CNG N TP HC K I

Mn: Ha hc 9

Phn l thuyt c n bn:

I MI QUAN H GIA CC LOI HP CHT V C:

OXIT BAZ

+ H2O

+ Axit
+ Oxit axit

Nhit
phn
hy

MUI
+ Baz

BAZ

+ Baz
+ Oxit baz

+ Axit
+ Oxit axit
+ Mui

II CC LOI HP CHT V C:

+ Axit
+ Kim loi
+ Baz
+ Oxit baz
+ Mui

OXIT AXIT

+ H2O

AXIT

1. OXIT
a) nh ngha: Oxit l hp cht gm 2 nguyn t, trong c mt nguyn t l oxi.
Vd: CaO, SO2, CO, Na2O, Fe3O4, P2O5,
b) Tnh cht ha hc:
Tnh cht ha hc
OXIT AXIT
OXIT BAZ
Mt s oxit axit (SO2, CO2, N2O5, P2O5, Mt s oxit baz (Na2O, BaO, CaO, K2O,
) + nc dd baz
) + nc dd axit
1. Tc dng vi nc
Vd: Na2O + H2O 2NaOH
Vd: CO2 + H2O H2CO3
Cc oxit baz nh: MgO, CuO, Al 2O3,
P2O5 + 3H2O 2H3PO4
FeO, Fe2O3, khng tc dng vi nc.
Oxit baz + axit mui + nc
Vd: CuO + 2HCl CuCl2 + H2O
2. Tc dng vi axit < Khng phn ng >
CaO + H2SO4 CaSO4 + H2O
Oxit axit + dd baz mui + nc
3. Tc dng vi dd
Vd: SO2 + Ca(OH)2 CaSO3 + H2O
< Khng phn ng >
baz (kim)
CO2 + Ba(OH)2 BaCO3 + H2O
Oxit baz + oxit axit mui
4. Tc dng vi oxit
< Khng phn ng >
axit
Vd: CaO + CO2 CaCO3
5. Tc dng vi oxit Oxit axit + oxit baz mui
< Khng phn ng >
baz
Vd: SO2 + BaO BaSO3
2. AXIT
a) nh ngha: Axit l hp cht m phn t gm c mt hay nhiu nguyn t H lin kt vi gc axit. Cc
nguyn t H ny c th thay th bng cc ng/t kim loi.
Vd: HCl, HNO3, H2SO4, H3PO4,
b) Tnh cht ha hc:
1. Tc dng vi cht ch th:
3. Tc dng vi oxit baz:
Dd axit lm giy qu tm chuyn sang mu .
Axit + oxit baz mui + nc
2. Tc dng vi kim loi:
Vd: CaO + H2SO4 CaSO4 + H2O
Mt s dd axit (HCl, H2SO4 long) + cc kim loi 4. Tc dng vi baz:
ng trc H (trong dy HHH ca kim loi) Axit + baz mui + nc (phn ng trung ha)
mui + H2
Vd: 2Fe(OH)3 + 3H2SO4 Fe2(SO4)3 + 6H2O
Vd: 2Al + 3H2SO4long Al2(SO4)3 +3H2
5. Tc dng vi mui:
Zn + 2HCl ZnCl2 + H2
Axit + mui mui mi + axit mi
H2SO4 c v HNO3 tc dng vi hu ht cc kim Vd: H2SO4 + BaCl2 BaSO4 + 2HCl
loi to mui nhng khng gii phng kh H2.
2HCl + Na2CO3 2NaCl + H2O + CO2
Vd: Cu + 2H2SO4c CuSO4 + SO2 + 2H2O
iu kin phn ng xy ra: Sn phm phi c cht
H2SO4 c c tnh ho nc.
khng tan hoc cht kh.
1

 Sn xut axit sunfuric: Gm cc cng on sau:

