Session 01 Concepts Final

Chng 1
Gii thiu v siu lin kt
Mc tiu bi hc:
Kt thc chng ny, bn c th:
M t v Internet
M t v HTML
Vit mt ti liu HTML n gin
S dng siu lin kt trong ti liu HTML
S dng th <META>
S dng cc k t c bit trong ti liu HTML
Gii thiu
Internet,World Wide Web, v Web page khng ch cn l cc thut ng. Gi y, cc thut
ng ny tr thnh hin thc. Internet l mng my tnh ln nht trn th gii, c xem nh l
mng ca cc mng. World Wide Web l mt tp con ca Internet. World Wide Web gm cc
Web Servers c mt khp mi ni trn th gii. Cc Web server cha thng tin m bt k ngi
dng no trn th gii cng c th truy cp c. Cc thng tin c lu tr di dng cc
trang Web.
Trong phn ny, chng ta s hc v Ngn ng nh du siu vn bn (HTML), y l mt phn
quan trng trong lnh vc thit k v pht trin th gii Web.
1.1
Gii thiu Internet
Mng l mt nhm cc my tnh kt ni vi nhau. Internet l mng ca cc mng. Giao thc

TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) cung cp vic kt ni tt c cc my
tnh trn th gii.
Hnh 1.1: Internet

World Wide Web l mt tp con ca Internet. N bt u nh l n nghin cu cp quc gia
ti phng nghin cu CERN Thy S. Ngy nay, n cung cp thng tin cho ngi dng trn
ton th gii.
WWW hot ng da trn 3 c ch a cc ti nguyn c gi tr n vi ngi dng. l:
Giao thc: Ngi dng tun theo cc giao thc ny truy cp ti nguyn trn Web.
HyperText Transfer Protocol(HTTP) l giao thc c WWW s dng.
a ch: WWW tun theo mt cch thc t tn thng nht truy cp vo cc ti nguyn
trn Web. URL c s dng nhn dng cc trang v cc ti nguyn trn Web.
HTML: Ngn ng nh du siu vn bn (HTML) c s dng to cc ti liu c th

truy cp trn Web. Ti liu HTML c to ra bng cch s dng cc th v cc phn t
ca HTML. File c lu trn Web server vi ui .htm hoc .html.
Khi bn s dng trnh duyt yu cu mt s thng tin no , Web server s p ng cc yu
cu . N gi thng tin c yu cu n trnh duyt di dng cc trang web. Trnh duyt nh
dng thng tin do my ch gi v v hin thi chng.
Hnh 1.2: Trnh duyt yu cu n my ch

