PH1130

VT L I CNG III (QUANG-VT L LNG T)

1. Tn hc phn: VT L I CNG III

2. M s:

PH1130

3. Khi lng:

3 (2-1-1-6)

L thuyt:
Bi tp:
Th nghim:

30 gi
15 gi
6 bi (x 2 gi)

4. i tng tham d: Sinh vin i hc cc ngnh k thut t hc k 2.

5. iu kin hc phn:
Hc phn tin quyt:
Hc phn hc trc:
Hc phn song hnh:
6. Mc tiu hc phn: Cung cp cho sinh vin nhng kin thc c bn v Vt l i cng Phn
Quang sng, Vt l lng t, Thuyt tng i (hp), lm c s sinh vin hc cc mn k thut
(Vt l hm nay l k thut ngy mai).
Sau khi hc xong phn ny, sinh vin cn cn nm c:
- S khc nhau v ging nhau gia hai hin tng giao thoa v nhiu x.
- Bit vn dng giao thoa trong cc my o chit sut, o bc sng, to lp phn x trn cc knh
ca dng c quang hc.
- Bit vn dng nhiu x trong my phn tch quang ph, my nhiu x tia X, dng hin tng
quay mt phng phn cc trong my o nng ng
- Cc nh lut ca s bc x nhit nh nh lut Stephan-Boltzmann, nh lut Wien
- Bit vn dng cc nh lut bc x nhit xc nh nhit l nung, vt nng sng xa bng
ha k quang hc.
- Lng tnh sng-ht l tnh chung ca cc ht vi m nh electron, proton, neutron, nguyn t,
phn t, photon (nh sng). V vy khng p dng c cc nh lut Newton xt chuyn ng
ca cc ht ny, m phi dng phng php Schrodinger.
- Hiu ng ng hm c nhiu ng dng k thut: ch to diode tunnel (va c th tch sng,
va c th khuych i tn hiu), knh hin vi qut dng hiu ng ng hm,..
- Cc mc nng lng trong nguyn t l gin on. Mmen ng lng ca chuyn ng
electron trong nguyn t cng gin on.
- Quang ph nguyn t l c trng ring cho tng nguyn t ha hc
- Bit vn dng nguyn l Pauli v lut sp xp cc electron theo cc trng thi nguyn t gii
thch bng tun hon cc nguyn t
- Cu trc cc vng nng lng trong cht rn tinh th v t phn loi vt dn, in mi, bn
dn
- c tnh lp tip xc p-n v ng dng ch to transistor
- Pht x cm ng khc vi pht x t nhin v cc tnh cht ca bc x cm ng
- Cch to ra mi trng kch hot v tnh c th khuch i bc x qua mi trng kch hot
pht ra tia laser
- Cc tnh cht k diu v nhng ng dng a dng ca laser
- Khng gian, thi gian c tnh tng i, ph thuc vo h quy chiu
- S tng ng v c th chuyn ha gia khi lng v nng lng; bit vn dng mi tng
quan ny trong k thut ht nhn.
7. Ni dung vn tt hc phn:
Tnh sng ca nh sng gm cc hin tng giao thoa, nhiu x, phn cc.
Tnh ht ca nh sng gm cc hin tng bc x nhit, Compton.

Lng tnh sng-ht ca cc ht vi m (nh electron, nguyn t,..). Phng trnh c bn ca

c hc lng t (phng trnh Schrodinger). Kho st: Hiu ng ng hm, dao t iu ha,
nguyn t Hydro, nguyn t kim (v nng lng, quang ph, trng thi, xc sut thy electron).
Tnh cht t ca nguyn t. Spin ca electron v cu trc t vi ca cc mc nng lng.
Nguyn l Pauli v gii thch bng tun hon
Thuyt vng nng lng trong cht rn tinh th v phn loi vt dn, in mi, bn dn. Bn
dn tp cht loi p, loi n, tip xc p-n, cu to v ng dng ca transistor.
Pht x t nhin, pht x cm ng. S khuch i bc x qua mi trng kch hot. Hiu ng
laser.
Hai tin Einstein. Quan nim mi v khng gian, thi gian. H thc E = mc 2 v ng dng.
8. Ti liu hc tp
Sch, gio trnh chnh:
1. Lng Duyn Bnh (Ch bin), Ng Ph An, L Bng Sng, Nguyn Hu Tng: Vt l i
cng tp 3: Phn 1: Quang hc- Vt l nguyn t & Ht nhn, NXB Gio dc, 12006, 244
trang
2. Trn Ct, ng Quang Khang, Nguyn Vn Tr, Phng Vn Trnh, Nguyn Cng Vn:
Vt l i cng tp 3, Phn 2, NXB Gio dc, 1999, 296 trang..
3. Lng Duyn Bnh: Bi tp Vt l i cng tp 3: Quang hc- Vt l lng t, NXB Gio
dc, 1994, 211 trang.
Sch tham kho: Xem cng chi tit
9. Phng php hc tp v nhim v ca sinh vin:
D lp: y theo quy ch
Bi tp: hon thnh cc bi tp ca hc phn
Th nghim: hon thnh y cc bi th nghim ca hc phn. Phi bo v t th
nghim.
10. nh gi kt qu: KT/BT(0.3)-T(TN/TL:0.7)
im qu trnh: trng s 0.3
- Bi tp lm y (chm im v bi tp)
- Lm th nghim y , c bo co v bo v t.
- Kim tra gia k
Thi cui k (trc nghim v t lun): trng s 0.7
11. Ni dung v k hoch hc tp c th:

Tun
1

Ni dung
PHN 4. QUANG SNG (7 tit LT + 6 tit BT)

Gio trnh

BT, TN, ..

1(C2)

Seminar

1(C3)

1(2, 3, 4, 5,
14, 19, 21,
22)

CHNG 20. GIAO THOA NH SNG (2LT + 2BT + 1

Seminar)
20.1. Quang l. nh l Malus. Hm sng ca nh sng v cng
sng
20.2. Giao thoa nh sng cho bi 2 ngun kt hp (khe Young):
hnh dng, v tr vn (tha nhn kt qu); giao thoa ca nh sng
trng
20.3. Vn giao thoa cng dy trn bn mng: bn hnh nm,
vn Newton
20.4. ng dng giao thoa: giao thoa k Michelson.

CHNG 21. NHIU X NH SNG (4LT + 2BT)

21.1. Nguyn l Huygens-Fresnel
21.1.1. Nguyn l
21.1.2. Phng php i cu Fresnel

21.2. Nhiu x nh sng cho bi sng cu

21.3. Nhiu x nh sng cho bi sng phng
21.3.1. Qua mt khe hp
21.3.2. Qua nhiu khe hp. Cch t nhiu x
21.4. Nhiu x tia X.
CHNG 22. PHN CC NH SNG (1LT + 1BT)
22.1. Phn bit nh sng t nhin v nh sng phn cc
22.2. S phn cc nh sng qua bn tuamalin. nh lut Malus
22.3. Hiu ng quay mt phng phn cc

1(C3)

1(24, 25,
27, 28, 32,
34, 35)

1(C4, C5)

2(3, 5, 6, 8,
14, 15)

PHN 5. VT L LNG T V THUYT TNG I (23 tit

LT + 9 tit BT)
CHNG 23. QUANG HC LNG T ( 4LT + 2BT)
23.1. S bc x nhit
23.1.1. Cc i lng c trng ca pht x, hp th
5

23.1.2. nh lut Kirchhoff

23.2. Cng thc Planck
23.2.1. Thuyt lng t ca Planck
23.2.2. Cng thc Planck
23.3. Cc nh lut pht x ca vt en tuyt i (khng chng
minh)
23.4. Thuyt phtn ca Einstein
23.4.1. Thuyt phtn

1(C5)

2(20, 22,
23, 26, 27,
30)

23.4.2. ng lc hc phtn
23.4.3. Hiu ng Compton (gii thch, cng thc (khng
chng minh)).
CHNG 24. C HC LNG T (5LT + 3BT)
24.1. Lng tnh sng-ht ca ht vi m
24.1.1. Tnh sng-ht ca nh sng

1(C5, C6)

3(2, 3, 18,

24.1.2. Gi thuyt De Broglie

24.1.3. H thc bt nh Heisenberg v ngha
24.2. Hm sng trong c hc lng t, ngha, iu kin
24.3. Phng trnh Schrodinger
24.4. ng dng phng trnh Schrodinger
24.4.1. Vi ht trong ging th nng 1 chiu v hn
24.4.2. Hiu ng ng ngm (gii thiu v nu ngha)
24.4.3. Dao t iu ha (gii thiu v nu ngha).

1(C6

1(C6)

4(32, 37, 40,

51, 54, 55)

CHNG 25 NGUYN T (4LT + 3BT)

25.1. Nguyn t Hidro
25.1.1. Phng trnh Schrodinger v nghim (tha nhn)
cho electron trong nguyn t H
25.1.2. Cc kt lun v nguyn t H (nng lng, trng
thi, xc sut tm thy electron).
25.2. Nguyn t kim loi kim (biu thc nng lng, cc dy
vch quang ph)
25.3. Mmen ng lng qu o v mmen t qu o ca
electron. Hiu ng Zeeman
25.4. Spin ca electron
25.4.1. S tn ti spin electron
25.4.2. Cu trc t vi ca cc mc nng lng
25.4.3. Quy tc la chn v cu to bi ca vch quang
ph
25.5. Nguyn l Pauli v nguyn tc sp xp cc electron theo cc
trng thi. Bng tun hon (gii thiu v gii thch).