(1)
S + O2 t SO2
(2) 2SO2 + O2 t 2SO3
o

t0

(3) SO3 + H2OV O H2SO4

2

3. BAZ
a) nh ngha: Baz l hp cht m phn t gm c mt nguyn t kim loi lin kt vi mt hay nhiu nhm
hiroxit (OH). Vd: KOH, NaOH, Ba(OH)2, Al(OH)3,
b) Tnh cht ha hc:
1. Tc dng vi cht ch th: Dd baz lm giy qu 4. Tc dng vi mui:
tm chuyn sang mu xanh, dd phenolphtalein Dd baz + dd mui mui mi + baz mi
chuyn sang mu .
Vd: Ba(OH)2 + CuSO4 BaSO4 + Cu(OH)2
2. Tc dng vi oxit axit:
3NaOH + FeCl3 Fe(OH)3 + 3NaCl
Dd baz + oxit axit mui + nc
iu kin phn ng xy ra: Sn phm phi c cht
Vd: Ca(OH)2 + SO3 CaSO4 + H2O
khng tan.
3. Tc dng vi axit:
5. Phn ng nhitt0 phn:
Baz + axit mui + nc (phn ng trung ha) Baz khng tan0 oxit baz + nc
t
Vd: NaOH + HCl NaCl + H2O
Vd: Cu(OH)2 CuO + H2O
Sn xut natri hiroxit:
in phn dd

2NaCl + H2c
O mng ngn 2NaOH + Cl2 + H2
c) Thang pH: Dng biu th axit hoc baz ca mt dung dch:
pH = 7: trung tnh ; pH < 7: tnh axit ; pH > 7: tnh baz
4. MUI
a) nh ngha: Mui l hp cht m phn t c mt hay nhiu nguyn t kim loi lin kt vi mt hay nhiu
gc axit. Vd: NaCl, MgSO4, Fe(NO3)2, BaCO3,
b) Tnh cht ha hc:
1. Tc dng vi kim loi:
3. Tc dng vi baz:
Mui + kim loi mui mi + kim loi mi
Dd mui + dd baz mui mi + baz mi
Vd: Fe + CuSO4 FeSO4 + Cu
Vd: CuSO4 + 2NaOH Cu(OH)2 + Na2SO4
iu kin phn ng xy ra: Sn phm phi c cht
Cu + 2AgNO3 Cu(NO3)2 + 2Ag
Lu : Kim loi ng trc (tr K, Na, Ca, ) y khng tan.
kim loi ng sau (trong dy HHH ca kim loi) ra 4. Tc dng vi mui:
Mui + mui 2 mui mi
khi dung dch mui ca chng.
2. Tc dng vi axit:
Vd: NaCl + AgNO3 AgCl + NaNO3
Mui + axit mui mi + axit mi
iu kin phn ng xy ra: Sn phm phi c cht
khng tan.
Vd: BaCl2 + H2SO4 BaSO4 + 2HCl
5. Phn ng nhit phn hy:
Na2CO3 + 2HCl 2NaCl + H2O + CO2
phn hy nhit cao:
iu kin phn ng xy ra: Sn phm phi c cht Mt s mui b
t0
Vd: CaCO3 CaO + CO2
khng tan hoc cht kh.
c) Phn ng trao i:
- nh ngha: L phn ng ha hc, trong hai hp cht tham gia phn ng trao i vi nhau nhng thnh
phn cu to ca chng to ra nhng hp cht mi.
Vd: BaCl2 + H2SO4 BaSO4 + 2HCl
Na2CO3 + 2HCl 2NaCl + H2O + CO2
CuSO4 + 2NaOH Cu(OH)2 + Na2SO4
NaCl + AgNO3 AgCl + NaNO3
- iu kin phn ng trao i xy ra : Phn ng trao i trong dung dch ca cc cht ch xy ra nu sn
phm to thnh c cht khng tan hoc cht kh.
Lu : Phn ng trung ha cng l phn ng trao i v lun xy ra.
Vd: NaOH + HCl NaCl + H2O

III KIM LOI:

2

1. TNH CHT CHUNG CA KIM LOI

a) Tnh cht vt l:
- C tnh do, d dt mng v d ko si.
- Dn in v dn nhit tt. (Ag l kim loi dn in v dn nhit tt nht, tip theo l Cu, Al, Fe, )
- C nh kim.
b) Tnh cht ha hc:
1. Tc dng vi phi kim: Thng nhit cao.
3. Tc dng vi nc:
Vi kh oxi: To
Mt s kim loi (Na, K, ...) + nc dd kim + H2
t0 oxit.
Vd: 3Fe + 2O2 Fe3O4
Vd: 2Na +2H2O 2NaOH + H2
4. Tc dng vi mui:
Vi cc phi tkim
khc (Cl2, S, ):t0 To mui.
0
Mui + kim loi mui mi + kim loi mi
Vd: 2Na + Cl2 2NaCl ; Fe + S FeS
Vd: Fe + CuSO4 FeSO4 + Cu
2. Tc dng vi dd axit:
Kim loi ng trc H (trong dy HHH ca kim
Cu + 2AgNO3 Cu(NO3)2 + 2Ag
loi) + dd axit (HCl, H2SO4 long) mui + H2
Lu : Kim loi ng trc (tr K, Na, Ca, ) y
kim loi ng sau (trong dy HHH ca kim loi) ra
Vd: 2Al + 3H2SO4long Al2(SO4)3 +3H2
H2SO4 c, nng v HNO3 tc dng vi hu ht khi dung dch mui ca chng.
cc kim loi (tr Pt, Au) to thnh mui nhng
khng gii phng hidro
SO SNH TNH CHT CA NHM V ST:
Tnh cht
NHM (Al = 27)
ST (Fe = 56)
- L kim loi nh, mu trng, do, c - L kim loi nng, mu trng xm, do, c
nh kim, dn in v dn nhit tt.
nh kim, dn in, dn nhit tt (km Al).
Tnh cht vt l
- Nhit nng chy 6600C.
- Nhit nng chy 15390C.
- C tnh nhim t.
Tnh cht ha hc
< Al v Fe c0 tnh cht ha hc ca kim loi >
t0
t
Tc dng vi phi kim 2Al + 3S Al2S3
2Fe + 3Cl2 2FeCl3
2Al + 6HCl 2AlCl3 + 3H2
Fe + H2SO4 FeSO4 + H2
Tc dng vi axit
Lu : Al v Fe khng phn ng vi HNO3 c ngui v H2SO4 c ngui.
Tc dng vi dd mui 2Al + 3CuSO4 Al2(SO4)3 + 3Cu
Fe + 2AgNO3 Fe(NO3)2 + 2Ag
Tnh cht khc
Tc dng vi dd kim Nhm + dd kim H2
< Khng phn ng >
Trong cc phn ng: Al lun c ha Trong cc phn ng: Fe c hai ha tr: II,
tr III.
III.
Sn xut nhm:
- Nguyen lieu: quang boxit (thanh phan chu yeu la Al2O3).
- Phng phap: ien phan nong chay.
2Al2O3(r) in phn nng chy 4Al(r)+3O2(k)
criolit

2. DY HOT NG HA HC CA KIM LOI

Theo chiu gim dn hot ng ca kim loi:
K, Na, Ca, Mg, Al, Zn, Fe, Pb, (H), Cu, Ag, Au
ngha dy hot ng ha hc ca kim loi:
- Mc o hoat ong hoa hoc cua kim loai giam dan t trai qua phai.
- Kim loai ng trc Mg tac dung vi nc ieu kien thng kiem va kh hiro.
- Kim loai ng trc H phan ng vi mot so dd axit (HCl, H2SO4 loang, ) kh H2.
- Kim loai ng trc (tr Na, K) ay kim loai ng sau ra khoi dung dch muoi.
3. HP CHT ST: GANG, THP
a) Hp kim: L cht rn thu c sau khi lm ngui hn hp nng chy ca nhiu kim loi khc nhau hoc
hn hp kim loi v phi kim.
b) Thnh phn, tnh cht v sn xut gang, thp:

Hp kim
Thnh
phn
Tnh cht
Sn xut

GANG
Hm lng cacbon 2 5%; 1 3% cc
nguyn t P, Si, S, Mn; cn li l Fe.
Gin, khng rn, khng dt mng c.
- Trong l cao.
- Nguyn tc: CO kh cc oxit st t0
cao.
t0
3CO + Fe2O3 3CO2 + 2Fe

THP
Hm lng cacbon di 2%; di 0,8% cc
nguyn t P, S, Mn; cn li l Fe.
n hi, do (rn, dt mng, ko si c), cng.
- Trong l luyn thp.
- Nguyn tc: Oxi ha cc nguyn t C, Mn, Si,
S, P, c0 trong gang.
t

FeO + C Fe + CO

IV PHI KIM:
1. TNH CHT CHUNG CA PHI KIM
a) Tnh cht vt l:
- iu kin thng, phi kim tn ti c 3 trng thi: rn (S, P, ...) ; lng (Br2) ; kh (Cl2, O2, N2, H2, ...).
- Phn ln cc nguyn t phi kim khng c nh kim, dn in, dn nhit km; Nhit nng chy thp.
- Mt s phi kim c nh: Cl2, Br2, I2.
b) Tnh cht ha hc:
1. Tc dng vi kim loi:
Nhiu phi kim + tkim
loi mui:
0
Vd: 2Na + Cl2 2NaCl
Oxi + kim loi t
oxit:
0
Vd: 2Cu + O2 2CuO
2. Tc dng vi hiro:
Oxi + kh hiro hi nc
2H2 + O2 2H2O
Clo + kh hiro
t0 kh hiro clorua
H2 + Cl2 2HCl
Nhiu phi kim khc (C, S, Br 2, ...) phn ng vi
kh hiro to thnh hp cht kh.

