Php lut v giao kt hp ng mua bn hng ho vi thng nhn nc ngoi kinh nghim so snh php lut Trung Quc

c v nhng nh hng hon thin cho php lut Vit Nam

Trng Th Bch
Khoa Lut Lun vn ThS ngnh: Lut quc t; M s: 60 38 60 Ngi hng dn: TS. Nguyn B Chin Nm bo v: 2012
Abstract: Lun gii nhng vn l lun v php lut v giao kt hp ng mua bn hng ha vi thng nhn nc ngoi v phn tch mt cch c h thng v thc trng v thc tin p dng php lut Vit Nam v giao kt hp ng mua bn hng ha vi thng nhn nc ngoi. So snh php lut Vit Nam v php lut Trung quc v giao kt hp ng mua bn hng ha vi thng nhn nc ngoi trn cc tiu ch: t ng quan v iu chnh php lut v giao kt hp ng mua bn hng ha vi thng nhn nc ngoi, ch trch nhim i vi cc hnh vi vi phm; x l xung t php lut v la chn lut p dng i vi giao dch thng mi vi thng nhn nc ngoi; iu kin c hiu lc ca hp ng mua bn hng ha vi thng nhn nc ngoi. xut cc khuyn ngh nhng nh hng hon thin cho php lut Vit Nam v giao kt hp ng mua bn hng ha vi thng nhn nc ngoi. Keywords: Hp ng mua bn hng ha; Thng nhn nc ngoi; Php lut Trung Quc; Php lut Vit Nam; Lut thng mi; Giao kt hp ng Content M U 1. L do chn ti Trong th gii hin i, hot ng kinh t quc t i h i phi c thc hin theo nhng trt t v chun mc cn thit. Trong h thng php lut thng mi ca mi nc cng nh trong cc iu c, tp qun quc t v thng mi, ch nh hp ng mua bn hng ha c v tr quan trng. y l cng c php l bo m c hiu qu quyn li ca cc bn, l c s cho vic gii quyt nhng bt ng gia cc bn khi thc hin hp ng. m bo thc hin ng l i m rng quan h i ngoi v ch ng h i nhp kinh t quc t, trong nhng nm qua Nh nc ta ch ng xy dng v ban hnh nhiu vn b n

php lut iu chnh cc quan h v thng mi, dn s, kinh t c yu t nc ngoi. Nh nc ta cng tham gia, k kt nhiu iu c quc t v kinh t - thng mi... vi nhiu t chc quc t v vi nhiu quc gia. Tuy nhin, cc quy nh php lut iu chnh quan h hp ng mua bn hng ha vi thng nhn nc ngoi vn cn l lnh vc phc tp v cn c nhng m i m c v phng din lp php v p dng trong thc tin i h i phi c nghin cu. Nhiu quy nh ca php lut v giao kt hp ng mua bn hng ha vi thng nhn nc ngoi vn cha to ra c s php l quan trng cho vic xc lp quan h mua bn hng ha vi nc ngoi, cha thc s th hin c y chnh sch a phng ha, a dng ha quan h kinh t i ngoi, ch ng h i nhp. Nhng bt cp ny cn phi c loi b pht huy hn na vai tr ca php lut v giao kt hp ng mua bn hng ha vi thng nhn nc ngoi trong giai on mi, thch ng vi yu cu h i nhp kinh t quc t. T thc tin v kinh nghim ca cc nc ni chung v ca Vit Nam ni ring, chng ta ngy cng nhn ra vai tr to ln ca php lut v giao kt hp ng mua bn hng ha vi thng nhn nc ngoi trong tin trnh pht trin nn kinh t. V vy, vic nghin cu v lm sng t v mt l lun cc vn lin quan n vic giao kt loi hp ng ny trn c s nh gi thc trng v xc nh phng hng hon thin php lut Vit Nam v giao kt hp ng mua bn hng ha vi thng nhn nc ngoi trong iu kin hin nay ang l vn c ngha c v l lun v thc tin. iu ny khng ch gp phn iu chnh c hiu qu v mt php l i vi hot ng thng mi m cn gp phn hon thin h thng php lut thng mi ni ring v h thng php lut kinh t Vit Nam ni chung. Nghin cu so snh php lut Vit Nam v Trung Quc v giao kt hp ng mua bn hng ha vi thng nhn nc ngoi trong s tham chiu vi cc quy nh ca php lut, thng l quc t nhn thy nhng im chung, nt tng ng, s khc bit, nt c th trong php lut v giao kt hp ng mua bn hng ha vi thng nhn nc ngoi ca Trung Quc - quc gia lng ging c nhiu c im tng t v kinh t, vn ha, x hi, c chung ng bin gii trn b v trn bin, c mi quan h lu i, nhiu mt vi Vit Nam. ngha thc tin ca nghin cu ny cng c khng nh trong bi cnh Trung Quc tr thnh thnh vin chnh thc ca T chc Thng mi Th gii (WTO) vo nm 2001, c nhiu kinh nghim iu chnh php lut thnh cng trong lnh vc giao kt mua bn hng ha vi thng nhn nc ngoi ph hp vi thng l quc t. T nhng phn tch trn y, tc gi la chn ti "Php lut v giao kt hp ng mua bn hng ha vi thng nhn nc ngoi - Kinh nghim so snh php lut Trung Quc v nhng nh hng hon thin cho php lut Vit Nam" cho lun vn thc s lut hc. 2. Tnh hnh nghin cu ti

