1 NOKIA From GSM to UMTS.PPT / 14.01.2003 / A.

Ahtiainen
From GSM to UMTS
Ari Ahtiainen
Nokia Research Center
T-110.498 Special Course in data communications and networks
HUT Telecom SW and Multimedia Lab
January 2003
2 NOKIA From GSM to UMTS.PPT / 14.01.2003 / A.Ahtiainen
Contents
Early history of radio communications
Multiple access schemes
Evolution from GSM to UMTS
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Early history of radio communications
Reginald Fessenden 1866-1932
l Voice transmission over radio 1906
It all started 100 years ago
Heinrich Hertz, 1857-1894
l Electromagnetic waves 1887
Guglielmo Marconi 1874-1937
lFirst radio 1897
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Driver 1: Radio spectrum availability
Multiple access schemes
"keep away from my frequency" (Titanic 1912)
FDMA - Frequency Division Multiple Access (since 1920s)
radio broadcasting
regulation of frequencies was started
1st generation mobile systems (NMT, TACS, )
TDMA Time Division Multiple Access (1980-)
2nd generation mobile systems: GSM, US-TDMA, PDC
narrowband systems
Code Division Multiple Access (late 1990s-)
3rd generation mobile systems: WCDMA, CDMA2000
5 NOKIA From GSM to UMTS.PPT / 14.01.2003 / A.Ahtiainen
Driver 2: Technological breakthroughs
Cellular system concept (AT&T 1946)
Vacuum tube (Fleming 1915)
radio receivers for public broadcasting
Microprocessor (Intel 1971)
mobile phones for public mobile
telecommunications
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3GPP - Third Generation
Partnership Project
ARIB - Association of Radio
Industries and Businesses
CWTS - China Wireless
Telecommunication Standard
group
ETSI - European
Telecommunications
Standards Institute
T1 - Standards Committee T1
Telecommunications
TTA- Telecommunications
Technology Association
TTC- Telecommunication
Technology Committee
GSM - Global System for
Mobile Communications
UMTS- Universal Mobile
Telecommunications System
IETF - Internet Engineering
Task Force
ITU-R - International
Telecommunication Union -
Radiocommunication
ITU-T - International
Telecommunication Union -
Telecommunication
Standardization
Global Standardization
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3GPP is responsible for system

architecture standardisation for
GSM/WCDMA
IETF protocols to be used as
applicable in 3GPP systems
Role of local / regional
standards organisations has
decreased.
3GPP2 is standardising
cdma2000 evolution
Industry forums and de facto
standards to play increasing role
in market making, technology
development and
standardisation
7 NOKIA From GSM to UMTS.PPT / 14.01.2003 / A.Ahtiainen
Basic GSM Network and Its Subsystems
MS
HLR/AuC/EIR
MSC/VLR
BTS
X.25
ISDN
PSTN
PSPDN
CSPDN
Network Management (NMS)
BSS NSS
Um A
8 NOKIA From GSM to UMTS.PPT / 14.01.2003 / A.Ahtiainen
Value Added Service Platform
MS
HLR/AuC/EIR
MSC/VLR
BTS
X.25
ISDN
PSTN
PSPDN
CSPDN
Network Management (NMS)
BSS NSS
Um A
V
A
S
9 NOKIA From GSM to UMTS.PPT / 14.01.2003 / A.Ahtiainen
Intelligent Network
MS
HLR/AuC/EIR
MSC/VLR
BTS
X.25
ISDN
PSTN
PSPDN
CSPDN
Network Management (NMS)
BSS NSS
Um A
V
A
S
I
N
10 NOKIA From GSM to UMTS.PPT / 14.01.2003 / A.Ahtiainen
High Speed Circuit Switched Data (HSCSD)
MS
HLR/AuC/EIR
MSC/VLR
BTS
X.25
ISDN
PSTN
PSPDN
CSPDN
Network Management (NMS)
BSS NSS
Um A
V
A
S
I
N
HW&SW Changes for HSCSD
11 NOKIA From GSM to UMTS.PPT / 14.01.2003 / A.Ahtiainen
General Packet Radio Service (GPRS)
MS
HLR/AuC/EIR
MSC/VLR
BTS
X.25
ISDN
PSTN
PSPDN
CSPDN
Network Management (NMS)
BSS NSS
Um A
V
A
S
I
N
HW&SW Changes for GPRS
GPRS Packet Core
Gb
Internet
Other Data NW
12 NOKIA From GSM to UMTS.PPT / 14.01.2003 / A.Ahtiainen
Enhanced Data Rates for Global Evolution (EDGE)
MS
HLR/AuC/EIR
MSC/VLR
BTS
X.25
ISDN
PSTN
PSPDN
CSPDN
Network Management (NMS)
E-RAN NSS
Um A
V
A
S
I
N
HW&SW Changes for EDGE
E-GPRS Packet Core
Gb
Internet
Other Data NW
13 NOKIA From GSM to UMTS.PPT / 14.01.2003 / A.Ahtiainen
UMTS Network Architecture (3GPP R99 a.k.a
R3)
MS
HLR/AuC/EIR
BTS
X.25
ISDN
PSTN
PSPDN
CSPDN
Network Management (NMS)
E-RAN CN CS Domain
Um
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CN PS Domain
Gb
BS
UTRAN
Uu
UE
3G MSC/VLR
Iu
Iu
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x
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Internet
Other Data NW
U
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T
14 NOKIA From GSM to UMTS.PPT / 14.01.2003 / A.Ahtiainen
3GPP R4 Implementation Scenario
Network Management (NMS)
MS
BTS
GERAN
CN CS Domain Um
CN PS Domain
BS
UTRAN
Uu
UE
HSS
V
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A
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U
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A
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CSPDN
PSTN
ISDN
IP, Multimedia
MSC Server
Legend:
IMS =IP Multimedia Subsystem
Iu
IMS
15 NOKIA From GSM to UMTS.PPT / 14.01.2003 / A.Ahtiainen
Vision of 3GPP R5 (All IP)
Network Management (NMS)
MS
BTS
GERAN
Um
CN PS Domain
BS
UTRAN
Uu
UE
Iu
HSS
V
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C
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x
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U
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A
T
U
S
A
T
CSPDN
PSTN
ISDN
IP, Multimedia
IMS
Legend:
IMS =IP Multimedia Subsystem
IP/ATM
IP/ATM
IP/ATM
16 NOKIA From GSM to UMTS.PPT / 14.01.2003 / A.Ahtiainen
3
G
P
P

