Practice Test 1 For each of Questions 1-9, select ONE entry for each blank from the correspondin

column of choices! 1. The techniques now available to livestock breeders will continue to be ------------, but will probably be used by new ones under development. A. reversed B. invaded C. reassessed D. supplemented . ma!ni"ied #. The dis$unction between educational ob$ective that stress independence and individuality and those that emphasi%e obedience to rules and cooperation with others re"lects a ------------ that arise "rom the values on which these ob$ectives are based. A. con"lict B. redundancy C. !ain D. predictability . wisdom &. 'cholars( sense o" the uniqueness o" the central concept o" )the state* at the time when political science became an academic "ield quite naturally led to strivin! "or a correspondin!ly ------------ mode o" study. A. thorou!h B. distinctive C. dependable D. scienti"ic . dynamic +. As lon! as nations cannot themselves accumulate enou!h physical power to dominate all others, they must depend on ------------. A. allies B. resources C. "reedom D. education . sel"-determination ,. Durin! periods o" social and cultural stability, many art academies are so "irmly controlled by -i. -----------that all real creative work must be done by the -ii. ------------. "lank i "lank ii A. do!matists B. academicians C. pundits D. disen"ranchised . mana!ers /. reactionaries

0. 1nce a ducklin! has identi"ied a parent, then instinctive bond becomes a power"ul -i. ------------ "or additional learnin! since, by -ii. ------------ the parent, the ducklin! can acquire "urther in"ormation that is not !enetically transmitted. "lank i "lank ii 1

A.equilibrium B.re"erent C.channel

D. surpassin! . acknowled!in! /. mimickin!

2. Althou!h scientists claim that the seemin!ly -i. ------------ lan!ua!e o" their reports is more precise than the "i!urative lan!ua!e o" "iction, the lan!ua!e o" science, like all lan!ua!e, is inherently -ii. ------------. "lank i "lank ii A. ornamental D. allusive B. literal C. unintelli!ible D. symbolic . sequential 3. 4" the Titanic had hit the iceber! head on, its waterti!ht compartments mi!ht have saved it "rom -i. ------------, but the !reat liner swerved to -ii. ------------ the iceber! and in the collision so many compartments were opened to the sea that disaster was -iii. ------------. "lank i "lank ii "lank iii A. adversity D. avoid 5. averted B. denouement . contract 6. inevitable C. "ounderin! /. molli"y 4. limited 7. Allowin! distin!uished "i!ures to -i. ------------ on their e8periences, lives and wisdom learned, the memoir !enre has !iven us such si!ni"icant works as 9lysses '. 5rant(s :ersonal ;emoirs, an interestin!, wellwritten account o" his days as a !eneral and a president. At the opposite end o" the spectrum, the !enre also provides an outlet "or anyone who wants to share any -ii. ------------ e8perience, as evidenced by the -iii. ------------ release o" a "ly-by-ni!ht internet celebrity(s memoir ne8t month. "lank i "lank ii "lank iii A. e8tempori%e D. apocryphal 5. laudable B. e8patiate . petty 6. enviable C. a!itate /. eccentric 4. impendin! For each of Questions 1#- 1$, select the T%O ans&er choices that &hen used to complete the sentence blank, fit the meanin of the sentence as a &hole and produce completed sentences that are alike in meanin ! 1<. The evil o" class and race hatred must be eliminated while it is still in ------------ state= otherwise, it may !row to dan!erous proportions. A. an amorphous B. an overt C. a rudimentary D. a threatenin! . an independent /. an embryonic

11. Arrivin! in >ew 1rleans days a"ter 6urricane ?elda had passed and without an adequate number o" vehicles o" its own, the armed "orces be!an to ------------ any workin! "orm o" transportation they could "ind, includin! a bus that had been chartered at !reat e8pense by a !roup o" tourists. A. repatriate B. commandeer C. e8tradite D. interdict #

. e8pur!ate /. appropriate 1#. :ossessed o" an insatiable sweet tooth, @im en$oyed all kinds o" candy, but he had a special -----------"or !umdrops, his absolute "avorite. A. trauma B. a""inity C. odium D. nature . disre!ard /. predilection 'ection ((! )erbal *easonin 1&. Are you still readin! the other newspaper in townA Did you know that the Daily Bugle is owned by an out-o"-town business syndicate that couldn(t care less about the people o" 5otham CityA Bead the Daily Clarion, the only real voice o" the people o" 5otham CityC Dhich o" the "ollowin! most directly re"utes the ar!ument raised in the advertisement aboveA -A. 1ver hal" o" the advertisin! revenues o" the Daily Clarion come "rom "irms whose headquarters are located outside o" 5otham City. -B. The Daily Clarion usually devotes more o" its pa!es to out-o"-town news than does the Daily Bugle. -C. >early +< percent o" the readers o" the Daily Clarion reside outside the limits o" 5otham City. -D. The editor-in-chie" and all the other members o" the editorial sta"" o" the Daily Bugle have lived and worked in 5otham City "or ten years or more. - . The Daily Bugle has been published in 5otham City "or a lon!er time than has the Daily Clarion. 1+. As an e8perienced labor or!ani%er and the "ormer head o" one o" the nation(s most power"ul labor unions, 5rayson is an e8cellent choice to chair the new council on business-labor relations. Dhich o" the "ollowin!, i" true, would most stren!then the conclusion aboveA -A. The new council must have the support o" the nation(s labor leaders i" it is to succeed. -B. Durin! his years as a labor leader, 5rayson established a record o" !ood relations with business leaders. -C. The chair o" the new council must be a person who can communicate directly with the leaders o" the nation(s lar!est labor unions. -D. ;ost o" the other members o" the new council will be representatives o" business mana!ement interests. - . An understandin! o" the needs and problems o" labor is the only quali"ication necessary "or the $ob o" chairin! the new council.

'ection (((! *eadin +omprehension /eelin!s o" hopelessness amon! medieval workers trapped in the poverty cycle !radually lessened as it became possible "or women(s labor to supplement a "amily(s money income by more than pennies. By 1&<<, women spinners could be "ound workin! on their own "or wealthy sponsors, even a"ter the introduction in 4taly and /rance o" prohibition a!ainst advancin! money "or supplies to women spinners. 6istorians have usually interpreted this prohibition simply as evidence o" women(s economic sub$ection, since it obli!ed them to turn to usurers= however, it was also almost certainly a response to a trend toward di""erential reward "or women(s hi!her skill. Earn can be spun irre!ularly and lumpily, but per"ectly smooth &