Php lut v hp ng mua bn hng ha l b phn php lut c v tr quan trng trong php lut v hp ng Vit Nam. Ch nh v hp ng c cp trong php lut Vit Nam ngay t s ra i ca B Quc triu hnh lut nm 1483 v B lut Gia Long nm 1815... Tuy nhin, php lut v hp ng mua bn hng ha ch thc s c nh hnh vi cc quy nh ca Php lnh Hp ng kinh t nm 1989 v c bit sau l B lut Dn s nm 1995, Lut Thng mi nm 2005 v B lut Dn s nm 2005. Vn php lut iu chnh quan h hp ng mua bn hng ha ni chung v hp ng mua bn hng ha vi thng nhn nc ngoi ni ring c nhiu nh khoa hc trong v ngoi nc quan tm nghin cu nhm phn tch, lun gii v a ra nhng kin ngh. T cc hng tip cn khc nhau cc cng trnh nghin cu v hp ng mua bn hng ha vi thng nhn nc ngoi trin khai trn cc hng sau: Th nht, nghin cu lin quan n quan nim v vic xc nh cc tiu ch ca hp ng mua bn hng ha vi thng nhn nc ngoi; Th hai, nghin cu v la chon lut p dng i vi hp ng mua bn hng ha v i thng nhn nc ngoi; Th ba, nghin cu iu kin c hiu lc ca hp ng mua bn hng ha vi thng nhn nc ngoi; Th t, nghin cu v cc giai on ca giao kt hp ng mua bn hng ha vi thng nhn nc ngoi. V quan nim v vic xc nh cc tiu ch ca hp ng mua bn hng ha vi thng nhn nc ngoi, c nhiu cng trnh cp trong tiu biu l Gio trnh Lut thng mi (nm 2002), Gio trnh T php quc t, ca Khoa Lut, i hc Quc gia H Ni (nm 2003), Nxb i hc Quc gia H Ni, Gio trnh Lut Thng mi quc t, ca khoa Lut, i hc Kinh t quc dn, Nxb Lao ng - x hi, 2005 , cun sch "Lm th no trnh ri ro php l khi mua bn", Nxb Php l, 1992. Nhng nghin cu trong cc cng trnh ny a ra quan nim v xc nh tng i r cc tiu ch ca hp ng mua bn vi thng nhn nc ngoi. Vic la chn lut p dng i vi hp ng cng c cp trong nhiu cng trnh, trong ni bt l cc cng trnh nh "Xut khu v hp ng xut khu", Nxb Tr, 1999, "International Business Contract", Nxb Thng k, 1997... Nhn chung, cc cng trnh ny u thng nht v cch thc chn lut p dng l la chn h thng php lut ca mt nc, mt khu vc, mt iu c quc t, thm ch l mt nguyn tc hoc tp qun quc t. Cch la chn lut ph bin c ch ra l la chn php lut ca mt nc lm lut iu chnh hp ng. V iu kin c hiu lc ca hp ng mua bn hng ha vi thng nhn nc ngoi, nhiu nh khoa hc nh PGS.TS Nguyn B Din, PGS.TS Phm Duy Ngha... trong cc Gio trnh Lut

Thng mi v Gio trnh T php quc t nu trn nu bt cc iu kin c hiu lc ca hp ng mua bn hng ha vi thng nhn nc ngoi. Trong nghin cu ca mnh, PGS.TS Nguyn B Din ch ra rng, php lut ca mi nc c nhng quy nh khc nhau v cc iu kin c hiu lc ca hp ng v khi gii quyt v xung t php lut v iu kin hiu lc ca hp ng, php lut nc ngoi p dng ring bit ca hp ng. V cc giai on ca giao kt hp ng mua bn hng ha vi thng nhn nc ngoi c nhiu cng trnh cp trong nh Gio trnh Lut thng mi ca Khoa Lut i hc Quc gia H N i, Nxb i hc Quc gia H N i, 2002. Nhn chung, cc cng trnh nghin cu v vn ny u quan nim qu trnh giao kt phi tri qua hai giai on l ngh giao kt hp ng v chp nhn ngh giao kt hp ng. Nhiu nh khoa hoc tip cn mt s ch ring bit lin quan n giao kt hp ng mua bn hng ha vi thng nhn nc ngoi: v d PGS.TS Trn nh Ho cp n thng nhn trong thng lut M, PGS.TS Phm Hu Ngh cp ti php lut xut nhp khu ca M trong cun sch: "Bc u tm hiu php lut thng mi M", Nh xut bn Khoa hc x hi, nm 2002 do GS.TSKH o Tr c ch bin, PGS.TS Nguyn Nh Pht, PGS.TS Phm Duy Ngha cp n iu kin chung v mua bn hng ha trong Gio trnh Lut Thng mi ca Khoa Lut, i hc quc gia H Ni v trn tp ch Nh nc v php lut... Do tnh cht thi s ca ch nghin cu, nhiu nghin cu sinh, hc vin cao hc lut tip cn nghin cu v hp ng mua bn hng ha vi thng nhn nc ngoi nh lun n ca Nguyn V Hong v "Php lut Vit Nam v giao kt hp ng mua bn hng ha vi thng nhn nc ngoi"; lun n ca L Hong Oanh v "Hon thin php lut thng mi hng ha Vit Nam trong bi cnh hi nhp kinh t quc t", cc lun vn ca Thi Tng Bang: "Gii quyt tranh chp pht sinh t hp ng mua bn quc t hng ha ", V Tin c: "Trch nhim do vi phm hp ng mua bn hng ha quc t"... Nhng cng trnh ny tip cn nhng gc khc nhau nh thc trng php lut v thng mi hng ha, ngun lut iu chnh, x l vi phm hp ng mua bn hng ha vi thng nhn nc ngoi... Tuy nhin, nhiu ni dung lin quan n giao kt hp ng mua bn hng ha vi thng nhn nc ngoi cha c cc cng trnh nu trn khai thc hoc khai thc cha y nh quan h tin hp ng, vn la chn lut p dng v iu kin c hiu lc ca hp ng... Nh vy c th ni, lin quan n ti nghin cu ni trn, hin nay c nhiu cng trnh nghin cu c gi tr c tin hnh. Tuy nhin, c n phi khng nh rng, lnh vc nghin cu ny vn tn ti mt s vn ang cn tranh lun cn tip tc lm r trong iu kin hin hnh Vit Nam nh:

+ Hiu lc php l ca quan h tin hp ng v trch nhim i vi hnh vi lm nh hng quyn v li ch hp php gy thit hi trong quan h tin hp ng. + Vn la chn lut p dng trong giao kt hp ng mua bn hng ha vi thng nhn Trung Quc. + Xu hng vn ng, b i cnh pht trin mi ca php lut Vit Nam v giao kt hp ng mua bn hng ha vi thng nhn nc ngoi trong iu kin gia nhp T chc Thng mi Th gii. 3. Mc ch v phm vi nghin cu ca ti Mc ch ca ti l lun gii nhng vn l lun v thc tin ca php lut Vit Nam v giao kt hp ng mua bn hng ha vi thng nhn nc ngoi; tin hnh phn tch, nh gi so snh php lut Vit Nam v php lut ca Trung Quc v php lut Vit Nam v giao kt hp ng mua bn hng ha vi thng nhn nc ngoi; qua xut nhng gii php hon thin php lut Vit Nam v giao kt hp ng mua bn hng ha vi thng nhn nc ngoi nh m p ng yu cu ca thc tin khch quan trong iu kin kinh t th trng v xu th h i nhp kinh t quc t hin nay. Vi mc ch nghin cu trn, nhim v nghin cu ca ti c xc nh c th gm: + Lun gii nhng vn l lun v php lut v giao kt hp ng mua bn hng ha v i thng nhn nc ngoi v phn tch mt cch c h thng v thc trng v thc tin p dng php lut Vit Nam v giao kt hp ng mua bn hng ha vi thng nhn nc ngoi. + So snh php lut Vit Nam v php lut Trung quc v giao kt hp ng mua bn hng ha vi thng nhn nc ngoi trn cc tiu ch: tng quan v iu chnh php lut v giao kt hp ng mua bn hng ha vi thng nhn nc ngoi, ch trch nhim i vi cc hnh vi vi phm; x l xung t php lut v la chn lut p dng i vi giao dch thng mi vi thng nhn nc ngoi; iu kin c hiu lc ca hp ng mua bn hng ha vi thng nhn nc ngoi; + xut cc khuyn ngh nhng nh hng hon thin cho php lut Vit Nam v giao kt hp ng mua bn hng ha vi thng nhn nc ngoi. 4. Phng php nghin cu ca ti Trn c s phng php lun ca ch ngha Mc - Lnin, t tng H Ch Minh, quan im ng li ca ng v Nh nc ta trong s nghip i mi, ti tp trung s dng mt s phng php ch yu: phng php phn tch, tng hp, so snh... c bit l phng php so snh lut hc. Cc phng php ny c vn dng trong nhiu phn khc nhau ca ti nh phn tch lm r s khc bit gia hp ng mua bn hng ha vi thng nhn nc ngoi vi cc dng

