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The Irrawaddy
Weekly

Journal

Vol.1, No.2, January 12 , 2014

NEWS & ANALYSIS

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News & Analysis

The Irrawaddy
Vol.1,No.3

Reform

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"mwfyHk -a*sydkif^The Irrawaddy

The Irrawaddy

The Irrawaddy
Vol.1, No. 2 January 12, 2014

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SPECIAL REPORT

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News & Analysis

The Irrawaddy
Vol.1,No.3

Cover Story

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The Irrawaddy

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The Irrawaddy
Vol.1,No.3

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News & Analysis

The Irrawaddy
Vol.1,No.3

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The Irrawaddy
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News & Analysis

The Irrawaddy
Vol.1,No.3

Regional

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News & Analysis

The Irrawaddy
Vol.1,No.3

ASEAN

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Vol.1,No.3

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10

News & Analysis

The Irrawaddy
Vol.1,No.3

Ethnics

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New Year

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News & Analysis 11

The Irrawaddy
Vol.1,No.3
Land Confiscation

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"mwfyHk -xufEdkifaZmf^The Irrawaddy

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Special Report

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pm-14

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pm-18

13

Politics

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{&m0wDr*Zif;wGif
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Dictators: A Story of Burmas Military
Rulers udk Edkifrif;oGif qDavsmfatmif

bmomjyefqdkygonf/

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{&m0wDowif;Xmeudk
wnfaxmifoljzpfonf/

14

Special Report

The Irrawaddy
Vol.1,No.3

Wildlife

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aiGaMu;jzifh tumuG,f,lvkyfudkifcJhrI rsm;pGm

Special Report 15

The Irrawaddy
Vol.1,No.3

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16

Special Report

The Irrawaddy
Vol.1,No.3

Human Rights

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aMu;aiGvnf; r&cJhygbl;/

Special Report 17

The Irrawaddy
Vol.1,No.3

ra';uRef;ay:rS pDrHudef;vkyfief;cGifwck/

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owif;rsm; a&;om;vsuf&Sdonf/

18

Special Report

The Irrawaddy
Vol.1,No.3

"mwfyHk -

The Irrawaddy

Peace

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taMumif;jycsufjzifh jrefrmtpdk;&ppfwyfrsm;

Special Report 19

The Irrawaddy
Vol.1,No.3

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22

Business

The Irrawaddy
Vol.1,No.3

Petroleum

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24

Business

The Irrawaddy
Vol.1,No.3

Tourism

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Business 25

The Irrawaddy
Vol.1,No.3

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26

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27

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29
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31
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"mwfyHk -a*sydkif^The Irrawaddy

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jrefrmEdkifiHom;rsm; OD;pD;BuD;Muyf
t*Fvdyfbmomjzifh xkwfa0jzefYcsdaom
The Irrawaddy r*Zif;udk
EdkifiHwumESifh jynfwGif;wGif
rSm,l zwfI Edkifygonf/

Opinion
EDITORIAL

The Irrawaddy
Weekly Journal

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tav;teuf,kHMunfygonf/

t,f'DwmcsKyf
wm0efcHt,f'Dwm
t,f'Dwm (EdkifiHa&;)
t,f'Dwm (Lifestyle)
t,f'DwmtzGJUtD;ar;vf

atmifaZmf
&Jenf? cufxef
omvGefaZmif;xuf
at;csrf;ajrh
editor.journal@irrawaddy.org

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http://burma.irrawaddy.org

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http://irrawaddy.org

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http://video.irrawaddy.org

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http://blog.irrawaddy.org

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pm-34

jynfolawGudk awmif;yef&r,f (2)

pm-36

33

Society

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34

Opinion

The Irrawaddy
Vol.1,No.3

Editorial Cartoon

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ATH

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udp& yfawGukd oufqikd &f m rJqEe,fy,fawGrmS
jyefvnfaqG;aEG;wifjyEdkifatmif tcsdef vHkvHk
avmufavmuf &zdv
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kd yfygw,f/ ]]usaemfwu
Ykd
udp&yf u? c? * awGrSm tavQmhay;&r,f/
'gayr,hf usaemfwdkYu udp&yf C? i eJY p rSm
awmh jyef&p&m&Sdygw,f/ udp&yf C? i eJY p
awGu usaemfwdkYtwGuf tvGef ta&;BuD;yg
w,f/ 'gaMumihfusaemfwdkYu u? c eJY * udk pGefY
vTwfvdkufMu&atmif}} ponfjzihf jyef&Sif;jyEdkif

