ESAB R&M Handbook Bulg Final

ESAB 1904-2004
A CENTURY OF INNOVATION IN
WELDING & CUTTING
ESAB Office Bulgaria
Mladost 1, Bl.13-a, Entr.4, Ap.40
BG-1750 Sofia, Bulgaria
Phone: +359 2 9744288
Fax: +359 2 9744288
E-mail: esab@netbg.com
Web: www.esab.bg
Hap+uuux no sanapnnaue
npu peuou1 u n+sc1auonnnaue
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Rpeeop of aurnucku esuk: Baneufuu Aurenoe, EWE
kop: XA00868BG
Phone: +359 2 9744288, Fax: +359 2 9744288
Web: www.esab.bg
auuufe e fosu kafanor uuaf uuqopuauuoueu xapakfep.
ESAB cu sanasea npaeofo ua fexuuecku usueueuun ua npopykfufe.
Yn+1naue sa usop u npunoxeuue ua
poan+uuu1e sanap+uuu ua1epuanu
ESAB npu peuou1 u n+sc1auonnnaue
C+p+pxauue
Cfpauuua
C+p+pxauue .............................................................................................................7
Hpepronop .................................................................................................................9
C+kpameuun .........................................................................................................10
Hpounaue, pnsaue, p+naeue u pyeue ...........................................................11
Hoprpnnaue u 1eunepa1ypa npu usn+nueuue ua uexpuuuu1e cnoene ........12
Kou1pon ua cuecnaue1o ua ocuonuun u poan+uuun ua1epuan ..................14
Hsnonsnaue ua yqepuu u usrpaxpamu cnoene ..............................................16
3anapnnaue
yryu .........................................................................................................................19
"fpypuu sa saeapneaue cfouauu ...........................................................................23
pasuopopuu uefanu .................................................................................................28
uaurauoeu cfouauu .................................................................................................32
uucfpyueufanuu cfouauu u cfouauu sa eucokofeunepafypuu npunoeuun ......36
Hanapnnaue ............................................................................................................40
eupoee uafoeapeaue ...............................................................................................40
ocuoeuu uafepuanu ................................................................................................43
saeapLuu npouecu .................................................................................................44
funoee uafepuanu sa uaeapneaue .........................................................................45
ynLfeaue kLu knacuqukauunfa ua poaeLuufe uafepuanu
sa uaeapneaue cLrnacuo DlN 8555 .........................................................................46
uafepuanu sa uaeapneaue ......................................................................................47
ynLfeaue sa usop ua poaeLeu uafepuan..........................................................48
Hpuuepu sa npunoxeuue ua poan+uuu1e ua1epuanu u unmc1pauuu ........51
Tanuuu c pauuu sa poan+uuu1e ua1epuanu ...............................................101
yryu........................................................................................................................102
yqepuu cnoeee u usrpapau cnoeee
"fpypuu sa saeapneaue cfouauu
pasuopopuu uefanu................................................................................................103
uaurauoeu cfouauu ...............................................................................................105
uucfpyueufanuu cfouauu u cfouauu sa eucokofeunepafypuu
npunoeuun ...........................................................................................................107
uaeapneaue u usrpapaue ....................................................................................110
ueefuu uefanu .......................................................................................................117
Cpanueuue ua ckanu1e sa 1n+ppoc1 .................................................................120
Hacoku sa onpepennue nupa ua ocuonuun1 ue1an.........................................122
Asyueu ykasa1en ua npunoxeuun1a ua poan+uuu1e ua1epuanu ............124
Ykasa1en ua poan+uuu1e ua1epuanu .............................................................127
7
Hpepronop
9
Bceku peu saeapuuufe no uenun cenf cpeaf uuuuuanufe OK eLpxy saeapLuu-
fe uafepuanu u uauuuu, koufo usnonseaf. OK ca uuuuuanufe ua Ockap Kunepr,
ocuoeafenn ua ESAB. Ockap Kunepr npLe ofkpuea uoea fexuuka sa saeapneaue
u n paseuea nop qopuafa ua ouasauufe enekfpopu. Tesu usopefeuun ca
uanpaeeuu of ESAB.
Ockap Kunepr e saeLpuun uueuepcfeo u e paofun ua unkonko ueepcku
napaxopa. Rpes fosu nepuop, e kpan ua 90fe ropuuu ua 19fu eek fo ce cnLckea
c nponeu, sa kofo no ouoea epeue unua peueuue. Hufoeufe epLsku ua napuufe
kofnu ecfo usnyckaf. Rpaeeuu ca onufu epLskufe pa ce ynnLfunf c nupouu,
cuakauu eLe qopuafa ua uanku knuuoee. Hsnonseano ce e npocfo enekfpo-
saeapneaue, uo pesynfafufe of peuoufufe useLpueuu pes saeapneaue, koufo
Ockap Kunepr eupa ca nouu, c nykuafuuu u nopu.
To pasupa, e uefopa uoe pa Lpe ycLeLpueucfeau u nonyaea nopkpenafa
ua eopeufe kopaocfpoufenuuuu. Ockap Kunepr cLspaea uanka ekcnepuueu-
fanua paofunuuua e npucfauuefo ua Fuofeopr.
MefopLf Lpso npepuseukea ronnu uufepec e kopaocfpoufenuuuufe e Fuofe-
opr. Cfauano e oeeupuo, e uua usknkufenuu npeuuyecfea npu saeapneauefo
u peuoufupauefo ua kopau. Of foraea fexuukafa sa useLpueaue ua peuoufu ce
paseuea u e ppyru ofpacnu.
uec ESAB uoe pa npepnou poaeLuu uafepuanu sa noeeefo uefopu ua
saeapneaue u eupoee uefanu; e fosu uapLuuk eue e uauepufe uafepuanufe sa
peuouf u eLscfauoeneaue, kakfo u acf of fexuufe npunoeuun.
Onucauufe npunoeuun ua eceku of poaeLuufe uafepuanu npepcfaenneaf
ou npenopLku u fpnea pa ce usnonseaf cauo kafo uacoka.
3a ponLnuufenua uuqopuauun uoe pa uanpaeufe cnpaeka e "ESAB Welding
Handbook, unu pa ce oLpuefe kLu ua-nuskun npepcfaeufen ua ESAB.
C+kpameuun
10
R
m
nkocf ua onLu
R
p0,2
rpauuua ua npoenaeaue
A ypLneuue npu ckLceaue
HRC feLppocf no Pokeen - C
HB feLppocf no Epuuen
HV feLppocf no Bukepc
a w es opaofka cnep saeapneaue
w h cnep uakneneaue npu paofa
SMAW pLuo enekfpopLroeo saeapneaue (PE3)
FCAW saeapneaue c fpLeu fen
GMAW saeapneaue e cpepa of saufeu ras (MHF/MAF)
SAW nopqnkcoeo saeapneaue
DC + nocfonueu fok opafua nonnpuocf
DC nocfonueu fok npaea nonnpuocf
AC npoueunue fok
OCV uanpeeuue ua npaseu xop
Cuunonu ua xuuuuecku eneueu1u
Al Anyuuuu
B Eop
C BLrnepop
Cr Xpou
Co Koanf
Cu Mep
Mn Maurau
Mo Monupeu
Nb Huou
Ni Huken
P 4ocqop
S Cnpa
Si Cunuuu
Sn Kana
Ti Tufau
W Bonqpau
V Bauapu
Hpounaue, pnsaue,
p+naeue u pyeue
11
Omu cnepeuun
OK 21.03 e enekfpop, cneuuanuo paspaofeu sa npoueaue, pnsaue u pyeue ua
koucfpykuuouuu, uepLpaeuu u uaurauoeu cfouauu, yryu, kakfo u ua ecuku uefanu
c usknkeuue ua ucfa uep.
Ouaskafa ua enekfpopa qopuupa cunua rasoea cfpyn, konfo usxeLpnn pasfoneuun
uafepuan. He e ueoxopuu crLcfeu eLspyx, ras unu cneuuanua pLkoxeafka usnonsea
ce cfaupapfuofo oopypeaue sa saeapneaue. Ronyeuufe kauanu ca c paeuouepuu
u rnapku cfeuu, faka e saeapneauefo uoe pa sanoue u es ponLnuufenua opaofka.
Rpu opaofka ua uepLpaeuu u uaurauoeu cfouauu ce usuckea neko uuupreneue.
3aenexka: Enekfpopa ue e npepuasuaeu sa enaraue kafo poaeLeu uafepuan.
Rpouseepa ce c puauefpu 4 3.25, 4.0 u 5.0 uunuuefpa.
Hpunoxeuue
OK 21.03 ce usnonsea, korafo ce uanara pyeue npepu saeapneaue e noneeu ycno-
eun u korafo ue e npakfuuo usnonseauefo ua anapafypa sa pyeue c eLrneuoeu
enekfpopu.
RpeeLsxopeu e sa noprofoeka npu peuoufu ua yryu, fL kafo uscyuaea u usrapn
npuuecufe u rpaqufa ua noeLpxuocffa u no fosu uauu uauannea pucka of noneneaue
ua nykuafuuu u nopu no epeue ua saeapneaue.
pyro nopxopno npunoeuue e pyeuefo ua uaurauoeu cfouauu.
Hpouepypa
Hsnonsea ce npepuuuo nocfonueu fok npu npaea nonnpuocf unu npoueunue fok.
Rocfonueu fok npu opafua nonnpuocf ce npenopLea npu npoueaue u pnsaue.
Lrafa ce sananea, kafo enekfpopa ce pLpu nepneupukynnpuo ua pefana, cnep
koefo enekfpopa fpnea pa Lpe uaknoueu u npupeueau e nopxopnafa nocoka, nop
LrLn 5-10 cnpnuo pefana. Enekfpopa ce pLpu e koufakf c pefana u ce peuu kafo
npu pnsaue c fpuou. Ako e ueoxopuua noronnua pLnouua, npouepypafa ce noefapn
po ueuofo pocfuraue.
Rpoueauefo ua ofeopu e uuoro necuo. EnekfpopLf ce pLpu eepfukanuo, sananea
ce pLrafa u enekfpopa ce uafucka uapony pokafo npeuuue npes uafepuana. 3a pasu-
upneaue ua ofeopa ce npaenf peeu peueuun c enekfpopa.
Hoprpnnaue u 1eunepa1ypa npu
usn+nueuue ua uexpuuuu1e
cnoene
Roprpneauefo, kakfo u feunepafypafa npu usnLnueuue ua uepuuuufe cnoeee
ca uuoro eauu sa npepnaseaue ua uefana ua ueeoeefe of nykuafuuu.
Hoprpnnaue1o uauannna:
pucka of eopopopuu nykuafuuu
uanpeeuunfa of ceueaue
feLppocffa e souafa ua fepuuuo enunuue (3TB)
Heoxopuuoc11a o1 npepnapu1enuo noprpnnaue ce ynenuuana n sanucuuoc1
o1 cnepuu1e qak1opu:
cLpLpauue ua eLrnepop e ocuoeuun uafepuan
cLpLpauue ua nerupau eneueufu e ocuoeuun uafepuan
pasuep ua pefana
nLpeouaanua feunepafypa ua pefana
ckopocf ua saeapneaue
puauefLp ua saeapLuun enekfpop
Kak pa onpepenuu 1eunepa1ypa1a ua noprpnnaue
3a pa ce onpepenu npaeunuafa feunepafypa ua noprpneaue, fpnea pa Lpe
useecfeu xuuueckun cLcfae ua ocuoeuun uafepuan, fL kafo feunepafypafa ua
noprpneaue saeucu of pea ocuoeuu qakfopa:
cLpLpauuefo ua eLrnepop e ocuoeuun uafepuan
cLpLpauuefo ua nerupau eneueufu e ocuoeuun uafepuan
Ro npuuuun, konkofo no-ronnuo e cLpLpauuefo ua eLrnepop e ocuoeuun
uafepuan, fonkoea no-eucoka fpnea pa Lpe feunepafypafa ua noprpneaue. Toea
e e cuna u sa cLpLpauuefo ua nerupau eneueufu, uo e no-uanka cfeneu.
Epuu of uauuufe pa ce onpepenu feunepafypafa ua noprpneaue e pa ce usucnu
eLrnepopuun ekeueaneuf, Ceq, ua asa xuuueckun cLcfae ua ocuoeuun uafepuan:
C
eq
= %C + %Mn/6 + (%Cr + %Mo + %V)/5 + (%Ni + %Cu)/15
Konkofo no-eucok e eLrnepopuun ekeueaneuf, fonkoea no-eucoka e ueoxopuuafa
feunepafypa ua noprpneaue.
pyr ocuoeeu qakfop sa onpepennue ua feunepafypafa ua noprpneaue e pe-
enuuafa u pasuepa ua pefana. Teunepafypafa ua noprpneaue ce yeenuaea npu
no-ronnua peenuua u pasuepu ua pefana.
Korafo ce onpepenu feunepafypafa ua noprpneaue, of ronnuo suaeuue e fn pa
Lpe pocfuruafa u noppLpaua no epeue ua saeapneauefo.