hp ng c yu t nc ngoi khc, v khung php lut vi quan h tin hp ng trong giao kt hp ng mua bn hng ha vi thng nhn nc ngoi... Ngoi ra, ti cn c nghin cu trn c s xem xt, so snh tnh ph bin ca php lut v thng l quc t v giao kt hp ng mua bn hng ha vi thng nhn nc ngoi Vit Nam do cc iu kin kinh t, lch s c th chi phi. ti cng kt hp cht ch gia l lun v thc tin trong vic nghin cu v gii quyt nhng vn m ti t ra. 5. ngha v im mi ca ti + ti cng cp ti quan h tin hp ng trong giao kt hp ng mua bn hng ha vi thng nhn Trung Quc. Khc vi cc cch tip cn trc y tp trung vo ngh giao kt v chp nhn ngh giao kt hp ng, ti i su hn v ch r trc khi hp ng c xc lp v thm ch khi cn l li mi giao kt hp ng, quan h gia cc bn vn c th lm pht sinh nhng ngha v php l nht nh gia cc bn. Nhng phn tch ca ti a ra c s l lun i vi quan h tin hp ng, s phn chia cc giai on v n i dung ca quan h ny xy dng khung php lut iu chnh quan h tin hp ng trong giao kt hp ng mua bn hng ha vi thng nhn Trung Quc trong iu kin hin hnh Vit Nam. + Ch r nhng khc bit gia php lut nc ngoi v php lut Trung Quc khi giao kt hp ng mua bn hng ha vi thng nhn nc ngoi, cc ri ro cn quan tm khi giao kt hp ng v cch gii quyt nhng vn . Lun gii v ch r c th v vn xung t php lut trong qu trnh giao kt hp ng mua bn hng ha vi thng nhn Trung Quc, theo c nhng lut p dng c th c tha thun iu chnh hp ng trong giai on giao kt hp ng, nhng cng c lut p dng khng c tha thun vo thi im ny m c th c xc nh c th sau , ng thi ch ra nhng phng thc chung trong vic iu chnh xung t php lut theo php lut v thng l quc t, t xy dng m hnh l thuyt v cch tip cn thng nht i vi vic gii quyt xung t php lut v la chn lut p dng trong iu kin hi n hnh Vit Nam. + i chiu, so snh cc quy nh tng ng ca php lut Vit Nam vi php lut Trung Quc, bnh lun v cc l do c th dn ti s khc bit ny v nhu cu tu chnh php lut Vit Nam v giao kt hp ng mua bn hng ha vi thng nhn Trung Quc, nu xt thy cn thit. Nhng phn tch, i chiu, so snh ca ti c tp trung vo cc lnh vc c th nh quan h tin hp ng, iu kin hiu lc ca hp ng, la chn lut p dng i vi hp ng... c bit ti a ra nhng phn tch v bnh lun v nhng vn ni cm ca giao dch vi thng nhn Trung Quc nhng cn t c nghin cu Vit Nam nh cm vn, ra tin, mi quan h gia lut cng quc gia v lut t quc gia... v tc ng ca nhng vn ny ti hiu lc ca hp ng mua bn hng ha vi thng nhn nc ngoi.

6. Kt cu ca lun vn Ngoi li m u, kt lun v danh mc ti liu tham kho, n i dung ca lun vn g m 3 chng: Chng 1: Nhng vn l lun v php lut v giao kt hp ng mua bn hng ha v i thng nhn nc ngoi. Chng 2: So snh php lut Vit Nam vi php lut Trung Quc v giao kt hp ng mua bn hng ha vi thng nhn nc ngoi. Chng 3: nh hng v cc gii php hon thin php lut Vit Nam v giao kt hp ng mua bn hng ha vi thng nhn nc ngoi. Chng 1 NHNG VN L LUN V GIAO KT HP NG MUA BN HNG HA VI THNG NHN NC NGOI 1.1. Nhng vn l lun v hp ng mua bn hng ha vi thng nhn nc ngoi 1.1.1 Hng ha v hnh vi mua bn hng ha trong quan h mua bn hng ha vi thng nhn nc ngoi Theo quan nim ca hu ht php lut cc nc trn th gii, hnh vi mua bn hng ha c mt c trng sau y: Mt l, bng hnh vi c th quy nh, hp ng bn hng c th c k kt bng vn bn hoc bng tha thun ming hoc mt phn ca hp ng tha thun bng ming, mt phn vn bn hoc c th c suy on cn c vo hnh vi ca cc bn tham gia k kt hp ng. Hai l, ch th ca hnh vi mua bn hng ha l thng nhn. c im ny cho php phn bit gia hnh vi dn s v hnh vi thng mi. Ba l, hnh vi mua bn hng ha lm chuyn dch quyn s hu i vi hng ha. Mi vic mua bn (tr vic mua bn quyn s dng t) u lm chuyn dch quyn s hu i vi hng ha. Tuy nhin, khc vi hnh vi mua bn khc, hnh vi mua bn hng ha do thng nhn thc hin vi t cch l thng nhn lm thay i ch s hu hng ha l lo i ti sn thuc phm vi p dng cc quy nh ca php lut thng mi. C th th y r, hp ng mua bn hng ha vi thng nhn nc ngoi c nhng c trng ring so v i hp ng mua bn hng ha trong nc. Nhng nt c th ny c th nhn thy thng qua nhiu yu t nh: v lut iu chnh, v ch th ca hp ng.S khc bit ny dn n nhiu vn quan trng cn xc nh r trong quan h gia cc bn ca hp ng nh thng tin v i tc, xc nh lut iu chnh hp ng, xc nh c quan, t chc c thm quyn