yarn is worth more. Dorkin! "or merchant entrepreneurs on time rates, women had been paid hardly more than children= workin! as entrepreneurs themselves and producin! !ood work by the piece, they could break into -to make entry or entrance into )broke into the house* )break into show business*. the rational system o" di""erential rewards. 1,. The primary purpose o" the passa!e is to -A. propose and de"end a theory about the consequences o" a certain historical event -B. present historical "acts and o""er a broader interpretation o" those "acts than has been o""ered in the past -C. describe the socioeconomic e""ects o" a widely held attitude durin! a particular historical period -D. demonstrate the superiority o" usin! an economic approach to historical analysis - . call attention to the in"luence o" the te8tile industry on society durin! a particular historical period 10. 4t can be in"erred "rom the passa!e that the author views the system o" payin! all workers equally on time rates as -A. un"air and not rational -B. undesirable but unavoidable -C. e""icient and pro"itable -D. advanta!eous to most women workers - . evidence o" a trend toward a more modern wa!e system 12. The passa!e implies which o" the "ollowin! about women spinners in medieval uropeA -A. ;ost o" them worked independently "or wealthy sponsors. -B. They were not typical o" medieval women entrepreneurs. -C. 'ome o" them were paid "or their work a"ter it was done, accordin! to its value. -D. They would have been able to contribute substantial amounts to their "amilies incomes were it not "or the prohibition a!ainst advancin! money to them. - . They were inevitably disadvanta!ed in the marketplace because they were obli!ed to obtain money "or their supplies "rom usurers. 13. The passa!e implies that "eelin!s o" hopelessness amon! medieval workers -A. resulted primarily "rom the lack o" a rational system o" di""erential rewards -B. disappeared completely once medieval te8tile workers were able to break the cycle o" poverty -C. were more prevalent amon! "emale workers than amon! male workers -D. came into bein! in part because o" women(s limited earnin! capacity - . were particularly common amon! te8tile workers in 4taly and /rance 17. The author su!!ests that historians have done which o" the "ollowin!A -A. /ailed to !ive adequate consideration to the economic contribution o" women durin! the medieval period. -B. 1verestimated the de!ree o" hopelessness e8perienced by medieval workers trapped in the poverty cycle. -C. 4!nored the "act that by 1&<< many women spinners were workin! independently rather than "or merchant entrepreneurs. -D. Be!ard the economic status o" women in 4taly and /rance as representative o" women(s status throu!hout medieval urope. - . 1verlooked part o" the si!ni"icance o" a prohibition !overnin! one aspect o" yarn production in medieval urope. This is the end of Practice Test 1! Practice Test $ For each of Questions 1-9, select ONE entry for each blank from the correspondin column of choices! 1. 9nlike other e8amples o" ----------- verse, ;iltonFs Lycidas does more than merely mourn the death o" dward Gin!= it also denounces corruption in the church in which Gin! was ordained. A. satiric +

B. ele!iac C. e8plicit D. didactic . pedestrian #. :overty can be a "unction not only o" absolute wealth, but also o" comparison in a community= in an area with ----------- income levels, those at the very bottom will su""er cost-o"-livin! increases brou!ht on by those in the middle and top income brackets. A. disparate B. plain C. arduous D. onerous . waverin! &. The newest "iber-optic cables that carry telephone calls cross-country are made o" !lass so ----------- that a piece 1<< miles thick is clearer than a standard windowpane. A. "ra!ile B. immaculate C. iridescent D. tan!ible . transparent +. A"ter "ailin! to advance to the "in al round o" the state spellin! bee "or the third year in a row, 6eatherFs mood could only be described as -----------. A. morose B. chary C. contrite D. impecunious . detestable ,. The "irst "orty years o" li"e !ive us the te8t= the ne8t thirty supply the -----------. A. abrid!ment B. biblio!raphy C. commentary D. epitaph . epic 0. The success o" the espiona!e mission depended on the ability o" the mole to "ei!n -i. ----------- in order to in!ratiate hersel" within the company ranks. 1therwise, all the mission plans would be compromised and the spies would have to -ii. ----------- the mission. "lank i "lank ii 5. nescience D. actuali%e 6. irascibility 4. complaisance . truncate /. demean

2. @ust as disloyalty is the mark o" the rene!ade, -i. ----------- is the mark o" the -ii. -----------. "lank i "lank ii A.avarice @. craven B. cowardice G. la!!ard C. vanity H. misanthrope 3. Critics o" the movie version o" The Color Purple -i. -----------its saccharine, overoptimistic tune as out o" keepin! with the novel(s more -ii. -----------quality. ,

"lank i 5. decried 6. acclaimed @. recti"ied

"lank ii D. cloyin! 4. e8cessive G. acerbic

7. 1ne o" the most -i. ----------- educators 4n >ew Eork Dr. 'halala -ii. ----------- a controversy in 173+ by callin! the city public school a Irotten barrel I in need o" --------- re"orm. "lank i "lank ii "lank iii D. mediocre D. i!nited 5. systemic . pusillanimous . anta!oni%ed 6. urbane /. outspoken H. connived at @.mercenary For each of Questions 1#- 1$, select the T%O ans&er choices that &hen used to complete the sentence blank, fit the meanin of the sentence as a &hole and produce completed sentences that are alike in meanin ! 1<. :erhaps because somethin! in us instinctively distrusts such displays o" natural "luency, some readers approach @ohn 9pdike(s "iction with ----------. A. wariness B. impartiality C. suspicion D. veneration . bewilderment /. remorse 11. /ew other plants can !row beneath the canopy o" the sycamore tree, whose leaves and pods produce a natural herbicide that leaches into the surroundin! soil, ------------ other plants that mi!ht compete "or water and nutrients. A. inhibitin! B. downplayin! C. nourishin! D. suppressin! . harvestin! /. "ertili%in!

1#. Contemporary authors are much more at liberty to be candid than were authors o" previous centuries, but modern writers nevertheless o"ten "ind themselves ------------ portions o" their works. A. emancipatin! B. censorin! C. re"utin! D. censurin! . amelioratin! /. bowdleri%in! 'ection ((! )erbal *easonin 0

;a!netic resonance ima!in! -;B4.Ja noninvasive dia!nostic procedureJcan be used to identi"y blocka!es in the coronary arteries. 4n contrast to an!io!ramsJthe invasive procedure customarily usedJ ;B4(s pose no risk to patients. Thus, to !uarantee patient sa"ety in the attempt to dia!nose arterial blocka!es, ;B4(s should replace an!io!rams in all attempts at dia!nosin! coronary blocka!es. 1,! %hich of the follo&in , if true, &ould most support the recommendation abo-e. -A. An!io!rams can be used to dia!nose conditions other than blocka!es in arteries. -B. ;B4(s were desi!ned primarily in order to dia!nose blocka!es in the coronary arteries. -C. An!io!rams reveal more in"ormation about the nature o" a blocka!e than an ;B4 can. -D. An ;B4 is $ust as likely as an an!io!ram to identi"y an arterial blocka!e. - . 'ome patients "or whom an an!io!ram presents no risk are unwillin! to under!o an ;B4. ;any consumers are concerned about the ecolo!ical e""ects o" waste"ul packa!in!. This concern probably e8plains why stores have been quick to stock new cleanin! products that have been produced in a concentrated "orm. The concentrated "orm is packa!ed in smaller containers that use less plastic and require less transportation space. 1/! %hich of the follo&in , if true, most seriously undermines the e0planation offered abo-e. -A. /ew consumers believe that containers o" concentrated cleanin! products are merely small packa!es o" re!ular cleanin! products. -B. The containers in which concentrated cleanin! products are packa!ed are no harder to recycle than those in which re!ular cleanin! products are packa!ed. -C. Those concentrated cleanin! products that are intended to be used diluted have clear instructions "or dilution printed on their labels. -D. The smaller containers o" concentrated cleanin! products enable supermarkets and dru!stores to increase their revenues "rom a !iven shel" space. - . Consumer pressure has led to the elimination o" waste"ul cardboard packa!in! that was used "or compact discs. 'ection (((! *eadin +omprehension 4n the early 17,<(s, historians who studied preindustrial urope -which we may de"ine here as urope in the period "rom rou!hly 1&<< to 13<<. be!an, "or the "irst time in lar!e numbers, to investi!ate more o" the preindustrial uropean population than the # or & percent who comprised the political and social eliteK the kin!s, !enerals, $ud!es, nobles, bishops, and local ma!nates who had hitherto usually "illed history books. 1ne di""iculty, however, was that "ew o" the remainin! 72 percent recorded their thou!hts or had them chronicled by contemporaries. /aced with this situation, many historians based their investi!ations on the only records that seemed to e8istK birth, marria!e, and death records. As a result, much o" the early work on the nonelite was aridly statistical in nature= reducin! the vast ma$ority o" the population to a set o" numbers was hardly more enli!htenin! than i!norin! them alto!ether. 6istorians still did not know what these people thou!ht or "elt. 1ne way out o" this dilemma was to turn to the records o" le!al courts, "or here the voices o" the nonelite can most o"ten be heard, as witnesses, plainti""s, and de"endants. These documents have acted as )a point o" entry into the mental world o" the poor.* 6istorians such as He Boy Hadurie have used the documents to e8tract case histories, which have illuminated the attitudes o" di""erent social !roups -these attitudes include, but are not con"ined to, attitudes toward crime and the law. and have revealed how the authorities administered $ustice. 4t has been societies that have had a developed police system and practiced Boman law, with its written depositions, whose court records have yielded the most data to historians. 4n An!lo-'a8on countries hardly any o" these bene"its obtain, but it has still been possible to !lean in"ormation "rom the study o" le!al documents. The e8traction o" case histories is not, however, the only use to which court records may be put. 6istorians who study preindustrial urope have used the records to establish a series o" cate!ories o" crime and to quanti"y indictments that were issued over a !iven number o" years. This use o" the records does yield some in"ormation about the nonelite, but this in"ormation !ives us little insi!ht into the mental lives o" the nonelite. De also know that the number o" indictments in preindustrial urope bears little relation to the number o" actual criminal acts, and we stron!ly suspect that the relationship has varied widely over time. 4n addition, a!!re!ate population estimates are very shaky, which makes it di""icult "or 2