Ro epeue ua noprpneauefo e eauo epeuefo ua pasnpocfpaueuue ua fonnuuafa,
sa pa uoe uenun pefan pa Lpe uarpnf po epua u cLa feunepafypa. Oukuoeeuo
saeapeuufe pefanu, koufo ca unu noprpneauu fpnea pa ce oxnapnf aeuo.
B fanuuafa ca nokasauu feunepafypufe ua noprpneaue sa unkou uafepuanu.
12
Hoprpnnaue u 1eunepa1ypa npu
usn+nueuue ua uexpuuuu1e
cnoene
Hpenop+uu1enuu 1eunepa1ypu ua noprpnnaue
Ocuoneu eenuua C1ouaua Hucko Huc1py- Xpouona Xpouona He- Maurauona
ua1epuan
ua nerupaua ueu1anua c1ouaua c1ouaua p+xpaeua. c1ouaua
nauapu- C
eq
<0.3 C
eq
0.3-0.6 C
eq
0.6-0.8 5-12% Cr >12% Cr 18/8 Cr/Ni 14%Mn
oan+ueu ua1a < 180 HB 200-300 HB 300-400 HB 300-500 HB 200-300 HB ~200 HB 250-500 HB
ua1epuan
mm C C C C C C C
Nuzkoleg. ocel 20 100 150 150 100
200300 HB >20 60 150 200 250 200
>60 100 180 250 300 200
Nstroj. ocel 20 100 180 200 100
300450 HB >20 60 125 250 250 200 o
>60 125 180 300 350 250 o
12% Cr ocel 20 150 200 200 150 x
300500 HB >20 60 100 200 275 300 200 150 x
>60 200 250 350 375 250 200 x
Nerez. ocel 20
18/8 25/12 >20 60 100 125 150 200
200 HB >60 150 200 250 200 100
Mn ocel 20 x x
200 HB >20 60 100 x x
>60 100 x x
Co-slitina 20 100 200 250 200 200 100 x
typ 6 40 HRC >20 60 300 400 450 400 350 400 x
>60 400 400 500 500 400 400 x
Karbid. typ (1) 20 o o o o o o
55 HRC >20 60 100 200 200 200 o o
>60 o 200 250 200 200 o o
(1) Makcuuyu pea cnon uaeapeu uefan. Oceoopaeao uanpeeuunfa uanykeaue e uopuanuo.
- Ees noprpneaue unu noprpneaue nop 100C
x Hsnonsea ce uuoro pnpko unu ue ce usnonsea
o Roprpnea ce npu uaeapneaue ua roneuu nnou
3a pa ce npepofepafu cnykeauefo ce usnonsea yqepeu cno unu unae uepLpaeu
poaeLeu uafepuan
13
Kou1pon ua cuecnaue1o
ua ocuonuun u poan+uuun
ua1epuan
Rpu saeapneaue ueuseuo ce nonyaea cueceaue ua ocuoeuun u ua poaeL-
uun uefan.
3a nocfuraue ua onfuuanuu pesynfafu npu uaeapneaue ce uenu cueceauefo pa
Lpe uuuuuanuo.
Ro-uekufe uafepuanu sa uaeapneaue nokaseaf yeenueuue ua feLppocffa,
korafo ce cuecnf c no-eucoko nerupau ocuoeeu uefan. Toea ce pLnu ua npou-
ukeauefo ua eLrnepop u nerupau eneueufu of ocuoeuun uafepuan.
-ecfo ocuoeuun uafepuan e uenerupaua unu uuckonerupaua cfouaua u sa pocf-
uraue ua ueoxopuuafa feLppocf ce uanara uauacnue ua unkonko cnon. Ouku-
oeeuo pea unu fpu cnon ca pocfafLuu.
TL kafo cfeneufa ua cueceaue saeucu of npouepypafa ua saeapneaue, fn
fpnea pa Lpe usnLnueua faka, e pa ce nonyu uuuuuanuo cueceaue.
Oak1opu, kou1o okasna1 nnunuue n+pxy cuecnaue1o:
Ckopoc1 ua sanapnnaue Hucka ckopocf cunuo cueceaue
Bucoka ckopocf cnao cueceaue
Honnpuoc1 ua 1oka Rocfonueu fok, npaea nonnpuocf
cnao cueceaue
Rpoueunue fok cpepuo cueceaue
Rocfonueu fok, opafua nonnpuocf
cunuo cueceaue
Konuuec1no 1onnuua Manko cnao cueceaue
Fonnuo cunuo cueceaue
Texuuka ua sanapnnaue Ees eLnuoopasuu peueuun
cnao cueceaue
C peueuun cunuo cueceaue
Honoxeuue ua sanapnnaue Bepfukanuo uarope cunuo cueceaue
Xopusoufanuo, eepfukanuo uapony
cnao cueceaue
Bpo cnoene C eceku cnepea cno cueceauefo uauannea
Tun ua uanapeuun ue1an Ro-eucoko nerupau uaeapeu uefan no-cnao
yecfeufeneu kLu cueceaue c ocuoeuun
uafepuan
Hsnas ua enek1popuun1en Fonnu usnas ua fena no-cnao cueceaue
14
Mukpoc1pyk1ypa ua uanapeu
ue1an
Mukpocfpykfypa ua uaeapeu uefan: OK 84.78, xpouoeu kapupu
15
Hsnonsnaue ua yqepuu
u usrpaxpamu cnoene
Byqepuu cnoene
Eyqepuufe cnoeee ce uauacnf uepy ocuoeuun uafepuan u uefana c kofo ecL-
uocf ce uaeapnea, c uen:
ocurypneaue ua popa epLska c ocuoeuun uafepuan
usnreaue ua pLnaufe ce ua eopopop nykuafuuu uenocpepcfeeuo nop ueea,
popu npu noprpnfu pefanu
uauanneaue ua nocnepcfeunfa of eLsuukuanufe uanpeeuun
uauanneaue ua eqekfa of cueceauefo ua ocuoeuun c poaeLuun uafepuan
usnreaue ua cnykeauefo e cnepeaufe no-feLppu cnoeee
usnreaue ua npouukeauefo ua nykuafuuu of uaeapeuun cno e pLnouua e ocu-
oeuun uafepuan
Rpu uaeapneauefo e uupoko pasnpocfpaueuo usnonseauefo ua nnacfuuu y-
qepuu cnoeee of aycfeuufeu uafepuan. HsopLf ua uafepuan sa yqepuun cno
saeucu of funa ua ocuoeuun uafepuan u funa uaeapneaue (eu fanuuafa).
oan+uuu ua1epuanu sa yqepuu cnoene
Ocuoneu Hpunoxeuue Ouasauu Tp+eu,
ua1epuan enek1popu nn+1eu 1en
14% Mn c1ouaua Hsuoceuu noeLpxuocfu OK 67.45 OK Tubrodur 14.71
Peuouf ua nykuafuuu OK 68.82 OK Autrod 16.75
Hucko nerupauu 1 cno uaeapneaue, es Ees yqepeu cno
ypapuo uafoeapeaue
2 cnon uaeapneaue, OK 67.45 OK Tubrodur 14.71
c ypapuo uafoeapeaue
2 cnon Co unu Ni cnnae OK 67.45 unu OK Tubrodur 14.71 unu
OK 68.82 OK Autrod 16.75
3akanneuu 1 cno uaeapneaue, es Ees yqepeu cno
c1ouauu ypapuo uafoeapeaue
2 cnon uaeapneaue, OK 67.45 OK Tubrodur 14.71
c ypapuo uafoeapeaue
2 cnon Co unu Ni cnnae OK 67.45 unu OK Tubrodur 14.71 unu
5-12%Cr c1ouauu uupoku noeLpxuocfuu OK 67.45 OK Tubrodur 14.71
cnoeee Co unu Ni cnnae
2-17%Cr c1ouauu cLofeefcfeaa cnnae Roprpneaue eu fanuua 7 ua cfp.108.
sa uaeapneaue Ees yqepeu cno
12 cnon uaeapneaue OK 67.45 unu OK Tubrodur 14.71 unu
c feLppa cnnae OK 68.82 OK Autrod 16.75
Hyryu Haeapneaue c feLppa OK 92.60 OK Tubrodur 15.66
cnnae
3a ponLnuufenua uuqopuauun eu fanuuafa ua cfp. 104
16
u usrpaxpamu cnoene
Korafo eLpxy uek uafepuan, kafo uanpuuep cfpoufenua cfouaua, ce uaeapu cno
of feLpp uafepuan, npu ycnoeun ua eucoko uafoeapeaue ce nonenea feupeuuun kLu
nofLeaue ua uaeapeuun cno (4ur.A). B pesynfaf ua foea uaeapeuunf uafepuan
uoe pa ce uanyka u ofynu. 3a pa ce npepofepafu foea e ueoxopuuo npepu
uaeapneauefo c feLppa cnnae pa ce uauece cno of unae u nk uafepuan (4ur. B).
OK 83.28 u OK Tubrodur 15.40 ca nopxopnu kafo usrpapa/yqepeu uafepuan.
B saeucuuocf of funa ua ocuoeuun uafepuan e eLsuouo pa ce npenopLa u ppyr
fun yqepeu cno.
Korafo ce uaeapnea c kpexku cnnaeu, kafo fesu cLpLpau xpouoeu kapupu unu
cnnaeu ua koanfoea ocuoea, ce npenopLea nLpeo pa ce uauecaf epuu pea cnon of
aycfeuufeu uafepuan. Toea npepuseukea uanpeeuun ua ceueaue e cnepeaufe
cnoeee u no fosu uauu uauannea pucka of nykuafuuu e feLppun uaeapeu uefan.
-ecfo e feLppufe uaeapeuu cnoeee uua nykuafuuu, nonyeuu npu oceoopaeaue
ua uanpeeuunfa. Te ua-ecfo ue ca epepuu sa uaeapneauefo, uo cLecfeyea
onacuocf npu cuneu ypap unu orLeaue nykuafuuufe pa ce pasnpocfpaunf e
pLnouua ua ocuoeuun uafepuan (4ur.C). Tasu feupeuuun e ua-cunuo uspaseua e
cnyaufe, korafo ocuoeuun uafepuan e cfouaua c eucoka nkocf. Hsnonseauefo ua
unae u nk yqepeu cno npepofepafnea pasnpocfpaueuuefo ua nykuafuuufe
(4ur.D). Ropxopnu poaeLuu uafepuanu ca OK 67.45 unu OK Tubrodur 14.71 unu
OK Autrod 16.75 (4ur.B).
17
uaeapneaue
yqepeu
cno
4urypa A 4urypa B
4urypa C 4urypa D
u usrpaxpamu cnoene
Hsrpaxpamu cnoene
Ako pefana e cunuo usuoceu, npepu uaeapneauefo ua noeLpxuocffa uy c feLppa
cnnae e ueoxopuuo eLscfauoeneaue ua nLpeouaanuafa uy qopua c uafepuan of
cLun fun kafo ocuoeuun uafepuan. pyra eLsuouocf e pa ce pepyeaf feLppu
u nnacfuuu cnoeee (eu qurypafa).
oan+uuu ua1epuanu sa usrpaxpaue
Tun cnnan Enek1popu MAF Hopqnmcono MHF/MAF
sa PE3 1p+eu 1en sanapnnaue nn+1eu 1en
Hucko eLrnepopua OK 83.28 OK Tubrodur 15.40 OK Tubrodur 15.40/ OK Autrod 13.89
/uucko nerupaua OK 83.29 OK Flux 10.71
Hsrpapaufe cnoeee uuaf popa ycfoueocf no ofuoueuue ua ypapuu
uafoeapeauun, uo ecfecfeeuo, yuepeua ycfoueocf ua apasueuu uafoeapeauun.
B saeucuuocf of funa ua ocuoeuun uafepuan uoraf pa Lpaf npenopLauu ppyru
uafepuanu sa usrpapau cnoeee.
Hpunoxeuun:
ykoee
fpouaku
arepuu sLu
uucfpyueufu sa c
fypeuo pnsaue
18
feLpp
nnacfueu
3anapnnaue ua uyryu
19
eurafeneu nok. Peuouf ua yryueua ofnueka c OK 92.18 u OK 92.60
3anapnnaue ua uyryu
Omu nonoxeuun
-yryuu ca ecuku cnnaeu ua ennsofo c eLrnepopuo cLpLpauue of 2 po 5%,
cLpLpauue ua cunuuu of 1 po 3% u po 1% uaurau.
-yryua uua uucka nnacfuuocf, uucka feLppocf u uucka nkocf u no npuuuun e uu-
oro kpexLk uafepuan. 3a nopopneaue ua fesu xapakfepucfuku yryua ecfo ce
nerupa unu fepuoopaofea.