1.2
Gii thiu HTML
Ngn ng nh du siu vn bn ch r mt trang Web c hin th nh th no trong mt trnh

duyt. S dng cc th v cc phn t HTML, bn c th:
iu khin hnh thc v ni dung ca trang
Xut bn cc ti liu trc tuyn v truy xut thng tin trc tuyn bng cch s dng cc
lin kt c chn vo ti liu HTML
To cc biu mu trc tuyn thu thp thng tin v ngi dng, qun l cc giao
dch .....
Chn cc i tng nh audio clip, video clip, cc thnh phn ActiveX v cc Java
Applet vo ti liu HTML
Ti liu HTML to thnh m ngun ca trang Web. Khi c xem trn trnh son tho, ti liu
ny l mt chui cc th v cc phn t, m chng xc nh trang web hin th nh th no. Trnh
duyt c cc file c ui .htm hay .html v hin th trang web theo cc lnh c trong .
V d, theo c php HTML di y s hin th thng ip My first HTML document
V d 1:
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>Welcome to HTML</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<H3>My first HTML document</H3>
</BODY>
</HTML>
Trnh duyt thng dch nhng lnh ny v hin th trang web nh hnh 1.3
Hnh 1.3:
Kt qu
v d 1
1.2.1
HTML
Development
Ti liu HTML c hin th trn trnh duyt. Vy trnh duyt l g ? Trnh duyt l mt ng
dng c ci t trn my khch. Trnh duyt c m ngun HTML v hin th trang theo cc
lnh trong .
Trnh duyt c s dng xem cc trang Web v iu hng.Trnh duyt c bit n sm
nht l Mosaic, c pht trin bi Trung tm ng dng siu my tnh quc gia (NCSA). Ngy
nay, c nhiu trnh duyt c s dng trn Internet. Netscapes Navigator v Microsofts
Internet Explorer l hai trnh duyt c s dng ph bin. i vi ngi dng, trnh duyt d s
dng bi v n c giao din ha vi vic tr v kch chut.
to mt ti liu ngun,bn phi cn mt trnh son tho HTML. Ngy nay, c nhiu trnh son
tho ang c s dng: Microsoft FrontPage l mt cng c tng hp c dng to, thit k
v hiu chnh cc trang Web. Chng ta cng c th thm vn bn, hnh nh , bng v nhng thnh
phn HTML khc vo trang. Thm vo , mt biu mu cng c th c to ra bng
FrontPage. Mt khi chng ta to ra giao din cho trang web, FrontPage t ng to m HTML
cn thit. Chng ta cng c th dng Notepad to ti liu HTML. xem c ti liu trn
trnh duyt bn phi lu n vi ui l .htm hay .html.
Cc lnh HTML c gi l cc th. Cc th ny c dng iu khin ni dung v hnh thc
trnh by ca ti liu HTML. Th m (<>) v th ng (</>), ch ra s bt u v kt thc
ca mt lnh HTML.
V d, th HTML c s dng nh du s bt u v kt thc ca ti liu HTML
<HTML>
. . .
</HTML>
Ch rng cc th khng phn bit ch hoa v ch thng, v th bn c th s dng <html>
thay cho <HTML>
Th HTML bao gm:
<ELEMENT ATTRIBUTE = value>
Phn t: nhn dng th
Thuc tnh: M t th
Value: gi tr c thit lp cho thuc tnh
V d, <BODY BGCOLOR = lavender>
Trong v d trn, BODY l phn t, BGCOLOR(nn) l thuc tnh v lavender l gi tr. Khi
c php HTML c thc hin, mu nn cho c trang c thit lp l mu lavender.
1.2.2 Cu trc ca mt ti liu HTML
Mt ti liu HTML gm 3 phn c bn:
Phn HTML: Mi ti liu HTML phi bt u bng th m HTML <HTML> v kt thc
bng th ng HTML </HTML>
<HTML> . </HTML>
Th HTML bo cho trnh duyt bit ni dung gia hai th ny l mt ti liu HTML
Phn tiu : Phn tiu bt u bng th <HEAD> v kt thc bi th </HEAD>.
Phn ny cha tiu m c hin th trn thanh iu hng ca trang Web. Tiu
nm trong th TITLE, bt u bng th <TITLE> v kt thc l th </TITLE>.
Tiu l phn kh quan trng. Cc mc c dng nh du mt web site. Trnh
duyt s dng tiu lu tr cc mc ny. Do , khi ngi dng tm kim thng tin, tiu
ca trang Web cung cp t kha chnh yu cho vic tm kim.
Phn thn: phn ny nm sau phn tiu . Phn thn bao gm vn bn, hnh nh v cc
lin kt m bn mun hin th trn trang web ca mnh. Phn thn bt u bng th
<BODY> v kt thc bng th </BODY>
V d 2:
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>Welcome to the world of HTML</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
This is going to be real fun
</BODY>
</HTML>
Hnh 1.4: Kt qu ca v d 2
on
Bn c ch n th trong v d 2 khng? Th trnh by mt on
Khi vit mt bi bo hay mt bi lun, bn nhm ni dung thnh mt lot cc on. Mc ch l
nhm cc tng logic li vi nhau v p dng mt s nh dng cho ni dung. Trong mt ti
liu HTML, ni dung c th c nhm thnh cc on. Th on c s dng nh
du s bt u ca mt on mi.
V d 3
<HTML>
<HEAD>
</HEAD>
<BODY BGCOLOR = lavender>
This is going to be real fun
 Another paragraph element
</BODY>
</HTML>
Th ng l khng bt buc. Th k tip s t ng bt u mt on mi.
Cc th ngt
Phn t c s dng ngt dng trong ti liu HTML. Th b sung mt k t
xung dng ti v tr ca th.
V d 4:
<HTML>
<HEAD>
</HEAD>
<BODY BGCOLOR = lavender>
This is going to be real fun
 Another paragraph element
</BODY>
</HTML>
Chn canh l
Thuc tnh align c s dng canh l cho cc phn t HTML trong trang Web. Chng ta c
th canh l vn bn, cc i tng, hnh nh, cc on, cc phn on,.... Sau y, bn s hc
cch canh l vn bn:
Thuc tnh align gm cc gi tr sau:
Value
Description
Left
Vn bn c canh l tri
Center
Vn bn c canh gia
Right
Vn bn c canh phi
Justify
Vn bn c canh u hai bn
Canh l c mc nh da vo hng ca vn bn. Nu hng vn bn l t tri sang phi th

