Gii thiu chng trnh Packet Tracer

Chng trnh Packet Tracer c Cisco xy dng, h tr cho vic hc tp cu hnh cc thit b mng ca hng. Chng trnh h tr vic gi lp cc thit b: Router mng vi nhau, Switch b PC v cc servers. Ni dung nghin cu: kt ni cc ng , thit

l thit b tp trung kt ni cc my tnh, cc loi cp

Cch thit lp m hnh, thit b Cc mode hot ng ca Router t tn cho thit b Cch t a ch IP Cu lnh ping Xem cu hnh t password cho router

1. Thit lp m hnh mng nh hnh v:

Click vo hnh thit b Router bn tri, la thit b Router 2811 ko vo mn hnh trng.

Ta s c hnh nh bn di:

La chn thit b Switch

2950-24 ko vo mn hnh:

kt ni 2 thit b ny, ta chn vo biu tng cp kt ni

ni gia Router v Switch, ta chn cp thng Straigth Through

Khi chn loi cp thng, nhp vo thit b Router, mn hnh Packet Tracer s cho ta chn cng kt ni. y ta chn cng FastEthernet 0/0 ni vi Switch.

Sau khi chn cng Router, ta nhp vo Switch, ti Switch ta s chn cng FastEthernet 0/0

Ta s hnh thnh c 1 ng kt ni gia Switch v Router:

Chn mc End device, thm vo 1 Generic device tng trng cho 1 my tnh PC

Sau , ta cng kt ni gia my tnh v Switch s dng cp thng Trn my tnh chn cng FastEthernet, trn Switch chn cng FastEthernet 0/2

Ta c m hnh nh bn di:

Lm tng t, ta c th thm vo PC1 kt ni vo h thng:

2. Tm hiu cu hnh Router:

Nhp p (double click) vo thit b Router, ta c th thy c giao din vt l ca Router mt trc v mt sau. Ta c th thy m mt trc c 2 cng Fast Ethernet kt ni vi cc mng LAN, ngoi ra Router cn c cc module trng gn thm cc card phc v cho vic kt ni. Gi s y chng ta mun c thm cc cng Fast Ethernet, ta s gn thm card NM-

nhng bi sau ta s nghin cu vic gn thm card phc v cho vic kt ni. Nhp vo th CLI bt u thao tc cu hnh Router: Phn bn di l cc thng bo xut hin trong qu trnh khi ng ca Router:

Chng ta s thy mn hnh Router xut hin cu thng bo v ch:

V Router cha c cu hnh, giao din Router mun hi chng ta c mun tr gip cu hnh hay khng (thng qua vic tr li cc cu hi). y chng ta nhp no v s t cu hnh, khng cn s tr gip. Giao din cu hnh ca Router xut hin:

3. Cc mode lm vic ca Router:

Khi lm vic vi Router, chng ta c 3 mode lm vic chnh, th hin qua cc du nhc khc nhau trn mn hnh. Nu du nhc xut hin di dng: Router> : Chng ta ang User Exec Mode, y l mode lm vic n gin v t h tr cc thao tc cu hnh. Chng ta g cu lnh enable chuyn vo Privilege mode Router# : Chng ta ang Privilege, mode ny h tr vic xem cu hnh ca router, sao lu v phc hi cu hnh ca router, xem a ch IP ca cc cng Tuy nhin, mode ny cha h tr cc cu lnh thay i cu hnh ca Router. Chng ta g lnh configure terminal chuyn ln Global Config mode. Router(config)#: Chng ta ang Global Config mode, mode ny c th thay i cc cu hnh ca Router, thay i a ch IP ca cc cng Ghi ch: tr v mode trc ta g lnh exit. GVDH thc hnh hng dn sinh vin g lnh s dng phm TAB quen vi giao din ca Router.

4. Cu hnh t tn cho thit b:

Khi c nhiu thit b Router trong h thng, chng ta cn t tn trnh nhm ln. u tin, ta vo mode Global Config ca thit b router (ch con nhc vo ng mode)

Ti mode ny, ta g lnh hostname <Tn thit b> t tn mi cho Router, v d:

Ta thy thit b i t tn Router -> sang tn RouterHome Sinh vin c th t tn ty cho thit b ca mnh.