historians to compare rates o" crime per thousand in one decade o" the preindustrial period with rates in another decade. 5iven these inadequacies, it is clear why the case history use o" court records is to be pre"erred. 1,. The author su!!ests that, be"ore the early 17,<(s, most historians who studied preindustrial urope did which o" the "ollowin!A -A. /ailed to make distinctions amon! members o" the preindustrial uropean political and social elite. -B. 9sed investi!atory methods that were almost e8clusively statistical in nature. -C. 4naccurately estimated the in"luence o" the preindustrial uropean political and social elite. -D. Con"ined their work to a narrow ran!e o" the preindustrial uropean population. - . Tended to rely heavily on birth, marria!e, and death records. 10. Accordin! to the passa!e, the case histories e8tracted by historians have -A. scarcely illuminated the attitudes o" the political and social elite -B. indicated the manner in which those in power apportioned $ustice -C. "ocused almost entirely on the thou!hts and "eelin!s o" di""erent social !roups toward crime and the law -D. been considered the "irst kind o" historical writin! that utili%ed the records o" le!al courts - . been based "or the most part on the trial testimony o" police and other le!al authorities 12. The author mentions He Boy Hadurie -para!raph #. in order to -A. !ive an e8ample o" a historian who has made one kind o" use o" court records -B. cite a historian who has based case histories on the birth, marria!e, and death records o" the nonelite -C. identi"y the author o" the quotation cited in the previous sentence -D. !ain authoritative support "or the view that the case history approach is the most "ruit"ul approach to court records - . point out the "irst historian to reali%e the value o" court records in illuminatin! the belie"s and values o" the nonelite 13. Accordin! to the passa!e, which o" the "ollowin! is true o" indictments "or crime in urope in the preindustrial periodA -A. They have, in terms o" their numbers, remained relatively constant over time. -B. They !ive the historian important in"ormation about the mental lives o" those indicted. -C. They are not a particularly accurate indication o" the e8tent o" actual criminal activity. -D. Their importance to historians o" the nonelite has been !enerally overestimated. - . Their problematic relationship to actual crime has not been acknowled!ed by most historians.

17. 4t can be in"erred "rom the passa!e that a historian who wished to compare crime rates per thousand in a uropean city in one decade o" the "i"teenth century with crime rates in another decade o" that century would probably be most aided by better in"ormation about which o" the "ollowin!A -A. The causes o" unrest in the city durin! the two decades -B. The a!!re!ate number o" indictments in the city nearest to the city under investi!ation durin! the two decades -C. The number o" people who lived in the city durin! each o" the decades under investi!ation -D. The mental attitudes o" criminals in the city, includin! their "eelin!s about authority, durin! each o" the decades under investi!ation - . The possibilities "or a member o" the city(s nonelite to become a member o" the political and social elite durin! the two decades 3

#<. The passa!e would be most likely to appear as part o" -A. a book review summari%in! the achievements o" historians o" the uropean aristocracy -B. an essay describin! trends in the practice o" writin! history -C. a te8tbook on the application o" statistical methods in the social sciences -D. a report to the historical pro"ession on the work o" early-twentieth-century historians - . an article ur!in! the adoption o" historical methods by the le!al pro"ession

This is the end of Practice Test $!

Practice Test , For each of Questions 1-9, select ONE entry for each blank from the correspondin column of choices! 1. The losin! animal in a stru!!le saves itsel" "rom destruction by an act o" --------, an act usually reco!ni%ed and accepted by the winner. -A. submission -B. presumption -C. truculence -D. retribution - . "allacy

#. 'ince many casual smokers develop lun! cancer and many chronic smokers do not, scientists believe that individuals di""er in their -------- the cancer-causin! a!ents known to be present in ci!arette smoke. -A. susceptibility to -B. concern about -C. pro8imity to -D. reliance upon - . e8posure to &. 4" animal parents were $ud!ed by human standards, the cuckoo would be one o" nature(s more -------creatures, blithely layin! its e!!s in the nests o" other birds, and leavin! the incubatin! and nurturin! to them. -A. mettlesome -B. industrious -C. compliant -D. lackluster - . "eckless +. The current penchant "or toutin! a product by deni!ratin! a rival, named in the advertisement by brand name, seems somewhat --------K suppose the consumer remembers only the rival(s nameA -A. retro!rade -B. "oolhardy -C. insipid -D. cumbersome - . !ullible ,. There has been a tendency amon! art historians not so much to revise as to eliminate the concept o" the BenaissanceJto -------- not only its uniqueness, but its very e8istence. -A. constitute -B. e8tol -C. transmute -D. re!ret - . contest

0. Despite an a""ected -i. -------- that convinced casual observers that he was indi""erent about his paintin! and cared only "or "rivolity, Darhol cared deeply about his art and labored at it -ii. -------- . "lank i "lank ii ;. !loom D. intermittently >. "ervor . ambivalently nonchalance /. dili!ently 2. The intentions o" the restaurant critic were -i. -------- = he accepted the assi!nment to review the new bistro not as -ii. -------- $ournalist, but as a private citi%en seekin! reven!e a!ainst the owner, who h ad wron!ed him in a business deal years be"ore. "lank i "lank ii A. incompatible D. discernin! B. malevolent . "allible 1<