Tunoeefe yryu, koufo ce usnonseaf ua-ecfo ca:
cue yryu
cqeporpaqufeu yryu
feunepoeau yryu
uopuquuupau yryu
nn yryu
Bucokofo eLrnepopuo cLpLpauue ce ofpasnea suaufenuo ua saeapneuocffa
ua yryua. B saeucuuocf of funa ua yryua cLofeefuo ce pasnuaea u ueroeafa
saeapneuocf. Bcuku uspoeuu no-rope yryuu ce saeapneaf ycneuuo, c usknkeu-
ue ua enun yryu, nopapu ueroeafa usknkufenua kpexkocf.
oan+uuu ua1epuanu sa sanapnnaue ua uyryu
Tun Enek1popu sa PE3 MHF - 1p+eu 1en Ar/2%O
2
-ucf uuken OK 92.18
Xennso-uuken OK 92.58
Xennso-uuken OK 92.60 OK Tubrodur 15.66
Huken-uep OK 92.78
Henerupaua cfouaua OK 91.58
Enek1popu o1 1un uuc1 uuken
Kafo npaeuno, yryua ce saeapnea c enekfpopu of ucf uuken. Hukena uua ceo-
cfeofo pa npueua suaufenuo konuecfeo eLrnepop es pa ce usueunf ceocfeafa
uy. Koequuueufufe ua feunepafypuofo pasuupeuue ua uukena u ua yryua ca
nopouu. HukenLf e no-nnacfueu of ocfauanufe uafepuanu sa saeapneaue ua y-
ryu u necuo ce noppaea ua uexauuua opaofka. To ce usnonsea sa sanLneaue ua
kyxuuu u ou nonpaeku, kLpefo e ueoxopuua feLppocf of okono 150 HB. He ce
npenopLea npu yryuu c eucoko cLpLpauue ua qocqop u cnpa.
oan+uuu ua1epuanu o1 1un xennso-uuken
3a noeuuaeaue ua nkocffa npu saeapneaue ua yryu u yryu kLu cfouaua ce
usnonseaf ennso-uukenoeu poaeLuu uafepuanu. B cpaeueuue c ucfun uuken,
feLppocffa ua ueea ce noeuuaea nopapu cLpLpauuefo ua qepuf e poaeLuun
uafepuan. Leeoeefe ca opaofeaeuu.
20
3anapnnaue ua uyryu
Xennso-uukenoeunf poaeLeu uafepuan e no ueyecfeufeneu of ucfo
uukenoeun fun kLu cueceaue c qocqop u cnpa.
Huken-uepeu 1un enek1popu
Korafo ce usuckea uaeapeuun uefan pa cLofeefcfea no uenf ua yryua ce
usnonseaf enekfpopu of funa uuken-uep. Leeoeefe ce opaofeaf necuo.
Enek1popu o1 uenerupaua c1ouaua
Tosu fun enekfpopu uoraf pa ce usnonseaf korafo paofafa ue e uuoro ofroeopua
u korafo ue ce usuckea nocnepeaa opaofka. 3a ponLnuufenua uuqopuauun eu
fanuuafa ua cfp. 102.
Hopro1onka ua mena npu uyryua
IrLna ua ckocneaue fpnea pa Lpe no-uupok, ofkonkofo npu cfpoufenuafa
cfouaua
Bcuku ocfpu pLoee fpnea pa Lpaf sakpLrneuu
3a npepnoufaue e U ckocneaue ua ueea
Rykuafuuufe fpnea pa Lpaf uanLnuo paskpufu sa ocurypneaue ua poLp pocfLn
Rpu peuouf ua nykuafuuu ce npouea no epuu uanLk ofeop e peafa kpan ua ny-
kuafuuafa (eu qurypafa).
TL kafo yryuLf uua nopecfa cfpykfypa, fo nornLa uacna u feuocfu, koufo
suaufenuo enouaeaf saeapneuocffa u npepu saeapneaue fpnea pa Lpaf
ofcfpaueuu. C uen usrapnuefo ua fesu feuocfu ce usuckea uarpneaue. B pocfa
cnyau oae foea ue e eLsuouo nopapu qopuafa ua pefana unu nopapu
orpauueuun ua epeuefo.
Epuu uauu sa saoukannue ua fosu nponeu e usnonseauefo ua enekfpopa sa
pyeue OK 21.03, cfp. 11. To e npeeLsxopeu sa noprofoeka ua peuoufu ua yryu, fL
kafo uscyuaea u usrapn rpaqufa u npuuecufe ua noeLpxuocffa u no fosu uauu
uauannea pucka of cnykeaue u opasyeaue ua nopu npu saeapneaue. Rpu
uopuanuofo uuupreneue npuuecufe ce sauaseaf e ckoceuafa acf u uoraf pa
npepuseukaf nponeuu npu saeapneauefo.
21
Rpouepypa npu peuouf
ua nykuafuua
npounaue ua uanku o1nopu n kpauma1a
nocoka ua sanapnnaue
nykua1uua
3anapnnaue ua uyryu
Rpu unkou ueeoee uoe pa Lpe nonesuo uauacnuefo ua yqepeu cno no
enofo ua noeLpxuocfufe sa saeapneaue. Toea osuaaea eLpxy epuafa unu peefe
noeLpxuocfu, npepu cLepuuneauefo uu pa Lpe uaueceu uepuueu cno.
Tasu fexuuka ce usnonsea sa usnreaue ua opasyeauefo ua kpexku qasu.
Hanpeeuunfa of ceueaue npu sacfueaue ua cnepeaufe ueeoee e ce noeuaf po
useecfua cfeneu of nnacfuuun uepuueu cno, euecfo of kpexkafa soua ua
fepuuuo enunuue e ocuoeuun uafepuan.
C1ypeuo sanapnnaue ua uyryu
Roeeefo of peuoufufe ua yryu ce useLpueaf pLuo enekfpopLroeo u uanocnep-
Lk ua-ecfo ce usnonsea fexuukafa ua cfypeuo saeapneaue, kafo oukuoeeuo ce
cnepea cnepuafa npouepypa:
3aeapnea ce c fecuu u kLcu ueeoee (20-30uu) es uanpeuu eLnuoopasuu
peueuun, e saeucuuocf of peenuuafa
3aeapnea ce c enekfpopu c uanLk puauefLp u c uanka cuna ua foka
Teunepafypafa npu usnLnueuue ua uepuuuufe cnoeee fpnea pa Lpe noppL-
paua uenpekLcuafo nop 100C.
Henocpepcfeeuo cnep saeapneauefo ce npokoeaea cLc sakpLrneu uucfpyueuf
22
Hauacnue ua uepuueu cno
4urypa 1
Muorocnouo saeapneaue cnep
uauacnue ua uepuueu cno
4urypa 2
3anapnnaue ua "1pypuu
sa sanapnnaue c1ouauu"
3Lua npepaeka. Hsrpapaue c OK 68.82
23
Muoro cfouauu e onacffa ua peuoufuufe u eLscfauoeufenuu paofu uoraf pa
ce pasrnepaf kafo fpypuu sa saeapneaue nopapu fnxuafa eucoka sakanneuocf.
Takuna c1ouauu ca:
cfouauu c eucoko eLrnepopuo cLpLpauue
eucokonkocfuu cfouauu
uucfpyueufanuu cfouauu
npyuuuu (pecopuu) cfouauu
fepuoopaofeuu cfouauu
usuocoycfoueu cfouauu
cfouauu c ueuseecfeu xuuuecku cLcfae
Cfouauufe c ueuseecfeu xuuuecku cLcfae fpnea pa ce pasrnepaf kafo
cfouauu c orpauueua saeapneuocf c uen pa ce userue eLsuouo ueycneuuo
saeapneaue.
Ro npuuuun ecuku fesu cfouauu uoraf pa Lpaf saeapneauu c poaeLuu
uafepuanu ua ennsua ocuoea cLc cLofeefcfea xuuuecku cLcfae, kafo ce
usnonsea noprpneaue u fepuoopaofka cnep saeapneauefo c uen usnreaue ua
eopopopuu nykuafuuu e souafa ua fepuuuo enunuue (3TB).
Korafo cfaea pyua sa peuoufu oae, noprpneaue u fepuoopaofka cnep
saeapneaue ecfo ue ca eLsuouu.
B fosu cnya ce cunfa, e epuu of ua-popufe uefopu e saeapneaue c ay-
cfeuufeu uepLpaeu poaeLeu uafepuan unu poaeLeu uafepuan ua uukenoea
ocuoea. Pucka of cnykeaue e uauaneu nopapu no-ronnuafa pasfeopuuocf ua
eopopopa u no-ronnuafa nnacfuuocf ua uaeapeuun uefan.
Ha-usnonsnauu 1unone:
Tun Enek1popu sa PE3 MHF/MAF nn+1eu/1p+eu 1en
29Cr 9Ni OK 68.81, OK 68.82 OK Autrod 16.75
18Cr 9Ni 6Mn OK 67.42, OK 67.45, OK 67.52 OK Tubrodur 14.71
OK Autrod 16.95
ua Ni ocuoea OK 92.26 OK Autrod 19.85
OK 68.81 / OK 68.82 / OK Autrod 16.75
Huaf ronnua cnocouocf sa cueceaue c ocuoeuun uafepuan u ce usnonseaf
korafo ce usuckea eucoka nkocf. 4epufuofo cLpLpauue ecfo e no-ronnuo of 40%,
koefo uoe pa poeepe po okpexkocfneaue npu paofa npu noeuueuu feunepafypu.
Tosu fun e ua-nopxopn sa saeapneaue ua uafepuanu c ueuseecfeu xuuuecku
cLcfae.
24
OK 67.42 / OK 67.45 / OK 67.52 / OK Tubrodur 14.71 / OK Autrod 16.95
aeaf uanLnuo aycfeuufeu uaeapeu uefan cLc cpaeuufenuo uucka nkocf, uo c
usknkufenuo eucoka usppLnueocf kLu cnykeaue npu sacfueaue. Tosu cpaeuu-
fenuo uek uefan uauannea uanpeeuunfa eLpxy eeeufyanuo noneunun ce uapfeu-
suf, kafo no fosu uauu uauannea pucka of eopopopuu nykuafuuu. Tosu fun po-
aeLeu uafepuan e no-poLp, korafo no-uuckafa nkocf e npueunuea.
OK 92.26 / OK Autrod 19.85
Hsnonseaf ce sa cLepuueuun c eucoka nkocf u sa paofa npu noeuueuu
feunepafypu (uap 200C), kafo ceLpseaue ua ycfoueu ua nLnseue Cr-Mo cfouauu
c uepLpaeuu cfouauu. Tosu fun poaeLuu uafepuanu ue ca yecfeufenuu kLu
okpexkocfneaue npu fepuoopaofka u no-uanko orpauuaeaf ceueauefo ua ueea,
nopapu fnxuofo eucoko ofuocufenuo ypLneuue. Tosu fun cLo e uuoro nopxopn
sa saeapneaue ua peenu uafepuanu (>25uu) npu uuorocnouo saeapneaue.
3a ponLnuufenua uuqopuauun eu fanuuafa ua cfp. 103 - 104.
Cnepeaufe qurypu nokaseaf unkou npunoeuun npu koufo OK 68.82 e
usnonseau ycneuuo.
25
Peuouf ua ofyneuo yxo ua cfouaueua ofnueka c OK 68.82
26
Peuouf ua usuoceu ean of uucko nerupaua cfouaua c OK 68.82
Peuouf ua uauuuuu pefanu c OK 68.82
27
Peuouf ua cyneuu sLu ua npepaeka c OK 68.82
Hseapaue ua ckLcau onf unu ununka c usnonseaue ua OK 68.82
3anapnnaue ua pasuopopuu
ue1anu
C+epuunnaue ua uep+xpaeua c uenerupaua unu uuckonerupaua
c1ouaua
CLepuuneauefo ua uepLpaeuu c C/Mn unu uuckonerupauu cfouauu es cLuu-
euue e ua-ecfo cpeauunf u ua-suauuunf eup saeapneaue ua pasuopopuu
uefanu. Ro cneuuanuo cLepuuneauefo ua uenerupauu unu uuckonerupauu cfouauu
c aycfeuufuu uepLpaeuu cfouauu (ecfo uapuauu qepufuo-aycfeuufuu cLepuu-
euun) npu pasknoueuun unu npexopu e pocfa ecfo cpeauo.
Oukuoeeuo saeapneauefo ua uepLpaeua cfouaua kLu uenerupaua unu
uuckonerupaua fpnea pa ce usnLnuu c no-eucoko nerupau uepLpaeu poaeLeu
uafepuan, f.e. no-eucoko nerupau of ocuoeuun uafepuan.
Moraf pa ce usnonseaf pea uefopa. Qnnafa saeapLua uepuua uoe pa ce
saeapu c no-eucoko nerupauun unu ua Ni-ocuoea poaeLeu uafepuan. Kafo
anfepuafuea, noeLpxuocffa sa saeapneaue of uenerupauun unu uuckonerupau
uafepuan uoe pa ce uaeapu c no-eucoko nerupauun uepLpaeu poaeLeu
uafepuan, cnep koefo uepuuafa pa ce sanLnuu c uafepuan, cLofeefcfea no
xuuuecku cLcfae ua uepLpaeuun ocuoeeu uafepuan.
Oukuoeeuo saeapneauefo uoe pa ce usnLnuu es noprpneaue. Bce nak fpnea
pa ce cnaseaf npepnucauunfa sa koukpefuun eup cfouaua.
