CONCEPTNOTEONCHANDIGARH&ITSREGION

1. HistoricalBackground
Soon after Partition, the need of a new Capital for the State of Punjab was felt. About 70 sq. km. of land between the rivulets PatialaChoe and SukhnaChoe were acquired asperaMasterPlandevelopedbyLeCorbusierwhichhadanumberofcontrolmechanisms such as architectural control, frame control, advertisement control and zoning to regulate development. In1966,PunjabStatewasreorganizedandChandigarhbecametheCapitalofPunjab &Haryanahavinganareaof70sq.km.and26adjoiningvillageswithanareaof44sq.km.a total of 114 sq. km. The reorganization led to building of new towns in the adjoining States like SAS Nagar (Mohali) and Panchkula and hence, the need for coordination in developmentwiththeStatesofPunjabandHaryanawasfelt. Due to large scale urbanization in and around Chandigarh, a number of planned interventions have already come up apart from SAS Nagar(Punjab), Panchkula (Haryana),Mansa Devi (Haryana) and Chandimandir Cantonment. These developments, by and large, may be seen as a fall out of the pressure on Chandigarh which has come up in a planned manner, however, around Chandigarh and within the periphery control area developmentshavecomeupinhaphazardmanner.Itwasalsodesiredthattheseweretobe contained and the future urbanizable area needs to be developed in a planned and orderly mannerinconsonancewiththeoverallurbancharacterofChandigarh.

2.

LegislativeFrameworkforPlannedDevelopmentofChandigarhUT
ThePunjabNewCapital(Periphery)ControlAct,1952 Ever since, Chandigarh was planned, designed and implemented in the early fifties, therewereconcernsfortheplannedandregulateddevelopmentaroundthecity. ThePeripheryControlActviz.,PunjabNewCapital(Periphery)ControlAct,1952was enacted in order to control haphazard development around Chandigarh. The Act extended to the area within a distance of 5 miles (8 km) on all sides from the outer

boundary of the land acquired for Chandigarh. Subsequently, the Act was amended in1957&1962toenlargetheperipherytocoveranareaupto10miles(16km). The Capital of Punjab (Development and Regulation) Act, 1952 (Punjab Act No.27of1952) While the construction of the New Capital of Punjab at Chandigarh was in progress, it was considered necessary to vest with the State Government legal authority to regulate the sale of building sites and to promulgate building rules on the lines of Municipal Byelaws so long as a properly constituted local body does not take over theadministrationofthecity. The Act, extends to the City of Chandigarh and covers the areas of the site of the Capital of Punjab as notified by the Government of Punjab before 1st November, 1966 and to such areas as may be notified by the Central Government from time to time. As far as Chandigarh UT is concerned, there is no comprehensive Town and Country Planning Act. In the absence of enabling legislation a statutory Master PlanforChandigarhUThasnotyetbeenprepared.

3.

ReviewofEffortsofPlannedDevelopmentofChandigarh
LeCorbusierPlan Le Corbusiers Plan is perceived more as a plan with strong architectural

connotations. Strictly speaking the plan is not a typical Master Plan which gives the details of existing sectorwise situational analysis, existing and proposed landuse analysis and detailed assessment of infrastructure facilities and services. The planning of Chandigarh is a departurefromthewayIndiancitieshadbeenplannedanddevelopedinthepast. Le Corbusiers layout of the city conformed to the CIAMs Charter of Athens Analogy of Human Organism incorporating elements of living, work, culture and leisure. The plan

