PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF SEIZURE: NERVOUS SYSTEM

ETIOLOGY FACTORS
- an electrical disturbance in the nerve cells in one section of the brain, causing (hypoxemia, them to emit abnormal, recurring, uncontrolled, injury, electrical discharges infections, conditions,

PREDISPOSING
- idiopathic (genetic, developmental defects) - acquired vascular insufficiency, fever (childhood), head hypertension, CNS metabolic and toxic brain tumor, drug and

alcohol ithdra al, and allergies)

CELLULAR/ METABOLIC CHANGES PHYSIOLOGIC MANIFESTATION

- hen the integrity of the neuronal cell sensations, pallor, membrane is altered, the cell begins firing flushing, goose flesh ith increased frequency and amplitude! pupillary dilation, "hen the intensity discharges reaches the and tachypnea! threshold, the neuronal firing spreads to

GROSS ANATOMICAL PHYSICAL CHANGES

- involuntary movements may spread centrally and involve the entire limb, including one side of the face and lo er extremities! the client also may exhibit changes in posture or spo#en utterances - epigastric s eating, (piloerection), tachycardia,

adjacent neurons, ultimately resulting to sei$ure! %nhibitory neurons in epilepsy have slo neuronal firing in the cortex, anterior thalamus, and basal ganglia! &nce the inhibitory processes develop or the epileptogenic neurons are exhausted, the sei$ure stops then later events depress the CNS activity and impair consciousness

TONIC PHASE: - fall, loss of consciousness, yell or 'tonic cry(, focal abnormalities, extension of arms, legs, and+or face, fingers and ja clenched! ,-.&N&)%C S/)0.&)S location of the include increase in blood pressure, heart rate and bladder pressure, flushing, s eating, so that the increased salivation and bronchial secretion, be removed and apnea CLONIC PHASE: - muscles relax completely, then muscle tone returns hich causes rhythmic jer#ing of head and body! POST-ICTAL PHASE: - biting of the tongue, chee# or lip, and urinary incontinence are common

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS

LABORATORY FINDINGS
- )*% may detect lesions in the brain, and cerebral degenerative changes - 112 may allo diagnosis of the type and occurring sei$ure! - S01C. may identify the epileptogenic $one area in the brain giving rise to sei$ures can surgically!

SEIZURE

3ypoxic brain damage and mental retardation may follo repeated sei$ures 4epression and anxiety may develop! 5ong-term social isolation may also occur

COMPLICATIONS