International Journal of Emerging Trends & Technology in Computer Science (IJETTCS)

Web Site: www.ijettcs.org Email: editor@ijettcs.org, editorijettcs@gmail.com Volume 2, Issue 6, November December 2013 ISSN 2278-6856

ADAPTIVE NEURO-FUZZY CONTROLLER FOR THERMAL POWER PLANT OPTIMIZATION

1

Subodh Panda, 2Ajit Kumar Patro, 3Dr. (Mrs.) Sarada Baboo

1,2

Associate Professor, Department of Applied Electronics & Instrumentation Engineering, Gandhi Institute of Engineering & Technology(GIET), Gunupur-765022, Rayagada, Odisha, India. Professor & Head, Department of Computer Science and Application, Sambalpur University, Sambalpur, Odisha, India.

ABSTRACT: This paper represent how adaptive neurofuzzy controller is highly acceptable on process control with an example on monitoring and controlling dry flue gas temperature in power plant. Here we design a controller and optimize the process operation using neuro-fuzzy system where fuzzy controller supported by learning tech. derived from neural network. Proposed neuro-fuzzy controller with adaptive model is adjusted for the given problem with simplification of output variable in order to increase thermal efficiency of boiler. It is essential as non linear system based on mathematical model needs expensive and sophisticated instrument.

(Fig-1: Block Diagram for Nonlinear System Control)

2. CONVENTATIONAL CONTROL

METHOD

OF

KEY WORDS: Neuro-fuzzy control, dry flue gas, economizer, thermal efficiency, adaptive control

1. INTRODUCTION
Designing of adaptive neuro-fuzzy model monitor and analyze dry flue gas temperature and how to use its heat content for maximize thermal efficiency of power plant boiler. A set of input out data has been controlled from real time operation in flue gas line, economizer with feed water station at different interval of time for creating a neuro-fuzzy model that can replace tradisational controller. Adaptive neuro-fuzzy system which a intelligent system suppose to provide human like operation and skill within the range and protocol, adapt itself and learn to do better when environmental changes is expecting. Through this project an algorithms has developed which are capable of determine online an appropriate and interpretable rule base within a small number of simulation run. We describe the application of neuro-fuzzy learning method to a real time example that is temperature monitoring of dry flue gas to enhance thermal efficiency. Thermal efficiency of a boiler is the ratio between heat output in steam, hot water, and hot air and potential of heat energy in the form of fuel. The most important and variable losses is due to heated flue gas being discharge to atmosphere via the chimney. The total flue gas losses are the most significant of the losses and monitoring this will ensure maximum thermal efficiency. Control over this type of nonlinear system can be achieved through the Fig-1 shown. Volume 2, Issue 6 November December 2013

The flue gases leaving boiler are at a temperature higher then that of the steam produced. Part of this heat may be recoverable; use of the recovered heat at best possible way is through economizer. Feed water heater called as economizer can save up to 5% of fuel used. Recovered heat can be used to pre heat boiler feed water or combustion air. Heat losses due to dry flue gas can be calculated through this formula. L = M * Cp (T1 -T2)/GCV of fuel*100 Where L = % heat loss due to dry flue gas M =Mass of dry flue gas in kg/kg of fuel Cp= Specific heat of flue gas in kCal/kg T1 = Flue gas temperature in oC T2 = Ambient temperature in oC Fig-2 shows the systemic way for controlling dry flue gas temperature through economizer in real time.

(Fig-2: Conventational method of Dry Flue Gas Temperature Control) Page 99

International Journal of Emerging Trends & Technology in Computer Science (IJETTCS)