3a poaeLuu uafepuanu sa cLepuuneaue ua pasuopopuu uefanu, eu fanuuafa
ua cfp. 103.
Ha-usnonsnauu 1unone ua1epuanu:
Tun Enek1popu sa PE3 MHF/MAF nn+1eu/1p+eu 1en
29Cr 9Ni OK 68.81, OK 68.82 OK Autrod 16.75
18Cr 9Ni 6Mn OK 67.42, OK 67.45, OK 67.52 OK Tubrodur 14.71
OK Autrod 16.95
ua Ni ocuoea OK 92.26 OK Autrod 19.85
OK 68.81 / OK 68.82 / OK Autrod 16.75
Huaf ronnua cnocouocf sa cueceaue c ocuoeuun uafepuan u ce usnonseaf
korafo ce usuckea eucoka nkocf. 4epufuofo cLpLpauue ecfo e no-ronnuo of 40%,
koefo uoe pa poeepe po okpexkocfneaue npu paofa npu noeuueuu feunepafypu.
Tosu fun poaeLeu uafepuan e ua-nopxopn sa saeapneaue ua uafepuanu c
ueuseecfeu xuuuecku cLcfae.
28
ue1anu
OK 67.42 / OK 67.45 / OK 67.52 / OK Tubrodur 14.71 / OK Autrod 16.95
aeaf uanLnuo aycfeuufeu uaeapeu uefan cLc cpaeuufenuo uucka nkocf uo c
usknkufenuo eucoka usppLnueocf kLu cnykeaue npu sacfueaue. Tosu cpaeuu-
fenuo uek uefan uauannea uanpeeuunfa eLpxy eeeufyanuo noneunun ce uapfeu-
suf kafo no fosu uauu uauannea pucka of eopopopuu nykuafuuu. Tosu fun po-
aeLeu uafepuan e no-poLp, korafo no-uuckafa nkocf e npueunuea.
OK 92.26 / OK Autrod 19.85
Hsnonseaf ce sa cLepuueuun c eucoka nkocf u sa paofa npu noeuueuu
feunepafypu (uap 200C), kafo ceLpseaue ua ycfoueu ua nLnseue Cr-Mo cfouauu
c uepLpaeuu cfouauu. Tosu fun poaeLuu uafepuanu ue ca yecfeufenuu kLu
okpexkocfneaue npu fepuoopaofka u no-uanko orpauuaeaf ceueauefo ua ueea,
nopapu fnxuofo eucoko ofuocufenuo ypLneuue. Tosu fun cLo e uuoro nopxopn
sa saeapneaue ua peenu uafepuanu (>25uu) npu uuorocnouo saeapneaue.
C+epuunnaue ua uep u uepuu cnnanu c kouc1pykuuouuu unu
uep+xpaeuu c1ouauu
Rpu cLepuuneauefo ua uepuu cnnaeu c koucfpykuuouuu unu uepLpaeuu
cfouauu, fpnea pa ce usnonsea fexuukafa ua uauacnue ua yqepeu cno. Bfeu-
euafa uep u e no-uucka cfeneu pousa uurpupaf e souafa ua fepuuuo enunuue ua
cfouauafa u ce pasnonaraf no rpauuuufe ua sLpuafa. Tasu qasa uua feunepafypa
ua foneue c unkonkocfofuu rpapyca no-uucka of feunepafypafa ua foneue ua
cfouauafa. Rpouukeauefo e Lpso u uoe pa Lpe ua pLnouuu noroneuu of 1uu.
Tosu qeuoueu ce nopnouara of onLuoeufe uanpeeuun, koufo euuaru ca ua nuue
npu saeapneauefo. To ce uankpaea cLo npu uukenoeufe cnnaeu, c usknkeuue
ua ucfun uuken u uukenoeo-uepuufe cnnaeu. Ropapu fasu npuuua, sa usnreaue
ua npouukeauefo ua uep e cfouauafa uoe pa ce usnonsea yqepeu cno of ucf
uuken unu uukenoeo-uepua cnnae.
Rpouukeauefo ua uep ue euuaru e epepuo. To e enau eqekf npu uuoro cnyau
ua uaeapneaue; ece nak fo fpnea pa ce usnrea e cnyaufe korafo ueea e
usnoeu ua eucoku uafoeapeauun unu ocoeuo ua eucoku feunepafypu, korafo
rpauuuufe ua sLpuafa e npepuseukaf okpexkocfneaue. B fesu cnyau fpnea pa
ce usnonsea yqepeu cno of ucf uuken unu uukenoeo-uepua cnnae.
Eyqepuufe cnoeee uoraf pa ce uauecaf ofkLu cfpauafa ua cfouauafa unu of
cfpauafa ua uepuafa cnnae. Of ronnuo suaeuue npu saeapneauefo ua y-
qepupauofo cLepuueuue e pa ce userue koufakfa uepy uefana ua ueea u
uefana nop yqepuun cno.
H e peafa cnyan fpnea pa ce usnonsea ucfo uukenoeun enekfpop OK 92.05. 3a
sanLneaue ua ueea ce usnonseaf cfouaueuu/uepLpaeuu enekfpopu unu pousoeu
enekfpopu, e saeucuuocf of foea of kon cfpaua e uaueceu yqepuun cno. 4ury-
pafa ua cnepeaafa cfpauuua nokasea kak uoe pa ce usnLnuu yqepuun cno.
29
ue1anu
Korafo yqepuunf cno ce uauacn of cfpauafa ua uepuafa cnnae, fpnea pa ce
usnonsea noprpneaue po 300-500C. TLukufe uafepuanu uoe pa Lpaf uarpeuu
cauo e uncfofo ua sanoeaue ua ueea.
Korafo yqepuunf cno e of cfpauafa kLpefo uafepuana ue e uepua cnnae,
feunepafypafa ua noprpneaue fpnea pa ce onpepenu e saeucuuocf of cLofeefuun
uafepuan.
Korafo ce saeapneaf cLepuueuun, yqepupauu of cfpauafa konfo ue e of uepua
cnnae, c enekfpop ua uepua ocuoea, uepuafa cfpaua fpnea pa Lpe noprpnfa po
feunepafypa 150-200C (Al pousu u Sn pousu) u cLofeefuo po feunepafypa
<100C npu Si pousufe.
CLepuueuun, yqepupauu ofkLu uepuafa cfpaua unua uypa pa Lpaf
noprpneauu of fasu cfpaua, fL kafo uukenoeun cno suaufenuo uauannea nornL-
auefo ua fonnuua npuuueuo of eucokafa feunepafypua npoeopuuocf ua uepfa.
3a poaeLuu uafepuanu sa saeapneaue ua ueefuu uefanu, eu fanuuafa ua
cfp.117 - 118.
30
cfouaueu enekfpop
yqepeu cno of
ucf uuken
pousoe enekfpop
uep cfouaua
uep cfouaua
ue1anu
31
Peuouf ua eLpxa ua sL of arepua koqa c OK 67.45 unu OK Tubrodur 14.71.
Muorokoqoea ppara. CLepuuneaue ua uoe pee pL c OK 68.82.
3anapnnaue ua uaurauonu
c1ouauu
Maurauoeafa cfouaua, uapuaua nounkora aycfeuufua uaurauoea cfouaua, 14%
uaurauoea cfouaua unu Xapqunpoea cfouaua, cLpLpa 11-14% uaurau u 1- 1.4%
eLrnepop. Hnkou funoee uoraf pa cLpLpaf u uesuaufenuu konuecfea ppyru
nerupau eneueufu. Tasu cfouaua uua usknkufenuafa cnocouocf pa ce
cauoynkaea npu paofa ua cfypeuo, uanpuuep npu ypapuo uafoeapeaue unu
eucoko noeLpxuocfuo uannraue. Toea npaeu fasu cfouaua upeanua sa cypoeufe y-
cnoeun ua paofa npu fpoueue u e uuuuofo peno, uanpuuep npu usuoceau ce
acfu ua ykoee, eLpfnu ce apaauu, koqu, sLu ua arepu u .n. cfpenku.
Maurauoeafa cfouaua uspLpa pLnro epeue, uo ua-uakpan ce usuocea. BL-
scfauoeneauefo oukuoeeuo e nop qopuafa ua peuouf ua nykuafuuu unu cy-
neauun, eLscfauoeneaue ua usuoceu uefan unu uauacnue ua feLppu noeLpxuocfuu
cnoeee sa ypLnaeaue ua ueofa ua pefana.
3aeapneuocffa ua uaurauoeafa cfouaua e orpauueua of cknouuocffa u kLu
okpexkocfneaue npu noefopuo uarpneaue u aeuo oxnapaue. Epuo npakfuecko
npaeuno e feunepafypafa npu usnLnueuue ua uepuuuufe cnoeee pa ue uapeuuaea
200C. Ro fasu npuuua of usknkufenuo eauo suaeuue e pa ce koufponupa
feunepafypafa no epeue ua saeapneaue. Tesu cfouauu fpnea pa ce saeapneaf:
c eLsuouo ua-uucko konuecfeo enaraua fonnuua u uucLk fok
es uanpeuu eLnuoopasuu peueuun npu saeapneaue
kLpefo e eLsuouo pa ce paofu eLpxy unkonko pefana epuoepeueuuo
pefana uoe pa ce nocfaeu eLe eopa sa oxnapaue
3anapnnaue1o ua uaurauonu c1ouauu uoxe pa nknmuna
saeapneaue kLu uenerupauu unu uuckonerupauu cfouauu
saeapneaue ua uaurauoea cfouaua kLu uaurauoea cfouaua
eLscfauoeneaue ua usuoceuu noeLpxuocfu
uaeapneaue sa ocurypneaue ua nLpeouaanuafa feLppocf ua noeLpxuocffa
C+epuunnaue
3a nonyaeaue ua paeuonkocfeu, unae uee npu saeapneaue ua uaurauoeu
cfouauu unu uaurauoeu cfouauu kLu ppyr fun cfouauu fpnea pa ce usnonseaf ay-
cfeuufuu poaeLuu uafepuanu.
oan+uuu ua1epuanu sa c+epuunnaue
Tun cnnan Enek1popu sa MHF/MAF MHF/MAF
PE3 1p+eu 1en nn+1eu 1en
18/8/6 OK 67.45 OK Tubrodur 14.71 OK Autrod 16.95
OK 67.52 cauosaufeu
29/9 OK 68.81
3a noeee uuqopuauun, eu fanuuafa ua cfp. 103.
32
c1ouauu
Hanapnnaue
Rpepu uaeapneaue ua cunuo usuoceuu acfu e npenopLufenuo pa ce yqepupa
c aycfeuufeu poaeLeu uafepuan of funa OK 67.XX. Cnep foea uaeapneauefo
uoe pa ce usnLnuu c epuu of onucauufe no pony funoee c 13% Mn.
oan+uuu ua1epuanu sa uanapnnaue
Tun cnnan Enek1popu sa PE3 Tp+eu 1en
13Mn OK 86.08
13Mn 4Cr 3Ni OK 86.20 OK Tubrodur 15.60 cauosaufeu
14Mn 3Ni OK 86.28
14Mn 18Cr OK 86.30 OK Tubrodur 15.65 cauosaufeu
Tesu poaeLuu uafepuanu cLofeefcfeaf ua ua-pasnpocfpaueuufe funoee ay-
cfeuufuu uaurauoeu cfouauu. 3a ponLnuufenua uuqopuauun, eu fanuuafa ua
cfp. 105 - 106.
Bucoka n+pnouauanua 1n+ppoc1
3a yeenuaeaue ua nLpeouaanuafa feLppocf ua ueeoee of uaurauoea cfouaua
u sa yeenuaeaue ua nLpeouaanuafa usuocoycfoueocf uoraf pa ce usnonseaf
nerupauu c Cr poaeLuu uafepuanu. Toea uoe cLo pa ce npunou u eLpxy u-
oeu pefanu npeeaufueuo, c uen yeenuaeaue ua ekcnnoafauuouuun ueof.
oan+uuu ua1epuanu sa nonyuanaue ua n+pnouauanua 1n+ppoc1
HRC Enek1popu sa PE3 MHF/MAF MHF/MAF
1p+eu 1en nn+1eu 1en
55-60 OK 84.58 OK Tubrodur 15.52 OK Autrod 13.91
Rpu ycnoeun ua usknkufenuo cunuo usuoceaue uoraf pa ce usnonseaf unkou fu-
noee enesuu cnnaeu c eucoko cLpLpauue ua xpou unu c kounnekcuu kapupu,
pasnonoeuu e upea unu ppyr eup uapka c foku.
HRC Enek1popu sa PE3 MHF/MAF 1p+eu 1en
60-63 OK 84.78 OK Tubrodur 14.70
~62* OK 84.84 OK Tubrodur 15.80
*1 cno
3a ponLnuufenua uuqopuauun, eu fanuuafa ua cfp. 110 - 113.
33
c1ouauu
34
Peuouf ua fpouaka of 14% uaurauoea cfouaua c OK 86.08.
c1ouauu
35
-ykoea fpouaka: OK Tubrodur 15.65.
Tpouaka. 3Lu: yqepeu cno OK 86.20, noeLpxuocfeu cno OK 84.78.