C. tenable

/. stoical

3. A"ter havin! worked in the soup kitchen "eedin! the homeless, the volunteer be!an to see her own !ood "ortune as -i. -------- and her di""erence "rom the destitute as chance rather than -ii. --------. "lank i "lank ii A. a "luke D. resolution B. an omen . destiny C. a chore /. e8trava!ance 7. The question o" when, i" even, history can be considered -i. -------- is contentious, to say the least. 1ne could ar!ue, "or e8ample, that any evaluation o" the 13<-year-old presidency o" Andrew @ackson would likely be -ii. -------- the controversies that de"ine evaluations o" more contemporaneous political leaders, and yet a plethora o" passionately held views continues to polari%e. The -iii. -------- o" any one $ud!ment is perhaps the one certainty surroundin! the issue. "lank i "lank ii "lank iii 5. tendentious D. "ree "rom 5. sub$ectivity 6. apolitical . characteristic o" 6. con"ormity 4. derivative /. mired in G. endorse ment For each of Questions 1#- 1$, select the T%O ans&er choices that &hen used to complete the sentence blank, fit the meanin of the sentence as a &hole and produce completed sentences that are alike in meanin ! 1<. The other students in the dinin! hall quickly learned to avoid any table where /red was sittin! because he constantly inter$ected -------- remarks into every conversation !oin! on nearby. A. puerile B. crude C. limpid D. inimical . $e$une /. insidious

11. Dhile blood and human sacri"ices per"ormed to molli"y the !ods were ubiquitous in ancient cultures, the ;ayans( propensity "or sacri"icin! prisoners "rom nei!hborin! tribes -------- all the other tribes. A. incarcerated B. patroni%ed C. disquieted D. undermined . condoned /. a""ronted 1#. 9nder no delusions about his actual "inancial situation, the man(s desire to present a "ru!al picture to his "riends and avoid bein! labeled --------- caused him to !o to such an e8treme that he ended up bein! called a scroo!e. A. a spendthri"t B. a prodi!al C. a miser D. a hedonist 11

. a skin"lint /. a epicure 'ection ((! )erbal *easonin Hike a number o" other articles, 4an Ba!hnall(s article relied on a recent survey in which over hal" the couples applyin! "or divorces listed )money* as a ma$or problem in their marria!es. Ba!hnall(s conclusion "rom the survey data is that "inancial problems are the ma$or problem in marria!es and an important "actor contributin! to hi!h divorce rate. Eet couples o"ten e8press other types o" marital "rustrations in "inancial terms. Despite appearances, the survey data do not establish that "inancial problems are the ma$or problem in contemporary marria!es. 1,! %hich one of the follo&in sentences best e0presses the main point of the passa e. -A. /inancial problems are not an important "actor contributin! to the divorce rate. -B. ;arital problems are more easily solved by marria!e counselors than by married couples on their own. -C. The conclusion drawn in Ba!hnall(s article is inadequately $usti"ied. -D. 1ver hal" the couples applyin! "or divorces listed money as a ma$or problem in their marria!es. - . ;any articles wron!ly claim that "inancial problems are the ma$or "actor contributin! to the divorce rate. 1/! (n the passa e, the author does &hich one of the follo&in . -A. undermines a conclusion drawn "rom statistical data by o""erin! a speci"ic countere8ample -B. undermines a conclusion drawn "rom statistical data by o""erin! an alternative e8planation "or some o" the data -C. undermines a conclusion drawn "rom statistical data by showin! that one cannot prove the presence o" an emotion by usin! statistical methods -D. undermines a conclusion drawn "rom statistical data by critici%in! the survey "or which the data was !athered - . undermines a conclusion by showin! that couples cannot accurately describe their own problems

The public is well aware that hi!h blood cholesterol levels raise the risk o" stroke caused by blood clots. But a recent report concludes that people with low blood cholesterol levels are at increased risk o" the other lethal type o" strokeJcerebral hemorrha!e, caused when a brain artery bursts. The report su!!ests that because blood cholesterol plays a vital role in maintainin! cell membranes, low blood cholesterol weakens artery walls, makin! them prone to rupture. The conclusion thus supports a lon!-standin! contention by @apanese researchers that Destern diets better protect a!ainst cerebral hemorrha!e than do non-Destern diets. 11! The ar ument is based on &hich one of the follo&in assumptions. -A. Destern diets are healthier than non-Destern diets. -B. Destern diets result in hi!her blood cholesterol levels than do non-Destern diets. -C. 6i!h blood cholesterol levels preclude the weakenin! o" artery walls. -D. Cerebral hemorrha!es are more dan!erous than strokes caused by blood clots. - . :eople who have low blood pressure are at increased risk o" cerebral hemorrha!e. 'ection (((! *eadin +omprehension 1#

Lolcanic rock that "orms as "luid lava chills rapidly is called pillow lava. This rapid chillin! occurs when lava erupts directly into water -or beneath ice. or when it "lows across a shoreline and into a body o" water. Dhile the term )pillow lava* su!!ests a de"inite shape, in "act !eolo!ists disa!ree. 'ome !eolo!ists ar!ue that pillow lava is characteri%ed by discrete, ellipsoidal masses. 1thers describe pillow lava as a tan!led mass o" cylindrical, interconnected "low lobes. ;uch o" this controversy probably results "rom unwarranted e8trapolations o" the ori!inal con"i!uration o" pillow "lows "rom two-dimensional cross sections o" eroded pillows in land outcroppin!s. Lirtually any cross section cut throu!h a tan!led mass o" interconnected "low lobes would !ive the appearance o" a pile o" discrete ellipsoidal masses. Adequate three-dimensional ima!es o" intact pillows are essential "or de"inin! the true !eometry o" pillowed "lows and thus ascertainin! their mode o" ori!in. 4ndeed, the term )pillow,* itsel" su!!estive o" discrete masses, is probably a misnomer. 10. Dhich o" the "ollowin! is a "act presented in the passa!eA -A. The shape o" the connections between the separate, sacklike masses in pillow lava is unknown. -B. ;ore accurate cross sections o" pillow lava would reveal the mode o" ori!in. -C. Dater or ice is necessary "or the "ormation o" pillow lava. -D. >o three-dimensional e8amples o" intact pillows currently e8ist. - . The ori!in o" pillow lava is not yet known. 12. 4n the passa!e, the author is primarily interested in -A. analy%in! the source o" a scienti"ic controversy -B. critici%in! some !eolo!ists( methodolo!y -C. pointin! out the "laws in a !eolo!ical study -D. proposin! a new theory to e8plain e8istin! scienti"ic evidence - . describin! a physical phenomenon 13. The author o" the passa!e would most probably a!ree that the !eolo!ists mentioned in line 0 -)'ome !eolo!ists*. have made which o" the "ollowin! errors in reasonin!A 4. 5enerali%ed un$usti"iably "rom available evidence. 44. Deliberately i!nored e8istin! counterevidence. 444. Bepeatedly "ailed to take new evidence into account. -A. 4 only -B. 44 only -C. 444 only -D. 4 and 44 only - . 44 and 444 only A serious critic has to comprehend the particular content, unique structure, and special meanin! o" a work o" art. And here she "aces a dilemma. The critic must reco!ni%e the artistic element o" uniqueness that requires sub$ective reaction= yet she must not be unduly pre$udiced by such reactions. 6er likes and dislikes are less important than what the work itsel" communicates, and her pre"erences may blind her to certain qualities o" the work and thereby prevent an adequate understandin! o" it. 6ence, it is necessary that a critic develop a sensibility in"ormed by "amiliarity with the history o" art and aesthetic theory. 1n the other hand, it is insu""icient to treat the artwork solely historically, in relation to a "i8ed set o" ideas or values. The critic(s knowled!e and trainin! are, rather, a preparation o" the co!nitive and emotional abilities needed "or an adequate personal response to an artwork(s own particular qualities. 17. Accordin! to the author, a serious art critic may avoid bein! pre$udiced by her sub$ective reactions i" she -A. treats an artwork in relation to a "i8ed set o" ideas and values -B. brin!s to her observation a knowled!e o" art history and aesthetic theory -C. allows more time "or the observation o" each artwork -D. takes into account the pre"erences o" other art critics - . limits hersel" to that art with which she has adequate "amiliarity #<. The author(s ar!ument is developed primarily by the use o" 1&

-A. an attack on sentimentality -B. an e8ample o" success"ul art criticism -C. a critique o" artists( trainin! -D. a warnin! a!ainst e8tremes in art criticism - . an analo!y between art criticism and art production

This is the end of Practice Test ,!