Web Site: www.ijettcs.org Email: editor@ijettcs.org, editorijettcs@gmail.com Volume 2, Issue 6, November December 2013 ISSN 2278-6856 3. THE NEURO-FUZZY CONTROLLER
Let us have a look on a intelligent controller where we consider a multi-input, single-output dynamic system whose states at any instant can be defined by n variables X1, X2,...,Xn. The control action that derives the system to a desired state can be described by a well known concept of if-then rules, where input variables are first transformed into their respective linguistic variables, also called fuzzification. Then, conjunction of these rules, called inferencing process, determines the linguistic value for the output. This linguistic value of the output also called fuzzified output is then converted to a crisp value by using defuzification scheme. All rules in this architecture are evaluated in parallel to generate the final output fuzzy set, which is then defuzzified to get the crisp output value. The conjunction of fuzzified inputs is usually done by either min or product operation (we use product operation) and for generating the output max or sum operation is generally used. For defuzification, we have used simplified reasoning method, also known as modified center of area method. For simplicity, triangular fuzzy sets will be used for both input and output. The whole working and analysis of fuzzy controller is dependent on the following constraints on fuzzification, defuzification and the knowledge base of an FLC, which give a linear approximation of most FLC implementations Constraint 1: The fuzzification process uses the triangular membership function. Constraint 2: The width of a fuzzy set extends to the peak value of each adjacent fuzzy set and vice versa. The sum of the membership values over the interval between two adjacent sets will be one. Therefore, the sum of all membership values over the universe of discourse at any instant for a control variable will always be equal to one. This constraint is commonly referred to as fuzzy partitioning. Constraint 3: The defuzification method used is the modified center of area method. This method is similar to obtaining a weighted average of all possible output values. An example of a very simple neuro-fuzzy controller with just four rules is depicted. This architecture can be readily understood as a neural-like architecture. At the same time, it can be easily interpreted as a fuzzy logic controller. The modules X1 and X2 represent the input variables that describe the state of the system to be controlled. These modules deliver crisp input values to the respective membership modules (-modules) which contain definitions of membership functions and basically fuzzified the input. Now, both the inputs are in the form of linguistic variables and membership associated with the respective linguistic variables. The -modules are further connected to R-modules which represent the rule base of the controller, also known as the knowledge base. Each -module gives to its connected R-modules, the membership value (xi) of the input variable Xi associated Volume 2, Issue 6 November December 2013 with that particular linguistic variable or the input fuzzy set. The R-modules use either min-operation or productoperation to generate conjunction of their respective inputs and pass this calculated value forward to one of modules. The -modules basically represent the output fuzzy sets or store the definition of output linguistic variables. If there are more than two rules affecting one output variable then either their sum or the max is taken and the fuzzy set is either clipped or multiplied by that resultant value. These -modules pass on the changed output fuzzy sets to C-module where the defuzification process is used to get the final crisp value of the output. The architecture given in Fig-3 of a fuzzy logic controller resembles a feed forward neural network. The X-, R-, and C-modules can be viewed as the neurons in a layered neural network and the - and -units as the adaptable weights of the network. The X-module layer can easily be identified as the input layer of a multi-input neural network whereas the C-module layer can be seen as the output layer. The R-module layer serves as the hidden or intermediate layer that constitute the internal representation of the network. The fact that one -module can be connected to more than one R-module is equivalent to the connections in a neural network that share a common weight. This is of key importance for keeping the structural integrity of the fuzzy controller intact.

(Fig-3: Neuro Fuzzy Controller Architecture)

4. ADAPTIVE NEURO-FUZZY CONTROLLER

System modeling based on conventional mathematical tools is not well suited for dealing with ill defined and uncertain systems. By contrast, fuzzy inference system employing fuzzy if-then rules can model the qualitative aspects of human knowledge and reasoning processes without employing precise quantitative analyses. Takagi and Sugeno were the first to systematically explore fuzzy modeling or fuzzy identification However, even today; no standard methods exist for transforming human knowledge or experience into the rule base and database of a fuzzy inference system. There is a need for effective methods for tuning the membership functions (MFs) so as to minimize the output error measure or maximize performance index. Recently, it was suggested by Roger Jang et al. that an architecture called Adaptive-Network based Fuzzy Inference System or Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference system can be used effectively for tuning the membership functions. ANFIS can serve as a basis for Page 100

International Journal of Emerging Trends & Technology in Computer Science (IJETTCS)

Web Site: www.ijettcs.org Email: editor@ijettcs.org, editorijettcs@gmail.com Volume 2, Issue 6, November December 2013 ISSN 2278-6856
constructing a set of fuzzy if then rules wit appropriate membership functions to generate the stipulated input-output pairs. Fundamentally, ANFIS is about taking an initial fuzzy inference (FIS) system and tuning it with a back propagation algorithm based on the collection of input-output data. In principle, if the size of available input-output data is large enough, then the fine tuning of the membership functions are applicable (or even necessary). Since the human determined membership functions are subject to the differences fro person to person and from time to time; they are rarely optimal in terms of reproducing desired outputs. However, if the data set is too small, then it probably does not contain enough information of the system under consideration. In this situation, the human-determined membership functions represent important knowledge obtained through human experts experiences and it might not be reflected in the data set; therefore the membership functions should be kept fixed throughout the learning process. Interestingly enough, if the membership functions are fixed and only the consequent part is adjusted, the ANFIS can be viewed as a functionallink network, where the enhanced representation of the input variables is achieved by the membership functions. This "enhanced representation which takes advantage of human knowledge is apparently more insight-revealing than the functional expansion and the tensor (outer product) models. By fine-tuning the membership functions, we actually make this enhanced representation also adaptive. adaptive control and learning control are immediate. Most of all, it can replace almost any neural networks in control systems to serve the some purposes. For a controller to be designed, a model of the system is required. The design can be done using conventional methods or ANFIS. In the former case, a mathematical model will be required, while the latter will be convenient if an identified ANFIS model of the system is available. The structure of the controller using ANFIS can take the schematic shown in Fig-4. Two ANFIS networks are used. The first one, called Controller ANFIS (CANFIS) is trained using the input output data of the controller as per the design specifications. If the mathematical model of the plant is not available, a second ANFIS can be trainer from the experimental input output data from the plant and the trained ANFIS can be used in place of the model.

