International Journal of Application or Innovation in Engineering & Management (IJAIEM)

Web Site: www.ijaiem.org Email: editor@ijaiem.org

Volume 10, Issue 5, May 2021 ISSN 2319 - 4847

ADVANCED LOAD FLOW STUDY AND

STABILITY ANALYSIS OF A REAL TIME
SYSTEM
Mrs. Suparna Pal1, Sandipan Sarkar2, Subhajit Sutradhar3, Shreoshree Sengupta 4, Pritam Kumar
Saha5, Subhankar Biswas6, Anuradha Pal7, Sandwip Modak8
1
Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, JIS College of Engineering, Kalyani, West Bengal, India
2,3,4,5,6,7 & 8
B.Tech, Final Year Students, Department of Electrical Engineering, JIS College of Engineering, Kalyani, West
Bengal, India

ABSTRACT
Analysis of Load Flow and Stability of a Real Time System provides valuable insights about its operational framework. It also
gives rise to the possibilities of further expansion of a pre-existing network on a much larger scale. Due to the growing need of
rapid urbanization and nationwide industrialization, the urban sector constantly needs to be monitored by a systematic model
so as to provide adequate power supply to each and every block in due course. Such a model is described in this paper. We
collected the extensive data of a real time system and inserted it on the ETAP software. After running simulations with it, we
received the load flow network in the form of diagrammatic representations. Load consumptions of sub-regions including
industrial hubs of the system were listed with the specifics of respective generating stations. Advanced Load Flow Analysis was
later obtained of the whole real time system in a time bound manner.
Keywords: Load Flow Study, ETAP Real time, Power Flow Analysis, Real Time Stability in Power Systems

1. INTRODUCTION
In case of the expansion of a power system network or addition of a new load in an already existing power system
network the load flow analysis plays a major role. The most common problem that occurs in a power system network is
voltage instability. Due to voltage instability, system blackouts take place repeatedly leading to power failures on a daily
basis and damaging the infrastructure to the extent of being never recovered. In order to prevent this, load flow analysis
is performed in which the buses that deliver power to the load are scrutinized to determine the voltage in steady state
condition. The power flowing through the transmission lines are calculated. All these are done using various iterative
techniques i.e. Gauss-Seidal Method, Newton-Raphson Method etc. Then, the power and voltage which have been
calculated are compared with the steady state voltages of the respective buses in order to obtain the condition of the
power system network. Thus, the purpose of Load Flow analysis is very crucial for examining a power system network
so as to maintain its continuation.

2. DETAILS OF THE REGION OF OUR STUDY

For our case study we have chosen Durgapur. It is a major industrial city situated in Paschim (West) Bardhaman
district in the state of West Bengal. According to the 2011 national population survey, the city has a population of
566,937. For the ease of calculations, the city has been divided into five zones (i.e. Central, Northern, Western,
Southern and Eastern). Net Power consumption of each zone has been taken into account in terms of kWh/day. The
zone-wise interpretation of the city is given below.

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International Journal of Application or Innovation in Engineering & Management (IJAIEM)
Web Site: www.ijaiem.org Email: editor@ijaiem.org
Volume 10, Issue 5, May 2021 ISSN 2319 - 4847

Figure 1 Zone-wise division of Durgapur Township

As the source of our case study we have taken Durgapur Project Limited. It is one of the city’s two major thermal
power plants. It is owned by West Bengal Power Development Corporation Limited. It consists of 7 units in total out of
which 2 is operational as of now. It has the capacity of 701 MW. The plant generates the power and distributes it at 11
kV in its licensed area at Durgapur. The surplus power is transmitted to West Bengal State Electricity Distribution
Company Limited (WBSEDCL).

Figure 2 Aerial View Durgapur Project Limited

3. IMPLEMENTATION OF THE COLLECTED DATA

We surveyed the region, categorized the types of consumers, collected the data of power consumption of each type
and put them into a tabular format. For the analysis of load flow, the software application E-TAP (Electrical Transient
Analyzer Program) has been used.