Opinion 35

The Irrawaddy

ap&ygr,f/
awmiftmz&du EdkifiHrSmawmh 'DvdkjzpfcJhyg
w,f/ rvkycf sib
f eJ YJ vkycf &hJ wJh &ifemp&mtavQmh
ay;rIawGukd ESpfzufpvHk;u vkyfch&J ygw,f/ 0rf;
enf;aMuuGzJ ,
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topfwckudk NyD;cJhwJh vtenf;i,frSm ANC
u pwifvkyfvmwmyg/ olwdkYu 1993 ckESpfeJY
1996 ckEpS af wGrmS &&Sx
d m;cJw
h hJ oabmwlncD suf
awGukd jyefvYkd pdppfo;kH oyf csiw
f ,fvq
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pdwt
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G yf g/ usaemf
wdkY&JU wnfMunfpGm csKyfqdkxm;wJh oabmwl
nDcsufawG&JU tajccHtkwfjrpfawGudk jyefwl;qG
wdkufcdkufcsif? ar;cGef;xkwfcsif aeMuwmyg/ 'D
oabmwlnDcsufawGaMumihfyJ awmiftmz&du
EdkifiHopf wnfaxmifEdkifcJhMuwmyg/ 'gayr,hf
'Dvakd r;cGe;f xkwf wdu
k cf u
kd af ewmu oD;jcm;udp
yJ jzpfNyD; oD;jcm;&nf&G,fcsufawG &Sdaeygw,f//
usaemfaxmufjyvdw
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qHkndEdIif;rIawGrSm tay;t,l&SdMu&ygr,f/ vl
wdkif;u emusifrIawGvnf; cHpm;Mu&ygr,f/
'gayr,hf vlwikd ;f [mvnf; tck awGUqHak qG;aEG;rI
awGuwqihf auseyftm;&rI wpHkw&mvnf;
cHpm;&&SdMu&ygvdrhfr,f/
pwkwtcsufuawmh nDGwfrIeJY rwluGJ
jym;rI ESpfckMum;xJrSmrQwwJh tajctaewckudk
&atmif ,lEikd zf Ykd vdyk gw,f/ urmay:rSm &Sad ewJh
'DaeY y#dyutrsm;pkudk pOf;pm;Munhfvdkufyg/
trsm;pku EdkifiHawGtcsif;csif;Mum;rSm jzpfae
Muwmr[kwfbJ EdkifiHwckxJrSm aexdkifaeMuwJh
jynfoltcsif;csif;Mum;rSm jzpfymG ;aewmyg/ tck
umvrSm Edik if w
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wckew
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ygbl;/
(2011 ckESpftwGif;) rMumao;cifu avh
vmrIwckt& urmay:rSm tMurf;zufrI tjyif;
txefqHk; y#dyu 25 ck teuf 2 ckuyJ EdkifiH
wckeJY wcktMum;jzpfwmyg/ y#dyu 23 cku
Edik if eH ,ferd w
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awGtcsif;csif;Mum;rSm jzpfMuwmyg/ bmom
pum; ,Ofaus;rI ordkif;aemufcHtrsm;pkwlwJh

EdkifiHom;awG tcsif;csif;Mum;xJrSm jzpfyGm;Mu


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ajymif;aewJh Edik if w
H ckrmS Nird ;f csr;f a&;aqmifusO;f
ay;csifw,fqdk&ifawmh nDGwfrI (EdkifiHwckkvHk;
oabm) eJY uGJjym;jcm;em;rI (EdkifiHwck jzpfay:
ap&ef zefw;D wnfaqmufay;xm;wJh tkypf rk sm;)
tMum; rQwwJh tajctaewckudk zefwD;ay;zdkY
vdktyfygw,f/
olwdkYudk uGufcsef ypfy,fxm;w,f qdkwm
rsKd;ta&;BuD;wJh wdkif;&if;om;vlenf;pkawG pdwf
xJ cHpm;apvdYk rjzpfygbl;/ olwu
Ykd Edik if w
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aemufNy;D awmh txufazmfjyyg tcsut
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vmwJh Edik if aH wGtaeeJY jyemawGukd ajz&Si;f zdYk
azmfjrLvm (aq;enf;um;) vdkygw,f/ awmif
tmz&durSmawmh tJ'DjyemawGudk EdkifiHa&;
qdik &f m &mZ0wfrrI sm;vdYk ac:qdMk uygw,f/ wOD;
csif;wa,mufcsif; csrf;om<u,f0zdkY usK;vGefMu
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u tajctaeawGukd ajymif;vJvmapzd'Yk rD u
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wD;zdkY acgif;aqmifawGtaeeJY BudK;yrf;aqmif
&GufrIawG pwifrvkyfaqmifEdkifatmif wm;qD;
xm;wJh udpvnf; jzpfygw,f/ 'Dudpudk ar;cGef;
2 ckeJY tusOf;csKyf azmfjyEdkifygw,f/ ]]tu,f
igomtmPmvufvGwfoGm;cJh&if ig axmifus
rSmvm;? ighudk vufpm;acsMurSmvm;}} qdkwJh
ar;cGef;awGyJ jzpfygw,f/
ZifbmabGrSm&SdwJh ppfAdkvfcsKyfawGu a&m

