MT S QUAN ST V GNG M

Sinh Vin: Nguyn Thnh ng

Lp: A15-K37
Phn . Gii thiu chung.
Ting Anh l mt trong nhng ngn ng quan trong nht trn
th gii xt v s luong ngui ni v tnh hu dung ca n. Hu
ht nhng ngui hoc ting Anh trn th gii hoc ting Anh Anh v
ting Anh M. Tuy vy ngy nay do su nh hung ca M cc
lnh vuc trn th gii d lm cho ting Anh M ngy cng tr nn
ph bin hon. Xt v bi cnh gia quan h Vit Nam v Hoa Ky
d c nhng buc tin dng k. Tuy nhin nhiu trung tm do tao
ngoai ng Vit Nam chua ch trong nhiu ti ting Anh M. Do
vy vi mong mun cung cp mt s ti liu v pht m trong ting
Anh M tc gi d thuc hin nghin cu d ti : " Some
Observations on American Accent ( mt s quan st v giong M).
Bi nghin cu dua trn cc ti liu v ng m trong v ngoi
nuc, dng thi trong bi cn c da CD c ghi giong ca gio vin
day mn ng m ngui M d minh hoa. ng thi d dm bo d
chnh xc tt c cc t trong cc doan duoc nghi trong CD du
duoc kim tra cn thn trong t din pht m Longman.
Bi nghin cu ny gm c 6 chuong chnh:
Chuong : Ljch s ting Anh M.
Chuong : Ngun gc giong m
Chuong : Pht m ting anh m
Chuong V: T ni
Chuong V: Ng diu ting Anh M
Chuong V: Cc m dja phuong M
Phn . Ni Dung Chnh.
Chuong : Ljch s ting Anh M:
Ljch s ngn ng ca mt quc gia thung gn lin vi ljch
s ca quc gia d. Ting Anh M cng khng ngoi quy lut d.
Do d ljch s ting Anh M c th duoc chia lm hai giai doan: giai
doan thuc dja v giai doan m rng v pht trin lnh th.
Chuong : Ljch s giong M:
Trn thuc t c rt nhiu e kin v ngun gc ca giong M.
Do vy trong chuong ny tc gi d cp mt s kin ca cc nh
ngn ng hoc v lich s ting giong M.