Practice test / For each of Questions 1-2, select ONE entry for each blank from the correspondin column of choices! 1. The sheer bulk o" data "rom the mass media seems to overpower us and drive us to --------accounts "or an easily and readily di!estible portion o" news. -A. insular -B. investi!ative -C. synoptic -D. sub$ective - . sensational #. Durin! the opera(s most "amous aria, the tempo chosen by the orchestra(s conductor seemed without necessary relation to what had !one be"ore. -A. ephemeral -B. melodious -C. capricious 1+ --------,

-D. compellin! - . cautious & 4ronically, the party leaders encountered no !reater -------- their e""orts to build a pro!ressive party than the resistance o" the pro!ressives already elected to the le!islature. -A. advocacy "or -B. precursor to -C. a""iliation to -D. obstacle to - . commendation "or +. Dhile :arker is very outspoken on issues she cares about, she is not --------= she concedes the validity o" opposin! ar!uments when they e8pose weaknesses inherent in her own. -A. "ickle -B. arro!ant -C. incompatible -D. con!enial - . unyieldin! ,. Althou!h the revelation that one o" the contestants was a "riend le"t the $ud!e open to char!es o" lack o" -i. ------, the $ud!e remained adamant in her assertion that acquaintance did not necessarily imply -ii. --------. Blank-i. discretion detachment e8oneration Blank-ii. "oreknowled!e impropriety partiality

0.

8posure to sustained noise has been claimed to -i. -------- blood pressure re!ulation in human bein!s and, particularly, to increase hypertension, even thou!h some researchers have obtained inconclusive results that -ii. -------- the relationship. Blank-i. impair a!!ravate molli"y Blank-ii. buttress obscure accede

2. 1ur new tools o" systems analysis, power"ul thou!h they may be, lead to -i. --------theories, especially, and predictably, in economics and political science, where productive approaches have lon! been hi!hly -ii. --------. Blank-i. e8plicable pra!matic simplistic Blank-ii. elusive conver!ent e""icacious

3. Leeder claims that the very notion o" the e8istence o" synonyms is -i. -------, as words depend on -ii. -------, connotation, and lin!uistic and cultural conte8t "or their -iii. ------- meanin!s. Blank-i. veracious Blank-ii. denotation 1, Blank-iii. sub$ective

"allacious maladaptive

co!itation mastication

distinct interchan!eable

7. As part o" ;arina Abramovics !roundbreakin! e8hibition at the ;useum o" ;odern Art in >ew Eork City, the artist hersel" lo!!ed 2<< hours over the course o" & months in a small chair. Lisitors were invited to sit across "rom the per"ormance artist(s stolid countenance, "or whatever -i. ------- they desired, the -ii. ------- sittin! "or only a "ew moments and the bold sittin! "or several hours= the visitors thus became -iii. -------components o" the piece, wittin!ly or unwittin!ly. Blank-i. motive tenure approbation Blank-ii. irresolute boorish !enial Blank-iii. inte!ral culpable nascent

1<. ;iddlemarch author 5eor!e liot reportedly bemoaned the dearth o" -i. ------- women, o" which her welleducated main character, Dorothea, was a -ii. -------. There"ore, liot scholars have lon! debated the author(s meanin! in marryin! Dorothea to the elderly preacher Casaubon and havin! him e8ploit his bride "or -iii. ------- needs. Blank-i. captious erudite venal Blank-ii. paradi!m miso!ynist chimera Blank-iii. menial clerical nebulous

For each of Questions 9- 1#, select the T%O ans&er choices that &hen used to complete the sentence blank, fit the meanin of the sentence as a &hole and produce completed sentences that are alike in meanin ! 11. Hon!dale and 'tern discovered that mitochondria and chloroplasts share a lon!, identi"iable sequence o" D>A= such a coincidence could beMMMMMMonly by the trans"er o" D>A between the two systems. -A. quadrupled -B. accounted "or -C. pinpointed -D. $usti"ied - . disclosed -/. scrutini%ed 1#. 4t was a war the queen and her more prudent counselors wished to -------- i" they could and were determined in any event to postpone as lon! as possible. -A. shun -B. denounce -C. insti!ate -D. curtail - . eschew -/. diminish

10

1&. There is some sort o" -------- the "act that the author o" a book as sensitive and in"ormed as 4ndian Artisans did not develop her interest in >ative American art until adulthood, "or she !rew up in a re!ion rich in American 4ndian culture. -A. irony in -B. satis"action in -C. ambivalence about -D. concern about - . parado8 in -/. apprehension about

For each of Questions 1/-$1 select one ans&er choice unless other&ise directed! Question 1/ is based on this passa e! 'ome people take their moral cues "rom !overnmental codes o" law= "or them, it is inconceivable that somethin! that is le!ally permissible could be immoral. 1/! Those &hose -ie& is described abo-e hold inconsistent beliefs if they also belie-e that -A. law does not cover all circumstances in which one person morally wron!s another -B. a le!ally impermissible action is never morally e8cusable -C. !overnmental o""icials sometimes behave ille!ally -D. the moral consensus o" a society is e8pressed in its laws - . some !overnmental re!ulations are so detailed that they are burdensome to the economy

Question 11 is based on this passa e! The !rowin! popularity o" computer-based activities was widely e8pected to result in a decline in television viewin!, since it had been assumed that people lack su""icient "ree time to maintain current televisionviewin! levels while spendin! increasin! amounts o" "ree time on the computer. That assumption, however, is evidently "alseK in a recent mail survey concernin! media use, a very lar!e ma$ority o" respondents who report increasin! time spent per week usin! computers report no char!e in time spent watchin! television. 11! %hich of the follo&in &ould it be most useful to determine in order to e-aluate the ar ument. -A. Dhether a lar!e ma$ority o" the survey respondents reported watchin! television re!ularly -B. Dhether the amount o" time spent watchin! television is declinin! amon! people who report that they rarely or never use computers -C. Dhether the type o" television pro!rams a person watches tends to chan!e as the amount o" time spent per week usin! computers increases -D. Dhether a lar!e ma$ority o" the computer owners in the survey reported spendin! increasin! amounts o" time per week usin! computers - . Dhether the survey respondents( reports o" time spent usin! computers included time spent usin! computers at work Question 13 is based on this passa e! 'cientists typically do their most creative work be"ore the a!e o" "orty. 4t is commonly thou!ht that this happens because a in by itself brin s about a loss of creati-e capacity! 6owever, a study has "ound that almost all scientists who produce hi!hly creative work beyond the a!e o" "orty entered their "ields late and less than a do%en years be"ore their creative breakthrou!hs. 'ince creati-e breakthrou hs by 12

scientists under forty also enerally occur &ithin a do4en years of the scientist5s entry into the field, the study(s "indin! stron!ly su!!ests that the real reason why scientists over "orty rarely produce hi!hly creative work is not due to a!e but rather because most have spent too lon! in their "ields. 13! (n the ar ument i-en, the t&o portions in boldface play &hich of the follo&in roles. -A. The "irst is the position that the ar!ument as a whole de"ends= the second is evidence that is advanced as part o" that de"ense. -B. The "irst and second are both claims that have been advanced in support o" a position that the ar!ument as a whole opposes. -C. The "irst is an e8planation that the ar!ument challen!es= the second provides evidence in support o" a competin! e8planation that the ar!ument de"ends. -D. The "irst is an e8planation that the ar!ument challen!es= the second is evidence that has been used a!ainst an alternative e8planation that the ar!ument de"ends. - . The "irst is an e8planation that the ar!ument de"ends= the second is evidence that has been used to challen!e that e8planation.

