Bx. x, B.. n B
B.{. tl E |J Mnx*
Jb - n
x =n E V |h
b {lE, {lE, +] {lx { E x
x, <C] : {lE-Bxm{ <C] (V x)
il x B xm { { E x (Sx x),
xblx-|Mi B +|Mi, bM x,
{Bx (v x)- GMxx, Sb, Ob*
x il x (Bxm{b B{) E ixiE EE
+vx, Sx E |E, =v li E {h{
x EE + {ix-E{, nb, h
J il i{n + {ix E n
*
x +xE - I B Ij, EE
EE Vx, j B +rj EE Vx
E E, +xE E x, +xE E Gv,
xGh E |E-Vj, M Mx-| il
+|, Mhj il Vx-x il +x Mhj,
M G Sx- C<x], ]x il b=x
Ih, b.Bx.B. il +.Bx.B. E +vh*
x +xE E +vx +x E`x<,
x +xE E +xh E v-] +xE,
VxE +xE B EE +xE-V
v, v, B + H il { ]
E +xEi, +xE {, CxM*
E r il E
{ il Ij, E r E +vx E
v-+xnv, +E +xnv il +x|lE] v,
ni r, r |M, r, x E
r E +E {h ii, E{h, xx{h*
{liE
{ il Ij, x {lE ixj E z
|E, {h |nh, VE VxEE-{ il
Ij, VxEE {i-VxxH, ii B
Mhi*
7.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
1.
2.
3.
4.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(1)
(2)
(3)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
1.
2.
3.
4.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.