gii quyt tranh chp iu ny khng nh s cn thit ca vic tm hiu v lm r nhng c trng ca hp ng mua bn hng ha vi thng nhn nc ngoi. 1.1.2. Thng nhn nc ngoi Nhn chung, cc nc trn th gii tip cn vn thng nhn nc ngoi theo hai hng. - Hng th nht l a ra quan nim v thng nhn nc ngoi - Hng th hai l cp ti nhng vn c lin quan trc tip nh quan nim v cng ty nc ngoi, php nhn nc ngoi Hng tip cn ny c xc lp theo hai hng: a ra quan nim v cng ty nc ngoi v cp quyn, ngha v ca cng ty nc ngoi. Nh vy, cho d cc nc trn th gii c cch tip cn khc nhau v cch g i tn khc nhau i vi thng nc ngoi, nhng im chung c th nhn thy l cc nc u quan ni m thng nhn nc ngoi l ch th c tr, sinh sng bn ngoi lnh th nc , c t chc theo mt quyn ti phn khc ho c c thnh lp nc ngoi. 1.1.3. Khi nim v c im ca hp ng mua bn hng ha vi thng nhn nc ngoi L mt ni dung quan trng ca php lut thng mi quc t, hp ng mua bn hng ha vi thng nhn nc ngoi c ghi nhn trong nhiu iu c.Theo Cng c Vin v mua bn hng ha quc t nm 1980, Cng c La Hay v mua bn ng sn hu hnh nm 1964 v Cng c Lin chu M v lut p dng i vi cc hp ng quc t nm 1994, thng l quc t quan nim l hp ng mua bn hng ha c s dch chuyn hng ha qua bin gii quc gia. Hp ng mua bn hng ha vi thng nhn nc ngoi khng nht thit phi c s dch chuyn hng ha qua bin gii quc gia. Mt khc, ch th ca hp ng mua bn hng ha quc t theo php lut v thng l quc t c th l c nhn, t chc v thm ch c th l Nh nc. V vy, c th hiu hp ng mua bn hng ha vi thng nhn nc ngoi l s tha thun nhm thit lp, thay i hoc chm dt cc quyn v ngha v php l gia cc thng nhn c tr s thng mi cc nc khc nhau v hoc c quc tch khc nhau. 1.2. Khi qut v giao kt hp ng mua bn hng ha vi thng nhn nc ngoi 1.2.1. Khi nim, c im ca giao kt hp ng mua bn hng ha vi thng nhn nc ngoi Theo hiu bit chung, hp ng mua bn hng ha vi thng nhn nc ngoi c coi l c xc lp khi tha mn hai iu kin: Mt l, cc bn t c s tha thun cc n i dung cn giao dch trn tinh thn t nguyn, thin ch v trung thc.

Hai l, s tha thun m cc bn t c phi c th hin di mt hnh thc nht nh ph hp vi quy nh ca php lut hoc ph hp vi s tha thun ca cc bn tham gia hp ng. Nh vy, giao kt hp ng mua bn hng ha vi thng nhn nc ngoi l qu trnh gia cc thng nhn c tr s thng mi cc nc khc nhau v/hoc c quc tch khc nhau, m kt qu cui cng ca qu trnh l s thng nht ch ca cc bn v cc ni dung cn giao dch di hnh thc nht nh. Qua khi nim trn, c th thy giao kt hp ng mua bn hng ha vi thng nhn nc ngoi c nhng nt c trng sau y: Th nht, giao kt hp ng mua bn hng ha vi thng nhn nc ngoi l qu trnh tuyn b ch ca cc ch th trong giao dch vi thng nhn nc ngoi. Th hai, ch th l thng nhn cc nc khc nhau. y l nt c trng n i bt ca giao kt hp ng mua bn hng ha vi thng nhn nc ngoi. S hin din ca thng nhn nc ngoi lm tng tnh phc tp ca giao dch, lm hnh thnh m i quan tm ca cc bn v vic la chn lut p dng i vi hp ng, s iu chnh php lut i vi hng ha c xut khu v nhp khu theo hp ng, s iu chnh php lut cc nc i vi cc thng nhn l cc bn ca hp ng, thm quyn ca c quan ti phn trong gii quyt tranh chp, cng nh tm kim thng tin v i tc Th ba, giao kt hp ng mua bn hng ha vi thng nhn nc ngoi c s thng nht ch ca cc bn v cc ni dung cn giao dch, v d, gi c, iu kin giao hng, iu kin thanh ton, bo him, hp ng mu, iu kin cht lng... Th t, hp ng mua bn hng ha vi thng nhn nc ngoi c xc lp di hnh thc nht nh. Tuy nhin, nhng i h i v hnh thc ca hp ng mua bn hng ha v i thng nhn nc ngoi thng thng c quy nh ngt ngho hn so vi cc quy nh v hnh thc ca hp ng mua bn hng ha trong nc. C th khng nh rng, qu trnh giao kt hp ng mua bn hng ha vi thng nhn nc ngoi thng phc tp bi v cc bn phi gii quyt cc vn sau: Mt l, xung t php lut trong giao kt hp ng mua bn hng ha vi thng nhn nc ngoi. Hai l, lut p dng v la chn lut p dng trong giao kt hp ng mua bn hng ha v i thng nhn nc ngoi. Ba l, quan h tin hp ng trong giao kt hp ng mua bn hng ha vi thng nhn nc ngoi.

1.2.2. Xung t php lut trong giao kt hp ng mua bn hng ha vi thng nhn nc ngoi Quy nh v xung t php lut ca cc nc c ghi nhn trong nhiu vn bn khc nhau, c nc trong lut v t php quc t, c nc li ghi nhn trong cc phn ring bit ca o lut, v c nc li trong phn t php quc t ca o lut. Tuy nhin, nhn chung php lut cc nc u thng nht nhng im sau y: Mt l, cc nc u tn trng quyn t do la chn lut p dng i vi hp ng ca cc bn c lin quan; Hai l, trong trng hp cc bn khng la chn c lut p dng i vi hp ng, lut c p dng l lut c m i quan h gn gi nht vi hp ng. Ba l, lut c p dng c th l lut ca nc ni ngi bn c tr. Vic la chn lut p dng i vi hp ng mua bn hng ha vi thng nhn nc ngoi c ghi nhn trong nhiu iu c v vn kin quc t. S ra i ca cc iu c v vn kin quc t ny th hin nhng n lc ln ca th gii trong vic thng nht ha v hi ha ha php lut thng mi nhm gii quyt c hiu qu i vi hin tng xung t php lut. Nhng n lc khc ca vic hi ha php lut c th thy thng qua vic ban hnh Nguyn tc Lut Hp ng Chu u v Nguyn t c Hp ng thng mi quc t. 1.3. Quan h tin hp ng trong giao kt hp ng mua bn hng ha vi thng nhn nc ngoi theo php lut v thng l quc t Quan h tin hp ng trong giao kt hp ng mua bn hng ha vi thng nhn nc ngoi theo php lut v thng l quc t Trn th gii c nhiu cch tip cn khc nhau i vi cc quan h tin hp ng, nhng nhn chung cc cch tip cn ny u cho thy quan h tin hp ng bao gm cc vn sau y: 1. Hiu lc ca li mi giao kt hp ng (v d, qung co, trng by gii thiu hng ha) 2. Cc cng c lm thun tin giao dch (v d, th trao i s hiu bit ln nhau, th trao i nh); 3. ngh giao kt hp ng v chp nhn ngh giao kt hp ng 4. Cc hnh thc x l vi phm i vi hnh vi lm nh hng quyn v li ch hp php, gy thit hi cho bn kia trong quan h tin hp ng 5. Lut p dng i vi cc quan h tin hp ng Cc quy nh lin quan n hiu lc ca li mi giao kt hp ng Nhn t quan trng u tin khi xem xt quan h tin hp ng l li m i giao kt hp ng. Li mi giao kt hp ng khng phi l mt ngh giao kt hp ng m ch l mt s by t

