TRUYN THNG A PHNG TIN

1, Tn s c bn Dng sng gm 2 phn : phn gn ging nhiu (bin bin i ngu nhin ) v thnh phn c tnh chu k (tn hiu lp li gn nh tun hon ) Gi tr tn s c bn 80- 200 Hz 150-450 Hz 200-600 Hz Ngi ni Nam gii Ph n Tr em

Formant Ph tn hiu ting ni mi nh c bin sm nht xt trong 1 khong no (cc i cc b) tng ng vi 1 formant. Ngoi tn s, formant c xc nh bi bin v di thong ca chng. Formant tng ng vi cc tn s cng hng . Tn s formant bin i trong 1 khong rng ph thuc vo gii tnh ca ngi ni v ph thuc vo cc dng m v tng ng vi formant . 2, Ly mu v lng t ha - Ti sao lng t ha li mt d liu ? Khi chng ta lng t ha th bc u tin l ly mu. Mi mu l 1con s c gi tr v hn nn khng th dng n gi i c . Bt buc ta phi lm trn n v 1 mc qui nh . Sai s gia gi tr thc v mc qui nh to ra nhiu . Mu khng cn nguyn vn na nn d liu cng b mt l do nguyn nhn . Trong qu trnh lng t ha iu trn l bt buc nn vic mt d liu l khng th trnh khi . Chng ta ch c th hn ch ti a d liu khng b mt qu nhiu bng cch chia ra nhiu mc lng t sai s nh hn.

- T l tn hiu chia cho nhiu c goi la SNR

- Bn cnh nhiu sinh ra do tn hiu cn c nhiu do lng t ha gy ra

Nn d liu dng Lossless l cc nh dng nn d liu theo thut ton cho php cc d liu c th c ti to m khng b mt thng tin. Nn d liu dng Lossless tng phn vi nn d liu dng Lossy khi khng lm mt lng ln thng tin d liu. Mt v d n gin khc: bn c mt on d liu nh sau "fffffffuuuuuuuuuuuucc" v sau khi nn kiu Lossless n s thnh "f7u12c2". Nn d liu dng Lossy l dng nn ch cho php phc hi li mt phn d liu gc v th c th lm mt mt lng thng tin i li kh nng nn gim dung lng tt hn. Dng nn ny c s dng rt nhiu trong cc ng dng multimedia khc nhau c bit l khi s dng cc chc nng trc tuyn trn mng hay in thoi mng gip ci thin tc truyn ti. 3, Thy phn nh Watermarking l k thut giu d liu hin i, c nh ngh a l qu trnh chn thng tin vo d liu a phng tin nhng bo m ngi s dng khng cm th c, ngh a l ch lm thay i nh d liu gc.

S nhng v khi phc Watermaking:

S khi phc

NH S Khi nim nh s (Digital image) l nh c to nn t hng trm ngn cho n hng triu vung rt nh c gi l im nh (pixel).

g v nh s ha Mi im nh nm ti mt v tr nht nh, c c trng bi sng,chi v mu sc.

: - i rc v mt khng gian, lin tc v mt bin . - Mi pixel gm cp ta x,y v mu sc,ngi ta thng k hiu x,y) ch pixel. c th c -bit, 8-bit, 12-bit,16-bit, tr thng tin v mu sc nh. -bit, -bit lu thng

d nh mu -bit c ngh a l mi pixel cn -bit nh phn byte) lu tr mu sc th hin c bc mu trong mt pixel.

ud

chiu M,N)

nh s c biu din bi bng M l s d ng. N l s ct.

p ta M x N to nn phn gii ca nh,ta ni nh gm M x N pixel hay nh c phn gii M x N).

g u d l u

d g

g u

g v

g u

w e

- Trong giai on ch n watermarking vo nh th nh gc ost mage) c bin i n min no thun tin cho vic nhng d liu vo nh bng cc thut ton watermarking.

 1) Bo v quyn s hu (Copyright Protection) 2) Xc nhn thng tin nh v tnh trng nguyn vn d liu (Image Athentication and Data Integrity) 3) Ly du vn tay hay dn nhn (Fingerprinting and Labeling): 4) Theo di qu trnh s dng (Tracking): 5) Kim tra gi mo (Tamper Proofing): 6) Kim tra truyn tin (Broadcast Monitoring): 7) Truyn tin b mt (Concealed Communication): Bi tp Cho 1 chui k t S tm Humman Coding v Shannon-Fano < tm trong v >