Cc phn b Rice, Rayleigh v Gauss: Mt bin ngu nhin Y l tng cc bnh phng ca n bin a_i c chung k vng v phng

sai zigma^2 s tun theo phn b Khi bnh phng (Khapa^2): pdf(y) = (1/2zigma^2).(y/s^2)^[(n-2)/4].exp[(s^2+y)/2zigma^2].I_(n/2-1)[sqrt(y).(s/zigma^2)], trong pdf = probability density function, cn s l tng bnh phng cc k vng ca cc bin a_i, I_k(x) l hm Bessel bin tng bc k loi 1. Trong trng hp n = 2 th bin A = sqrt(Y) c phn b tr thnh phn b Rice vi pdf: pdf_Rice(a) = (a/zigma^2).exp[(a^2+s^2)/2zigma^2].I_0(a.s/zigma^2), vi a>=0. V mt ngha vt l th bin A l ng bao ca tn hiu 2 chiu, a l tr ng bao tn hiu ti thi im xt nn a>=0. t K = s^2/2zigma^2, gi l h s Rice (lu rng v ngha vt l th K l t s cng sut thu c theo tia nhn thng LOS vi cng sut tng cng thu c ca tt c cc tia ph do phn x, tn x v khc x). Nu K ln hn 1 v nh hn 10 th ta c knh Rice, knh ny trong thc t thng gp ti cc micro cell, th d nh trong mt on ph khi ng-ten (thng l ng-ten Yagi) ca repeater t trn tng cc nh chc tri kiu Wall-street v pht dc theo ph, hoc gi trn dy treo n bo hiu giao thng gia ng t li c t omni-antenna pht cho c 4 ng ph, khi trn ph thng s c tia LOS v cc tia phn x tng/chng ngi. Nu K = 0 (khng c tia LOS, ch c cc tia ph) th phn b Rice tr thnh phn b Rayleigh, knh khi c gi l knh Rayleigh, tr ng bao tn hiu ti mt thi im quan trc no s l mt bin ngu nhin c phn b Rayleigh c pdf: pdf(a) = (a/sigma^2).exp[-a^2/2zigma^2] y l knh ti nht trong mi trng macro, thng gp trong cc macro cell trong mi trng urban hay dense-urban.

Nu K tin n v cng (xem l khng c cc tia ph, zigma tin n 0) th phn b Rice s tin n phn b Gauss. y l trng hp knh tt nht c th c, tc ng ca knh ch cn AWGN. Khi , A s c phn b Gaussian: pdf(a) = [1/sqrt(2Pi).zigma].exp(-[(a-muy)^2]/2zigma^2), vi muy l k vng ca tr ng bao tn hiu. Trong thc t, khi K ch cn rt ln, ch > 10, th knh c th xem l knh Gaussian ri. Knh ny ch c ngha nh benchmark trong thit k s b, v cng hn hu trong thc t cc h thng thng tin di ng, ch gp khi a hnh hon ton bng phng v t kh! Trong mi trng macro th ni chung knh Rayleigh l knh ti nht, iu ny gii thch ti sao trong bi ton tnh qu cng sut cho ng truyn (link budget calculation) thng gp vi cc k s thit k v ti u v tuyn ca cc mng di ng th bn cnh d tr pha-inh chm (slow fading margin) c phn b chun log, d tr pha-inh nhanh (l pha-inh gy bi multipath propagation) - fast fading margin - lun c tnh cho trng hp xu nht l knh Rayleigh (trng hp ny m cht lng knh/cht lng ph sng cn bo m th cc trng hp khc cng s bo m) m khng tnh cho knh Gauss hay knh Rice. Bn c th tm thy ci hnh v m t bi ton link budget calculation trong cc cun ca T. S. Rappaport (m anh nvqthinh cho ng link u trn 4R ny - y c l l mt trong cc cun vit hay nht, s phm nht, rt c bn v thng tin v tuyn di ng) hay trong chng 2 cun Mobile Radio Communications (Pentech Press, 1st ed., 1992) do Raymond Steele ch bin, chng 2 cun ny do D. Greenwood v Hanz Lajos vit, hoc n gin hn l trong tp bi ging v thng tin di ng m ti post ln u trn 4R ny ri.