waspreparedforanultimatepopulationof5lakhtobedevelopedintwophases.Sector1to 30asfirstphaseandsectors31to47assecondphase. Chandigarh has been planned with focus on urban design, architectural aesthetics, preservation of natural environment, conservation of buildings and open spaces, hierarchical road network with large roundabouts etc. However, keeping in view the changing scenario in terms of development of Chandigarh and its surroundings, its population growth rate has exceeded 4 % during 198191 and 19912001 and the city has crossedthemillionplusmarkandhasapopulationof10.05lakhin2011signifyingslowing downthepopulationwithdecadalgrowthrateof17%(20012011). With the limited area of 114 sqkm, it is anticipated that inspite of slowing down of population growth, there would be tremendous pressure on infrastructure/ facilities which was not visualized at the time of Le Corbusier Plans as the same was planned for an ultimate population of 5 Lakh. The Plan did not take into consideration the dynamics of urbanchangeandspilloverofthedevelopmentsbeyondthecitylimits. Chandigarh was planned as low rise, low density, dividing the human functions into work, living and leisure, and the city with its strict zoning reflects this. This was against the psyche of urban dwellers of the traditional Indian cities which used to be characterized by aninner(old)cityfollowedbytheexpansion/accretionofthecitylimitswhichcameupina somewhat planned manner. Le Corbusier replaced the native Indian town plan with superblockstotallydivorcedfromideasaboutcomplexandvibrantIndiancities. The Plan catered largely to the administrative needs of the Capital of Punjab and Haryanaafter1966.Initially,itneverhaditsowneconomicbaseandcouldnotdevelopasa hub of industry or a trading centre. However, with ample government grants/funds being available on account of its Union Territory status, Chandigarh was able to retain its architectural ambienceand as suchit never had problems of provision of infrastructure and basicservices.

65% of the total area of Chandigarh is under residential and commercial use. It eventually emerged as an individualistic city that catered only to the residents within the city rather than having effective connectivity with the surrounding towns. Le Corbusiers Planwasintracitycentricanddidnotemphasizeontheintercitylinkages. Le Corbusier thought of regulated development in and around the periphery of Chandigarh and perceived a 16 km periphery (earlier 8 km) which he envisaged as green buffer.However,withlimitedgeographicalspreadof114sqkm,thecityisunabletotakeon the burden of the influx of migrants and hence in the absence of effective enforcement in the periphery, the area has witnessed growth and unplanned development virtually contrarytotheplanningprinciplesofChandigarh. Chandigarh, being one of the well planned cities also did not take into consideration the needs of the informal sector and slums. The way it was planned, it was never thought, that the city may encounter the problem of slums. LeCorbusiers vision of Chandigarh could not have included new Sectors 48 to 56, the township of Manimajra and slums that came up duetoincreaseinnumberofmigrantstothecity. Le Corbusier planning has put Planners in a dilemma, whether it would be appropriate to change the cityscape or to retain its character. The Periphery Control Act, 1952 and The Building Regulations, 1952, were framed to ensure that Chandigarh grew systematically.However,withnumerousamendments,constructionactivitiesincreasedand residents resorted to transformation not necessarily in consonance with the Le Corbusier Plan. Further, in order to accommodate changes and increased infrastructure burden, any attempt to widen the existing roads, redesigning the rotaries to take care of traffic volume, allowing construction of additional floors and group housing (apartments) and proposing Mass Rapid Transit System may not only permanently alter the cityscape but also the city mayloseitsoriginalbuiltform. (ThePlanpreparedbyLeCorbusierisgivenatAnnexureIII)

3.1 Constitution of Coordination Committee To guide and channelize the growth of Chandigarh and the urban centres coming up in its neighbourhood, the Government of India set up a Coordination Committee on26thJuly,1975.TheCompositionoftheCommitteewas:
1. 2 3. 4. 5. Secretary, Ministry of Works and Housing General Officer in Command, 2 Corps, Ministry of Defense Chief Commissioner, Chandigarh Chief Secretary, Punjab Chief Secretary, Haryana Chairman Member Member Member Member

The terms of the reference of the Coordination Committee are: a) To study the development plans of the Union Territory of Chandigarh and those of Mohali and Panchkula townships and to suggest measures for coordinated development of region; to assess the impact of the development programmes already implemented and those being implemented in the two townships; on the development of the region as a whole and to suggest remedial measures to be taken by the State Governments and the Union Territory; and to prepare an outline regional plan for Chandigarh and the urban areas falling within its zone of influence.

b)

c)

So far 22meetings of the Coordination Committee have been held since 1975. The last meeting of the Committee was held on 1st September, 2011. Until now the role of Coordination Committee has been more of an advisory nature to co-ordinate amongst the States and UT.