3. Tc dng vi oxi:
Nhiu phi kim 0+ kh oxi oxit axit
t
Vd: S + O2
SO2
0
t

4P + 5O2 2P2O5

4. Mc hot ng ha hc ca phi kim:

- Mc hot ng ha hc mnh hay yu ca phi
kim thng c xt cn c vo kh nng v mc
phn ng ca phi kim vi kim loi v hiro.
- Flo, oxi, clo l nhng phi kim hot ng mnh (flo
l phi kim hot ng mnh nht).
- Lu hunh, photpho, cacbon, silic l nhng phi kim
hot ng yu hn.

2. SO SNH TNH CHT CA CLO V CACBON

Tnh cht
Tnh cht vt l
Tnh cht ha hc
1. Tc dng vi H2
2. Tc dng vi oxi
3. Tc dng vi oxit baz
4. Tc dng vi kim loi
5. Tc dng vi nc
6. Tc dng vi dd kim

CLO
CACBON (than v nh hnh)
- Clo l cht kh, mu vng lc.
- Cacbon trng thi rn, mu en.
- Clo l kh rt c, nng gp 2,5 ln - Than c tnh hp ph mu, cht tan
khng kh.
trong dung dch.
t0

5000C

H2 + Cl2 2HCl
Clo khng phn ng trc tip vi oxi.
< Khng phn0 ng >
t
2Fe + 3Cl2 2FeCl3
Cl2 + H2O HCl + HClO
Cl2 + 2NaOHNaCl + NaClO +H2O

C + 2H2 0
CH4
t
C + O2
CO2
t0
2CuO + C 2Cu + CO2
< Kh xy ra >
< Kh xy ra >
< Khng phn ng >

iu ch clo:
- Trong phng th nghim: MnO2 + HClc MnCl2 + Cl2 + H2O
in phn
- Trong cng nghip: 2NaCl + H2Oc mng ngn 2NaOH + Cl2 + H2

3. CC OXIT CA CACBON
Tnh cht
Tnh cht vt l

CACBON OXIT (CO)

- CO l kh khng mu, khng mi.

CACBON IOXIT (CO2)

- CO2 l kh khng mu, nng hn khng
4

Tnh cht ha hc
1. Tc dng vi H2O
2. Tc dng vi dd
kim
3. Tc dng vi oxit
baz
ng dng

- CO l kh rt c.

kh.
- Kh CO2 khng duy tr s sng, s chy.

Khng phn ng nhit thng.

CO2 + H2O H2CO3

CO2 + 2NaOH Na2CO3 + H2O
CO2 + NaOH NaHCO3
CO2 + CaO CaCO3

< Khng phn ng >

nhit cao:
CO l cht kh:
t0
3CO + Fe2O3 3CO2 + 2Fe
Dng lm nhin liu, nguyn liu, Dng trong sn xut nc gii kht c gaz,
cht kh trong cng nghip ha hc. bo qun thc phm, dp tt m chy, ...

TNH TAN TRONG NC CA MT S DUNG DCH BAZ, MUI:

Baz tan
Baz khng tan
Mui Sunfat (=SO4)
Mui Sunfit (=SO3)
Mui Nitrat (-NO3)
Mui Photphat (PO4)
Mui Cacbonat (=CO3)
Mui Clorua (-Cl )

KOH, NaOH, Ba(OH)2, Ca(OH)2 t tan.

Mg(OH)2, Fe(OH)2, Fe(OH)3, Zn(OH)2, Cu(OH)2, Al(OH)3, Pb(OH)2
Hu ht tan (tr BaSO4, PbSO4 khng tan).
Hu ht khng tan (tr K2SO3 , Na2SO3 tan).
Tt c u tan.
Hu ht khng tan (tr K3PO4 , Na3PO4 tan ).
Hu ht khng tan (tr K2CO3 , Na2CO3 tan).
Hu ht u tan (tr AgCl khng tan).