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International Journal of Application or Innovation in Engineering & Management (IJAIEM)
Web Site: www.ijaiem.org Email: editor@ijaiem.org
Volume 10, Issue 5, May 2021 ISSN 2319 - 4847

Figure 3 Flowchart of the entire operation

4. DATA COLLECTION, CALCULATION AND IMPLEMENTATION

4.1 Data Collected after Survey

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International Journal of Application or Innovation in Engineering & Management (IJAIEM)
Web Site: www.ijaiem.org Email: editor@ijaiem.org
Volume 10, Issue 5, May 2021 ISSN 2319 - 4847

Table 1: Power Consumption Details of the Load

Total Energy Consumption (kWh/day)
Type of Consumers Central Northern Western Southern Eastern
Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone
House 26790 375060 26505 30210 79515
School 67.32 119.68 67.32 254.32 59.84
Engineering College 33863.01 0 0 0 0
Medical College 0 3902.03 0 0 0
General Degree College &
University
10829.32 10829.32 0 0 0
Hospital 53555.4 26777.7 0 26777.7 44629.5
Hotel 994.5 828.75 663 1657.5 1160.25
Bank 1188.6 1584.8 990.5 198.1 1782.9
Govt. Office 3333.7 1372.7 196.1 588.3 3137.6
Factory 529335.18 336849.66 288728.28 336849.66 384971.04
Miscellaneous
(Street lights, traffic
Signal lights etc.) 12 12 12 12 12

4.2 Diagrammatic Representation of Durgapur Township

Figure 4 Diagrammatic representation of Durgapur Township (Upper part)

Figure 5 Diagrammatic representation of Durgapur Township (Lower Part)

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International Journal of Application or Innovation in Engineering & Management (IJAIEM)
Web Site: www.ijaiem.org Email: editor@ijaiem.org
Volume 10, Issue 5, May 2021 ISSN 2319 - 4847

4.3 Summary of the Load Flow Report

Table 3: Summary of Total Generation, Loading & Demand

MW MVAR MVA %PF
Source (Swing Buses) 3920.005 1734.068 4286.424 91.45 Lagging
Source (Non-Swing Buses) 0 0 0
Total Demand 3920.005 1734.068 4286.424 91.45 Lagging
Total Motor Load 2187.073 746.431 2310.94 94.64 Lagging
Total Static Load 1027.187 4.905 1027.199 100 Lagging
Total Constant I Load 0 0 0
Total Generic Load 0 0 0
Apparent Losses 705.745 982.731
System Mismatch 0 0

4.4 Result & Analysis

Load distribution is crucial to maintain power system stability. Only after analyzing it we are able to predict the
losses the system is about to incur. The transmission network of Durgapur has been divided into Buses, which is further
subdivided to feed various loads spread throughout the city. The voltage distribution of each bus thus corresponds to
certain section of loads situated in various zones of the city. The voltage distribution of the buses is thus understood by
graphical representation given below.

Figure 6 Bus vs. Voltage (kV) Figure 7 Bus vs. Current (Amperes)

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International Journal of Application or Innovation in Engineering & Management (IJAIEM)
Web Site: www.ijaiem.org Email: editor@ijaiem.org
Volume 10, Issue 5, May 2021 ISSN 2319 - 4847

Figure 8 Bus vs. Active Power (MW) Figure 9 Bus vs. Reactive Power (MVAR)

Figure 10 Branch vs. Loss Figure 11 Bus vs. Total Bus Load (MVA)

5. FUTURE ASPECTS OF OUR PROJECT

Load Flow Analysis plays a vital role in maintaining a stable and sustainable power system network. With the
growing need of industrialization, the necessity to conduct the analysis has become one of the most prioritized tasks in
the energy sector of our country. In order to keep up with the increasing population demand, both national and
international grid networks have to inspect their respective infrastructure and its elements to devise a fruitful solution
for ensuring the uninterrupted transmission of power. For that purpose to fill, load flow analysis has to be emphasized.
The future prospects of Load Flow Analysis will be much better in the coming era of Smart Grid system. The entire
process could possibly be performed in much less time span than what it takes today. Technological revolution will
bring in new gadgets (i.e. high-tech relays, circuit breakers, shunt compensators etc.) to modernize the concurrent
transmission system and to facilitate the process of surveying the load. The infrastructure can be made more versatile
and flexible to befit the need of the hour.

6. CONCLUSION
In our project, an inclusive study for load flow examination and determination has been laid out. For its successful
implementation, E-TAP has been used. Throughout the analysis, we presented various diagrams and graphical figures
to depict the specifics of the load with regard to the buses and to explain how those are interlinked with each other
which is significant for fueling the expansion of a power system network.