mc nh l tri.
V d 5
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>Learning HTML</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY BGCOLOR=lavender>
This is good fun
</BODY>
</HTML>
1.2.3
S dng th <META>
Phn tiu cng cha phn t META. Phn t ny cung cp thng tin v trang web ca bn. N
gm tn tc gi, tn phn mm dng vit trang , tn cng ty, thng tin lin lc .... Phn t
META s dng s kt hp gia thuc tnh v gi tr.
V d, ch Graham Browne l tc gi, ngi ta s dng phn t META nh sau:
<META name=Author content=Graham Browne>
Tc gi ca ti liu l Graham Browne
Thuc tnh http-equiv c th c s dng thay th thuc tnh name. My ch HTTP s dng
thuc tnh ny to ra mt u p ng HTTP (HTTP response header).
u p ng c truyn n trnh duyt nhn dng d liu. Nu trnh duyt hiu c u
p ng ny, n s tin hnh cc hnh ng c bit i vi u p ng .
V d, <META http-equiv=Expires content=Mon, 15 Sep
14:25:27 GMT> s sinh ra mt u p ng HTTP nh sau:
Expires: Mon, 15 Sep 2003 14:25:27 GMT
2003
Do vy, nu ti liu lu li, HTTP s bit khi no truy xut mt bn sao ca ti liu tng ng.
1.2.4 S dng k t c bit trong ti liu HTML
Bn c th chn cc k t c bit vo vn bn ca ti liu HTML. m bo trnh duyt khng
nhm chng vi th HTML, bn phi gn m nh dng cho cc k t c bit ny.
K t c M nh V d
bit
dng
<HTML>
Ln hn (>)
>
<HEAD>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
Nh hn (<)
<
Trch dn()
"
K t &
&
<CODE>If A > B
Then A = A + 1
</CODE>
 The above
statement
used
special
characters
</BODY>
</HTML>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<CODE>If A A = A + 1 </CODE>

The
above
statement
used
special
characters
</BODY>
</HTML>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
" To be or not to be ? " That
is the question
</BODY>
</HTML>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
 William & Graham went to the fair
</BODY>
</HTML>
1.3
S dng cc siu lin kt
Siu lin kt l mt phn t bn trong ti liu m lin kt n mt v tr khc trong cng ti liu
hoc n mt ti liu hon ton khc. Chng hn, khi ta kch vo siu lin kt s nhy n lin
kt cn n. Cc siu lin kt l thnh phn quan trng nht ca h thng siu vn bn
1.3.1
Gii thiu siu lin kt v URL
Kh nng chnh ca HTML l h tr siu lin kt. Mt siu lin kt, hay ni ngn gn l mt lin
kt, l s kt ni n ti liu hay file khc ( ha, m thanh, video) hoc ngay c n mt phn
khc trong cng ti liu . Khi kch vo siu lin kt, ngi dng c a n a ch URL m
chng ta ch r trong lin kt.
Mt phn khc trong cng ti liu
Mt ti liu khc
Mt phn trong ti liu khc
Cc file khc hnh nh, m thanh, trch on video