1(C7)

Kim tra

1(C7)

5(1, 2, 3, 4,
5, 6)

10

20, 22)

4(2, 5, 11,
12, 15, 22)

11

CHNG 26. HT NHN NGUYN T (1LT + 0 BT

26.1.Cu to v cc tnh cht c bn ca ht nhn (cu to, khi
lng, nng lng lin kt, spin ht nhn)
26.2. Hin tng phng x
26.3. Tng tc ht nhn
CHNG 27. VT RN TINH TH (4LT + 0BT)
27.1. Cu trc tinh th, cc loi lin kt
27.2. Kh phnn trong mng tinh th
27.2.1. Dao ng mng v khi nim phnn
27.2.2. Phn b Bose-Einstein

12

1(C7), 2(C

5(, 9, 10,
11, 14, 16)

1(C7), 2(

5(19, 21,
24, 25)

27.3. Thuyt vng nng lng v phn loi vt dn, in mi, bn

dn
27.4. Kh electron trong kim loi
27.4.1. M hnh kh electron
27.4.2. Phn b Fermi-Dirac
27.4.3. Nng lng Fermi v ngha ca mc Fermi
27.5. Kim loi
27.5.1. Tnh dn in
27.5.2. Hin tng tip xc
27.5.3. Hin tng nhit in
13

27.6. Bn dn
27.6.1. Khi nim l trng. Bn dn thun
27.6.2. Bn dn tp cht
27.6.3. Tip xc p - n v hiu ng chnh lu
27.6.4. Transistor v tnh cht khuch i.
CHNG 28. MY PHT LNG T (2LT + 0BT)
28.1. Pht x t nhin, hp th, pht x, cm ng
28.2. iu kin c pht x cm ng. Mi trng kch hot,
trng thi c nhit tuyt i m

2(C

6(3, 4, 7, 8,
10)

14

28.3. S khuch i bc x qua mi trng kch hot. Hiu ng

laser
28.4. Tnh cht v ng dng ca tia laser.
CHNG 29. THUYT TNG I (1LT + 0BT)
29.1. Hai tin Einstein
29.2. Php bin i Lorentz
29.3. Tnh tng i ca s ng thi, ca khong thi gian, ca
khong cch khng gian
29.4. Tng hp vn tc Einstein
29.5. Khi lng v ng lng tng i tnh
29.6. H thc Einstein v nng lng. ng dng.
29.7. Gii thiu s qua v Thuyt tng i rng.

3(C7)

6(13, 14,
15, 18)

15

TH NGHIM CHNG MINH (2LT + 0BT)

Ni dung cc bi th nghim (thc hnh, tiu lun, bi tp ln).

12. Ni dung cc bi th nghim (thc hnh, tiu lun, bi tp ln)
Bi 1: Xc nh bc sng nh sng bng giao thoa cho bi vn trn Newton
Bi 2: Kho st s phn cc nh sng dng tia laser. Nghim nh lut Malus
Bi 3: Kho st s nhiu x ca mt chm tia laser truyn qua mt cch t phng
Bi 4: Kho st hin tng bc x nhit - Nghim nh lut Stefan - Boltzmann.
Bi 5: kho st hin tng quang in ngoi. Xc nh hng s Planck
Bi 6: Kho st c tnh ca diode v transistor
13. Ti liu tham kho

6(19, 20,
21)

1. Lng Duyn Bnh (Ch bin), Ng Ph An, L Bng Sng, Nguyn Hu Tng: Vt l i
cng tp 3: Phn 1: Quang hc- Vt l nguyn t & Ht nhn, NXB Gio dc, 2006, 244
trang
2. Trn Ct, ng Quang Khang, Nguyn Vn Tr, Phng Vn Trnh, Nguyn Cng Vn:
Vt l i cng tp 3, Phn 2, NXB Gio dc, 1999, 296 trang.
3. Lng Duyn Bnh: Bi tp Vt l i cng tp 3: Quang hc- Vt l lng t, NXB Gio
dc, 1994, 211 trang.
4. Trn Ngc Hi (Ch bin), Phm Vn Thiu: Vt l i cng cc nguyn l v ng dng,
tp 3: Quang hc v Vt l lng t, NXB Gio dc, 2006, 414 trang..
5. ng Quang Khang, Nguyn Xun Chi: Vt l i cng tp 3: Quang hc- Vt l nguyn
t, NXB H Bch khoa HN, 2001, 584 trang.

NHM BIN SON CNG

(H tn v ch k)

PGS.TS Phng Vn Trnh

Ngy
thng
nm
CH TCH HI NG KH&T
(H tn v ch k)