(Fig-4 Nonlinear System Control with ANF Controller) (Data Collected for Calculation of Dry Flue Gas Temperature)

6. SIMULATION ANALYSIS
This paper uses dry flue gas temperature model of 600MW boiler in a power plant as controlled object. Simulate the adaptive fuzzy neural network controller (AFNNC) by MATLAB/SIMULINK, and then compare with fuzzy control (FC) and neural network control (NNC). In the dry flue gas temperature cascade control system, we set the parameter of deputy controller which is a single proportional one as 25, that, 2 25 p k = .Meanwhile, we also set the parameters of the main controller, that, quantization factor 65 e k =, 350 ec k =, scale factor 0.02 u k =. The parameters of intelligent proportional integral controller are: 1 1.2 p k =, 1 100 i k = .The simulation results are shown in Fig-5, 6.

5. ANFIS FOR CONTROL APPLICATION

Fuzzy control is by far the most successful applications of the fuzzy set theory and fuzzy, inference systems. Due to the adaptive capability of ANFIS, its applications to

(Fig-5: The membership Function Plot)

(Fig-6: State Response Curvs under Dry Flue Gas Temperture) Volume 2, Issue 6 November December 2013 Page 101

International Journal of Emerging Trends & Technology in Computer Science (IJETTCS)

Web Site: www.ijettcs.org Email: editor@ijettcs.org, editorijettcs@gmail.com Volume 2, Issue 6, November December 2013 ISSN 2278-6856 7. RESULTS ON ANFIS CONTROL
The input-output data pairs for training the CANFIS and SANFIS were generated using the conventional PID controller as discussed earlier. The parameters of the ANFIS network are as follows: No. of training data pairs: 500, Type of membership function generalized bell, No. of membership functions: 20, and No. of epochs for training: 500. The change in the membership functions for the ANFIS while identifying the system from the input output data is shown in Fig-5. Typical plots of the training data for the nonlinear system and the step response of the closed loop control system are shown in Fig-6. Here again, it is seen that the step response of the system with the proposed ANFIS controller is nearer to the ideal one. ANFIS configuration is far superior to the conventional PID a fuzzy controllers discussed. Through this ANF controller temperature of dry flue gas at the chimney end has come down 190oC which was earlier more than 350oC. This part of heat of a dry flue gas has been used for increasing feed water temperature supported by design model and controller. [5] Improving Energy Efficiency of Boiler System, A. Bhatia. CED Engineering.com. [6] Subodh Panda, Bikash Swain, Thermal Power Plants Efficiency Optimization using Back Propagation Neural Network, ATCIT, 40-43, ISBN NO:978-93-83060-00-9. [7] Subodh Panda, Bikash swain, Enhancing Thermal Plant Efficiency using Soft Computing, IJERT, ISSN 2278-018, Vol. 2, Issue 3, March-2013. [8] Subodh Panda, Bikash Swain, Sandeep Mishra, Blow Down Losses Control in Thermal Power Plants using Neural Network International Journal of Advancements in Research & Technology, Volume2, Issue5, May-2013 ISSN 2278-7763.

8. CONCLUSIONS
It has been shown by simulation that fuzzy logic control can be used to design a controller for typical nonlinear plants. The difficulty in tuning of the PID like controllers by several trials can be overcome if we choose a recently proposed adaptive neuro-fuzzy network for identifying the controller requirements and the model for representing plant which does not have a proper mathematical description or it is difficult to get one. The data available in the form of input output data pairs for the controller based on the specifications and the system from the experimental observations can be used in the ANFIS with relative ease. Of course, the practical implementation requires more studies as some of the normalization methods used in the ANFIS may have to be compensated for in scaling out the output level.

REFERENCES
[1] Nurnberger, A., Nauck, D., Kruse, R., Merz, L., A Neuro-Fuzzy Development Tool for Fuzzy Controllers under MATLAB/SIMULINK, In Proc. Of 5th European Congress on Intelligent Techniques & Soft Computing (EUFIT 97), Aachen, Germany, 1997. [2] Riedmilller, M., and Janusz, B., Using Neural Reinforcement Controllers in Robotics, Proceeding of the 8th Australian Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Canberra, Australia., 1995. [3] Sugeno (1985). Fuzzy Identification of Systems and its Applications to Modeling and Control, IEEE Trans. On System, Man and Cybernetics, Vol. SMC15, No. 1. [4] H. Nicholson (1980). Modeling of Dynamical System, IEE Control Engineering Series. Volume 2, Issue 6 November December 2013 Page 102