 nh thng lng i n to lp ngh giao kt hp ng. Li mi giao kt hp ng thng thng l im khi u ca qu trnh m phn hp ng. Li mi giao kt hp ng c th th hin di nhiu dng khc nhau nh qung co, trng by gii thiu hng ha, catalogue. Cc ti liu ghi nhn v lm thun tin giao dch Mt hnh thc c th c s dng trong m phn cc hp ng mua bn hng ha vi thng nhn nc ngoi trong php lut cc nc l cc ti liu ghi nhn v lm thun tin giao dch. Cc ti liu ny c th th hin di nhiu dng nh th trao i s hiu bit ln nhau, th trao i nh, tha thun s b ngh giao kt hp ng v chp nhn ngh giao kt hp ng ngh giao kt hp ng l quyt nh n phng c ch ca mt ngi by t nh giao kt hp ng theo nhng iu kin xc nh, c th v r rng vi mt hay nhiu ngi khc, c th km theo hoc khng km theo hn tr li. Cc hnh thc trch nhim i vi hnh vi lm nh hng quyn v li ch hp php, gy thit hi cho bn kia trong quan h tin hp ng - Trch nhim i vi vic vi phm ngha v trung thc, thin ch trong quan h tin hp ng; - Trch nhim i vi hnh vi vi phm cc ngha v khc trong quan h tin hp ng 1.4. iu kin hiu lc ca hp ng mua bn hng ha vi thng nhn nc ngoi Tuy nhin, xut pht t c im ring ca giao dch vi thng nhn nc ngoi, ngoi nhng iu kin chung i vi hp ng, hp ng mua bn hng ha vi thng nhn nc ngoi c nhng nt c th. Nhng nt c th v iu kin c hiu lc ca hp ng mua bn hng ha vi thng nhn nc ngoi c hiu lc php l th hin thng qua nhng iu kin sau y: iu kin v ch th ca hp ng; iu kin v hng ha l i tng ca hp ng; iu kin v n i dung ca hp ng; iu kin v hnh thc ca hp ng. 1.4.1. iu kin v ch th ca hp ng S tham gia ca thng nhn nc ngoi lm cho quan h mua bn hng ha vi thng nhn nc ngoi c nt c th so vi quan h mua bn hng ha trong nc. Ch th ca hp ng mua bn hng ha vi thng nhn nc ngoi phi c y nhng iu kin do php lut qui nh c tham gia quan h hp ng mua bn hng ha vi thng nhn nc ngoi. iu ny c ngha l c hiu lc php l, ch th giao kt hp ng mua bn hng ha vi thng nhn nc ngoi phi c y t cch php l. 1.4.2. iu kin v hng ha l i tng ca hp ng

Hng ha l i tng ca hp ng mua bn hng ha vi thng nhn nc ngoi phi thuc din i tng c th giao dch c, khng thuc loi hng ha b cm xut khu, cm nhp khu, khng thuc din b hn ch xut, nhp khu. 1.4.3. iu kin v ni dung ca hp ng Lin quan n n i dung ca hp ng cn cn nhc n nhng tha thun ca cc bn trong hp ng nhm nhng mc ch nht nh nh ra tin hay ti tr cho hot ng khng b. y l nhng hnh vi xut hin nhiu trong thi gian gn y trong giao lu quc t. 1.4.4. iu kin v hnh thc ca hp ng Nh vy, trn thc t khng mt h thng php lut no li min tr hon ton cc yu cu v hnh thc ca hp ng. Vn t ra l ch, yu cu v hnh thc ca hp ng c phi l iu kin bt buc xc nh hiu lc ca hp ng hay khng. Nhn chung, c th khng nh rng, hnh thc ca hp ng khng c coi l iu kin hiu lc ca hp ng, cho d mt s t nc, chng hn Cng ha lin bang c ghi nhn iu ny. Tuy nhin, hnh thc ca hp ng c ngha quan trng trong vic chng minh v l chng c trc ta n. 1.5. Php lut p dng trong hp ng mua bn hng ha quc t Hp ng mua bn hng ha quc t l mt hnh thc php l ca quan h thng mi quc t nn chu s iu chnh ca cc ngun lut thng mi quc t, bao gm cc iu c v mua bn hng ha quc t, cc tp qun quc t v thng mi v php lut quc gia. Chng 2 SO SNH PHP LUT VIT NAM V PHP LUT TRUNG QUC V GIAO KT HP NG MUA BN HNG HA VI THNG NHN NC NGOI 2.1. Th c trng cc quy nh v cc quan h tin hp ng trong giao kt hp ng mua bn hng ha vi thng nhn nc ngoi ca Vit Nam v Trung Quc 2.1.1. iu chnh php lut i vi cc hnh vi trong quan h tin hp ng Tng quan iu chnh php lut v hp ng ca Vit Nam v Trung Quc Nhn mt cch tng qut, c th thy php lut Vit Nam xc lp mt s c s php l quan trng i vi vic iu chnh quan h tin hp ng. Nhng c s php l ny th hi n trc ht thng qua quy nh v bi thng thit h i, vic ghi nhn nguyn tc trung thc, thin ch, t do giao kt hp ng, nhng trng hp hp ng c giao kt cn phi c s chp thun trc, cc quy nh v qung co, trin lm, trng by, gi i thiu hng ha Cng v i cch tip cn nu trn, Lu t hp ng ca Trung Quc 1999 nu r cc nguyn tc c bn khi xc lp hp ng nh: bnh ng (iu 3), quyn t nguyn giao kt