5. t a ch cho Router:
Router ni vi mng LAN (thng qua Switch) bng cng FastEthernet 0/0. Ta c th t a ch IP cho cng ny kt ni vi cc my tnh. Vic u tin, ta c th xem a ch IP hin c trn cc cng. ng ti mode Privilege, ta g cu lnh show ip interface brief

Ta thy Router ang c cng FastEthernet 0/0 v cng FastEthernet 0/1, c 2 cng ny mc IPAddress ang l unassigned, ngha l cha t a ch. Ta chuyn vo mode Global Config t a ch IP cho cng FastEthernet 0/0

ng ti mode Global Config, g lnh interface FastEthernet 0/0 vo cu hnh cng FastEthernet 0/0. Ghi ch: c th g ngn gn l int f0/0, Router vn c kh nng hiu. t a ch IP bng lnh: ip address <a ch ip> <subnet mask> V d:

y ta t a ch IP cho cng FastEthernet 0/0 l 192.168.1.1, subnet mask /24 Cu lnh no shutdown a cng vo trng thi hot ng, mc nh cng trng thi shutdown. Ta thy cu thng bo port FastEthernet chuyn trng thi sang up, sn sng hot ng Xem li thng tin cc port:

Ta t a ch IP cho cc my tnh, kim tra kt ni n router.

Ta s t a ch IP cho PC0 theo trn hnh l 192.168.1.2/24 Double click vo thit b PC0, bt ngun iu khin cho thit b

Chn th Desktop, mc IP Configuration

t a ch IP theo yu cu: V y ch lin h trong ni b 1 mng con, chng ta cha cn t default gateway

Vo muc Command Prompt, kim tra ping vi Router:

Ta thy qu trnh Ping thnh cng:

Kim tra ping t Router Quay tr li giao din CLI ca Router, ng ti mode Privilege thc hin cu lnh Ping

Lnh ping cho kt qu l du ! ngha l thnh cng, nu gp k hiu du . ngha l lnh ping tht bi

V d:

My 192.168.1.10 khng tn ti nn lnh ping tht bi Sinh vin lm tng t cho my PC1, kim tra kt ni bng lnh ping

6. Xem cu hnh ca Router:

xem li tt c cu hnh ca Router lm, chng ta dng lnh show running-config khi ti mode Privilege

Cu lnh ny gip xem li tt c nhng g cu hnh trn router, dng li sau mi mn hnh. Cc phm iu khin khi giao din show running-config: Enter: xem dng k tip Space bar: xem trang k tip Q: thot khi giao din xem cu hnh Trn router c 2 dng cu hnh: Running config: L cu hnh hin ti ca Router, lu trong RAM. Khi khi ng li thit b router, cu hnh ny s b mt Startup config: Cu hnh c lu tr li trn thit b NVRAM, khng b mt khi khi ng li router. y l cu hnh Router s dng mi khi khi ng xong. Thng thng, nu c s thay i trn running config, qun tr mng s lu running config vo startup config bng cu lnh copy privilege mode Router# copy running-config startup-config

7. t mt khu cho Router:

ngn ngi dng vo privilege mode, thay i cu hnh ta c th t password cho cc router. C 2 loi password ph bin: Enable password: Lu di dng clear text, c th c c khi show running-config

Enable secret: Password b m ha, khng th c c Khi c c 2 loi password ny, enable secret s c s dng. V d t enable password ng mode config, g lnh enable password Ra tr li mode privilege, sao lu cu hnh RouterHome# copy running-config startup-config Sau khi ng li Router: RouterHome# reload Khi tr v giao din User exec mode, mun vo privilege mode s b hi password:

Khi vo c privilege mode, chng ta c th dng show running-config xem c mt khu:

Tng t, t enable secret, ng ti config mode RouterHome(config)# enable secret bimat Lc ny, khi vo privilege mode, ta phi nhp password l bimat (enable secret), password ny u tin hn enable secret.

Khi vo xem running config, ta khng thy c enable secret password: