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ham m an Brigha and Women mens Ho Hospital VA Bo thca are Sy Boston Heal Healthc System
2.782J/3.961J/BEH.451J/HST524J
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4) may structurally reinforce the defect defect to maintain maintain the shape of the defect and prevent distortion of surrounding tissue. 5) serves as a barrier to prevent the infiltra tion of surrounding infiltration tissue that may impede impede the the process process of regeneration. regeneration.
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Crown
Tooth Root
Alveolar Bone
Periodontal Ligament
SCAFFOLDS
Concepts Guiding the Developmen Development of Scaffold Scaffolds Biomaterals Existing safe ( (biocompatible biocompatible) absorbable materials; PLA PLA-PGA Natural extracel ials; bone mineral extracellular lular matrix matrix mater materi mineral Biomimetics and analogs of extra n and extracellular ellular mat matrix; ix; collage collagen collagen -hydroxyapatite scaffolds collagen Biopolymers for nanoscale ; selfing peptides nanoscale matrix matrix; self-assembly assemblying New types of biomaterials designed specifically for tissue engineering scaffolds Methods of Scaffold Production Prec Precision ision (computer) (computer) mu multilti-scal scale control control of material material, architecture, and cells; cells solid free-form fabrication technologies
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Natural Polymers
fibrin collagen collagen-glycosaminoglycan copolymer many others
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SCAFFOLD (MATRIX) MATERIALS Synthetic Polylactic acid and polyglycolic acid Polycarbonates Polydioxanones Polyphosphazenes Poly(anhydrides) Poly(ortho esters) Poly(propylene fumarate) Pluronic (polaxomers)
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Polyhydroxalkanoates
SCAFFOLDS
Structure/Architecture Fiber mesh Sponge-like Fine filament mesh Architecture by design; Free Form Fabrication/3-D printing
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SCAFFOLDS
Structure/Architecture Percentage porosity Pore diameter
number of cells that can be contained strength of the material
Orientation of pores
surface area and the number of adherent cells ability of cells to infiltrate the pores can direct cell growth
SCAFFOLDS
Methods for Producing Scaffolds* Treat tissues/organs to remove selected components Fibers (non-woven and woven) Freeze-drying Incorporate porogens into polymers Self-assemblying molecules Free-form manufacturing
* Need to consider the advantages advantages and disadvantages disadvantages with respect to the production production of scaffolds scaffolds wi with selected chemical composition composition and structure
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Scaffold Structures
Yan
3-D printed
Zhang
100 m
1 m
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COLLAGEN-GAG SCAFFOLDS
500m
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228 39 m
BIOMANUFACTURING
BIOMANUFACTURI NG: BIOMANUFACTURING: A USUS-CHINA NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATIONFOUNDATIONSPONSORED WORKSHOP June 2929-July 1, 2005, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
W. Sun, r Sun, Y. Yan Yan, F. F. Lin, and M. Specto Spector
New New technologies technologies for producing scaffolds wi with precision precision (computerial, (computer-controlled) multimulti- scale co control of mater materi architecture, and cells. www.mem.drexel.edu/biomanufacturing/index.htm
Tiss. Tiss. Engr., Engr., In Press
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3-D Printing
Figures removed due to copyright restrictions. 1) Single-nozzle deposition using polylactic acid and tricalcium phosphate. See Yan, Yongnian, et al. "Layered manufacturing of Tissue Engineering Scaffolds via Multi-nozzle Deposition." Materials Letters 57 (2003): 2623-2628. 2) Hepatocyte/gelatin/sodium alginate construct. See Yan, Yongnian, et al. "Fabrication of Viable Tissue-engineering Constructs with 3D Cell-assembly Technique." Biomaterials 26 (2005): 5864-5871. 3) Printing single cells, cell aggregates, and the supportive biodegradable thermosensitive gel according to a computer-generated template. See Mironov, Vladimir, et al. "Organ Printing: Computer-aided Jet-based 3D Tissue Engineering." TRENDS in Biotechnology 21, no. 4 (April 2003).