orwrif'Jvm;eJY olY&JUtzGJUudk
&ifememeJY tay;t,ljyKcJh&wJh udpwckudk
usaemfjyefNyD; trSwf&aeygao;w,f/
aoG;at;at;eJYvlowfcJhwJh vlowform;wOD;?
vltrsm;xdkifaeMuwJh aomufpm;aeMuwJhpm;aomufqdkif
bm;wckxJudk vufypfAHk;ypfoGif;cJhwJh vlowform;wOD;udk
usaemfwdkYu vGwfNidrf;csrf;omcGihf ay;cJh&wJhudpyg . . .

"mwfyHk -Legatum Institute

Vol.1,No.3

awmiftmz&duorwa[mif; tufzf? 'AvsL 'Duvyf/

bwfr*l gbDukd 0dik ;f 0ef;usm;uef ay;aeMuygw,f/


bmaMumihfvJqdkawmh olYtpdk;&vufxufrSm
ppfAv
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pdk;&drfaeMuygw,f/ tjcm;EdkifiHawGrSmvnf;
tvm;wl jzpfysufMuwmygyJ/ 'gaMumihfrdkYvdkY
cifAsm;wdkYu azmfjrLvm (azmfenf;um;) wckudk
&SmazGzYkd vdt
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awmh twdik ;f tq Bu;D rm;wJh vGwNf ird ;f csr;f omcGifh
azmfjrLvmudk csrSwfaqmif &GufcJhygw,f/ trSef
ajym&&if usaemfvdkvm;wJh tajctaexuf
awmif ausmfvGefoGm;cJhygw,f/
ANC tzG J U u vG w f N id r f ; csrf ; omcG i h f u d k
jypfrI&JU BuD;av;rItwdkif;twm rcGJjcm;bJ ay;&
r,fvYkd twif;tusyw
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kd w
f eG ;f ygw,f/ usaemf
uawmh erD;bD;,m;EdkifiHrSm usihfoHk;cJhwJh Edk*gh'frl
(Norgaard principles) udk oabmusygw,f/
olwdkYu vGwfNidrf;csrf;omcGihfudk twnfjyKay;
ygw,f/ rSefygw,f/ 'gayr,hf aoG;at;at;eJY
vlowfwhJ udpr sK;d awG? vkyBf uo
H wfjzwfrrI sK;d awG?
rk'rd ;f usiw
fh mawG? tvm;wljypfraI wG tBuKH ;r0if
ygbl;/ ppfOya'awG pnf;rsOf;pnf;urf;awG&JU
abmifudkausmfwJh vkyf&yfrsKd;awGtwGuf vGwf
Nidrf;csrf;omcGihfudk awmif;qkdwmu rrSefuef
rrQwEdkifygbl;/
orw rif'Jvm;eJY olY&JUtzGJUudk &ifememeJY
tay;t,ljyKcJh&wJh udpwckudk usaemfjyefNyD;
trSw&f aeygao;w,f/ aoG;at;at;eJv
Y o
l wf
cJhwJh vlowform;wOD;? vltrsm; xdkifaeMuwJh
aomufpm;aeMuwJh pm;aomufqikd f bm;wckxJ
udk vufypfAHk;ypfoGif;cJhwJh vlowform;wOD;udk
usaemfwdkYu vGwfNidrf;csrf;omcGihf ay;cJh&wJhudp
yg/ olYvkyf&yfaMumihf vl 6 OD; aoqHk;cJhygw,f/
usaemfwu
Ykd vljzLwOD;twGuf vGwNf ird ;f csr;f om
cG ih f ud k v nf ; oabmwl nD cJ h & ygw,f / ol u
bwfpum;ay:u vlawGudk dkifz,faoewfeJY
tBudrfBudrfypfcJhNyD; vl 10 OD; aoqHk;atmif
ypfcJholyg/ ypfcwf&wJh taMumif;uawmh um;
pD;vmolawGu vlrnf;awG jzpfaevdkYygyJ/
usaemf 'DvGwfNidrf;csrf;omcGihfawGudk ray;
csif c J h y gbl ; / ANC buf u twif ; tusyf
awmif;qdyk gw,f/ usaemf tay;t,lvyk cf &hJ wJh
udpawGxJrSm &iftemqHk;eJY vkyfaqmifcJh&wJh
udpa wGyg/ 'gayr,hf a&SUudq
k ufomG ;Edik zf Ykd qd&k if
usaemfwYkd 'Dvv
kd yk zf v
Ykd t
kd yfygw,f/ 'grSyJ tay;
t,l ndEIdif; oabmwlnDrIawG &&SdEdkifrSmyg/
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awGuae vGwfajrmufvmwJh EdkifiHwdkif;rSm ay:
vmwwfr,hf jyemrsK;d awGyg/ 'Dvjkd yemawG
u rl0g'tajccHtay: &yfwnfNyD; ajz&Sif;Mu&