R
e
l
e
a
s
e
s
New radio interface - WCDMA
New RAN architecture - soft handover
New CN-AN interface (transcoder in CN, SGSN functions to RNC)
Open Service Architecture for services
GSM-UMTS interworking
UTRAN access with some QoS enhancements
CS Domain Evolution, MSC Servers and MGWs, based on IP
protocols
IP transport of CN protocols
IP Header compression (IETF)
Location services enhancements, MMS, WAP, MExE, Streaming
IP Multimedia Services Subsystem Basic communications platform
SIP signalling, registration, session initiation, IMS SIM, IMS security architecture
Usage of IETF protocols, e.g., IPv6, SIP, Diameter
SIP-based service environment
QoS for IMS: SIP Compression, QoS authorization and policy control
GERAN alignment with UMTS
WCDMA enhancements (e.g., HSDPA, IP transport)
MMS enhancements, LCS enhancements
March 2000
Release 4 Release 4
Release 5 Release 5
Release 99 Release 99
March 2001
March 2002
IMS Phase 2
Release 5 left-over items (regulatory requirements, circuit-switched
interworking, service based local policy enhancements, etc.)
Optimised voice communications
Presence, Instant Messaging, Group Management and Conferencing
New Work items: 3GPP/3GPP2 IMS harmonisation (incl. access
independency), UMTS-WLAN interworking, Multimedia Broadcast/Multicast
Services, etc.
Release 6 Release 6
Dec 2003?
"IMS part II"
"Major
core ntw
release"
"Minor
release"
"Major RAN
release
17 NOKIA From GSM to UMTS.PPT / 14.01.2003 / A.Ahtiainen
3GPP Release
5:
Consists of network Domains:
-Packet Switched CN
Domain
-Circuit Switched CN Domain
-IP Multimedia CN Subsystem
-Services Subsystem
New features:
GERAN & UTRAN radio
IP transport
Header compression
algorithms
SIP and IPv6 based IP
Multimedia Services
GPRS and QoS
architecture
enhancements
Service toolkits:
SIP, OSA, CAMEL, etc.
CS CN Domain
PS CN Domain
IM CN Subsystem
Services Subsystem
OSA
SCP
Framework
MSC
IM-MGW
CSCF CSCF
AS
GGSN
SGSN
HLR UMS
SGW
MSC Server
GMSC
MGCF MGCF
MGW
UTRAN
GERAN
HLR
Iu_cs / A
Iu_Ps / Gb
HSS
MRFP MRFP
SLF SLF
BGCF BGCF
MRFC MRFC
Mb
UE
CS Domain (incl. MSC servers)
Old GSM services
Little new functionality
Full service continuity
Old terminals supported
IP Multimedia CN subsystem
IP way of working
New services
Start from "clean table"
New terminals required
18 NOKIA From GSM to UMTS.PPT / 14.01.2003 / A.Ahtiainen
and the evolution goes on
Thanks!