InterStateRegionalPlanforChandigarhRegion2001 The Inter State Regional Plan for Chandigarh Region(ISCR2001) was prepared by

TCPO in 1984 based on the outcome of the Fourth Coordination Committee meeting held on 22nd May, 1979. The Committee felt that there was a need for structuring a Regional PlanforChandigarhInterStateRegion(ChandigarhISR)andtogiveastatutoryshapetothe exercise. A Working Group was constituted in 1981 under the Chairmanship of Chief Planner,TCPOforitsformulation.AnInterimReportoftheChandigarhISRPlanpreparedby the Working Group was presented in the 7th Coordination Committee meeting held on 1st March,1983.InthismeetingabroadconsensuswasarrivedatonadoptionoftheRegional Plan, which has to form the basis for preparation of more detailed Regional Plans by the respectiveStateGovernmentsandtheUTofChandigarh. Highlights: InterState Regional Plan covered the UT Chandigarh and areas around it comprising of Rupnagar and Patiala districts in Punjab, Ambala district in Haryana and Solan district in HimachalPradesh. The total area of the ISCR 2001 was 2421.3 sqkm with an average radius of about 35 km from the core of Chandigarh (Chandigarh UT + Chandigarh Urban Complex + 16 Km radius Periphery control Area + Someportionsbeyondthe16kmradiusinPunjab,HaryanaandHP). (theISCR2001PlanisgivenatAnnexureIV) TheISCR2001coveredthefollowing: (i) DelineationofRegion (ii) SocioEconomic status of the Region and Levels of Development (iii) SettlementPattern (iv) Regionalproblemsandlimitations (v) Growthpotentials (vi) RegionalDevelopmentpolicyandcontrol (vii) RegionalDevelopmentstrategy (viii) DevelopmentActionprogrammesandpriorities (ix) Financialoutlay

ISR Plan 2001, as a policy framework stressed on the integrated and coordinated development in the entire region and recommended policiespertainingto: a) Industrialdevelopment b) Ruraldevelopment c) TradeandCommerce d) DecentralizationofGovernmentandSemigovernmentoffices fromChandigarh e) ConservationofEnvironmentandEcology f) Housing ISR Plan 2001 as a part of Regional Development Strategy, recommended the following settlement hierarchy which were to be developedaspertheirpotential: Orders FirstOrder SecondOrder ThirdOrder FourthOrder FifthOrder SixthOrder SeventhOrder SettlementUnits ChandigarhUrbanComplex RegionalTowns SubRegionalTowns GrowthCentres SubGrowthCentres FocalVillages BasicVillages Numbers 1 10 4 10 10

ISCR2001 was advisory in nature. The Plan was not implemented as there was no enabling provision for notification and implementation of Regional Plan. Hence,theplanwasanonstarter.

ChandigarhInterStateMetropolitanRegionalPlan2021(CISMeR): The Chandigarh InterState Metropolitan Region Plan 2021 was prepared by Prof.