Questions 16-$# are based on this passa e! 4n"luenced by the view o" some twentieth-century "eminists that women(s position within the "amily is one o" the central "actors determinin! women(s social position, some historians have underestimated the si!ni"icance o" the woman su""ra!e movement. These historians contend that nineteenth-century su""ra!ist was less radical and, hence, less important than, "or e8ample, the moral re"orm movement or domestic "eminismJtwo nineteenth-century movements in which women stru!!led "or more power and autonomy within the "amily. True, by emphasi%in! these stru!!les, such historians have broadened the conventional view o" nineteenth-century "eminism, but they do a historical disservice to su""ra!ism. >ineteenth-century "eminists and anti-"eminist alike perceived the su""ra!ists( demand "or en"ranchisement as the most radical element in women(s protest, in part because su""ra!ists were demandin! power that was not based on the institution o" the "amily, women(s traditional sphere. Dhen evaluatin! nineteenth-century "eminism as a social "orce, contemporary historians should consider the perceptions o" actual participants in the historical events. 12. The author asserts that the historians discussed in the passa!e have -A. in"luenced "eminist theorists who concentrate on the "amily -B. honored the perceptions o" the women who participated in the women su""ra!e movement -C. treated "eminism as a social "orce rather than as an intellectual tradition -D. paid little attention to "eminist movements - . e8panded the conventional view o" nineteenth-century "eminism 13. The author o" the passa!e asserts that some twentieth-century "eminists have in"luenced some historians view o" the -A. si!ni"icance o" the woman su""ra!e movement -B. importance to society o" the "amily as an institution -C. de!ree to which "eminism chan!ed nineteenth-century society -D. philosophical traditions on which contemporary "eminism is based - . public response to domestic "eminism in the nineteenth century 17. The author o" the passa!e su!!ests that which o" the "ollowin! was true o" nineteenth-century 13

"eministsA -A. Those who participated in the moral re"orm movement were motivated primarily by a desire to reconcile their private lives with their public positions. -B. Those who advocated domestic "eminism, althou!h less visible than the su""ra!ists, were in some ways the more radical o" the two !roups. -C. Those who participated in the woman su""ra!e movement sou!ht social roles "or women that were not de"ined by women(s "amilial roles. -D. Those who advocated domestic "eminism re!arded the !ainin! o" more autonomy within the "amily as a step toward more participation in public li"e. - . Those who participated in the nineteenth-century moral re"orm movement stood midway between the positions o" domestic "eminism and su""ra!ism. #<. The author implies that which o" the "ollowin! is true o" the historians discussed in the passa!eA -A. They ar!ue that nineteenth-century "eminism was not as si!ni"icant a social "orce as twentiethcentury "eminism has been. -B. They rely too !reatly on the perceptions o" the actual participants in the events they study. -C. Their assessment o" the relative success o" nineteenth-century domestic "eminism does not adequately take into account the e""ects o" anti"eminist rhetoric. -D. Their assessment o" the si!ni"icance o" nineteenth-century su""ra!ism di""ers considerably "rom that o" nineteenth-century "eminists. - . They devote too much attention to nineteenth-century su""ra!ism at the e8pense o" more radical movements that emer!ed shortly a"ter the turn o" the century.

Questions $1- $/ are based on this passa e! An e8periment conducted aboard 'pace Hab in 173& was the "irst attempt to !row protein crystals in the low-!ravity environment o" space. That e8periment is still cited as evidence that !rowin! crystals in micro!ravity can increase crystal si%eK the authors reported that they !rew lyso%yme protein crystals 1,<<< times lar!er than crystals !rown in the same device on arth. 9n"ortunately, the authors did not point out that their crystals were no lar!er than the avera!e crystal !rown usin! other, more standard techniques in an arth laboratory. >o research has yet produced results that could $usti"y the enormous costs o" producin! crystals on a lar!e scale in space. To !et an unbiased view o" the use"ulness o" micro!ravity crystal !rowth, crystals !rown in space must be compared with the best crystals that have been !rown with standard techniques on arth. 5iven the !reat e8pense o" conductin! such e8periments with proper controls, and the limited promise o" e8periments per"ormed thus "ar, it is questionable whether "urther e8periments in this area should even be conducted. #1. Accordin! to the passa!e, which o" the "ollowin! is true about the 'pace Hab e8periment conducted in 173&A -A. 4t was the "irst e8periment to take place in the micro!ravity environment o" space. -B. 4t was the "irst e8periment in which researchers in space were able to !row lyso%yme protein crystals !reater in si%e than those !rown on arth. -C. 4ts results have been superseded by subsequent research in the "ield o" micro!ravity protein crystal !rowth. -D. 4ts results are still considered by some to be evidence "or the advanta!es o" micro!ravity protein crystal !rowth. - . 4ts results are considered by many to be invalid because nonstandard techniques were employed. ##. 4t can be in"erred "rom the passa!e that the author would "ind the 'pace Hab e8periment more impressive i" which o" the "ollowin! were trueA -A. The results o" the 'pace Hab e8periment could be replicated in producin! other kinds o" crystals in addition to lyso%yme protein. -B. The device used in the e8periment produced lar!er crystals on arth than it did in space. 17

-C. The si%e o" the crystals produced in the e8periment e8ceeded the si%e o" crystals !rown in arth laboratories usin! standard techniques. -D. The cost o" producin! the crystals in space e8ceeded that o" producin! them usin! standard laboratory techniques. - . The standard techniques used in arth laboratories were modi"ied in the 'pace Hab e8periment due to the e""ects o" micro!ravity. #&. Dhich o" the "ollowin! can be in"erred "rom the passa!e about the device used to !row crystals in the 'pace Hab e8perimentA -A. The device is more e8pensive to manu"acture than are the devices used in standard techniques in an arth laboratory. -B. The device has not been used to !row crystals in space since the 'pace Hab e8periment o" 173&. -C. Crystals !rown in the device on arth tend to be much smaller than crystals !rown in it in space. -D. Crystals !rown in the device in space have been e8ceeded in si%e by crystals !rown in subsequent e8periments in space usin! other devices. - . The e8periments in which the device was used were conducted with proper controls. #+. The passa!e su!!ests that the author would most probably a!ree with which o" the "ollowin! assessments o" the results o" the 'pace Hab e8perimentA -A. Althou!h the results o" the e8periment are impressive, the e8periment was too limited in scope to allow "or de"initive conclusions. -B. The results o" the e8periment are impressive on the sur"ace but the report is misleadin!. -C. The results o" the e8periment convincin!ly con"irm what researchers have lon! suspected. -D. Because o" desi!n "laws, the e8periment did not yield any results relevant to the issue under investi!ation. - . The results o" the e8periment are too contradictory to allow "or easy interpretation. Question $1 is based on this passa e! :aule ;arshallFs Brown 5irl, Brownstones -17,7. was a landmark in the depiction o" "emale characters in Black American literature. ;arshall avoided the oppressed and tra!ic heroine in con"lict with Dhite society that had been typical o" the protest novels o" early twentieth century. Hike her immediate predecessors, ?ora >eale 6urston and 5wendolyn Brooks, she "ocused her novel on an ordinary Black womanFs search "or identity within the conte8t o" a Black community. But ;arshall e8tended the analysis o" Black "emale characters be!un by 6urston and Brooks by depictin! her heroineFs development in terms o" the relationship between her Barbadian American parents, and by e8plorin! how male and "emale roles were de"ined by their immi!rant culture, which in turn was in"luenced by the materialism o" Dhite America. By placin! characters within a wider cultural conte8t, ;arshall attacked racial and se8ual stereotypes and paved the way "or e8plorations o" race, class, and !ender in the novels o" the 172<Fs. For the follo&in 7uestion, consider each of the choices separately and select all that apply #,. 4t can be in"erred that the author o" the passa!e would describe Brown 5irl, Brownstones as bein! -A. hi!hly in"luenced by novels written in the early twentieth century -B. important in the late 17,<Fs but dated today -C. an important in"luence on novels written in the172<Fs

This is the end of Practice Test /!