Laxuafua upea: OK Tubrodur 14.70.
3anapnnaue ua uuc1pyueu1anuu
c1ouauu u c1ouauu sa
nucoko1eunepa1ypuu npunoxeuun
36
Rpu uucfpyueufanuufe cfouauu cLpLpauuefo ua eLrnepop e uuoro no-ronnuo,
ofkonkofo npu cfpoufenuufe cfouauu. Te ecfo ca nerupauu c xpou, uuken u uonu-
peu u ce fepuoopaofeaf npu eucoku feunepafypu sa pa npupounf cneuuquuu
xapakfepucfuku, kafo feLppocf, unaeocf, cfaunuocf ua qopuafa u pasuepufe
u f.u.
Peuoufuofo saeapneaue ua uucfpyueufanuu cfouauu, es npounua ua npucL-
ufe uu ceocfea e uuoro fpypuo. Toea usuckea fepuoopaofka npu eucoku
feunepafypu u usnonseauefo ua poaeLuu uafepuanu cLc cxopeu cLcfae u ceo-
cfea. Ha npakfuka foea e uuoro fpypuo nopapu opasyeauefo ua okucuu kopu
u usueueuuefo ua pasuepufe. Toea cLo usuckea uuoro pLnro epeue.
Onpoc1euo sanapnnaue
Peuoufuo saeapneaue ua uucfpyueufu uoe pa ce useLpuu npu noprpneaue of
200-500C (e saeucuuocf of funa ua uafepuana), saeapneaue npu fasu feunepafy-
pa u ofrpneaue. PesynfafLf of foea e, e feLppocffa ua ueea u ueroeafa cfpykfy-
pa unua pa Lpaf uanLnuo paeuouepuu, uo uoraf pa ce okae pocfafLuo popu
sa cnecfneaue ua cpepcfeafa sa uspaofka ua uoe uucfpyueuf.
Teunepafypufe ua noprpneaue u fepuoopaofka uoraf pa Lpaf uauepeuu
e pasnuuu cfaupapfu, uanp. SAE/AlSl, unu of uafepuanu ua npouseopufenufe ua
uucfpyueufanuu cfouauu.
Enek1popu sa sanapnnaue ua uuc1pyueu1anuu c1ouauu
Tesu enekfpopu ca paspaofeuu sa npouseopcfeofo ua cLcfaeuu uucfpyueufu
u sa peuoufuo saeapneaue.
Ocuonuu 1unone
OK 84.52 Mapfeusufua, 13% xpou
OK 85.58 Mapfeusuf + quuu kapupu
OK 85.65 ELpsopeeu cfouauu
OK 93.06 Ha koanfoea ocuoea - Co Cr W
OK 92.35 Ha uukenoea ocuoea - Ni Cr Mo W
Epua eaua noppouocf npu saeapneauefo ua uucfpyueufanuu cfouauu e fnxu-
afa feLppocf npu noeuueuu feunepafypu, fL kafo fe ecfo paofnf npu noeuueua
feunepafypa unu fonnuua ce reuepupa e npoueca ua pnsaue u qopuoeaue. TeL-
ppocffa ua uuckonerupauufe cfouauu Lpso cnapa npu feunepafypu uap 400C,
pokafo Lpsopeeufe cfouauu sanaseaf feLppocffa cu po 600C.
37
Cnnaeufe ua koanfoea ocuoea ce usnonseaf ua-eee sa pa uspLpaf usu-
oceaue ua ropeo, korafo ce usuckea popa feLppocf npu eucoka feunepafypa,
saepuo c ycfoueocf ua okucnneaue, koposun u okanuuoopasyeaue. Tunuuu
npuuepu ca nerna ua knanauu, uanpaenneau ua ekcfpypepu, knanauu ua
peurafenu u f.u.
Cnnaeu ua koanfoea ocuoea uoraf ce uauacnf eLpxy ocuoeuu uafepuanu kafo
eLrnepopuu u uuckonerupauu cfouauu, cfouaueuu ofnueku u uepLpaeuu cfouauu.
3a usnreaue ua uanykeauefo npu saeapneaue ua noeee of pea cnon ecfo ce
usuckea noprpneaue.
OK 93.06 e useecfeu cLc ceonfa usuocoycfoueocf npu eucoku feunepafypu,
uaeapeuun uefan ce usnonsea sa pnsaue npu feunepafypu uapeuuaeau 600C.
Rpu no-uucku feunepafypu enekfpopufe of funa "Lpsopeeu, kafo OK 85.65,
uoraf pa papaf epuakeo popu pesynfafu u no-popa unaeocf.
OK 92.35 ue e uuoro feLpp, uo cnapauefo ua nkocffa u feLppocffa uy e uuoro
nnaeuo. opu npu 800C nkocffa uy ua onLu e uap 400MPa. Cnnaefa e uuoro y-
cfouea ua fepuueu uok u uuknuuu uafoeapeauun, kakfo u ua okucneuue.
Hopro1onka, npak1uuecku c+ne1u
Roprpneauefo fpnea pa ce useLpuu e ne sa pa ce ocurypu paeuouepuo
uarpneaue po fouafa feunepafypa. Bce nak uoe pa ce useLpuu u c ropenka. Of
usknkufenua eauocf e uarpneauefo pa cfaea paeuouepuo, ocoeuo npu uucfpy-
ueufu cLc cnoua qopua. Oceeu foea e eauo konuecfeofo ua enarauafa npu
saeapneaue fonnuua pa ce uauanu po uuuuuyu, kafo ce usnonsea fexuuka ua
saeapneaue ua uanku yacfLuu c nponyckaue.
Leeoeefe uoraf pa ce noprofenf c uuupreneue. Tpnea pa ce usnreaf ocfpu
pLoee, ueoxopuu e npaeunuo noppau papuyc ua sakpLrneuunfa.
Rpu uucfpyueufanuu cfouauu, uuoro fpypuu sa saeapneaue ce npenopLea uau-
acnue ua epuu-pea yqepuu cnon c OK 67.45 unu OK 68.82.
Ro-uanko kpufuuu pefanu u uuckonerupauu uucfpyueufanuu cfouauu uoraf
pa ce usrpapnf c OK 83.28, npepu uaeapneaue ua noeLpxuocffa c feLppa cnnae.
Bcuku paofuu u peeu pLoee u noeLpxuocfu usuckeaf uauacnue ua ua-
uanko pea cnon c enekfpop of uucfpyueufanua cfouaua.
Cnepoeafenuo fpnea pa ocfaue pocfafLuo peen cno sa uauuuua opaofka
po ueoxopuuun pasuep
OfepLaue ce useLpuea npu feunepafypa, npunusufenuo paeua ua
feunepafypafa ua noprpneaue. Hufo ofepLauefo, uufo noprpneauefo fpnea pa
cfaeaf npu feunepafypa, no eucoka of feunepafypafa ua ofrpneaue.
38
Roprofoeka sa acfueu peuouf: (A) noepepeuun pL, (B) noprofeeu sa saeapneaue.
Roprofoeka sa nLneu peuouf: (A) noepepeuun pL, (B) noprofeeu sa saeapneaue.
Texuuku sa usnreaue ua kpafepu u noepepu ua pLa no epeue ua peuoufuo saeapneaue.
A B
A B
A B
Hsop ua enek1popu sa pasnuuuu uuc1pyueu1u
Bup uuc1pyueu1 Xenauu cnoc1na oan+ueu
ua1epuan
auuu, paofeu Xunaeocf. OK 84.52
ua cfypeuo Ycfoueocf ua ypap.
Hucfpyueufu sa cfypeuo Hsuocoycfoueocf.
qopuoeaue
Penpcku kokunu Hkocf npu eucoku OK 85.58
Mafpuuu sa nnacfuaca feunepafypu, ycfoueocf
aunu sa ropeo koeaue ua usuoceaue u ypap npu
Roaucouu sa paofa ua ropeo eucoku feunepafypu.
Ekcfpypepuu pksu
auuu sa ropeo uspnseaue 3anaseaue ua peeun pL OK 85.65
Mafpuuu sa ropeo npoueaue npu eucoku feunepafypu.
Hooee sa ropeo pnsaue Bucoka ypapua unaeocf.
Hucfpyueufu sa xoen-uauuua
4pesu
Koeauku aunu Xunaeocf npu noefapnu OK 92.35
Ekcfpypepuu pksu ce uuknuuu uafoeapeauun.
Ycfoueocf ua okucneuue
po 1000C
aunu Bucoka ycfoueocf ua ypap. OK 93.06
Hucfpyueufu ua uauuuu sa Bucoka feLppocf npu
opnseaue noeuueuu feunepafypu.
Ycfoueocf ua
okanuuoopasyeaue.
3a ponLnuufenua uuqopuauun eu fanuuafa ua cfp. 107 - 108.
39
Hanapnnaue
Omu nonoxeuun
Haeapneauefo npepcfaennea npepnaseaue ua pefanu, usnoeuu ua pasnuuu
eupoee usuoceaue c uen pa ce npupounf cneuuquuu kaecfea unu ycfoueocf
ua usuoceaue.
BLnpeku, e uaeapneauefo ce usnonsea ua-eee sa eLscfauoeneaue ua usu-
oceuu acfu po cLcfonuue e koefo fe uoraf pa paofnf, c uen pa ce ypLnu
ekcnnoafauuouuun uu ueof, cu cfpyea fasu fexuuka pa ce npunou cLo u eLpxy
uoeu pefanu. Ro fosu uauu pefanufe uoraf pa ce uspaofnf of no- eefuu
uafepuan a noeLpxuocfuufe xapakfepucfuku pa ce npupounf pes uauacnue ua
cno c ueoxopuuufe kaecfea sa popa usuocoycfoueocf.
Cnnaeufe sa uaeapneaue uoraf pa ce uauacnf kafo ce usnonseaf nofu ecuku
saeapLuu npouecu.
Roeuueuafa feLppocf ue euuaru osuaaea no-popa usuocoycfoueocf unu no-
pLnLr ekcnnoafauuoueu ueof. Moe pa uua uuoro cnnaeu c epuakea feLppocf,
koufo suaufenuo ce pasnuaeaf no fnxuafa ycfoueocf ua usuoceaue.
OnufLf nokasea, e sa pa ce usepe ua-popafa cnnae sa uaeapneaue, fpnea
pa ca useecfuu ycnoeunfa npu koufo paofu pefana.
Taka sa pa ce usepe npaeunuafa cnnae sa uaeapneaue sa cneuuquuofo
npunoeuue e ueoxopuua cnepuafa uuqopuauun:
kakeu eupoee usuoceao uafoeapeaue pecfeaf
kakLe e ocuoeuun uafepuan
kakLe npouec ua saeapneaue e ce usnonsea
kakea e ueoxopuuafa kpaua opaofka ua noeLpxuocffa
Bupone ua1onapnaue
Hua uuoro pasnuuu eupoee uafoeapeaue, koufo pecfeaf usuoceao
cauocfonfenuo unu e kouuuauun. Cnepoeafenuo, sa pa ce ocurypu eqekfueuocf u
curypuocf, saeapLuufe uafepuanu fpnea pa ce nopepaf euuuafenuo.
Cnnaefa sa uaeapneaue fpnea pa ce usepe kafo kounpouuc uepy eceku of
usuoceaufe qakfopu. Hanpuuep, korafo ce npaeu ornep ua usuoceua uefanua
acf ce peuaea e npeonapaeaun qakfop sa usuoceauefo e apasueuofo usu-
oceaue, a cnepeaun qakfop e usuoceaue yuepeuo ypapuo uafoeapeaue. B fosu
cnya cnnaefa sa uaeapneaue, konfo fpnea pa ce usepe fpnea pa uua uuoro
popa ycfoueocf ua apasueuo usuoceaue, uo cLo faka u popa ycfoueocf ua
usuoceaue of ypapuo uafoeapeaue.
3a onpocfneaue ua kouuenuunfa sa eupoeefe usuoceau qakfopu, fe uoraf pa
ce paspennf e pasnuuu knacoee cLc cunuo pasnuaeau ce xapakfepucfuku.
40
Hanapnnaue
Hsuocnaue npu 1pueue u npunennaue ua ue1an n ue1an
Tunuuu npuuepu sa usuoceaue ua uefanuu acfu, koufo ce eLpfnf unu ce nnL-
sraf epua cpey ppyra, ca eanoee kLu fnxuufe nerna, seeua ua eepuru no apa-
auu, eepuuu sLuu konena, eanuu u f.u.
oLp usop npu usuoceauefo uefan kLu uefan ca uapfeusufuufe cnnaeu sa u-
aeapneaue. Aycfeuufuo-uaurauoeufe u koanfoeufe cnnaeu cLo ca popu sa fosu
fun usuoceaue.
Ro npuuuun koufakfa ua noeLpxuocfu ua uafepuanu c epuakea feLppocf eopu po
cunuo usuoceaue. Hanpuuep, fpnea pa npupouefe uaeuk pa usupafe uafepuanu
c pasnuua feLppocf sa nernafa u sa eanoeefe.