E.F.N Ribeiro. In the 14th meeting of the Coordination Committee, a presentation of this was made by Prof. Ribeiro, which highlighted the need for preparing a Plan in the metropolitancontext.However,therewasnofurtherfollowupinthemattersubsequentto the14thmeetingoftheCoordinationCommittee. Highlights ChandigarhInterStateMetropolitanRegionPlanproposeddevelopmentinSixLayers.
Layer LayerI LayerII LayerIII LayerIV Area 43sqkm 27sqkm 44sqkm 435sqkm Remarks Original planned and designed part of Chandigarh PhaseII:Sector3147 Original planned but not designed part ofChandigarh Sector4856 Partofold8Kmperipheralbeltof1952 ChandigarhMetropolitanComplex Outside Layer IIII in lieu of the 1975 Chandigarh Urban Complex outside ChandigarhUTinPunjabandHaryana. 16 km Peripheral Control belt in OutsideLayerIIV HaryanaandPunjab Radiusof50kmbeyondlayerI&II 10 tehsils (4 in Punjab, 3 in Haryana & 3inHimachalPradesh LayerIVI Constituents PhaseI:Sector130

LayerV LayerVI Total Area

613sqkm 4158sqkm 5702sqkm

ThetotalareaoftheCISMeR2021wasproposedas5702sqkm. CISMeR2021,Proposalsfordevelopment:
Planninganddevelopmentproposal LayerItobepreservedasperitsoriginalcharacter Layer II to be preserved as per its original character, however 4 urbanisedvillagesaretobeincluded Layer I + II + III planned development to accommodate 13 lakh populationby2021 Punchkula+Mansadevi+Mohali+Kharar 16kmPeripheralControlbeltinHaryanaandPunjab OutsidePeripheryControlAreaof16kms

Layer DesignedforPopulation LayerI 3lakh LayerII 5lakh LayerIII 13lakh

LayerIV 12lakh LayerV LayerVI Around38lakhby2021

CISMeR2021broadlycomprisedofthreeintegratedplans: a) Aconcept(advocacy)planforproposedCISMeR(4158.17sqkm)PlanA1 b) A Structure plan for the proposed Chandigarh Metropolitan Complex (CMC) withinCISMeR(435.00sqkm)PlanB1 c) Abroad Landuse Plan for Chandigarh UT outside its identified Master Plan Area but within CMC (44 sqkm) Plan C1 (the CISMeR2021 Plan is given at AnnexureV)
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CISMeR aimed at preserving and protecting the city of Chandigarh through planned interventions in surrounding areas. It envisaged Chandigarh to emerge as a major metropolitanmagnetwithnationalandinternationallinkages.Inthelongrun,itisessential that planned development of the periphery and areas beyond should also be undertaken and the entire Chandigarh Interstate Metropolitan Region needs to emerge as a region which not only ensures generating economic momentum but redistribution of population,employment and development of villages and small and medium towns. However,somepointsneedtobehighlightedinrespectofCISMeR. The CISMeRPlan would be feasible only if it takes into account the ground realities andtheneeds/requirementsoftheUTofChandigarhandthesurroundingstatesofPunjab, Haryana and Himachal Pradesh. The entire region poses complex and dynamic issues which donotprovideasimpleandsingularsolution.Therefore,theplanmustlayemphasisonthe optimum development of the entire region, so that over a period of time, the adjoining towns of Punjab Haryana and Himachal Pradesh attain such status which is at par with Chandigarh. It has been mentioned in the CISMerPlan, that the population of northern sectors (Layer I) shall be 2.5 3.0 Lakh by 2021 and the corresponding population in the southern sectors (Layer II) shall be 2.5 5 Lakh. This is doubtful, whether the redensification of the Layer II to such an extent would be desirable as there already exists a higher level of population density in this area. This may lead to excessive burden on the infrastructure of Mohali. Further, the location of the rehabilitation colonies in the border sectors of ChandigarhadjoiningMohaliisboundtoadverselyaffectthedevelopedsectors. The CISMeR Plan suggests that a new settlement with a population of 2 lakh may be developed in Siswan region. In this context, it may be mentioned that the region falls in ecologically sensitive area. Hence, the location of new settlement may lead to ecological imbalance.