REFERENCES

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International Journal of Application or Innovation in Engineering & Management (IJAIEM)
Web Site: www.ijaiem.org Email: editor@ijaiem.org
Volume 10, Issue 5, May 2021 ISSN 2319 - 4847

[1] An IMPORTANCE OF DYNAMIC STABILITY: https://iknet.com.ua/en/static-and-dynamic-

stability/#:~:text=Dynamic%20stability%20is%20the%20ability,without%20switching%20to%20asynchronous%2
0mode.
[2] IMPORTANCE OF LOAD FLOW IN STABILITY ANALYSIS: https://carelabz.com/what-why-load-flow-
analysis-power-flow-analysis-
done/#:~:text=The%20load%20flow%20solution%20yields,regulate%20by%20load%20flow%20study
[3] MODERN STRUCTURE OF POWER SYSTEM NETWORK: https://electrical-engineering-portal.com/electric-
power-systems
[4] IMPORTANCE OF SOFTWARE ANALYSIS IN POWER SYSTEM NETWORK: http://mtaee.com/importance-
of-power-system-
analysis/#:~:text=Goals%20of%20a%20Power%20System%20Analysis&text=Some%20of%20the%20possible%20
studies,both%20normal%20and%20abnormal%20circumstances
[5] IMPORTANCE OF SOFTWARE ANALYSIS IN LOAD FLOW STUDY: https://www.omazaki.co.id/en/load-
flow-study-analysis/#:~:text=Software%20Analysis,-
Power%20system%20analysis&text=Using%20software%20simplifies%20the%20carrying,of%20a%20skilled%20
electrical%20engineer
[6] DIFFERENT TYPES OF SOFTWARES USE IN POWER SYSTEM NETWORK:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_engineering_software#:~:text=Power%20software%20as%20ETAP%2C%20
CYME,the%20category%20power%20engineering%20software
[7] Significance of ETAP software: https://www.rcciit.org/students_projects/projects
[8] Real time system stability monitoring: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228362249_Real-
Time_System_Stability_Monitoring_in_the_Transmission_Network_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina
[9] SHORT DESCRIPTION OF ETAP:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_Transient_Analyzer_Program#:~:text=Electrical%20Transient%20Analyz
er%20Program%20(ETAP,system%20dynamics%2C%20transients%20and%20protection
[10] Google Map View of Durgapur Township:
https://www.google.co.in/maps/place/Durgapur,+West+Bengal/@23.5365964,87.3362199,12z/data=!4m5!3m4!1s
0x39f7710b47a89171:0x429e1bdb57e009dd!8m2!3d23.5204443!4d87.3119227?hl=en&authuser=0

AUTHORS

Mrs. Suparna Pal is currently an Assistant Professor in the Department of Electrical Engineering in
JIS College of Engineering, Kalyani. She completed her M.Tech from the University of Calcutta in
2002 and has 17 years of teaching experience. Her areas of interest in research include Power System,
Control System and Renewable Energy.

Sandipan Sarkar is currently pursuing Bachelor of Technology (B.Tech) in Electrical Engineering

from JIS College of Engineering, Kalyani.

Subhajit Sutradhar is currently pursuing Bachelor of Technology (B.Tech) in Electrical Engineering

from JIS College of Engineering, Kalyani.

Shreoshree Sengupta is currently pursuing Bachelor of Technology (B.Tech) in Electrical

Engineering from JIS College of Engineering, Kalyani.

Volume 10, Issue 5, May 2021 Page 44

International Journal of Application or Innovation in Engineering & Management (IJAIEM)
Web Site: www.ijaiem.org Email: editor@ijaiem.org
Volume 10, Issue 5, May 2021 ISSN 2319 - 4847

Pritam Kumar Saha is currently pursuing Bachelor of Technology (B.Tech) in Electrical

Engineering from JIS College of Engineering, Kalyani.

Subhankar Biswas is currently pursuing Bachelor of Technology (B.Tech) in Electrical Engineering

from JIS College of Engineering, Kalyani.

Anuradha Pal is currently pursuing Bachelor of Technology (B.Tech) in Electrical Engineering from
JIS College of Engineering, Kalyani.

Sandwip Modak is currently pursuing Bachelor of Technology (B.Tech) in Electrical Engineering from
JIS College of Engineering, Kalyani.

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