Hsuocnaue o1 ypapu
RoeLpxuocffa ua uafepuana ce peqopuupa u acfuuo ce ofpouea unu pae ce
ofynea, korafo e usnoeua ua ypapu u/unu eucoko uannraue.
Ypapuo uafoeapeaue ce cpea cLo npu onepauuufe fpoueue u ueneue, kLpefo
epuoepeueuuo c foea eLsuukea apasueuo usuoceaue of quuufe acfuuu u
cnepoeafenuo ce usuckea usuocoycfouea, feLppa noeLpxuocf.
Aycfeuufuo-uaurauoeufe cnoeee ecfo paeaf ua-popa ycfoueocf ua ucfo
ypapuo uafoeapeaue, fL kafo ce cauoynkaeaf. B pesynfaf ua foea ce nonyaea fe-
Lppa noeLpxuocf u unae uafepuan ofpony. BLnpeku e ue ca faka popu, kakfo
aycfeuufuo-uaurauoeufe cnnaeu, uapfeusufuufe cnnaeu uuaf yuepeua
ycfoueocf ua ypapuo usuoceaue.
Tunuuu pefanu ca ponkoeu fpouaku, ykoee, .n. cfpenku.
41
Hanapnnaue
42
Apasunuo usuocnaue o1 quuu uuuepanuu uac1uuu
Tosu fun usuoceaue ce npuuunea of napeuua c ocfpu pLoee, nnLsrau ce unu
peueu ce e cfpyn c pasnuua ckopocf u uannraue no pLnuua ua uefanua noeL-
pxuocf, koufo no fosu uauu unaqaf uafepuana kafo uanku peeu uucfpyueufu.
Konkofo no-feLppu ca acfuuufe u no-ocfpu fexuufe pLoee, fonkoea no-cunuo e
usuoceauefo.
Tunuuu npunoeuun ca seuekonuufe paofu, fpaucnopf ua uuuepanu u
cenckocfonaucku kounoueufu.
Ropapu nuncafa ua ypapuo uafoeapeaue, cpaeuufenuo kpexkufe cnnaeu c eucoko
cLpLpauue ua xpou u eLrnepop, kafo cnnaeufe cLpLpau xpouoeu kapupu ce
usnonseaf ycneuuo sa ycfoueocf cnpnuo fosu eup uafoeapeaue.
Apasunuo usuocnaue npu cuunaue
Apasunuo usuocnaue + uannraue
Tosu fun usuoceaue eLsuukea, korafo uanku, feLppu apasueuu acfuuu npeuuu-
aeaf npuuypufenuo uepy pee uefanuu acfu u ce fpouaf pes cuunaue. Tunuuu
pefanu ca pasnpauufenu, ponkoeu fpouaku, cuecufenuu nonafku u uooee ua
rpena.
Mefanufe sa uaeapneaue, koufo ce usnonseaf eknkeaf aycfeuufuo- uaurauoeu,
uapfeusufuu u unkou cLpLpau kapupu cnnaeu. Kapupuufe cnnaeu oukuoeeuo
cLpLpaf ppeuu, paeuouepuo pasnpepeneuu fufauoeu kapupu.
Hanapnnaue
Hsuocnaue npu nucoka 1eunepa1ypa
Tonnuua, okucneuue, koposun
Korafo uefanufe ca usnoeuu ua pecfeuefo ua eucoku feunepafypu sa pLnro
epeue, fe oukuoeeuo saryeaf ceonfa pLnrofpauocf. Paofafa npu eucoku
feunepafypu ecfo eopu po fepuuua yuopa u uanykeaue. Hanpuuep, fepuuuun
uok npepuseukau of uuknuuu fepuuuu uafoeapeauun eLsuukea npu uucfpyueufu
u uafpuuu sa koeaue u paofa npu eucoku feunepafypu.
Korafo ce paofu e okucnneaa afuocqepa, ua noeLpxuocffa ua uefanufe ce
opasyea okuceu cno, kofo npu pasuupeuunfa ce ofnknea u npoueca ua
okucnneaue ce noefapn.
Mapfeusufuufe cfouauu u cfouauufe c 5-12% xpou ca uuoro ycfoueu ua usu-
oceaue of fepuuua yuopa. Cnnaeufe cLpLpau xpouoeu kapupu uuaf npeeL-
sxopua usuocoycfoueocf po feunepafypu of okono 600C.
Rpu no-eucoku feunepafypu ce usnonseaf cnnaeu ua uukenoea unu koanfoea ocuoea.
Tunuuu pefanu, usnoeuu ua eucoku feunepafypu ca ponku sa ofnueku, aunu
sa ropeo koeaue, ekcfpypepuu pksu, saxeaau enkcfu u fpouaku sa cuu-
fepoeauu uafepuanu.
Ocuonuu ua1epuanu
Hua pee rnaeuu rpynu ocuoeuu uafepuanu, koufo ce uaeapneaf:
eLrnepopuu unu uuckonerupauu cfouauu
aycfeuufuo-uaurauoeu cfouauu
Tesu uafepuanu uoraf pa ce pasnuaf kafo ce usnonsea uaruuf.
BLrnepopuufe u uuckonerupauufe cfouauu ca cunuo uaruufuu.
Aycfeuufuo-uaurauoeufe ue ca. Tosu fun npupouea uaruufuu ceocfea npu
cauouakneneaue.
RpenopLkufe sa saeapneaue ua peafa eupa cfouauu ca kopeuuo pasnuuu.
C npounua ua cLpLpauuefo ua eLrnepop u nerupau eneueufu eLe eLrnepopuu-
fe u uuckonerupauufe cfouauu uoe pa ce uanoaf noprpneaue, fepuoopaofka
cnep saeapneaue, aeuo oxnapaue u f.u. Bu feunepafypufe ua noprpneaue, fa-
nuuafa ua cfp. 13.
Of ppyra cfpaua, aycfeuufuo-uaurauoeufe cfouauu fpnea pa ce saeapneaf es
uukakeo noprpneaue unu fepuoopaofka. Teunepafypafa npu usnLnueuue ua
uepuuuufe cnoeee fpnea pa Lpe noppLpaua eLsuouo ua-uucka (nop 200C),
fL kafo npu uarpneaue fesu cfouauu cfaeaf kpexku.
43
Hanapnnaue
3anap+uuu npouecu
Ha-ecfo usnonseauufe npu uaeapneaue npouecu ca cnepuufe:
P+uuo enek1pop+rono sanapnnaue
Hapuauo cLo saeapneaue c ouasauu enekfpopu
nokpuea ua-uupoka raua saeapLuu uafepuanu
cpaeuufenuo eefuuo
rLekae npouec sa paofa ua ofkpufo u eLe ecnkakeu npocfpaucfeeuu
nonoeuun
3anapnnaue c 1p+eu 1en
uanuuu ca nofu cLufe cnnaeu kafo npu ouasauufe enekfpopu
eucoka npouseopufenuocf
uoe pa ce usnonsea npu paofa ua ofkpufo
cauosaufuu, ue ce usuckea saufeu ras
Hopqnmcono sanapnnaue
orpauueu usop ua poaeLuu uafepuanu
eucoka npouseopufenuocf sa eLscfauoeneaue ua roneuu usuoceuu pefanu
unua npLcku u nncLk of pLrafa
Hsucknauun sa kpaua1a opao1ka ua non+pxuoc1u1e
Hsuckeauunfa sa kpaua opaofka ua noeLpxuocfufe fpnea pa Lpaf
nocfaeeuu npepu pa Lpe uspau saeapLeu uafepuan, fL kafo fe uoraf pa Lpaf
of necuo uexauuuo opaofeaeuu po ueopaofeaeuu.
Oceeu foea uuoro of eucokonerupauufe uaeapeuu cnoeee cLpLpaf oceo-
opaeau uanpeeuunfa nykuafuuu. Toea osuaaea, e e ueea ce opasyeaf uanku
nykuafuuu, koufo uauanneaf uueofo unu nornLaf uanpeeuunfa npu ceueaue ua
uaeapeuun uefan.
Cnepoeafenuo npepu pa ce usepe cnnae fpnea pa ce ofroeopu ua cnepuufe
eLnpocu:
Heoxopuua nu e poeLpuufenua uauuuua opaofka cnep uaeapneaue unu
uuupreneuefo e pocfafLuo?
onycfuuu nu ca nykuafuuu of oceoopaeaue ua uanpeeuunfa?
Kafo npakfuecko npaeuno, uaeapeu uefan c feLppocf <40 HRC uoe pa ce o-
paofea uexauuuo. Ako feLppocffa e uap 40 HRC ece nak noeLpxuocfufe uoraf pa
ce opaofeaf cLc cLpLpau kapupu uucfpyueufu.
Hanykeauefo npu oceoopaeaue ua uanpeeuunfa ecfo ue e epepuo sa pa-
ofafa ua uaueceuun cno u ue npepuseukea ofyneaue. Ako pefana e usnoeu ua
cunuu ypapu u orLeaue fpnea pa Lpe uaueceu nnacfueu yqepeu cno kofo pa
ue noseonnea npouukeaue ua nykuafuuufe e ocuoeuun uafepuan.
Hanykeauefo sa oceoopaeaue ua uanpeeuun ce yeenuaea npu uucLk
saeapLeu fok u eucoka ckopocf ua saeapneaue.
44
Hanapnnaue
Tunone ua1epuanu sa uanapnnaue
Mefanufe sa uaeapneaue uoraf pa ce paspennf ua rpynu e saeucuuocf of fexuu-
fe ceocfea, xapakfepucfuku u usuocoycfoueocf.
Te uoraf pa Lpaf rpynupauu faka:
ua xennsua ocuona:
uapfeusufuu cnnaeu
aycfeuufuu cnnaeu
cnnaeu, orafu ua kapupu
ua ue xennsua ocuona:
ua koanfoea ocuoea
ua uukenoea ocuoea
Xapakfepucfuku ceLpsauu c usuocoycfoueocffa:
uap1eusu1uu:
Tosu fun ce usnonsea sa usrpapaue u sa noeLpxuocfuo uaeapneaue:
popa ycfoueocf ua usuoceaue uefan-uefan
popa ycfoueocf ua ypapuo uafoeapeaue
cpaeuufenuo popa ycfoueocf ua apasueuo usuoceaue
ayc1euu1uu:
npeeLsxopua ycfoueocf ua ypapuo uafoeapeaue
popa cnnae sa usrpapaue
cpaeuufenuo popa ycfoueocf ua apasueuo usuoceaue
ora1u ua kapupu
npeeLsxopua ycfoueocf ua apasueuo usuoceaue
popa feunepafypua ycfoueocf
cpaeuufenuo popa koposoycfoueocf
cnaa ycfoueocf ua ypapuo uafoeapeaue
ua koan1ona u uukenona ocuona
Tesu cnnaeu uspLpaf ua noeeefo eupoee usuoceaue, uo nopapu fnxuafa
eucoka ueua fe ce usnonseaf rnaeuo korafo uoraf cpaeuufenuo ukououuuo pa
ypoenefeopnf ueoxopuuufe usuckeauun, kafo paofa npu eucoku feunepafypu,
kLpefo orafufe ua kapupu cnnaeu u cnnaeufe ua ennsua ocuoea uuaf cnaa
ycfoueocf. Hukenoeufe cnnaeu ca no-eefuuafa anfepuafuea.
45
Hanapnnaue
Yn+1naue k+u knacuqukauun1a ua poan+uuu1e ua1epuanu sa
uanapnnaue, c+rnacuo DIN 8555 T1 (1983)
46
Hanapnnaue
Ma1epuanu sa uanapnnaue
Mafepuanufe ca paspeneuu ua rpynu cnopep fexuufe xapakfepucfuku u ycfo-
ueocffa uu ua cneuuquuo usuoceaue.