The Plan also focuses on the agricultural zone on the west side bordering UT Chandigarh.However,thiszoneishighlypronetohaphazardandunplannedgrowth.Hence, stepsneedtobetakenforplannedurbandevelopment. It has been mentioned that the areas on the west and northwest of Chandigarh are highly fertile and not appropriate for urbanization. However, before going for planned urbanizationitisessentialtoascertainbarrenorwastelandwhichisnotusedforcultivation andwhichmaybeconsideredforplannedurbanization. The layer concept as advocated by CISMeR Plan may be too simplistic to offer a solution and may not be in consonance with the ground realities. In fact the objective shouldbetointegratetheexistingdevelopmentandprovidegroundsforplannedgrowthof the region with a complete consensual framework which should take care of infrastructure needsparticularlyintermsoftransportandcommunicationnetwork. The CISMeR Plan should have included carrying capacity of the entire region and how the population redistribution shall take place among the other settlements in the regionsoastoultimatelyreducetheburdenonChandigarh. Thegrowthofurbansettlementsisarealtimephenomenonandthedevelopmentof thesameisperceivedascentersofemploymentgeneration.Inmigrationtothesecentersis also a reality. As proposed in the CISMeR Plan, the periphery is to be used only for agricultural purposes; this may not augur well with the planned development and may be vulnerabletohaphazardgrowth,encroachmentandunauthorizeddevelopment.Thus,there is a need to create and upgrade infrastructure facilities with low density of population without compromising environmental considerations and large scale conversion of fertile land. CISMer Plan has mentioned about the effectivetransportation links with Chandigarh to all the settlements of the region. In this regard, it may be mentioned that a plan for ring roadaroundChandigarhmaybetakenuptobypassthethroughtraffic.
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Chandigarh has always been seen as planned city. Le Corbusiers vision did not include new sectors of 48 to 56 and physical development beyond the periphery. Hence a Regional Plan exercise should be undertaken on the lines of the National Capital Regional Plan and there is a need for institutional mechanisms to manage and coordinate development.ThisoughttohaveformedpartofCISMeRPlan. ThebasicapproachofChandigarhbeingtreatedasametropolisandthensuggesting a regional strategy to achieve the objective of decentralized planned growth of entire hinterland needs a review. Judging from the success / failure of NCR plan, CISMeR should havesuggestedstrategiesforbalancedregionaldevelopment. Suggesting concept of layers may also lead to stratification of development of the cityandregion.However,thegrowthofChandigarhandthesurroundingtownsneedstobe seenasanintegratedurbanagglomeration. Housing 5 lakh population in layer III will involve a very high density and may not be sustainable unless the periphery is urbanized. Further, assigning 2.5 lakh population in Sectors 4856 appears to be on a high side. It would make this part of Chandigarh highly congested;devoidofbasicofamenitiesandfacilities.Thepopulationassignmentforvarious layersneedstobereworked. The CISMeR Plan basically reflects the issue of growth and development of the region in the physical terms only. It does not reflect the financial implications of implementing the proposal in broad terms and also mechanisms for resource generation to meet the objectives of this CISMeR Plan. Hence, it needs to reflect the magnitude of financialoutlaysformakingitmorecomprehensive. CISMeRPlandoesnottakeintoaccounttheimpactofgrowthanddevelopmentdue to the policy decisions of the State Governments to develop free enterprise zone, industrial complexes and SEZs, etc. An impact assessment analysis needs to be done on account of newdevelopmentscomingupinandaroundChandigarh.
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The concept of urbanizing villages falling within the Master Plan area needs to be critically reviewed due to massive uncontrolled, unauthorized and haphazard development in these villages. Development in these villages needs to be brought within the overall developmentframeworkwiththerulesfordevelopmentclearlydefined. Evolving a physical framework for integrated planned growth and development for Chandigarh, SAS Nagar and Panchkula would be crucial in view of the linkages, housing, infrastructure and high degree of interdependence of these settlements. Future urban structure and population of these settlements needs clear definition in order to avoid unlimitedgrowthofthecorearea. The CISMeR Plan was submitted by Prof. Riberio in 2000, however, there was no furtherfollowup.