r,hf jyemawGyg/ tmPmudk pGev


Yf w
T Mf u&r,hf
olawG&JU taMumufw&m;udk &vmr,hf tajz
awGu ajyaysmufatmif vkyfay;oihfygw,f/
ay;zdkY tqihfoihfrjzpfao;wJh wefzdk;awGudk
ay;p&mrvkdbl;vdkYvnf; olwdkYudktmrcH ajym
Mum;oihfygw,f/ 'Dvdk oifcef;pmawGu tD*spf?
wle;D &Sm;? 'DuaeY vpfAsm;? uGe*f ?kd ql'ef? jrefrmeJY
qD;&D;,m;? tpa&;eJY ygvufpwdkif; EdkifiHawGrSm
vnf; toHk;wnhfr,fvdkY usaemff,lqygw,f/
tckvdk jyemjzpfae&wJh ae&ma'oawG
rSm bmaMumihfEdkifiHa&;t&a&SUudk rwdk;wufEdkif
wmvJvYkd cifAsm;wdYk pdppf oH;k oyfMunhrf ,fq&kd if?
tMurf;zufreI YJ zdEydS rf o
I o
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zdkY acgif;aqmifawGu bmaMumihfvufOD;rI&,l
rvkyu
f ikd Mf uwmvJqw
kd mudk cifAsm;wdYk pdppfMunhf
r,fqdk&if? ndEdIif;tajz&Sm tay;t,lvkyfwJh
vrf;aMumif;udk bmaMumihf r&SmazGEdkifMuwmvJ
qdw
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jycJw
h hJ tcsuaf wGu urmBu;D &JU jyemjzpfaewJh
ae&ma'oawGrSm jyemawG ajyvnfapzdkY
twGuf ESvHk;om;eJY em,l&r,hf oifcef;pmawG
jzpfygw,f/
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l m;rm;
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oGm;cJyh gw,f/ *kPo
f a&&Sd vlBu;D rif;rsm;cifAsm;?
ordkif;[m rqHk;ao;ygbl;/ usaemfwdkYu ordkif;
udk aemufwBurd jf yefa&;aeMuygNy/D tpGe;f a&muf
tpvrf tMurf;zuf0g'[m acwfopfwcktjzpf
jyefvdkY aygufzGm;ysHUESHYaeygw,f/ vlawG ajymqdk
aeMuwJh t&if;&Sifpepf usqHk;cef;? 'grSr[kwf
ydkvdkY wdwdususajym&&if usaemfwdkY ESpfaygif;
rsm;pGm usihfoHk;cJhMuwJh t&if;&Sifpepf yHkpHrsKd;&JU
usq;kH cef;pwmawGu acwfopfwckukd zefw;D ae
Muygw,f/ ordik ;f [m Ny;D qH;k p&m taMumif;r&Syd g
bl;cifAsm;/
ANC rSm&Sw
d hJ usaemh&f UJ vkyaf zmfuikd zf ufawG
BudKufvdkY ajymajymaewwfwJh pum;&Sdygw,f/]]
wdkufyGJu quf&SdaeOD;r,f/ tNrJwrf; quf&Sdae
ygvdrhfr,f}}/

tar&duefjynfaxmifpk 0g&Siw
f efNrKd Uawmf
&Sd Edik if jH cm;a&;rl0g'qdik &f m vD*gweftifpwDusK
(Legatum Institute) ESihf Foreign Policy
r*Zif;wdYk yl;wGJusif;yaom 'Drku
d a&pD "mwfcJG
cef; (Democracy Lab) zGihfyGJtjzpf 2011
ckESpf rwfv 5 &ufaeYu ajymMum;onhf
awmiftmz&du orwa[mif; tufzf 'AvsL
'Duvyf (F. W. de Klerk) \ rdefYcGef;rS
aumufEkwfazmfjyjcif; jzpfygonf/