HA TR CA MT S NGUYN T V NHM NGUYN T:

Ha tr (I)
Ha tr (II)
Kim loi
Na, K, Ag
Ca , Ba , Mg , Zn, Fe, Pb, Cu, Hg
-NO3 ; (OH) (I)
Nhm nguyn t
=CO3 ; =SO3 ; =SO4
Phi kim
Cl , H , F
O
Cc phi kim khc:

Ha tr (III)
Al, Fe
PO4

S (IV,VI ) ; C (IV) ; N (V) ; P (V).

PHAN B CAC DANG BAI TAP.

Dng 1: XT IU KIN PHN NG - VIT PHNG TRNH HA HC.
Bi 1: Vit cc PTHH thc hin cc chui bin ha sau, ghi r iu kin phn ng (nu c):
a) S (1) SO2 (2) SO3 (3) H2SO4 (4) Na2SO4 (5) BaSO4
b) SO2 (1) Na2SO3 (2) Na2SO4 (3) NaOH (4) Na2CO3.
(1)
( 2)
c) CaO
CaCO3
CaO (3) Ca(OH)2 (4) CaCO3 (5) CaSO4
d) Fe (1) FeCl3 (2) Fe(OH)3 (3) Fe2O3 (4) Fe2(SO4)3 (5) FeCl3.
e) Fe (1) FeCl2 (2) Fe(NO3)2 (3) Fe(OH)2 (4) FeSO4.
f) Cu (1) CuO (2) CuCl2 (3) Cu(OH)2 (4) CuO (5) Cu (6) CuSO4.
g) Al2O3 (1) Al (2) AlCl3 (3) NaCl (4) NaOH (5) Cu(OH)2.
Bi 2: Nu hin tng quan st c v vit PTHH xy ra, ghi r iu kin phn ng (nu c):
1. Cho mau kem vao ong nghiem cha dd HCl(d)
2. Cho mau nhom vao ong nghiem cha H2SO4 ac, nguoi.
3. Cho day nhom vao dd NaOH ac.
4. Cho t t dd BaCl2 vao ong nghiem cha dd H2SO4.
5. Cho t t dd BaCl2 vao ong nghiem cha dd Na2CO3.
6. Cho t t dd HCl vao ong nghiem cha dd NaOH co e san 1 mau giay quy tm.
7. Cho inh sat vao ong nghiem cha dd CuSO4.
8. Cho dd NaOH t t vao ong nghiem cha dd CuSO 4. sau o loc lay chat ket tua roi un
nhe.
9. Cho t t dd AgNO3 vao ong nghiem cha dd NaCl.
10. Cho la ong vao ong nghiem cha dd HCl.
11. ot nong o mot oan day thep(Fe) cho vao bnh cha kh oxi.
12. Cho day bac vao ong nghiem cha dd CuSO4.
5

13. Cho Na(r) vao coc nc co pha phenolphtalein.

14. Rac bot Al len ngon la en con.
15. un nong ong nghiem cha Cu(OH)2.
Bi 3: Cho cc cht sau: CuO, Al, MgO, Fe(OH)2, Fe2O3. Cht no trn tc dng vi dd HCl :
a) Sinh ra cht kh nh hn khong kh va chay c trong khong kh.
b) Tao thanh dd co mau xanh lam.
c) Tao thanh dd co mau vang nau.
d) Tao thanh dd khong mau.
Viet cac PTHH cho cac phan ng tren.
Bi 4: Cho cc cht: Na2CO3, BaCl2, BaCO3, Cu(OH)2, Fe, ZnO. Cht no trn phn ng vi dd
H2SO4 long to thnh:
a) Chat ket tua mau trang.
b) Kh nhe hn khong kh va chay c trong khong kh.
c) Kh nang hn khong kh va khong duy tr s chay.
d) Chat ket tua mau trang ong thi co chat kh nang hn khong kh va khong duy tr s
chay.
e) Dd co mau xanh lam.
f) Dd khong mau.
Viet cac PTHH cho cac phan ng tren.

Dng 2: NHN BIT CC CHT TINH CH .

- Nhn bit cc cht rn bng cch th tnh tan trong nc, hoc quan st mu sc.
- Nhn bit cc dd thng theo th t sau:

Cc dd mui ng thng c mu xanh lam.