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4 EnablingLegisla 4. ativeProv visionforPreparatio P onofMas ster/Regio onalPlans s

CO OMPARATIVE ESTATEMENT TOFPROVISIO ONFOR PREPA ARATIONOFREGIONALPL LAN/MASTER RPLAN

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5.0NeedforanInterStateRegionPlanforChandigarh
InordertoensureorderlyandplanneddevelopmentinChandigarhanditsperiphery andtheregionbeyondtheperiphery,thereisutmostneedtoprepareanInterStateRegion Plan for Chandigarh Region. Barring, the Punjab Regional and Town Planning Development Act, 1995 there is no provision for preparation of regional plan in the legislative framework forplanneddevelopmentinChandigarhorHaryana. ChandigarhU.T.presentsfewoptionsfordevelopmentofresidentialareasandother areas generating economic activities. One possibility may be redensification of certain areas to accommodate the future population in U.T. However, any redensification policy should not compromise with overall low rise low density development pattern and architecturalcharacterofthecity. In view of this, the periphery has not only to absorb population pressure but also infrastructureburden.Duetoineffectiveenforcement,barringMohaliandPanchkula,many settlements have come up in an unplanned manner. In order to ensure sustainable development of the Chandigarh periphery, it would be imperative that the development strategiesneedtobedrawnupatregionallevelmuchbeyondtheareasofperiphery. The InterState Region Plan for Chandigarh has to be prepared to achieve balanced and sustainable integrated development which should focus on connectivity / transport linkages between the towns in the region, land use policies, carrying capacity, environmental conservation, disaster management and financial and institutional framework.Theinterstateregionalplanmaybepreparedfora20yearperspective.

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5.

Modalities
The InterState Region Plan of Chandigarh would cut across the boundaries of

Chandigarh UT, Punjab, Haryana and Himachal Pradesh. Hence, formulating the same on the lines of the National Capital Region Plan is desirable. In order to enable this, following actionsandinitiativesneedconsideration: S.No. Action
1.

Initiative

Enactment of Chandigarh Chandigarh Administration needs to prepare draft Bill and RegionPlanningAct sendtoMinistryofHomeAffairs,forconsideration. Chandigarh Once the Bill is considered and cleared by Parliament, after obtaining the consent of the State Legislative Assemblies of Haryana, Punjab and Himachal Pradesh, the UT of Chandigarh Administration needs to constitute Chandigarh Region Planning Board on the lines of National Capital Region PlanningBoardwithsoundprofessionalsetup.

2.

Constitution

of

RegionPlanningBoard

3.

Preparation RegionPlan

of

Chandigarh The Chandigarh Region Plan will have to be prepared as per the provisions of Chandigarh Region Planning Act. Further the issueofdownwardlinkagesuptotheGramPanchayatlevelwill have to be addressed by constituting District Planning Committee and preparation of Draft District Development PlansofthedistrictswithintheRegion.

4.

Implementation of Chandigarh The States of Punjab, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh and UT RegionPlan AdministrationofChandigarhshallimplementtheproposalsof theRegionPlanandaccordinglymonitorprogress.

6.

TermsofReferenceforPreparationofChandigarhInterStateRegionPlan2031.
The broad terms of reference for preparation of Chandigarh InterState Regional

Plan2031maybeasunder: (i) To delineate the InterState Chandigarh Region and assess the development pattern. (ii) To assess the physical base, economic base, demographic pattern, settlement patternandavailabilityofphysicalandsocialinfrastructure.
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(iii)

TocarryoutLandSuitabilityAnalysisforurbandevelopmentandtoassesstheland availability for perspective year for various uses. Landuse a such as conservation areas(NaturalandManmadeincludingheritagesites),primeagriculturalareasfor food security and agrarian economy, environmentally sensitive areas, waste land, etc. to be identified and after this development may be proposed in the Region dependingupontherequirementandpotentialfordevelopment.