V tr hoc my ch khc
Hnh 1.8: S dng lin kt

Cc lin kt c th l lin kt trong hoc lin kt ngoi
Lin kt trong l lin kt kt ni n cc phn trong cng ti liu hoc cng mt web site
Lin kt ngoi l lin kt kt ni n cc trang trn cc web site khc hoc my ch khc.
Hnh 1.9: Lin kt trong v lin kt ngoi

to siu lin kt, chng ta cn phi xc nh hai thnh phn:
1. a ch y hoc URL ca file c kt ni
2. im nng cung cp cho lin kt. im nng ny c th l mt dng vn bn, thm ch l
mt nh.
Khi ngi dng kch vo im nng, trnh duyt c a ch c ch ra trong URL v nhy
n v tr mi
Mi ngun ti nguyn trn Web c mt a ch duy nht. V d, 207.46.130.149 l a ch web
site ca Micorsoft. Gi y, nh cc con s ny rt kh v d nhm ln. V vy, ngi ta s
dng cc URL. URL l mt chui cung cp a ch Internet ca web site hay ti nguyn trn
World Wide Web.
nh dng c trng l www.nameofsite.typeofsite.contrycode
[trong
Nameofsite: tn ca site
Typeofsite: kiu ca site
Contrycode: m nc]
V d, 216.239.33.101 c th c biu din bng URL l www.google.com
URL cng nhn bit c giao thc m site hay ti nguyn c truy nhp. Dng URL thng
thng nht l http, n cung cp a ch Internet ca mt trang Web. Mt vi dng URL khc l
gopher, n cung cp a ch Internet ca mt th mc Gopher, v ftp, cung cp v tr ca mt
ti nguyn FTP trn mng.
URL cng c th tham chiu n mt v tr trong mt ti nguyn. V d, bn c th to lin kt
n mt ch trong cng mt ti liu. Trong trng hp , nh danh on c s dng
phn cui ca URL
nh dng l, giao thc: tn ca site / ti liu chnh #nh danh on
C hai dng URL:
URL tuyt i l a ch Internet y ca trang hoc file, bao gm giao thc, v tr
mng, ng dn ty chn v tn file. V d, http://www.microsoft.com l mt a ch URL
tuyt i.
URL tng i l mt URL c mt hoc nhiu phn b thiu. Trnh duyt ly thng tin b
thiu t trang cha URL . V d, nu giao thc b thiu, trnh duyt s dng giao thc ca
trang hin thi.
1.3.2
S dng siu lin kt
Th <A> c s dng xc nh vn bn hay nh no s dng lm siu lin kt trong ti liu

HTML. Thuc tnh HREF (tham chiu siu vn bn) c dng ch a ch hay URL ca ti
liu hoc file c lin kt.
C php ca HREF l:
<A HREF = protocol://host.domain:port/path/filename>Hypertext</A>
Trong ,
Giao thc y l loi giao thc. Mt s giao thc thng dng:
http giao thc truyn siu vn bn
telnet m mt phin telnet
gopher tm kim file
ftp giao thc truyn file
mailto gi th in t
10
Host.domain y l a ch Internet ca my ch
Port - Cng phc v ca my ch ch
HyperText y l vn bn hay hnh nh m ngi dng cn nhp vo kch hot lin
kt
Lin kt n nhng ti liu khc
Gi s c hai ti liu HTML trn a cng cc b, Doc1.htm v Doc2.htm. to mt lin kt t
Doc1.html n Doc2.htm
V d 6:
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE> Using links</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
 