#<

Practice Test 1 For each of Questions 1-2, select ONE entry for each blank from the correspondin column of choices! 1. Dhen an oppressed !roup revolts a!ainst a society, one must look "or the underlyin! "orces that led to the !roup(s -------- that society. -A. acknowled!ment o" -B. predilection "or -C. conver!ence with -D. vi!ilance o" - . alienation "rom #. The title Ba!e o" a :rivile!ed Class seems --------, "or such a privile!ed !roup would seem on the sur"ace to have no reason sustained an!er with anyone. -A. incon!ruous -B. indecorous -C. elusive -D. torrid - . witty &. 'cientists are hard-line --------= only a"ter "ailin! to debunk a controversial theory do they accept the evidence. -A. lobbyists -B. sycophants -C. martinets -D. innovators - . cynics #1

+. This new !overnment is "aced not only with o""settin! its economy but also with implementin! new rural development pro!rams to -------- the "low o" "arm workers to the city. -A. sullyin! -B. harness -C. bolsterin! -D. calibratin! - . precipitatin! ,. A prudent, thri"ty >ew n!lander, DeDitt was naturally -i. -------- o" investin! money in $unk bonds, which he looked on as -ii. -------- ventures. "lank 8i9 evocative chary indicative "lank 8ii9 ethereal auspicious volatile

0. Ambrose Blerce(s bio!raphers a!ree that the Civil Dar was the central e8perience o" his li"e, the event to which he constantly returned and the -i. -------- that brou!ht some -ii. -------- to the hitherto random pattern o" his youth. "lank8i9 ordeal stratum de"icit "lank8ii9 diver!ence coherence seclusion

2. :eople who don(t out!row their colle!es o"ten don(t !row in other ways= there remained in /orster(s li"e and ima!ination a -i. -------- o" the under!raduate, clever but -ii. --------. "lank8i9 dia!nosis resort streak "lank8ii9 immature coherence seclusion

3. The value o" DavisF sociolo!ical research is -i. --------- by his unscrupulous tendency to use ;aterials -ii. -------- in order to substantiate his own claims, while -iii. -------- in"ormation that points to other possible conclusions. "lank8i9 e8acerbated reimbursed compromised "lank8ii9 uproariously arbitrarily initially "lank8iii9 !alvani%in! sequesterin! emphasi%in!

7. Dearin! the latest "ashions was e8clusively the -i. ------- o" the wealthy until the 13,<Fs, when mass production, a!!ressive -ii. --------, and the availability o" the sewin! machine made them -iii. ------- the middle class. "lank8i9 "lank8ii9 ## "lank8iii9

prero!ative proli8ity paro8ysm

entrepreneurs pedants nonentities

lucrative "or super"luous "or accessible to

1<. -i. -------- @ames Baldwin, who wrote o" black Americans as bein! in a perpetual state o" -ii. --------, ;r. Cater asserts that "ew human bein!s could -iii. -------- the psychic toll o" uninterrupted an!er. "lank8i9 Annotatin! Challen!in! Nuotin! "lank8ii9 temerity schism ra!e "lank8iii9 survive de"ray "lee

For each of Questions 9- 1#, select the T%O ans&er choices that &hen used to complete the sentence blank, fit the meanin of the sentence as a &hole and produce completed sentences that are alike in meanin ! 11. The in"luence o" the Titnaeus amon! early philosophical thinkers was -------, i" only because it was the sole dialo!ue available in urope "or almost 1,<<< years. -A. estimable -B. "ormidable -C. pervasive -D. ubiquitous - . rapacious -/. edacious 1#. 4t is a !reat advanta!e to be able to trans"er use"ul !enes with as little e8tra !ene material as possible, because the donor(s !enome may contain, in addition to desirable !enes, many !enes with -------e""ects. -A. reciprocal -B. pernicious -C. anta!onistic -D. inviolable - . deleterious -/. uncanny 1&. Dritten in an amiable style, the book provides a comprehensive overview o" uropean poetry that should prove en!a!in! to both the virtual --------- and the e8perienced connoisseur. -A. neophyte -B. impersonator -C. novice -D. stowaway - . impressionist -/. bene"actor For each of Questions 1/-$1 select one ans&er choice unless other&ise directed! Question 1/ is based on this passa e! ducational television is a contradiction in terms. Dhile a classroom encoura!es social interaction, television encoura!es solitude. 'chool is centered on the development o" lan!ua!e, but television depends upon constantly chan!in! visual ima!es. And in a classroom, "un is merely a means to an end, but on television it is the end in itsel". 1/! :pon &hich one of the follo&in assumptions does the author rely in the passa e. #&

-A. The classroom should not be a place where anyone has "un. -B. 1nly e8periences that closely resemble what takes place in the school environment can be educational. -C. Television pro!rams rein"orce some o" the values o" the school environment. -D. ducational television pro!rams are better than most other television pro!rams. - . The potential o" television as a power"ul learnin! tool has not yet been reali%ed.

Question 11 is based on this passa e! AdvertisementK ;ost power hed!e trimmers on the market do an adequate $ob o" trimmin! hed!es. But many power hed!e trimmers are dan!erous to operate and can cause serious in$ury when used by untrained operators. Bolter 4ndustries( hed!e trimmer has been tested by >ational Haboratories, the most trusted name in sa"ety testin!. 'o you know, i" you buy a Bolter(s, you are buyin! a power hed!e trimmer whose sa"ety is assured. 1,. The answer to which one o" the "ollowin! questions would be most use"ul in evaluatin! the truth o" the conclusion drawn in the advertisementA -A. 6as >ational Haboratories per"ormed sa"ety tests on other machines made by Bolter 4ndustriesA -B. 6ow important to the avera!e buyer o" a power hed!e trimmer is sa"ety o" operationA -C. Dhat were the results o" >ational Haboratories( tests o" Bolter 4ndustries( hed!e trimmerA -D. Are there sa"er ways o" trimmin! a hed!e than usin! a power hed!e trimmerA - . Does any other power hed!e trimmer on the market do a better $ob o" trimmin! hed!es than does Bolter 4ndustries hed!e trimmerA