Tun usuocnaue Tun cnnan Hpopyk1 DIN 8555
Mefan e uefan uucko nerupauu, OK 83.27 E1-UM-350
uucko eLrnepopuu OK 83.28 E1-UM-300
cnnaeu sa usrpapaue OK 83.29 E1-UM-300
OK 83.30 E1-UM-300
OK Tubrodur 15.39 MF1-300
OK Tubrodur 15.40* MF1-300
OK Tubrodur 15.42* MF1-400
OK Autrod 13.89 MSG2-GZ-350-P
Koposun uefan e uefan 13% xpouoeu cfouauu OK 84.42 E5-UM-45-R
uapfeusufuu OK 84.52 E5-UM-45-R
OK Tubrodur 15.73* MF5-46-RTZ
OK Autrod 13.91 MSG6-GZC-60G
Ypapuo uafoeapeaue 14% uaurauoeu OK 86.08 E7-UM-200-KP
OK 86.20 E7-UM-200-KP
OK 86.28 E7-UM-200-KP
OK 86.30 E7-UM-200-KP
OK Tubrodur 15.60 MF7-250-KNP
OK Tubrodur 15.65* MF7-250-GKNPR
Apasueuo usuoceaue + Kounnekcuu kapupu OK 84.84
uannraue OK Tubrodur 15.80
Apasueuo usuoceaue Xpouoeu kapupu OK 84.78 E10-UM-60GZ
of quuu uuuepanuu OK 84.80
acfuuu OK Tubrodur 14.70 MF10-55-GPTZ
OK Tubrodur15.81 MF6-50-G
OK Tubrodur 15.82 MF10-65-GRPZ
Apasueuo + ypapuo Huckonerupauu, OK 83.50 E6-UM-55-G
usuoceaue eucoko eLrnepopuu, OK 83.65 E4-UM-60-GZ
uapfeusufuu OK Tubrodur 15.50 MF6-55-GP
OK Tubrodur 15.52* MF6-55-GP
10% xpouoeu, OK 84.58 E6-UM-55-G
eucoko eLrnepopuu,
uapfeusufuu
Orueynopuu, Hucfpyueufanuu OK 85.58 E3-UM-50-ST
okucnneaue, koposun cfouauu OK 85.65 E4-UM-60-ST
OK 92.35 E23-200-CKT
OK Tubrodur 15.84 MF3-50-ST
Koanfoeu cnnaeu OK 93.01 E20-55-CTZ
OK 93.06 E20-40-CTZ
OK 93.07 E20-300-CTZ
OK 93.12 E20-50-CTZ
OK Tubrodur 15.86 MF20-40-CTZ
* = npepnaraf ce u sa nopqnkcoeo saeapneaue
47
Hanapnnaue
Yn+1naue sa +ps usop ua poan+ueu ua1epuan n sanucuuoc1
o1 pec1namu1e ua1onapnauun
48
Hanapnnaue
Haeapneaue ua noppLpau ponku c OK 84.52 u OK 93.06.
49
Hanapnnaue
Rpeeaufueuo uaeapneaue c OK 84.58
50
Haeapneaue ua eLpfn ce apaau. Hsrpapaue c OK 83.28
51
Hpuuepu sa npunoxeuue
ua poan+uuu1e ua1epuanu
u unmc1pauuu
Cfp.
Cenckocfonaucku uucfpyueufu
puckoeu pauu..............................52
Cenckocfonaucku uucfpyueufu
nnyroee .........................................53
Peuouf ua anyuuuueeu ofnueku ....54
Ponafku ua acqanfoeu uukcepu ....55
Ponafku u uooee sa uuueufoeu
u fyxnapcku uukcepu ......................56
Pnfa cfouaua peuouf
ua nykuafuuu, uynnu u f.u. .............57
Peeu uucfpyueufu uooee
sa cfypeuo pnsaue...........................58
Peeu uucfpyueufu uooee
sa ropeo pnsaue............................59
auuu..............................................60
Kouycuu fpouaku...........................61
Kpauoeu konena...............................62
-ykoee..............................................63
Fpena ua pparnau
(eLeu arep) ..................................64
Koqu ua pparu.................................65
Kopouu ua coupu.............................66
eurafenuu nokoee yryu...........67
Buufoee ua ekcfpypepu
ryua u nnacfuacu.........................68
Luekoee ua fyxnapcku npecu.........69
Pyeue-Pnsaue-Rpoueaue ............70
3axeaau enkcfu sa paofa
npu eucoka feunepafypa ................71
Cfp.
Cue yryu peqekfu e ofnueku.....72
-ykoee sa paspponeaue
u cuunaue........................................73
Hoceu ponku .................................74
Kopnycu ua uauuuu cue yryu ....75
Mefanuu aunu ..............................76
4pesoeu uooee sa cfouaua
u uefanu..........................................77
Mauuuu sa cueceaue
u pasLpkeaue.................................78
Luekoeu coupu ...............................79
X.n. cLepuuneaue ua pencu........80
X.n. peuouf ua pencu
uaeapneaue ..................................81
3Lu ua kLpfau .............................82
Ponkoeu fpouaku ..........................83
Ocfpuefa ua rpenoeu
fpaucnopfuopu ................................84
Banoee.............................................85
3Lu ua arepuu koqu,
uaeapneaue ..............................86 - 87
3Lu ua arepuu koqu,
eLscfauoeneaue ua npepuun
pL...................................................88
3Luu nerna ....................................89
3eeua ua rLceuuuu eepuru ...........90
Ponku ua rLceuuuu eepuru............91
Perna ua knanauu............................92
Cenckoc1onaucku uuc1pyueu1u
- puckonu pauu
Hpenop+uu1enua npouepypa
Haeapneauefo ce useLpuea ofkLu epnLuafafa cfpaua ua pucka. Ako e ueo-
xopuuo uuupreneue sa oqopunue ua npoquna, fo ce useLpuea ofkLu usnLku-
anafa acf.
RpenopLea ce noprpneaue po 350-400C, fL kafo puckoeefe uoe pa ca
uanpaeeuu of sakanneua cfouaua. Hsuuuprenefe usnLkuanafa cfpaua ua pucka u
uaeapefe okono 20-30uu uaeLfpe of pLa c OK 84.78, OK 83.50 unu OK 83.65.
3aeapneafe c eLnuoopasuu peueuun of pLa uaeLfpe.
Cnoeeefe fpnea pa Lpaf eLsuouo ua-fLuku u rnapku. Eaeuo oxnapaue.
oan+uuu ua1epuanu
OK 84.78 sa cyxu u enauu ycnoeun
OK 83.65 sa cyxu ycnoeun
52
Cenckoc1onaucku uuc1pyueu1u
- nnyrone
Rnyroeefe ce usuoceaf rnaeuo e souufe, nokasauu ua qurypufe.
Rpakfukafa nokasea roneuu pasnuun e usuoceauefo e pasnuuu noeu u qakfa,
e usuoceauefo saeucu of foea panu noeafa e cyxa unu enaua. Ropapu foea
uoe pa ce uanou pa ce npoeepaf usnufauun sa onpepennue ua uapopun fun
poaeLeu uafepuan.
oan+uuu ua1epuanu
53
Peuou1 ua anyuuuuenu o1nunku
Hsuuuprenefe noepepeuafa soua faka, e pa ce nonyu ucfa u paeua noeLpxuocf.
Yeepefe ce, e enekfpopufe koufo e usnonseafe ca cyxu.
Roprpneauefo ua feku pefanu onpocfnea saeapneauefo u noseonnea pa ce
paofu c no-cna fok.
efanu cLc cnoua qopua fpnea pa ce noprpenf po 100-150C.
3aeapneafe c OK 96.50. Hsnonseafe fecuu ueeoee. Ako e eLsuouo, uenun
uee fpnea pa ce saeapu es npekLceaue. Yeepefe ce, e unakafa of npepuuuun
cno e uanLnuo ofcfpaueua, korafo ce uanara uuorocnouo saeapneaue.
oan+uuu ua1epuanu
OK 96.50
OK Autrod 18.05
54
Rona1ku ua acqan1onu uukcepu
Rpepu pa sanouefe pa saeapneafe ofcfpauefe peqekfuun uafepuan kafo ro
uspyufe c OK 21.03 unu ro usuuuprenufe. Paofuufe pLoee ce uaeapneaf c usuo-
coycfoue enekfpop OK 84.84, OK 84.78 unu c fpLuo qnkcoe fen OK Tubrodur
14.70 unu 15.80.
Rpu OK 84.84 u OK Tubrodur 15.80 uakcuuanua feLppocf ce nocfura npu nLpeun
cno. He uauacnfe noeee of pea cnon of fesu uafepuanu. RpenopLea ce c OK
84.84 pa ce saeapnea kafo ce usnonsea upeecfa unu fokoea uapka, pokafo ppy-
rufe uoraf pa ce uauecaf eLpxy unnafa noeLpxuocf sa pa ce ocurypu ycfoueocf
ua apasueuo usuoceaue.
Haeapeuu cnoeee of OK 84.78 u OK Tubrodur 14.70 uoraf pa uuaf nykuafuuu of
oceoopaeaue ua uanpeeuunfa, koufo ue enunnf ua usuocoycfoueocffa.
PLoeefe u Lrnufe uoraf pa ce usrpapnf, kafo ce usnonseaf uepuu nnou koufo
pa noppLpaf eauafa.
Haeapeuunf uefan uoe pa ce opaofea cauo c unaqaue.
oan+uuu ua1epuanu
Pyeue OK 21.03
Hanapnnaue OK 84.84, OK Tubrodur 15.80, OK 84.78, OK Tubrodur 14.70
55
Rona1ku u uoxone sa uuueu1onu
u 1yxnapcku uukcepu
Hsuuuprenefe ecukun peqekfeu uafepuan u uafepuanu of npepuuuu
uaeapneauun.
Ako pLoeefe ca uuoro fLuku uoe pa ce usnonsea uepua nopnoka sa kou-
fponupaue ua eauafa. Ako e ueoxopuuo uakpan uoe neko pa ce sauuuprenu.
Takuea acfu ce uaeapneaf c:
OK 84.78, OK 84.84 unu OK Tubrodur 14.70 (A)
OK 84.84 ce uauacn cauo ua fLuku cnoeee no pLoeefe (B)
oan+uuu ua1epuanu
OK 84.78
OK 84.84
OK Tubrodur 14.70
56
Rn1a c1ouaua - peuou1
ua nykua1uuu, mynnu u 1.u.
Rykuafuuufe, uynnufe u peqekfufe ce uspyeaf c OK 21.03, korafo e eLsuouo
u of peefe cfpauu, sa pa ce nonyu X unu U noprofoeka ua ueea. Buuuafenuo
npoeepefe panu ue ca ocfauanu peqekfu u ce yeepefe, e kpauafa ua ueea ca
sakpLrneuu sa pa ce userue pasnpocfpaueuuefo ua nykuafuuu. OK 68.82 uoe pa
ce usnonsea es noprpneaue. Bce nak npu peenu uafepuanu noprpneaue ce uanara.
Korafo saeapneafe pepyeafe cfpauufe sa pa ce anaucupaf uanpeeuunfa of
ceueaue.
oan+uuu ua1epuanu
OK 68.82
OK Autrod 16.75
57
Hooeefe sa cfypeuo pnsaue ce npaenf of sakanneua nerupaua cfouaua. Te
fpnea pa ce uaeapneaf c uafepuan c nopoua feLppocf.
Hsuoceuufe uooee ce noprofenf kakfo e nokasauo rope. Yepefe ce, e ecuku
ocfpu pLoee e souafa e konfo e ce saeapnea ca sakpLrneuu.
Roprpneauefo fpnea pa Lpe po 200-300C, e saeucuuocf of ocuoeuun
uafepuan.
3aeapnea ce c OK 85.65.
Oxnapauefo fpnea pa cfaea aeuo e fonnousonauuoueu uafepuan.
Hoeu uooee uoraf pa ce npouseepaf of no-eefuu uafepuan u pa ce uaeapnf no
pLoeefe.
TeLppocffa ua uaeapeuun uefan of OK 85.65 e 60 HRC. Haeapeuunf uefan uoe
pa ce ofeLpue pea nLfu npu okono 550C sa epuu ac sa pa ce noeuuu feLppocffa
po okono 65 HRC.
oan+uuu ua1epuanu
OK 85.65
58
Pexemu uuc1pyueu1u
- uoxone sa c1ypeuo pnsaue
Pexemu uuc1pyueu1u
- uoxone sa ropemo pnsaue
Hooeefe sa ropeo pnsaue oukuoeeuo ce npaenf of usppLnueu ua fonnuua
cfouauu.
Hsuoceuufe uooee ce noprofenf sa saeapneaue kakfo e nokasauo rope.
Yepefe ce, e ecuku ocfpu pLoee e souafa e konfo e ce saeapnea ca sakpL-
rneuu.
RpenopLea ce noprpneaue po okono 200-300C u uauacnue ua yqepeu cno
c OK 68.82 npepu uaeapneaue c enekfpopufe ua koanfoea ocuoea OK 93.06 unu
ua uukenoea ocuoea, OK 92.35. Moe pa ce usnonsea cLo u OK 58.85 of
Lpsopee fun cfouaua.
Cnep saeapneaue oxnapauefo fpnea pa cfaea aeuo, e fonnousonauuoueu
uafepuan. 3aocfpnuefo ua pLoeefe ce npaeu pes unaqaue.
oan+uuu ua1epuanu
Byqepeu cno
OK 68.82
Hanapnnaue
OK 93.06
OK 92.35
OK 85.58
59
auuu
Roprofen ce ueea, kakfo e nokasauo ua qurypafa.
Roprpneauefo fpnea pa Lpe po feunepafypa 200-250C, e saeucuuocf of eL-
rnepopuofo cLpLpauue ua ocuoeuun uefan.
3aeapnea ce yqepeu cno peen okono 4uu c OK 68.82.
Haeapneaf ce uakcuuyu fpu cnon c OK 93.06.
oan+uuu ua1epuanu
Byqepeu cno
OK 68.82
Hanapnnaue
OK 93.06 npu cfypeuu u ropeu ycnoeun
OK 85.58 npu cfypeuu ycnoeun
OK 84.52 npu cfypeuu ycnoeun
60
Kouycuu 1pomauku
Kouycuufe fpouaku oukuoeeuo ce npaenf of 14% uaurauoea cfouaua (ue
uaruufua) u fpnea pa ce saeapneaf cfypeuu. Ro epeue ua saeapneaue fpnea pa
ce usnrea uarpneaue po noeee of 150-200C.