36

Opinion

The Irrawaddy
Vol.1,No.3

Dateline Irrawaddy

jynfolawGudk awmif;yef&r,f (2)


The Irrawaddy

csKyfBuD; cifGefYvufxuf ppfaxmufvSefa&;rsm; wefcdk;xGm;pOfu EdkifiHa&;vIyf&Sm;olrsm;udk zrf;qD;? ESdyfpuf


axmif'PfawG csrSwfcJhwmeJYywfoufvdkY trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJUcsKyf (NLD) &JU obmywdjzpfwJh q&mBuD;
[Hom0wD OD;0if;wif? vlYabmifopf'Drdku&ufwpfygwD&JU acgif;aqmifwpfOD;jzpfwJh a':ESif;ESif;arT;wdkYeJY {&m0wDr*Zif;
t*Fvdyfykid f;t,f'Dwm ausmfpmG rdk;wdYu
k aqG;aEG;xm;ygw,f/ 'Drku
d &ufwpfjrefrm (DVB) uae 'DZifbmu 12 &ufaeYrmS
xkwfvTifhcJhwmudk jyefvnfwifqufjcif;jzpfygw,f/

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tmPmodrf;NyD;wJhaemufykdif; EkdifiHa&;ygwDawG?
EdkifiHa&;orm;awG? EdkifiHa&; vIyf&Sm;wuf<uol
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'Drdku&ufwpfygwD&JU acgif;aqmifwOD;jzpfwJh
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a':ESif;ESif;arT; / / olwkdYu? olYtxifwkdif;

Opinion 37

Vol.1,No.3

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39

40

Lifestyle

The Irrawaddy
Vol.1,No.3

"mwfyHk -a*sydkif^The Irrawaddy

Family

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uAsmrsm; a&;om;vsuf&Sdonf/

Lifestyle 41

The Irrawaddy
Vol.1,No.3
Food

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"mwfyHkrsm; -The Irrawaddy

"mwfyHk -Steve Tickner/The Irrawaddy

Zl;vl;

42

Lifestyle

The Irrawaddy
Vol.1,No.3

Health

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Lifestyle 43

The Irrawaddy
Vol.1,No.3
Society

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r[kwfbl;qdkwmygyJ/

44

Lifestyle

The Irrawaddy
Vol.1,No.3

Art

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Lifestyle 45

The Irrawaddy
Vol.1,No.3
Mandalay Sketch

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46

Lifestyle

The Irrawaddy
Vol.1,No.3

Trends

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Lifestyle 47

The Irrawaddy
Vol.1,No.3

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Ks-9800

Men Footware
Ks-2500

48

Lifestyle

The Irrawaddy
Vol.1,No.3

Society

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50

Lifestyle

The Irrawaddy
Vol.1,No.3

Film

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NyD;atmifvkyf&wJhtwGuf ratmifjrifwmyg/

The Irrawaddy
Weekly

Vol.1, No. 2 , January 12 2014

Journal

A
Regional

IN BRIEF

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"mwfyHk - Steve Tickner/The Irrawaddy

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4
"mwfyHk - pdkif;aZmf^The Irrawaddy

Peace

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*syefoHtrwfBuD; H.E. Mr. Mikio Numata ESifh *syeftpdk;&\ jrefrmEdkifiHtrsdK;om;jyefvnfoifhjrwfa&;


qdkif&m txl;udk,fpm;vS,f H.E. Mr. Yohei Sasakawa wdkYtm; owif;pm&Sif;vif;yGJwGif awGU&pOf/

The Irrawaddy
Vol.1,No.2

B
Peace

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The Irrawaddy
Vol.1,No.2

C
Education

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Myanmar Metropolitan College (MMC)

Page A -

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The Irrawaddy

Religion

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"mwfyHk - opfaerdk;^The Irrawaddy

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The Irrawaddy
Weekly

Vol.1, No. 2 , January 12 , 2014

Journal

A
Parliament

IN BRIEF

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The Irrawaddy
Vol . 1 , No . 2

B
Environment

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The Irrawaddy
Vol . 1 , No . 2

C
Education

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Page A -

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The Irrawaddy

The Irrawaddy
Vol . 1 , No . 2

Infrastructure

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