hp ng (iu 4), cng bng (iu 5) v lnh mnh (iu 6), ngha v bo mt thng tin trong quan h thng mi (iu 43). V nng lc ch th khi giao kt hp ng Php lut v doanh nghip ca Vit Nam lm r nhng trng hp hp ng, giao dch phi c chp thun trc. i vi cng ty trch nhim hu hn hai thnh vin tr ln th hp ng giao dch gia cng ty vi cc i tng nht nh di y phi c Hi ng thnh vin chp thun trc (Lut doanh nghip 2005): (a) Thnh vin, ngi i din theo y quyn ca thnh vin, Gim c hoc Tng Gim c, ngi i din theo php lut ca cng ty; (b) Ngi c lin quan ca nhng ngi nu im a; (c) Ngi qun l cng ty m, ngi c thm quyn b nhim ngi qun l cng ty m; (d) Ngi c lin quan ca ngi quy nh ti im c. ngh giao kt hp ng v chp nhn li ngh Mt n i dung khc trong vic iu chnh ca php lut Vit Nam i vi quan h tin hp ng l ngh giao kt hp ng v chp nhn ngh giao kt hp ng. Vic giao kt hp ng c th hin thng qua mt ngh giao kt hp ng v chp nhn ngh giao kt hp ng. Theo php lut Vit Nam, ngh giao kt hp ng l vic th hin r nh giao kt hp ng v chu s rng buc v ngh ny ca bn ngh i vi bn c xc nh c th. iu 14 ca Lut hp ng Trung Quc cng xc nh r, li ngh phi cha ng cc iu khon c th v xc nh v sau khi c chp nhn n c gi tr rng buc i vi bn c ngh. 2.1.2. Ch trch nhim i vi cc hnh vi vi phm quan h tin hp ng Cng vi vic quy nh mt s ni dung lin quan n quan h tin hp ng, php lut Vit Nam cng c mt s quy nh cp n ch trch nhim i vi cc hnh vi vi phm khng pht sinh t hp ng. B lut Dn s nm 2005 v cc vn bn quy phm php lut c lin quan quy nh v ch trch nhim i vi vic bi thng thit hi ngoi hp ng theo cc iu 604, 605 v 608. Khc vi cch tip cn ca php lut hp ng ca Vit Nam, Lut hp ng ca Trung Quc nm 1999 cng c quy nh chi tit v trch nhim bi thng thit hi trong giai on ti n hp ng. Theo , ngha v bi thng thit hi s pht sinh trong cc trng hp sau, khi mt Bn: (i) C hnh vi khng trung thc nhm hon thnh vic giao kt hp ng;

(ii) C tnh che giu s tht c lin quan trc tip n vic giao kt hp ng hoc cung cp thng tin sai s tht; (iii) C bt c hnh vi no i ngc li nguyn tc trung thc khi giao kt hp ng (iu 42) 2.2. Thc trng php lut Vit Nam v x l xung t php lut v la chn lut p dng i vi giao dch thng mi vi thng nhn nc ngoi Qua nghin cu so snh cc quy nh php lut v x l xung t php lut v la chn lut p dng cho hp ng ca Vit Nam v Trung Qu c, c th i n nhng nhn xt khi qut sau y: + Php lut Vit Nam cha c nhng quy nh c th v la chn lut p dng i v i cc quan h tin hp ng trong giao k t hp ng c yu t nc ngoi. + Cc quy nh hin hnh ca Vit Nam v qung co, trng by, gii thiu hng ha, h i ch, trin lm thng mi... cha cho php lm r nhng trng hp, v d thng nhn Vit Nam sang trin lm v bn hng Trung Quc th lut no s c p dng ? Trng hp thng nhn nc ngoi bn hng t i Vit Nam th lut chi phi quan h ny l lut no ? Gi nh rng lut p dng i vi quan h hp ng c la chn th liu lut p dng ny c t ng quay tr li p dng i vi quan h tin hp ng hay khng ? Trng hp lut p dng c ghi nhn trong cc vn bn c xc lp trong qu trnh m phn hp ng nh Bin b n lm vic, Bn ghi nh nhng sau ny li khng c cp trong hp ng th quan h ny c gii quyt nh th no ? Cc quy nh hin hnh ca php lut Vit Nam cha cho php l gii y nhng vn ny. Nhn chung, c th thy rng php lut Vit Nam cha c quy nh r rng v c th v lut p dng i vi cc quan h tin hp ng. + Php lut Vit Nam cha lm r c nhng trng hp nh mt bn a ra mt li m i cho xc tin bn mt loi hng ha th php lut no c p dng iu chnh hnh vi ny, cng nh nu mt bn c hnh vi la d i lm nh hng n quyn li ca mt bn tham gia quan h nu trn th ch trch nhim c gii quyt nh th no, h thng php lut no c th c p dng iu chnh lo i hnh vi phm . + Nghin cu cc hp ng mua bn hng ha vi thng nhn nc ngoi trong nhiu nm gn y, c th nhn thy cc doanh nghip Vit Nam bc u c s la chn lut p dng i vi hp ng, nhng nhn chung u khng ch r lut p dng. Cc doanh nghip Vit Nam cng cha c thi quen s dng cc tp qun thng mi quc t khc. 2.3. Thc trng cc quy nh php lut v iu kin c hiu lc ca hp ng mua bn hng ha vi thng nhn nc ngoi

Nhn chung, nhng quy nh ca php lut Vit Nam v Lut hp ng ca Trung Quc nm 1999 v iu kin hiu lc ca hp ng l tng ng vi php lut cc nc v thng l quc t. Cc yu cu v iu kin hiu lc ca hp ng mua bn hng ha vi thng nhn nc ngoi v c bn cng c xem xt vi cc ni dung sau y: + Yu cu v hnh thc ca hp ng; + Yu cu v n i dung ca hp ng; + Yu cu v ch th ca hp ng; + Yu cu v i tng ca hp ng; Tuy nhin, xut pht t nhng c im c th ca hp ng mua bn hng ha vi thng nhn nc ngoi vi hp ng mua bn hng ha trong nc, nhng yu cu v iu kin hiu lc ca hp ng mua bn hng ha vi thng nhn nc ngoi Vit Nam v Trung Quc c nhng nt c th ring. 2.3.1. Cc quy nh v hnh thc ca hp ng mua bn hng ha vi thng nhn nc ngoi Vic ch ra c th v r rng nhng yu cu bt buc v hnh thc i vi hp ng mua bn hng ha vi thng nhn nc ngoi l nt c th ca Vit Nam so vi php lut cc nc v thng l quc t. Theo Lut hp ng ca Trung Quc nm 1999 v thng l quc t khng a ra nhng quy nh c tnh bt buc nh php lut Vit Nam v hnh thc ca hp ng mua bn hng ha vi thng nhn nc ngoi. Tuy nhin, trong nhng nm gn y, thc tin p dng php lut ni chung v xt x ni ring Trung Quc cng ang cho thy yu cu v hnh thc i vi hp ng mua bn hng ha vi thng nhn nc ngoi ngy cng tr nn ph bin v tn ti trong nhiu o lut chuyn ngnh nh: tn dng, bo him, logistics.... 2.3.2. Cc quy nh v ch th ca hp ng mua bn hng ha vi thng nhn nc ngoi 2.3.2.1. Cc quy nh v thm quyn ca thng nhn v thng nhn nc ngoi trong quan h giao kt hp ng vi thng nhn nc ngoi Thng nhn c ngha v ng k kinh doanh theo quy nh ca php lut. Trng hp cha ng k kinh doanh, thng nhn vn phi chu trch nhim v mi hot ng ca mnh theo quy nh ca Lut Thng mi v quy nh khc ca php lut (Lut Thng mi, iu 7). Cch tip cn ny ca Lut Thng mi cho thy Lut Thng mi gin tip tha nhn s tn ti ca thng nhn thc t, tuy nhin cha ch r c s php l cho loi hnh thng nhn ny. Trn thc t, tha nhn loi hnh thng nhn thc t ngha l tha nhn s tn ti ca thng nhn trn c s cc tiu ch mang tnh bn cht, l "vic hot ng thng mi mt cch c lp, thng xuyn" ch