(iv)

To examine the transportation needs and recommend the strategies for the reliable,efficientandseamlesstransportnetworkfortheRegion

(v)

To integrate infrastructure requirement and environment concerns together with landusepatternandtransportation.

(vi)

To identify appropriate policy zones based on the predominant economic activities andpotentialintheregionandsubregions

(vii)

To recommend suitable strategies for the sustainable development of the region based on population forecasting and assessment of the regional infrastructure requirements.

(viii)

To develop policy guidelines for decentralization of economic activities, development of settlements based on hierarchy and redistribution of population thereofintheregion.

7.

To suggest appropriate institutional mechanism for coordination among the concerned StatesandChandigarhU.T.Administration,PlanningZonesofChandigarh

AsperthesuggestionofNCRPlanningBoard,theChandigarhInterStateRegionmay bedividedinto3PlanningZones: Zone1 : This zone maybe the Mother City i.e.,Chadigarh city (114 sqkm) Master Plan Zone2 : This zone maybe designated as Central Chandigarh Region (CCR), to be coterminouswithPeripheryControlBelt. Zone3 : This zone maybe designated as Rest of the Chandigarh Region, for which theboundarymaybedefinedafterdelineationstudyCISRPlan
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8.

ConstitutionofWorkingGroup The Chandigarh U.T. Administration may take necessary action to constitute Sub Groups on the lines of Working Groups constituted for the NCR Plan 2021 so as to provide inputs towards the preparation of Chandigarh Interstate Regional Plan, 2031.TheSubGroupsmaybefor: (1) (2) (3) (3) (4) (5) (7) (8) (9) PolicyZones, DemographicProfileandSettlementPattern, LandAcquisition,ManagementandRealEstateDevelopment LanduseandRuralDevelopment, PhysicalInfrastructure, UtilityandServiceInfrastructure, EnvironmentincludingHeritageandTourism, InstitutionalFramework EconomicandFiscalPolicy

Based on the inputs of the SubGroups, the Chandigarh Interstate Region Plan, 2031may be prepared. The experts for SubGroups may be experts in Urban and Regional Planning who are well versed with the ground realities of Chandigarh Region.

Town and Country Planning Organization (TCPO) will render technical assistance as andwhenrequired.

9.

NeedfortheChandigarhMasterPlan
So far, there is no statutory Master Plan for Chandigarh mainly due to absence of

provisions for preparing the same in the Periphery Control Act and Punjab New Capital Territory Development Act. Hence, the first and foremost task would be either to amend these Acts to incorporate enabling provisions for the preparation of Master Plan or frame a comprehensive Town and Country Planning Act for Chandigarh UT which should have the provision for preparation of Master Plan/Zonal Plan. In this regard, Department of Urban Planning, UT of Chandigarh may attempt drafting of Town and Country Planning Act and

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send the same for consideration of Ministry of Home Affairs. The main reasons for the requirementofastatutoryMasterPlanarehighlightedasunder: Chandigarh City with an area of 114 Sq. km offers very limited land for future development. Due to limited scope for horizontal growth, it is obvious that to accommodate the future requirement, development needs to be vertical. However, keeping in view the overall architectural character of the city, it is very much essential to prepare Master Plan so as to not only accommodate future requirementsbutalsostrikeabalancebetweentheexistingandproposedbuiltform andnaturalenvironment. In view of inevitable inmigration to the city of Chandigarh, the existing infrastructure is likely to be strained and there would be spillover of development beyondthelimitsofthecity.Theperipheralareasofthecityhavealreadywitnessed largescaledevelopments. ThedevelopmentofChandigarhcannotbeviewedinisolation.Itisintrinsicallylinked withtheperipheryandthesatellitetownsofMohali,PanchkulaandMansaDeviand beyond. Hence, it is pertinent to initiate a comprehensive Master Plan exercise which should makedetailedanalysisofdemography,availability/mismatchofprovisionofphysical and social infrastructure and existing land use. Based on this analysis, the Master Planneeds to come up with long term strategies for sustainable development of Chandigarh.