+ Dng qu tm nhn bit dd axit (qu tm ha ) hoc dd baz (qu tm ha xanh).
+ Cc dd Ca(OH)2, Ba(OH)2 nhn bit bng cch dn kh CO2, SO2 qua to kt ta trng.
+ Cc mui =CO3, =SO3 nhn bit bng cc dd HCl, H2SO4 loang c kh thot ra (CO2, SO2)
+ Cc mui =SO4 nhn bit bng cc dd BaCl2, Ba(NO3)2, Ba(OH)2 (hoc ngc li) to kt ta trng.
+ Cc mui Cl nhn bit bng mui Ag, nh AgNO3, Ag2SO4 (hoc ngc li). to kt ta trng.
+ Cc mui ca kim loi ng nhn bit bng dd kim nh NaOH, Ca(OH)2, to kt ta xanh l.
- Nhn bit cc kim loi, ch :
+ Dy hot ng ha hc ca kim loi.
+ Fe, Al khng phn ng vi dd H2SO4 c, ngui.
+ Al c phn ng vi dd kim to kh H2.
Bi 1: Nhn bit cc cht theo cc yu cu sau y:
1. Bang phng phap hoa hoc hay nhan biet cac chat ran sau:
a)
CaO, Na2O, MgO, P2O5.
b)
CaCO3, CaO, Ca(OH)2.
2. Ch dung them quy tm, hay nhan biet cac dung dch sau:
a)
H2SO4, NaOH, HCl, BaCl2.
b)
NaCl, Ba(OH)2, NaOH, H2SO4.
3. Bang phng phap hoa hoc, hay nhan biet cac dung dch:
a)
CuSO4, AgNO3, NaCl.
c)
KOH, K2SO4, K2CO3, KNO3.
b)
NaOH, HCl, NaNO3, NaCl.
4. Ch dung dd H2SO4 loang, nhan biet cac chat sau:
a)
Cac chat ran: Cu(OH)2, Ba(OH)2,
b)
Cac dd: BaSO4, BaCO3, NaCl, Na2CO3.
Na2CO3
5. Hay neu phng phap hoa hoc e nhan biet cac kim loai sau:
a)
Al, Zn, Cu.
b)
Fe, Al, Ag, Mg.
+

Bi 2: Tinh ch.
1. Tinh ch bt st t hn hp bt st va bt nhom bang phng phap hoa hoc.
2. Tinh che vun ong t hon hp vun cac kim loai sau: Cu, Zn, Fe.
3. Co dd muoi AlCl3 lan tap chat la CuCl2. Neu phng phap hoa hoc lam sach muoi nhom.
4. Dung dch ZnSO4 co lan tap chat la CuSO4. Neu phng phap lam sach dd ZnSO4.

Dng 3: IU CH.
Bi 1: T cc cht: Fe, Cu(OH)2, HCl, Na2CO3, hy vit cc PTHH iu ch:
a) Dd FeCl2.
b) Dd CuCl2.
c) Kh CO2.

d) Cu kim loai.
6

Bi 2: T cc cht: CaO, Na2CO3 v H2O, vit PTHH iu ch dd NaOH.

Bi 3: T nhng cht: Na2O, BaO, H2O, dd CuSO4, dd FeCl2, vit cc PTHH iu ch:
a) Dd NaOH.
b) Dd Ba(OH)2.
c) BaSO4.
d) Cu(OH)2.

e) Fe(OH)2

Dng 4: BI TON TNH THEO PHNG TRNH HA HC.