khng da trn tiu ch ng k kinh doanh. ng k kinh doanh theo hng ny c quan nim l mt ngha v ca thng nhn. 2.3.2.2. Cc quy nh v thm quyn i din giao kt hp ng mua bn hng ha vi thng nhn nc ngoi Cng vi vic quy nh v thng nhn v thng nhn nc ngoi, php lut Vit Nam phn no lm r v thm quyn ca ch th giao kt hp ng trong cc giao dch kinh doanhthng mi. C th l php lut Vit Nam a ra nhng quy nh tng i r rng v ng i i din theo php lut v ngi i din theo y quyn. Php lut Vit Nam khng c s phn bit v thm quyn giao kt hp ng gia cc giao dch thng mi trong nc v cc giao dch thng mi vi thng nhn nc ngoi, m p dng nhng quy nh chung v thm quyn giao kt i vi c hai loi hnh giao dch ny. 2.3.3. Cc quy nh v ni dung ca hp ng mua bn hng ha vi thng nhn nc ngoi Php lut Vit Nam hin hnh khng quy nh nhng iu khon no l iu khon bt buc i vi hp ng. y l quy nh khc so vi trc y. C Php lnh Hp ng kinh t nm 1989, B lut Dn s nm 1995 v Lut Thng mi nm 1997 u quy nh nhng n i dung ch yu ca hp ng, trong Lut Thng mi nm 1997 cn quy nh thm nhng ni dung ch yu ca hp ng mua bn hng ha vi thng nhn nc ngoi. Theo php lut Vit Nam hin hnh, ty theo tng loi hp ng, cc bn c th tha thun v nhng ni dung sau y (B lut Dn s, iu 402): Chng 3 NH HNG V CC GII PHP HON THIN PHP LUT VIT NAM V GIAO KT HP NG MUA BN HNG HA VI THNG NHN NC NGOI 3.1 S cn thit v nhng yu cu ca vic hon thin php lut Vit Nam v giao kt hp ng mua bn hng ha vi thng nhn nc ngoi Trong iu kin pht trin kinh t th trng v hi nhp kinh t quc t ang din ra mnh m hin nay, hon thin php lut v giao kt hp ng mua bn hng ha vi thng nhn nc ngoi l mt yu cu mang tnh tt yu khch quan v nhng l do c bn sau y: Th nht, do nhng i hi khch quan ca iu kin kinh t - x hi trong nc. Th hai, do nhng yu cu khch quan ca vic hi nhp kinh t quc t v gia nhp WTO. Th ba, do nhng im khng ph hp vi thc tin kinh t x h i v h i nhp quc t ca php lut hin hnh v giao kt hp ng mua bn hng ha vi thng nhn nc ngoi.

3.2. Nhng nh hng c bn ca vic hon thin php lut Vit Nam v giao kt hp ng mua bn hng ha vi thng nhn nc ngoi - Th ch ha y , kp thi ng l i, chnh sch ca ng v h i nhp kinh t quc t. - Hon thin php lut v hp ng mua bn hng ha vi thng nhn nc ngoi ca Vit Nam cn m bo s ph hp vi cc c im ca nn kinh t Vit Nam - Hon thin php lut v hp ng mua bn hng ha vi thng nhn nc ngoi ca Vit Nam cn m bo s ph hp vi php lut, thng l quc t v cn phi t trong gii php tng th vi vic hon thin h thng php lut thng mi. 3.3. Nhng gii php c bn nhm hon thin php lut Vit Nam v giao kt hp ng mua bn hng ha vi thng nhn nc ngoi Qua nghin cu nhng kinh nghim iu chnh php lut v giao kt hp ng mua bn hng ha vi thng nhn nc ngoi ca mt s quc gia trn th gii v c bit t kinh nghim ca Trung Quc, cho php Lun vn xut mt s gii php c bn nhm gii quyt nhng im bt hp l, cha kh thi trong php lut hin hnh. Nhng n i dung cn hon thin bao gm: + Hon thin cc quy nh v quan h tin hp ng trong giao kt hp ng mua bn hng ha vi thng nhn nc ngoi; + Hon thin cc quy nh v x l xung t php lut v la chn lut p dng i vi hp ng trong giao kt hp ng mua bn hng ha vi thng nhn nc ngoi; + Hon thin cc quy nh v iu kin c hiu lc ca hp ng trong giao kt hp ng mua bn hng ha vi thng nhn nc ngoi; + Thc hin hp l cc iu c quc t lin quan n hp ng mua bn hng ha vi thng nhn nc ngoi. 3.3.1. Hon thin cc quy nh v quan h tin hp ng trong giao kt hp ng mua bn hng ha vi thng nhn nc ngoi hon thin php lut Vit Nam v quan h tin hp ng trong giao kt hp ng mua bn hng ha vi thng nhn nc ngoi cn thc hin nhng bin php sau y: + Xy dng v ban hnh quy nh v l i mi a ra ngh giao kt hp ng v gi tr php l ca nhng li mi ny + Xy dng v ban hnh cc quy nh v gi tr php l ca cc quan h c tnh cht tin trin hng ti vic giao kt hp ng nhng trn thc t hp ng khng c giao kt + Xy dng v ban hnh cc quy nh xc nh c th gi tr php l ca cc tha thun t c trong qu trnh m phn hp ng