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10.

Modalities:
TheMasterPlanforChandigarhneedstofocusthefollowingTermsofReference(TOR). (i) TostudythedevelopmentpatternofChandigarh. (ii) To present the situational analysis of demographic profile, environment, urban aesthetics, socioeconomic base, landuse and provision of physical infrastructure andsocialamenities. (iii) ToanalyzetheholdingcapacityofChandigarhanditsperipherywithreferenceto a20yearperspective. (iv) To examine the existing development control regulations and suggest amendments, , in view of the existing and future development and checking unplannedgrowth. (v) To recommend a comprehensive development strategy both short and long term indicating sectoral priorities, financial implications and implementation framework.

It may be stated that Department of Urban Planning, UT Chandigarh, has already takenstepstoprepareDraftMasterPlanforChandigarh2031.However,inordertogive statutory backing to the Master Plan, provisions will have to be incorporated in the existing legal framework for the planned development or a comprehensive Town and CountryPlanningActhastobeenacted.

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AnnexureI
StrengthsandWeaknessesofNCRPlanningBoardAct,1985 Strengths: (i) As per the provisions of clause (1) of article 252 of the Constitution, resolutions have been passed by all the Houses of the legislature of the States of Haryana, Uttar Pradesh and Rajasthan to the effect that the matters be regulated in those States by the ParliamentbyLaw. TheNCRPlanningBoardAct,1985hasbeenenactedbytheParliament. Under Section 27 the Act has the overriding effect not withstanding anything inconsistent therewith content any other law for the time being in force or in any instrument having effect by virtue of any law other than this Act; or in any decree or orderofanycourt,tribunalorotherauthority. NCR Planning Board is a high powered Board chaired by Union Minister of Urban Development and concerned Union Ministers, Chief Ministers and Ministers of Urban Development Departments of NCR participating states and other senior officers are members.

(ii) (iii)

(iv)

Weaknesses: (i) NCR Planning Board has no power for implementation of the Regional Plans policies and proposals. SubRegional Plan for the respective constituent Subregions have to be prepared by the respective State Governments. The responsibility for implementation of SubRegional PlanslieswiththerespectiveStategovernments. There is no time frame for preparation and finalization of SubRegional Plan and FunctionalPlan. NoprovisionintheActforapprovaloftheSubRegionalPlansbytheNCRPlanningBoard. TheStategovernmentssubmittheSubRegionalPlanstotheNCRPBtoenabletheBoard toensurethatsuchPlanisinconformitywiththeRegionalPlan. The policies and proposals are to be translated into action on the ground through the Master / Development Plans. There is no provision for preparation of Master/Development Plans in accordance with the policies and proposals of Regional PlanandnoprovisionforapprovaloftheMaster/DevelopmentPlansbytheNCRPB.

(ii)

(iii)

(iv)

(v)

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 ActivityChart/WorkPlan EnactmentofActDraftingofBills &Legislations ConstitutionofChandigarhRegion PlanningBoard WorkingGroup/HighLevel Committeetooverseeentire exercise

AnnexureII

StudyonDelineationofthe Region

Constitution of Consultancy Review CommitteeforResearchStudies: ExistingLanduse Demographic&Settlement pattern Transport Economicprofile Water Sewerage Solidwastemanagement Power Health Education Environment Heritage&Tourism

PreparationofDraftRegionalPlan

FinalRegionalPlan

SubRegionalPlans FunctionalPlanforRegional Infrastructure Master/DevelopmentPlans

ProjectPlans

Master / Dev. Plans

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AnnexureIII

LeCorbusiersPlanforCHANDIGARH

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AnnexureIV
ISCRPlanforChandigarhRegion2001

AnnexureV
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25

26

27

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