Bi 1: Cho mt khi lng mt st d vo 150ml dd HCl. Sau phn ng thu c 10,08 l kh (ktc).
a) Vit PTHH.
b) Tnh khi lng mt st tham gia phn ng.
c) Tnh nng mol ca dd HCl dng.
Bi 2: 6,72 l kh CO2 (ktc) tc dng va ht vi 600ml dd Ba(OH)2, sn phm to thnh l BaCO3 v nc.
a) Vit PTHH.
b) Tnh nng mol ca dd Ba(OH) dng.
c) Tnh khi lng kt ta to thnh.
Bi 3: Trung ha dd KOH 2M bng 250ml HCl 1,5M.
a) Tnh th tch dd KOH cn dng cho phn ng.
b) Tnh nng mol ca dd mui thu c sau phn ng.
c) Nu thay dd KOH bng dd NaOH 10% th cn phi ly bao nhiu gam dd NaOH trung ha ht lng
axit trn.
Bi 4: Ngm 1 l km trong 32g dd CuSO4 10% cho ti khi km khng th tan c na.
a) Vit PTHH. Phn ng trn thuc loi phn ng g?
b) Tnh khi lng km phn ng.
c) Xc nh nng % ca dd sau phn ng.
Bi 5: Trung ha dd KOH 5,6% (D = 10,45g/ml) bng 200g dd H2SO4 14,7%.
a) Tnh th tch dd KOH cn dng.
b) Tnh C% ca dd mui sau phn ng.
Bi 6: Cho dd NaOH 2M tc dng hon ton vi 3,36l kh clo (ktc).
a) Tnh th tch dd NaOH tham gia phn ng.
b) Tnh nng cc cht sau phn ng. (Gi thuyt cho th tch dd thay i khng ng k).
Bi 7: Cho 7,75g natri oxit tc dng vi nc, thu c 250ml dd baz.
a) Tnh nng mol ca dd baz thu c.
b) Tnh khi lng dd H2SO4 20% cn dng trung ha ht lng baz ni trn. T tnh th tch dd
H2SO4 em dng, bit D(dd H SO ) = 1,14g/ml.
Bi 8: Ha tan 21,1g hn hp A gm Zn v ZnO bng 200g dd HCl (va ) thu c dd B v 4,48 l kh H2.
a) Xc nh khi lng mi cht c trong hn hp A.
b) Tnh C% ca dd HCl dng.
c) Tnh khi lng mui c trong dd B.
Bi 9: Cho 21g hn hp bt nhm v nhm oxit tc dng vi dd HCl d lm thot ra 13,44 l kh (ktc).
a) Tnh thnh phn phn trm theo khi lng mi cht trong hn hp u.
b) Tnh th tch dd HCl 36% (D = 1,18g/ml) ha tan va hn hp .
Bi 10: Cho 15,75g hn hp 2 kim loi Cu v Zn vo dd H2SO4 long d, thu c 33,6l kh (ktc).
a) Tnh khi lng mi kim loi trong hn hp u.
b) Tnh khi lng dd mui thu c.
Bi 11: Ha tan hon ton 12,1g hn hp bt CuO v ZnO vo 150ml dd HCl 2M.
a) Tnh thnh phn phn trm theo khi lng mi oxit trong hn hp u.
b) Tnh khi lng dd H2SO4 20% cn ha tan hn hp trn.
Bi 12: Cho 10g hn hp Cu v CuO tc dng vi dd H 2SO4 long d. Lc ly phn cht rn khng tan cho
phn ng vi dd H2SO4 c, nng thu c 1,12 l kh (ktc). Tnh thnh phn % v khi lng mi cht rn
trong hn hp u.
Bi 13: Dn t t 3,136 l kh CO2 (ktc) vo mt dd c ha tan 12,8g NaOH, sn phm l mui Na2CO3.
a) Cht no ly d, d bao nhiu lt (hoc gam)?
b) Tnh khi lng mui thu c.
Bi 14: Cho 3,92g bt st vo 200ml dd CuSO4 10% (D = 1,12g/ml).
a) Tnh khi lng kim loi mi to thnh.
b) Tnh nng mol ca cht c trong dd sau phn ng. (Gi thuyt cho th tch dd thay i khng ng k).
Bi 15: Trn 60ml dd c cha 4,44g CaCl2 vi 140ml dd c cha 3,4g AgNO3.
a) Cho bit hin tng quan st c v vit PTHH.
b) Tnh khi lng cht rn sinh ra.
2

c) Tnh CM ca cht cn li trong dd sau phn ng. Bit th tch dd thay i khng ng k.
Bi 16: Cho 9,2g mt kim loi A phn ng vi kh clo (d) to thnh 23,4g mui. Xc nh tn kim loi A,
bit A c ha tr I.
Bi 17: Cho 0,6g mt kim loi ha tr II tc dng vi nc to ra 0,336 l kh H2 (ktc). Tm tn kim loi .
Bi 18: Nhng 1 l nhm vo dd CuSO4. Sau mt thi gian ly l nhm ra khi dd th thy khi lng dd
gim 1,38g.
a) Tnh khi lng nhm phn ng.
b) Tnh khi lng mui nhm to thnh.