 This page is all about creating links to
documents.
<A HREF = Doc2.html>Click here to view document 2</A>
</BODY>
</HTML>
Khi ngi dng nhy n mt ti liu khc, bn nn cung cp cch quay tr li trang ch
hoc nh hng n mt file khc.
V d 7:
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE> Document 2</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
 
 This is document 2. This page is displayed when
you click the hyperlink in Document 1
11
 
<A HREF= Doc1.html>Back Home</A>
</BODY>
</HTML>
Hnh 1.11: Kt qu v d 7
Ch l cc lin kt c gch chn. Trnh duyt t ng gch chn cc lin kt. N cng thay
i hnh dng con tr chut khi ngi s dng di chuyn chut vo lin kt.
v d trn, cc file nm trong cng mt th mc, v vy ch cn ch ra tn file trong thng s
HREF l . Tuy nhin, lin kt n cc file th mc khc, cn phi cung cp ng dn
tuyt i hay ng dn tng i
ng dn tuyt i ch ra ng dn y t th mc gc n file. V d,
C:\mydirectory\html examples\ Doc2.htm
ng dn tng i ch ra v tr lin quan ca file vi v tr file hin ti. V d, nu th mc
hin hnh l mydirectory th ng dn s l ,
<A HREF= ..\Doc3.htm>Next page</A>
V vy, nu mun lin kt cc ti liu khng lin quan vi nhau th ta nn dng ng dn tuyt
i. Tuy nhin, nu ta c mt nhm ti liu c lin quan vi nhau, chng hn phn tr gip trong
HTML, th ta nn s dng ng dn tng i cho cc ti liu trong nhm v ng dn tuyt
i cho cc ti liu khng lin quan trc tip n ch . Khi ngi dng c th ci t phn
tr gip ny trong th mc mnh chn v n vn hot ng.
Lin kt n cc phn trong cng mt ti liu
Th neo <A> (anchor) c s dng ngi dng c th nhy n nhng phn khc nhau ca
mt ti liu. V d, bn c th hin th ni dung ca trang Web nh mt lot cc lin kt. Khi
ngi dng kch vo mt ti no th cc chi tit nm mt phn khc ca ti liu c hin
th.
12
Kiu lin kt ny gi l named anchor bi v thuc tnh NAME c s dng to cc lin

kt ny
<A NAME = marker>Topic name</A>
Bn khng phi s dng bt k vn bn no nh du im neo
dng, ta s dng vch du (marker) trong thng s HREF nh sau
<A HREF= #marker>Topic name</A>
Du # trc tn ca siu lin kt bo cho trnh duyt bit rng lin kt ny lin kt n mt
im c t tn trong ti liu. Khi khng c ti liu no c ch ra trc k t #, trnh duyt
hiu rng lin kt ny nm trong cng ti liu.
V d 8:
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>Using Links</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<A HREF = #Internet>Internet</A>
 
<A HREF = #HTML>Introduction to HTML</A>
 
<A HREF = #Consistency>Unity and Variety</A>
 
<A name = Internet>Internet</A>
 
 The Internet is a network of networks. That is,
computer networks are linked to other networks, spanning
countries and today the globe. The TCP/IP transfer protocol
provides the bindings that connect all these computers the
world over.

<A name = HTML>Introduction to HTML</A>
 
 Hyper Text Markup Language is the standard
language that the Web uses for creating and recognizing
documents. Although not a subset of, it is loosely related
to the Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML). SGML is
a method for representing document formatting languages.