+ Xy dng v ban hnh cc quy nh v ch trch nhim i vi nhng hnh vi xm phm quan h tin hp ng 3.3.2. Hon thin cc quy nh v x l xung t php lut v la chn lut p dng i vi hp ng trong giao kt hp ng mua bn hng ha vi thng nhn nc ngoi Th nht, php lut hin hnh ca Vit Nam i vi cc tiu chun v k thut, v sinh an ton thc phm ... l cha y , lc hu vi yu cu h i nhp kinh t quc t. Th hai, php lut Vit Nam cha lm r c trng hp giao dch c din ra gia mt chi nhnh ca thng nhn nc ngoi v mt doanh nghip Vit Nam . Th ba, khi iu chnh cc giao dch kinh doanh, php lut phn nh, trc tip hoc gin tip, nhng gi tr o c m ngi kinh doanh cn phi hnh ng khi quan h vi ngi khc. Th t, php lut Vit Nam cha lm r c hiu lc php l ca nhng giao dch kinh doanh i vi i tc nc ngoi c php lut, thng l quc t xem l tri php lut: + Php lut Vit Nam cha lm r c hiu lc php l ca nhng giao dch kinh doanh i vi i tc nc ngoi nhng trong trng hp b nc cm vn. + Php lut Vit Nam cha lm r c hiu lc php l ca nhng giao dch kinh doanh i vi i tc nc ngoi nhm ra tin. + Php lut Vit Nam cha lm r c hiu lc php l ca nhng giao dch kinh doanh i vi i tc nc ngoi nhng nhm ti tr cho hot ng khng b. 3.3.3. Thc hin hp l cc iu c quc t lin quan n hp ng mua bn hng ha vi thng nhn nc ngoi Thc hin hp l cc iu c quc t lin quan n hp ng mua bn hng ha vi thng nhn nc ngoi mt mt to iu kin thun li cho thng nhn Vit Nam v thng nhn nc ngoi c kh nng tm hiu v tip cn php lut v chnh sch v thng mi ca Vit Nam, tng cng kh nng thc thi cc iu c quc t m Vit Nam l thnh vin, cng nh xc lp c s php lut Vit Nam ph hp vi cc chun mc ca php lut v thng l quc t. KT LUN 1. Hp ng mua bn hng ha vi thng nhn nc ngoi lun lun gn lin vi cc yu t quc t trn nhiu mt, trong cc yu t quan trng l php lut quc t v tp qun thng mi quc t. Do , thc y cc quan h hp ng mua bn hng ha vi thng nhn nc ngoi, i h i cc bn phi hiu r c im v bn cht ca loi hp ng ny. 2. Quan h hp ng mua bn hng ha vi thng nhn nc ngoi do nhiu ngun lut iu chnh bao gm iu c quc t, tp qun thng mi quc t, lut quc gia, lex mercatoria, cc nguyn tc, hc thuyt, l cng bng nn i hi vic xy dng v hon thin cc quy nh php

lut quc gia khng th tch bit vi vic nghin cu v vn dng cc ngun lut . Trong hot ng lp php, ch trn c s vn dng c chn lc ph hp vi thc tin t nc th php lut thng mi ca quc gia mi tr thnh cng c thc y quan h thng mi quc t pht trin. 3. Giao kt hp ng mua bn hng ha vi thng nhn nc ngoi l mt qu trnh phc tp lin quan n nhiu loi giao dch khc nhau, nhiu ch th khc nhau v chu s iu chnh ca h thng php lut khc nhau. Vic lm r cc giai on ca qu trnh giao kt hp ng t xc nh ni dung nghin cu l vic lm cn thit i vi hot ng giao kt hp ng. Chng hn, lun vn cho rng trc khi hp ng c giao kt, quan h gia cc bn cng c th ko theo nhng ngha v nht nh. V l , nghin cu hon thin php lut v giao kt hp ng mua bn hng ha vi thng nhn nc ngoi khng th khng tnh n cc vn nu trn v cn c tin hnh mt cch ton din bao gm c cc qui nh php lut v thng nhn nc ngoi, cc quy nh v quan h hp ng, iu kin c hiu lc ca hp ng, phng thc giao kt hp ng, cc quy nh v xung t php lut 4. Trong iu kin hi nhp kinh t quc t v gia nhp T chc Thng mi Th gii ca Vit Nam, php lut v giao kt hp ng mua bn hng ha vi thng nhn nc ngoi ng vai tr quan trng. C th khng nh php lut v giao kt hp ng mua bn hng ha v i thng nhn nc ngoi th ch ha ng li, quan im ca ng v Nh nc trong vic iu chnh php lut v giao kt hp ng, to lp khung php l m bo quyn t do hp ng. 5. Nhn chung, php lut v giao kt hp ng mua bn hng ha vi thng nhn nc ngoi ca Vit Nam th hin c nhng thay i tch cc ph hp vi iu kin hon cnh Vit Nam v nhiu quy nh ph hp vi php lut v thng l quc t, v d cc quy nh v iu kin c hiu lc ca hp ng, ngh giao kt hp ng v chp nhn ngh giao kt hp ng... Tuy nhin, mt s quy nh c th v giao kt hp ng vn cn bc l nhng bt cp nht nh, trong quan trng c th k n l cc quy nh v quan h tin hp ng, cc quy nh lin quan n cc xu hng mi hin nay trong quan h thng mi vi nc ngoi nh chng ra tin, cm vn... 6. Nhn chung, doanh nghip Vit Nam c thc tm hiu php lut v thng l quc t khi giao kt hp ng mua bn hng ha vi thng nhn nc ngoi, nhng nhng hiu bit ca doanh nghip Vit Nam vn phn no cn hn ch. iu ny dn ti s hn ch trong vic tm kim thng tin v ch th giao kt hp ng, la chn lut iu chnh hp ng v cha lm quen vi nhng thng l mi nht trong giao dch hng ha vi nc ngoi. 7. T s cn thit ca vic phi nhanh chng hon thin php lut v giao kt hp ng mua bn hng ha vi thng nhn nc ngoi trong iu kin kinh t th trng nh hng x h i ch ngha v h i nhp kinh t quc t hin nay Vit Nam, v t kt qu nghin cu so snh

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99. The Convention relating to a Uniform Law on the International Sale of Goods 1964. 100. The Foreign Economic Contract Law of the Peoples Republic of China 1985. 101. The Finish Act on Law Applicable to Sale of Goods of International Character 1964. 102. The 1980 Rome Convention on the Law Applicable to Contractual Obligations. 103. The Uniform Act relating to General Commercial Law (OHADA) 1997. 104. The Uniform Commercial Code of the United States. 105. The Executive Order 13224 - blocking property and prohibiting transactions with persons who commit, threaten to commit, of support terrorism. 106. The Forty Recommendations on Money Laundering. 1990. Revised in 1996 and 2003. The Financial Action Task Force on Money Laundering (FATF). 107. THE UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES AND TRANSNATIONAL LAW. Michael Joachim BonellChairman of the Working Group for the preparation of the UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts 108. UNIDROIT Principles 2004 - The New Edition of the Principles of International Commercial Contracts adopted by the International Institute for the Unification of Private Law". Michael Joachim Bonell. 109. World Investment Report 1999. Foreign Direct Investment and the Challenge of the Development.