Question 13 is based on this passa e! The "ire that destroyed the ;unicipal Buildin! started be"ore dawn this mornin!, and the last "ire "i!hters did not leave until late this a"ternoon. >o one could have been anywhere in the vicinity o" a "ire like that one and "ail to notice it. Thomas must have seen it, whatever he now says to the contrary. 6e admits that, as usual, he went "rom his apartment to the library this mornin!, and there is no way "or him to !et "rom his apartment to the library without !oin! past the ;unicipal Buildin!. 10. The main conclusion o" the ar!ument is that -A. Thomas was in the vicinity o" the "ire this mornin! -B. Thomas claimed not to have seen the "ire -C. Thomas saw the "ire this mornin! -D. Thomas went directly "rom his apartment to the library this mornin! - . Thomas went by the ;unicipal Buildin! this mornin! Questions 16- $, are based on this passa e! The determination o" the sources o" copper ore used in the manu"acture o" copper and bron%e arti"acts o" Bron%e A!e civili%ations would add !reatly to our knowled!e o" cultural contacts and trade in that era. Besearchers have analy%ed arti"acts and ores "or their concentrations o" elements, but "or a variety o" reasons, these studies have !enerally "ailed to provide evidence o" the sources o" the copper used in the ob$ects. lemental composition can vary within the same copper-ore lode, usually because o" varyin! admi8tures o" other elements, especially iron, lead, %inc, and arsenic. And hi!h concentrations o" cobalt or %inc, noticed in some arti"acts, appear in a variety o" copper-ore sources. ;oreover, the processin! o" ores introduced poorly controlled chan!es in the concentrations o" minor and trace elements in the resultin! metal. 'ome elements evaporate durin! smeltin! and roastin!= di""erent temperatures and processes produce di""erent de!rees o" loss. /inally, "lu8, which is sometimes added durin! smeltin! to remove waste material "rom the ore, could add quantities o" elements to the "inal product. An elemental property that is unchan!ed throu!h these chemical processes is the isotopic composition o" each metallic element in the ore. 4sotopic composition, the percenta!es o" the di""erent isotopes o" an element in a !iven sample o" the element, is there"ore particularly suitable as an indicator o" the sources o" #+

the ore. 1" course, "or this purpose it is necessary to "ind an element whose isotopic composition is more or less constant throu!hout a !iven ore body, but varies "rom one copper ore body to another or, at least, "rom one !eo!raphic re!ion to another. The ideal choice, when isotopic composition is used to investi!ate the source o" copper ore, would seem to be copper itsel". 4t has been shown that small but measurable variations occur naturally in the isotopic composition o" copper. 6owever, the variations are lar!e enou!h only in rare ores= between samples o" the common ore minerals o" copper, isotopic variations !reater than the measurement error have not been "ound. An alternative choice is lead, which occurs in most copper and bron%e arti"acts o" the Bron%e A!e in amounts consistent with the lead bein! derived "rom the copper ores and possibly "rom the "lu8es. The isotopic composition o" lead o"ten varies "rom one source o" common copper ore to another, with variations e8ceedin! the measurement error= and preliminary studies indicate virtually uni"orm isotopic composition o" the lead "rom a sin!le copper-ore source. Dhile some o" the lead "ound in an arti"act may have been introduced "rom "lu8 or when other metals were added to the copper ore, lead so added in Bron%e A!e processin! would usually have the same isotopic composition as the lead in the copper ore. Head isotope studies may thus prove use"ul "or interpretin! the archaeolo!ical record o" the Bron%e A!e. 12. The primary purpose o" the passa!e is to -A. discuss the techniques o" analy%in! lead isotope composition -B. propose a way to determine the ori!in o" the copper in certain arti"acts -C. resolve a dispute concernin! the analysis o" copper ore -D. describe the de"iciencies o" a currently used method o" chemical analysis o" certain metals - . o""er an interpretation o" the archaeolo!ical record o" the Bron%e A!e

13. The author "irst mentions the addition o" "lu8 durin! smeltin! -lines 13-#1. in order to -A. !ive a reason "or the "ailure o" elemental composition studies to determine ore sources -B. illustrate di""erences between various Bron%e A!e civili%ations -C. show the need "or usin! hi!h smeltin! temperatures -D. illustrate the uni"ormity o" lead isotope composition - . e8plain the success o" copper isotope composition analysis 17. The author su!!ests which o" the "ollowin! about a Bron%e A!e arti"act containin! hi!h concentrations o" cobalt or %incA -A. 4t could not be reliably tested "or its elemental composition. -B. 4t could not be reliably tested "or its copper isotope composition. -C. 4t could not be reliably tested "or its lead isotope composition. -D. 4t could have been manu"actured "rom ore "rom any one o" a variety o" sources. - . 4t could have been produced by the addition o" other metals durin! the processin! o" the copper ore. For the follo&in 7uestion, consider each of the choices separately and select all that apply #<. Accordin! to the passa!e, possible sources o" the lead "ound in a copper or bron%e arti"act include which o" the "ollowin!A -A. The copper ore used to manu"acture the arti"act -B. /lu8 added durin! processin! o" the copper ore -C. 1ther metal added durin! processin! o" the copper ore #1. The author re$ects copper as the )ideal choice* mentioned in line && because -A. the concentration o" copper in Bron%e A!e arti"acts varies -B. elements other than copper may be introduced durin! smeltin! #,

-C. the isotopic composition o" copper chan!es durin! smeltin! -D. amon! common copper ores, di""erences in copper isotope composition are too small - . within a sin!le source o" copper ore, copper isotope composition can vary substantially ##. The author makes which o" the "ollowin! statements about lead isotope compositionA -A. 4t o"ten varies "rom one copper-ore source to another. -B. 4t sometimes varies over short distances in a sin!le copper-ore source. -C. 4t can vary durin! the testin! o" arti"acts, producin! a measurement error. -D. 4t "requently chan!es durin! smeltin! and roastin!. - . 4t may chan!e when arti"acts are buried "or thousands o" years. #&. 4t can be in"erred "rom the passa!e that the use o" "lu8 in processin! copper ore can alter the lead isotope composition o" the resultin! metal OC :T when -A. there is a smaller concentration o" lead in the "lu8 than in the copper ore -B. the concentration o" lead in the "lu8 is equivalent to that o" the lead in the ore -C. some o" the lead in the "lu8 evaporates durin! processin! -D. any lead in the "lu8 has the same isotopic composition as the lead in the ore - . other metals are added durin! processin!

Questions $/- $1 are based on this passa e! ?ooplankton, tiny animals adapted to an e8istence in the ocean, have evolved clever mechanisms "or obtainin! their "ood, miniscule phytoplankton -plant plankton.. A very speciali%ed "eedin! adaptation in %ooplankton is that o" the tadpolelike appendicularian who lives in a walnut-si%ed -or smaller. balloon o" mucus equipped with "ilters that capture and concentrate phytoplankton. The balloon, a transparent structure that varies in desi!n accordin! to the type o" appendicularian in habitin! it, also protects the animal and helps to keep it a"loat. Dater containin! phytoplankton is pumped by the appendicularian(s muscular tail into the balloon(s incurrent "ilters, passes throu!h the "eedin! "ilter where the appendicularian sucks the "ood into its mouth, and then !oes throu!h an e8it passa!e. /ound in all the oceans o" the world, includin! the Arctic 1cean, appendicularians tend to remain near the water(s sur"ace where the density o" phytoplankton is !reatest. #+. 4t can be in"erred "rom the passa!e that which o" the "ollowin! is true o" appendiculariansA -A. They are e8clusively carnivorous. -B. They have more than one method o" obtainin! "ood. -C. They can tolerate "ri!id water. -D. They can dis!uise themselves by secretin! mucus. - . They are more sensitive to li!ht than are other %ooplankton. For the follo&in 7uestion, consider each of the choices separately and select all that apply #,. Accordin! to the passa!e, which o" the "ollowin! isPare descriptive o" appendiculariansA -A. Tailed -B. Le!etarian -C. 'in!le-celled

This is the end of Practice Test 1! #0

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