<A name = Consistency>Unity and Variety</A>
 
 A basic rule is that of unity and variety. That
is, everything should fit together as a unit, but at the
same time there is enough variety to keep things
interesting. Consistency creates and reinforces the unique
identity of a site. Colors, fonts, column layout and other
design elements should be consistent throughout every
section of the site.
</BODY>
13
</HTML>
Hnh 1.13: Kt qu v d 8 sau khi kch vo Internet

Lin kt n mt im xc nh mt ti liu khc
By gi chng ta bit cch s dng cc vch du trong cng mt ti liu, hy th nhy n
mt v tr trn mt ti liu khc.
nhy n mt im trn ti liu khc, chng ta cn phi ch ra tn ca ti liu khi chng ta
to vch du. Trc tin trnh duyt s c tn ti liu v m ti liu . Sau n s c vch
du v di chuyn n im c nh du.
V d 9
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>Main document</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
14
<A HREF=Chapter18.html#Internet>Internet</A>
 
 
<A HREF= Chapter18.html#HTML>Introduction to HTML</A>
 
 
<A HREF=Chapter18.html#Consistency>Unity and
Variety</A>
</BODY>
</HTML>
Hnh 1.15: Kt qu v d 9 sau khi kch vo Internet

Ch s ging nhau gia hnh 1.13 vo hnh 1.15
S dng e-mail
15
Nu mun ngi s dng gi c e-mail, chng ta c th a mt c tnh vo trong trang Web

v cho php h gi e-mail t trnh duyt. Tt c nhng g chng ta cn lm l chn gi tr mailto
vo trong th lin kt.
<A HREF=mailto:thisperson@mymail.com>
1.3.3
iu hng quanh Web site
D web site c li cun n u, nu n khng c mt lc iu hng n gin th ngi

dng cng s mt phng hng ngay. Mt s trong s h c th s khng bao gi quay li. Lc
iu hng trong mi site l khc nhau. Tuy nhin c mt s nguyn tc c bn m bn cn
nh:
Xc nh ni dung ca web site
To mt lc iu hng gip ngi dng i n phn cn n mt cch nhanh chng
Cung cp cc chc nng tm kim thng tin
C nhiu cch t chc mt web site
Trnh by tuyn tnh Cch ny theo cu trc tuyn tnh. C mt chui lin kt lin tc
gia cc trang. Mi trang c lin kt n trang trc v trang sau. Trang cui c lin kt n
trang u. nh dng ny c dng khi chng ta mun trnh by thng tin lin tc. V d,
cc chng trong cun sch hoc cc slide ca mt bi trnh by m yu cu ngi dng c
thng tin theo trnh t lin tip nhau.
Hnh 1.16: Trnh by tuyn tnh

Trnh by theo phn cp: y l cch trnh by thng thng nht c s dng trong thit
k Web. Trang ch lin kt vi nhiu trang khc. Ngi dng c th chn mt lin kt v
nhy n trang cn n. Mi trang u c lin kt v trang ch.
Hnh 1.17: Trnh by theo phn cp
16
Bn nh Mt s ngi thy cch trnh by trc quan th d hiu hn. V vy, bn nh