MT S CU HI TRC NGHIM
A Khoanh trn vo u cu tr li ng cho cc cu hi sau:
Cu 1: Nhm cc baz no u b nhit phn hy thnh oxit baz v nc:
a) KOH, NaOH, Ba(OH)2.
c) Fe(OH)3, Zn(OH)2, Cu(OH)2.
b) Ca(OH)2 , Mg(OH)2, Fe(OH)2.
d) Al(OH)3, NaOH, Zn(OH)2.
Cu 2: Dy cht no u tc dng vi dd H2SO4 long:
a) KOH, HCl, BaSO4.
c) KOH, Fe2O3, Cu.
b) BaCl2, Fe, NaOH.
d) SO2, HNO3, Ca(OH)2.
Cu 3: Dy kim loi no sau y tc dng c vi dd CuSO4:
a) Al, Fe, Zn.
b) Zn, Fe, Ag.
c) Cu, Al, Fe.
d) Ag, Cu, Au.
Cu 4: phn bit 2 dd Na2CO3 v Na2SO4, ngi ta c th dng thuc th no sau y:
a) BaCl2.
b) HCl.
c) NaOH.
d) KNO3.
Cu 5: phn bit 2 dd HCl v H2SO4 long, ngi ta c th dng thuc th no sau y:
a) AgNO3 hoc Ba(OH)2.
c) CuSO4 hoc AgCl.
b) BaCl2 hoc CaCl2.
d) NaOH hoc Ba(OH)2.
Cu 6: Phn bit 2 dd NaOH v Ca(OH)2 ta c th dng thuc th no sau y:
a) Qu tm.
c) Kh CO2 .
b) Dd phenolphtalein.
d) Dd H2SO4.
Cu 7: Trong cc cp cht sau y, cp cht no xy ra phn ng ha hc:
a) Fe + dd HCl.
c) Zn + dd FeSO4.
b) Cu + dd H2SO4 long.
d) C a v c.
Cu 8: Theo chiu gim dn hot ng ha hc ca kim loi, dy no sau y ng:
a) Zn, Fe, Al, Cu, Ag.
b) Al, Zn, Fe, Cu, Ag.
c) Fe, Cu, Zn, Ag, Au.
d) Fe, Al, Cu, Mg, Pb.
Cu 9: Kh SO2 c to thnh t phn ng no sau y?
a) K2SO3 + HCl.
b) K2SO4 + H2SO4.
c) NaOH + Na2SO3.
d) CuCl2 + Na2SO3.
Cu 10: C th iu ch FeCl2 t phng php no sau y?
a) Cho Fe tc dng vi dd HCl.
c) Cho bt Fe tc dng vi dd CuCl2.
b) Cho bt FeO tc dng vi dd HCl.
d) C 3 phng php trn.
Cu 11: Dy cht no sau y u tc dng vi dd NaOH ?
a) HCl, CuSO4, Fe.
b) Al, CuCl2, H2SO4.
c) Al, BaCl2, CaCO3.
d) FeO, HCl, Na2SO4.
Cu 12: Dy cc kim loi no phn ng vi nc nhit thng?
a) Al, Fe, Cu.
b) Na, Zn, Ag.
c) Na, K, Ca.
d) Fe, Zn, Ag.
Cu 13: lm sch Ag t hn hp cc bt kim loi: Fe, Al, Cu, Ag, ngi ta dng dung dch:
a) H2SO4 long.
b) HCl.
c) CuSO4.
d) AgNO3.
Cu 14: Kim loi no sau y c th dng lm sch dung dch ZnSO4 c ln tp cht l dd FeSO4?
a) Al.
b) Fe.
c) Zn.
d) Cu.
Cu 15: in phn dung dch NaCl bo ha c mng ngn c th iu ch c:
a) Dd NaOH, kh Cl2.
c) Na kim loi, kh CO2.
b) Dd NaOH.
d) Na kim loi, kh Cl2.
B nh du X vo ct (ng) hoc S (sai) cho thch hp:
NI DUNG
a. Tt c cc kim loi u c tnh do v tnh nh kim nh nhau.
b. Nhm l mt kim loi nh v c khi lng ring l 2,7g/cm3.
c. Mc hot ng ha hc ca cc kim loi gim dn t tri sang phi trong dy hot
ng ha hc ca kim loi.
d. Nhm khng tc dng vi phi kim to ra oxit hoc mui

e. St tc dng vi dd CuSO4 to ra dd FeSO4 v gii phng ng kim loi.

f. Trong cc hp cht, nhm c th c nhiu ha tr khc nhau.
g. Phn ng gia axit v baz thuc loi phn ng trao i.
h. Nhiu oxit axit phn ng vi nc to thnh dung dch lm qu tm ha xanh
i. Nhm v hp cht ca nhm c tnh lng tnh
j. St phn ng vi kh clo iu kin thch hp to mui st (III) clorua.
k. Hu ht cc kim loi phn ng vi dd H 2SO4 c, nng to mui sunfat nhng khng
gii phng kh H2.