Chuong : Pht m ting M:
.1. Phu m T :
Nhiu ngui thung pht m theo kiu Anh M bng cch thay
th m /t/ bng /d/. Tuy vy diu ny khng phi khi no cng dng.
Thuc ra cch pht m phu m T phu thuc rt nhiu vo vj tr ca
n trong t. Do vy c bn cch pht m phu m T :
"T duoc pht m l /t/ :
-khi n dng vj tr du ca mt t . v du : torrow, table,
teach, ten..
- th qu kh don, khi dng truc "ed l mt phu m hu
thanh(f, k, p, s, t}, } , ngoai tr "t)khi d "ed s duoc pht m l
"t. Tuy vy c vi trung hop dc bit: wicked /wiked/, naked
/neiked/.
"T duoc pht m l /d/: khi n dng gia mt t. v du
nhu: Water, daughter, bought a, caught a, lot of, got a, later,
meeting, better.
"T khng duoc pht m:
- trong trung hop "t dng ngay sau "n. v du nhu: interview,
advantage, percentage. Trong trung hop ny ngui M
khng pht m /'intevju/ m ho pht m /'inevju/.
- trong trung hop "t dng cui mt t. v du: put, what, lot,
set, hot.
"T bj bin th: trong cc cum "-tain, "-tten khi pht m lui
dt vj tr pht m phu m "t nhung khng bt hi ra m "t m
bt ra m "n. v du: Written, certain, forgotten...
.2. Phu m "L
Ngui M c hai cch pht m m "l. Khi "L' dng vj tr du
hoc vj tr gia ca mt t, du lui cham ngay ngac cng khi ta
pht m. vj tr ny ta c th pht m d dng. Kh khn khi pht
m m ny l khi L dng vj tr cui ca mt t. vj tr ny ngui
M thung km theo m /e/ ngay truc "l. Mt cch ngui ta s
dung d gim bt su kh khn khi pht m m ny l doc ni m "l
vi m theo sau ngay n (vi diu kin m ny phi l mt nguyn
m). V du: Call on / k:-lon/
.3. TH.
Khi "TH duoc phin m l mt m v thanh n s duoc pht
m l /s/ hoc /t/. Do vy thay v ni Think ngui M s ni Sing
hoc Ting. Nu "TH duoc phin m l mt m hu thanh n s
duoc pht m l // hoc /d/. Do vy thay v ni That ngui M s
ni l at hoc Dat.
.. Phu m ".
Trong ting Anh M, phu m "nhu l mt nguyn m v khi
n duoc pht m, du lui khng cham vo ngac. Do vy hoi
khng bj tc.
.5. Bead hoc Bid.
Cch pht m ca hai m ny phu thuc ln vo phu m
cui. Nu phu m cui l m v thanh th nguyn m gia dng
ngay sau phu m cui d s bj ngn di ( v du nhu trong t : "bit v
"beet). Nguoc lai nu phu m cui l m hu thanh th nguyn m
gia v dng ngay truc phu m cui d s duoc pht m di
gp di ( v du: "bid v "beed)
.6. Nguyn m "A
Nguyn m sau /a:/ trong ting Anh Anh thung duoc thay
th bng nguyn m truc / / trong ting Anh M. v du nhu: thay
v pht m t "answer l /a:nse/ ngui M s pht m l /nse/.
.7. Nguyn m /:/
Nguyn m trong nhiu t duoc ngui M pht m l /a:/. v
du nhu: thay v pht m t "hall l /h:l/ ngui M pht m l
/ha:l/. Trung hop ny cng xy ra vi nguyn m //.
.. /ju:/ thung bj mt /j/
/ju:/ thung bj mt /j/ trong ting Anh M. Do d thay v pht
m t "student l / stju:dnt/ ngui M ni /stu:dnt/.
Chuong V: Ni m
Ging nhu ting Anh Anh, ting Anh M cng c bn quy tc
ni m chnh l: phu m ni vi nguyn m , phu m ni vi phu
m, nguyn m ni vi nguyn m, nhng t tn cng l T, D, S,
ni vi nhng t bt du bng ch ci hoc m //
Chuong V. Ng diu ting Anh M.
Trong chuong ny tc gi d cp djnh ngha v mt s kha
canh trong ng diu ting Anh M.
Chuong V. Mt s m dja phuong M.
V.1. Ting Anh pha Nam M.
C th ni rt kh khi qut ho cch pht m ting Anh
vng Nam M bi v c c rt nhiu bin th trong cc m vng
ny. Tuy vy c th nu ra mt s dc trung sau dy:
// s tr thnh /d/ khi n dng truc /n/. V du nhu: t "
business duoc pht m l / bdns/ ch khng phi l /binis/.
Nguyn m di /ai/ bj bin th thnh /a:/ . V du nhu: ride
/ra:d/ hay wide /wa:d/.
vng ny c hin tuong di ho v ba ho nhng nguyn
m truc v nguyn m ngn. v du: // je, / / je, /i/
ije
Mt s danh t c trong m m tit th hai s duoc chuyn
sang trong m m tit th nht. v du: police, cement, behind.
Nguyn m di bj chuyn thnh nguyn m ngn khi n dng
ngay truc "L. V du: t "feel s duoc pht m ging nhu t "fill.
V.2. Ting Anh vng California.
Nguyn m hng truc duoc nng ln khi n dng truc m
mi / /. Do vy // duoc chuyn thnh /e/ v // duoc chuyn
thnh /i:/. V du: t "king s duoc pht m l /ki:/
Khng c su phn bit gia /r/, /r/ v /er/. Do vy cc t
Mary, marry v merry s duoc pht m gn ging nhau.
Hu ht ngui dn dy khng phn bit nguyn m // v
nguyn m /:/. Do vy cc t nhu "cot v "caught duoc pht m
ging nhau.
V.3. Ting Anh duoc ni bi ngui M gc chu Phi.
C su chuyn di mt s nguyn m di thnh nguyn m
don. V du: // duoc chuyn thnh // v // thnh //.
Nu phu m hu thanh // v phu m v thanh // dng vj
tr du cu mt t chng s duoc pht m l /t/ v /d/. Khi chng
dng vj tr khc chng s duoc pht m l /f/ v /v/.
Phu m mi // bj chuyn thnh /n/ trong nhng t c hai m
tit tr ln. v du: t "morning s duoc pht m l /mrnn/.
// s duoc pht m ging nhu // nu n dng truc phu m
mi. v du: t "pen duoc pht m ging nhu ch "pin.
// v /i:/ du duoc pht m l // nu n dng truc /n/. Do
vy trong trung hop ny t "feel v "fill duoc pht m nhu nhau.
/d/, /b/, /g/ khi dng du mt s t s khng duoc pht m. v
du: "don't s duoc pht m nhu "own.
Nguyn m // duoc pht m l /e/ hoc // before //. V du:
t "think s duoc pht m l /k/ hoc /k/.
Phn . Kt lun
Qua nghin cu ny tc gi mong mun dng gp mt phn
nh b gip nhng ngui quan tm dn ting Anh M c thm ti
liu. Mi nghin cu du c tc gi v ngui doc, v vy tc gi hi
vong bi nghin cu ny s nhn duoc su quan tm t nhiu
ngui. Mc d d c gng v c su gip d tn tnh ca c gio
Trn Thj Manh v cc thy c gio trong khoa cng cc ban hoc,
tc gi kh trnh khi nhng s sut. Do vy nhng gp ca cc
thy c v ban doc s rt qu gi d gip nghin cu ny hon
thin hon.
Ti liu tham kho
1. American accent training/ nternational Standard Book No. -761-
12- Library of Congress Catalog Card No. -755.
2. Pronunciation/ author: Clement Larog/ Oxford University Press
15.
3. nglish Dialects/ author: Clive Upton and .D.A. Widdowson./
Oxford University Press.
. Teaching nglish Pronunciation to Vietnamese learners/ author:
Nguyn Quc Hng, M.A / SAMO-egional language center
Singapore, November-1
5. Phonetics/ author: Martin..Ball and oan ahilly/ Oxford University
Press.
6. Longman pronunciation Dictionary
7. How to teach pronunciation
. Newspaper: nglish Teaching Professional
1. http://www.americanaccent.com
11. ncarta Dictionary 2
12. www.usingenglish.com
13. www.languagesuccesspress.com
1. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GenralAmerican
15. www.dialectaccentspecialists.com
16.http://www.utexas.edu/courses/linguistics/resources/socioling/talkm
ap/talk-nc.html.
17. www.everything2.com/index.pl
1. nglish Phonetics and Phonology/ author : Peter oach
1. nglish Phonetics and Phonology/ author: H Cm Tm M.A
2. Oxford Advanced Learner's ncyclopedic Dictionary.