hay bn site c a vo cc trang ch. Khi ngi dng kch vo cc im nng th ti
liu lin quan c hin th.
Khi quyt nh mt lc iu hng, y l lc thit k ti liu. C mt s nguyn tc
m bn cn ghi nh:
Siu lin kt nn r rng. T nn c gch chn v c mu xanh, bi v trn Web, mu
xanh c quy c l siu lin kt. Siu lin kt thng xut hin cui trang. Nu chng
xut hin gia on vn bn, c th lm ngi c khng tp trung vo ti.
Cc trang con nn c mt thanh menu hoc thanh iu hng, nu khng ngi c c th
khng thy cc trang chnh. Nu ngi dng kch vo mt biu tng bt k trn thanh iu
hng th h s nhy t trang hin thi n trang mi
Lun c mt bng mc lc ngi dng nhy sang mt ti no . Bng mc lc (TOC)
c hin th cui trang. Ngi dng c th chn mt ti no nhy n trang cn
n
Lun c nt Back v Forward trong trang ngi dng c th iu hng n trang
cn n. Trnh duyt c cung cp cc chn la ny, nhng n s dng cc trang trong danh
sch history m c th khng phi l cc trang trong Web site.
17
Tm tt bi hc
Internet l mng ca cc mng
Giao thc TCP/IP cung cp cc lin kt m kt ni tt c cc my tnh trn th gii
WWW l mt tp con ca Internet
Ngn ng nh du siu vn bn (HTML) c dng to ra ti liu c th truy cp trn
Web
Trnh duyt c m ngun HTML v hin th trang theo cc lnh trong .
Lnh HTML c gi l th. Th c s dng iu khin ni dung v hnh thc ca ti
liu HTML
Trong mt ti liu HTML, ni dung c th c nhm vo cc on. Th on c
dng n nh du bt u mt on mi
Phn t c dng ngt dng trong ti liu HTML
Thuc tnh canh l c s dng canh l cho cc phn t HTML trong trang Web
Phn t META cung cp thng tin trn trang web. N s dng s kt hp gia thuc tnh v
gi tr.
Siu lin kt l mt phn t bn trong ti liu m lin kt n mt v tr khc trong cng ti
liu hoc n mt ti liu hon ton khc
Lin kt trong l mt lin kt n mt phn bn trong cng mt ti liu hoc trong

cng mt web site
Lin kt ngoi l nhng lin kt n cc trang web trn cc web site hoc cc my ch khc
Th neo <A> c s dng xc nh vn bn hay hnh nh no s dng lm siu lin kt
trong ti liu HTML. Thuc tnh HREF (tham chiu siu vn bn) c dng ch a ch
hay URL ca ti liu hoc file c lin kt.
18
n tp
1. in vo ch trng:
a.
_____WWW________l mt tp con ca Internet
b.
Giao thc ni cc mng trn Internet gi l ____HTP/IP_____.
c.
__HTML___________ l ngn ng chun m Web dng to v nhn dng cc ti

liu
d.
Lnh HTML c gi l __th___________.
e.
</HTML>______ c dng nh du s kt thc ca ti liu HTML
f.
___ni dung ca ti liu______ l cc phn t HTML xut hin trong BODY
g.
__th neo <A>________ ch mt lin kt n site hay trang web khc
h.
URL l vit tt ca ____Uniform Resoun Location_________.
i.
Mt __________ c s dng nh du mt phn trong mt ti liu HTML
2. Cc cu sau y ng hay Sai:

a.
SGML l cch trnh by cc ngn ng nh dng vn bn
b.
Trnh duyt c s dng to ti liu HTML
c.
Cc th HTML phn bit ch hoa v ch thng sai
d.
Phn t META c dng xc nh thng tin v ti liu HTML
e.
Phn t P mc nh bt u mt dng mi
f.
Mt lin kt ngoi l lin kt n mt phn trong ti liu trn web site khc
g.
URL tng i xc nh ng dn y n ti nguyn trn Web sai
h.
Giao thc gopher c s dng tm kim file trn Web
i.
Bn c th to cc lin kt s dng thuc tnh id ca mt phn t
19
T thc hnh
1. To mt trang Web vi tiu l Using Paragraphs. To hai on vn bn. Hin th mt
tiu mc 5 gia hai on
2. To hai ti liu HTML, a.htm v b.htm. To mt lin kt t a.htm t b.htm. To mt lin kt
tr li t b.htm v a.htm. To mt ti liu HTML vi vn bn sau:
Internet
The Internet is a network of networks. That is, computer networks are linked to other
networks, spanning countries. The TCP/IP transfer protocol provides the bindings that
connect all these computers the world over.
Layout
A web page is not a printed page. That is, the guidelines that are applied to print may not
apply to a web page. Avoid making the reader scan too much of the screen while reading the
page. After a while it puts a strain on the eyes, and the reader may lose interest. Text should
be contained within a few inches width.
Linear layout
Linear layout follows a linear structure. There is a sequential link between the pages. Each
page has a link to the previous and next page. The last page has a link to the first page. This
format is used when you are presenting sequential information. For example, chapters of a
book or slides of a presentation which require the user to read the information in sequential
order.
Pathnames
Absolute pathnames specify the complete path to the file from the root directory. For
example, C:\mydirectory\ htmlexamples\Doc2.htm.
Relative pathnames specify the location of the file relative to the location of the current file.
For example, if the current directory is mydirectory, then the pathname will be<A HREF=
..\Doc3.htm>Next page</A>
To lin kt trong n cc ch trong ti liu
20

Session 01 Concepts Final

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Chng 1

Gii thiu v siu lin kt

Gii thiu Internet

Mng l mt nhm cc my tnh kt ni vi nhau. Internet l mng ca cc mng. Giao thc

Hnh 1.1: Internet

HTML: Ngn ng nh du siu vn bn (HTML) c s dng to cc ti liu c th

Hnh 1.2: Trnh duyt yu cu n my ch

Gii thiu HTML

Ngn ng nh du siu vn bn ch r mt trang Web c hin th nh th no trong mt trnh

Canh l c mc nh da vo hng ca vn bn. Nu hng vn bn l t tri sang phi th

Gii thiu siu lin kt v URL

Cc file khc hnh nh, m thanh, trch on video

Hnh 1.8: S dng lin kt

Hnh 1.9: Lin kt trong v lin kt ngoi

S dng siu lin kt

Th <A> c s dng xc nh vn bn hay nh no s dng lm siu lin kt trong ti liu

Kiu lin kt ny gi l named anchor bi v thuc tnh NAME c s dng to cc lin

Hnh 1.13: Kt qu v d 8 sau khi kch vo Internet

Hnh 1.15: Kt qu v d 9 sau khi kch vo Internet

Nu mun ngi s dng gi c e-mail, chng ta c th a mt c tnh vo trong trang Web

iu hng quanh Web site

D web site c li cun n u, nu n khng c mt lc iu hng n gin th ngi

Hnh 1.16: Trnh by tuyn tnh

Hnh 1.17: Trnh by theo phn cp

Bn nh Mt s ngi thy cch trnh by trc quan th d hiu hn. V vy, bn nh

Lin kt trong l mt lin kt n mt phn bn trong cng mt ti liu hoc trong

_____WWW________l mt tp con ca Internet

Giao thc ni cc mng trn Internet gi l ____HTP/IP_____.

__HTML___________ l ngn ng chun m Web dng to v nhn dng cc ti

Lnh HTML c gi l __th___________.

</HTML>______ c dng nh du s kt thc ca ti liu HTML

___ni dung ca ti liu______ l cc phn t HTML xut hin trong BODY

__th neo <A>________ ch mt lin kt n site hay trang web khc

URL l vit tt ca ____Uniform Resoun Location_________.

Mt __________ c s dng nh du mt phn trong mt ti liu HTML

2. Cc cu sau y ng hay Sai:

SGML l cch trnh by cc ngn ng nh dng vn bn

Trnh duyt c s dng to ti liu HTML

Cc th HTML phn bit ch hoa v ch thng sai

Phn t META c dng xc nh thng tin v ti liu HTML

URL tng i xc nh ng dn y n ti nguyn trn Web sai

Giao thc gopher c s dng tm kim file trn Web

Bn c th to cc lin kt s dng thuc tnh id ca mt phn t

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_WWW____l mt tp con ca Internet

Giao thc ni cc mng trn Internet gi l HTP/IP_.

HTML_________ l ngn ng chun m Web dng to v nhn dng cc ti

Lnh HTML c gi l th_________.

_ni dung ca ti liu____ l cc phn t HTML xut hin trong BODY

th neo <A>______ ch mt lin kt n site hay trang web khc

URL l vit tt ca Uniform Resoun Location_____.