Ropapu roneuuuafa u pasuepa ua kouycufe pasceeauefo ua fonnuuafa ue
noseonnea cunuo nperpneaue.
3a usrpapaue ce usnonsea OK 67.45 unu OK Tubrodur 14.71. 3a noeLpxuocfuo
uaeapneaue ce usnonsea OK 84.58 unu OK Tubrodur 15.80.
oan+uuu ua1epuanu
Hsrpaxpaue
OK 67.45
OK Tubrodur 14.71
Hanapnnaue ua non+pxuoc11a
OK 84.58
OK Tubrodur 15.80
61
Kpauonu konena
Roeeefo konena ce npaenf of cfouaua c eucoko eLrnepopuo cLpLpauue.
Ropapu foea ce npenopLea noprpneaue po 200-300C u aeuo oxnapaue. Ako e
eLsuouo, fpnea pa ce usnonsea aefouafuuo unu nonyaefouafuuo saeapneaue
c pofafop sa konenafa. Hsrpapa ce faka, e pa e eLsuoua uauuuua opaofka
po fouun pasuep.
TL kafo usuoceauefo e npuuueuo of fpueue uefan e uefan, ce npenopLea
unae cno c feLppocf of 30-35 HRC.
oan+uuu ua1epuanu
OK 83.28, OK 83.29
OK Tubrodur 15.40
OK Tubrodur 15.40/OK Flux 10.71
62
Hykone
-ykoeefe npepcfaenneaf ofnueku of uucko nerupaua cfouaua (uaruufua), unu
uaurauoea cfouaua (ue uaruufua). 3a pa ce userue pucka of cnykeaue ua uenun
yk e npenopLufenuo pa ce uauece unae yqepeu cno npepu pa ce uaeapu
uuckonerupauafa cfouaua.
Ro fasu npuuua ce uauacn epuu cno c OK 67.45, OK 68.81 unu OK Tubrodur
14.71.
Cnep foea ce uaeapneaf pea po fpu usuocoycfoueu cnon c uafepuan of
ponuun cnucLk.
Maurauoeafa cfouaua ce usrpapa c OK 86.28 u noeLpxuocffa ce uaeapnea
kakfo uuckonerupauafa cfouaua.
oan+uuu ua1epuanu
ne1u uykone o1 nerupaua c1ouaua
Eyqepeu cno
OK 68.81
OK Autrod 16.75
unu
OK 67.45
OK Tubrodur 14.71
Haeapneaue
ypapuo + apasueuo usuoceaue
OK 83.50
OK Autrod 13.91
OK Tubrodur 15.52
apasueuo + yuepeuo ypapuo usuoceaue
OK 84.78
OK Tubrodur 14.70
uykone o1 uaurauona c1ouaua
Hsrpaxpamu cnoene
OK 86.28
OK Tubrodur 15.60
uaeapneaf ce kakfo ykoee of nnfa cfouaua
63
Fpena ua pparnau (n+xeu arep)
Haeapneaf ce npepuufe pLoee u cfpauufe ua rpenafa. Hoeufe rpena fpnea
pa ce uaeapnf npepu pa ce usnonseaf, sa pa ce ypLnu fnxuafa eqekfueuocf
u ekcnnoafauuouuun uu ueof.
oan+uuu ua1epuanu
Cunuo apasunuo usuocnaue
OK 84.78
OK Tubrodur 14.70
OK Autrod 13.91
Yuepeuo apasunuo usuocnaue
OK 83.65
OK Tubrodur 15.52
OK Autrod 13.90
64
Koqu ua pparu
Koqufe of uaurauoea cfouaua u ua-eee fexuufe pLoee (ycfuu) ca nopnoeuu
ua apasueuo usuoceaue.
Rpepu uoeufe koqu pa ennsaf e ynofpea, fe fpnea pa ce uaeapnf sa pa ce yp-
Lnu fnxuafa eqekfueuocf u ekcnnoafauuouuun uu ueof.
Koqufe fpnea pa ce peuoufupaf npepu pa ce usuocnf npekaneuo cunuo. Hsu-
oceuufe ycfuu uoraf pa ce usrpapnf kafo kLu koqafa ce saeapnf uoeu cfouaueuu
pLoee c OK 67.52. RoeLpxuocffa ua ycfuufe fpnea pa ce uaeapu u of peefe
cfpauu.
Hoeu ycfuu uoraf pa ce saeapnf sa koqafa c OK 68.81, OK 68.82 unu OK Tubrodur
14.71. Rpeeaufueuofo uaeapneaue ua ycfuufe ce npaeu c OK 84.78 unu OK Tubrodur
14.70. 3a usrpapaue ua ycfuu ce usnonsea OK 67.45 unu OK Tubrodur 14.71 a sa
uaeapneaue ua noeLpxuocffa - OK 84.78, OK Tubrodur 14.70 unu OK Tubrodur 15.80.
oan+uuu ua1epuanu
C+epuunnaue Hsrpaxpaue Hanapnnaue ua non+pxuoc11a
OK 68.81, OK 68.82 OK 67.45 apasunuo + ypapuo usuocnaue + uannraue
OK Tubrodur 14.71 OK 67.52 OK 84.78
OK Tubrodur 14.71 OK Tubrodur 14.70
OK Tubrodur 15.80
65
Kopouu ua coupu
66
Hanpannnnamu
Hsuoceauefo oukuoeeuo e e uecfafa, nokasauu ua qur.1:
e ponuafa acf ua ypapuun qnaueu (A)
e ponuafa acf ua uunuuppuuafa noeLpxuocf (B)
e kauana sa napefafa (C)
Pasmupu1en
Hsuoceauefo e e souufe nokasauu ua qur.2:
no "cnupaafa rnaea (A)
eLpxy acf of uunuuppuuofo eno (B)
Fnaeafa fpnea pa ce ofpeuoufupa korafo noeLpxuocffa ce usuocu okono 4uu.
3a usrpapaue ce usnonsea OK 83.28, cnep koefo noeLpxuocffa ce uaeapnea c
OK 84.84.
C OK 84.84 ce saeapnea of rope uapony. Ako e eLsuouo, npu saeapneaue pasu-
upufenn fpnea pa ce pLpu uaknoueu nop 45. Haeapneauefo ce useLpuea c
fecuu ycnopepuu ueeoee ua pascfonuue 2uu uepy fnx. Te ue fpnea pa ca e kou-
fakf nouepy cu, qur.3.
Kopoua
Hsuoceauefo e e souufe nokasauu ua qur. 4 u 5:
e kauana sa "cnupaafa rnaea (A)
no eLuuuafa acf ua uunuuppuuofo eno (B)
Kauana fpnea pa ce ofpeuoufupa, korafo noeLpxuocffa e usuoceua okono 4uu.
Hsnonsea ce OK 83.28. -enofo ce peuoufupa kakfo pasuupufenn.
oan+uuu ua1epuanu
Hsrpaxpaue Hanapnnaue ua non+pxuoc11a
OK 83.28 OK 84.84
qur. 1
qur. 2
qur. 3
qur. 5
qur. 4
nura1enuu nokone - uyryu
3aeapneauefo ce useLpuea "ua cfypeuo, f.e. es noprpneaue.
3aeapnea ce c kLcu ueeoee of uakcuuyu 25uu, e saeucuuocf of peenuuafa.
Henocpepcfeeuo cnep eceku uee ce npokoeaea c yk.
He fpnea pa ce ponycka feunepafypafa e souafa ua ueea pa ce noeuuu
noeee, ofkonkofo uoe pa ce uspLpu npu ponup c pLka.
3ouafa ce noppLpa xnapua cLc crLcfeu eLspyx.
Hsnonseaf ce enekfpopu c eLsuouo ua-uanLk puauefLp u ce saeapnea cLc
cna fok.
3aeapnea ce e nocoka kLu Lrnufe u of fLukun uafepuan kLu peenun
uafepuan.
3aeapnea ce c npaeu ueeoee es eLnuoopasuu peueuun.
B kpauafa ua nykuafuuufe ce npoueaf ofeopu, koufo pa cnpaf fnxuofo pas-
npocfpaueuue. U noprofoeka ua ueea e sa npepnoufaue, fakaea noprofoeka ce npaeu
pes uspyeaue ua nykuafuuafa c OK 21.03. Pyeuefo c OK 21.03 e uuoro naro-
npunfuo, saofo uscyuaea uacnafa u usrapn rpaqufa of ckoceuafa noeLpxuocf.
Ako e eLsuouo, pasnonoefe noka faka, e pa ce saeapnea e ponuo nonoeuue.
oan+uuu ua1epuanu
Pyeue Peuou1 ua nykua1uuu
OK 21.03 OK 92.18
OK 92.60
67
Buu1one ua ekc1pypepu
- ryua u nnac1uacu
Rpepu saeapneaue noeLpxuocffa ce noucfea cfapafenuo. Buufoeefe,
pasnonoeuu e pofafop, fpnea pa ce noprpenf po 100-200C, korafo peenuuafa e
uap 10uu. 3aeapneauefo uoe pa ce useLpuu c OK 93.06 (ua koanfoea ocuoea)
unu c OK Tubrodur 15.86 u c OK 92.35 (ua uukenoea ocuoea).
Tpnea pa ce ocurypu aeuo oxnapaue e fonno-usonauuoueu uafepuan u pa ce
usunaqa po pasuepa.
oan+uuu ua1epuanu
OK 93.06
Rpu ecnkakeu feunepafypu e no feLpp of OK 92.35, uo e no-ueycfoue kLu
usueueuun ua feunepafypafa.
Opaofeaeuocf: cauo c uucfpyueufu cLpLpau kapupu.
OK 92.35
Ro uek e of OK 93.06, uo e no ycfoue kLu usueueuun ua feunepafypafa.
Opaofeaeuocf: popa.
68
Luekone ua 1yxnapcku npecu
Ro nepuqepunfa ua uueka (B), ce uauacn cno c fecuu ueeoee c OK 84.84.
OfkLu uafuckoeafa cfpaua (A) ce npenopLea uauacnue ua uupoku ueeoee c eLnu-
oopasuu peueuun c OK 84.78 unu OK Tubrodur 14.70, po nokpueaue ua unnafa soua.
oan+uuu ua1epuanu
OK 84.84
OK 84.78
OK Tubrodur 14.70
69
Pyeue - Pnsaue - Hpounaue
OK 21.03 e enekfpop sa pyeue, pnsaue u noprofoeka ua ueeoee of cfouaua, u-
epLpaeua cfouaua, yryu, uaurauoea cfouaua, ueefuu uefanu kafo anyuuuu u
uepuu cnnaeu.
Enekfpopa ce usnonsea c oukuoeeuu fpaucqopuafopu u usnpaeufenu. He ca u-
eoxopuuu crLcfeu eLspyx, ras unu cneuuanua pLkoxeafka. RpenopLeauafa cuna
ua foka e ofennsaua ua onakoekafa.
Cpesoeefe, koufo ce nonyaeaf ca uuoro ucfu npepu saeapneaue ue e ueo-
xopuuo uukakeo unu uuoro uanko ponLnuufenuo noucfeaue.
Lrafa ce sananea no cLun uauu kakfo npu oukuoeeuufe enekfpopu sa
saeapneaue, uo cnep foea enekfpopa ce uaknaun u npupeuea uanpep nop uuoro
uanLk LrLn (5-15), peueuuefo e kafo npu pnsaue c fpuou. 3a no pLnoku kauanu
npouepypafa ce noefapn.
OK 21.03 uoe pa ce usnonsea eLe ecuku npocfpaucfeeuu nonoeuun, fo e
enekfpop sa paofa c npoueunue unu nocfonueu fok.
oan+uuu ua1epuanu
OK 21.03
70
3axnamamu uenmc1u
sa pao1a npu nucoka 1eunepa1ypa
Leea ce noprofen, kakfo e nokasauo ua qurypafa. Huckonerupauufe cfouauu
usuckeaf noprpneaue po 150-200C.
3aeapnea ce yqepeu cno (A) c OK 93.07.
Haeapneauefo ua noeLpxuocffa ce npaeu c OK 93.06. Ako e ueoxopuuo no-
ronnuo usrpapaue, uoe pa ce uauece uepuueu cno c OK 93.07.
oan+uuu ua1epuanu
Byqepeu cno
OK 93.07
Hanapnnaue
OK 93.06
71
Cun uyryu - peqek1u n o1nunku
Okucuufe kopu u nonapuanun nncLk ce ofcfpauneaf pes pyeue c OK 21.03
Rpepu saeapneaue ecuku ocfpu pLoee ce sakpLrnnf.
3aeapnea ce c OK 92.18. Rpu uanku epnLuafuuu e sa npepnoufaue usnonseau-
efo ua enekfpopu c puauefLp 2.5 unu 3.2 uu.
3aeapnea ce no nocoka ua eLuuuufe kpaua, eLnuoopasuofo peueuue ua
enekfpopa fpnea pa ce usnrea. Buuaru fpnea pa ce saeapnea ua kLcu yacfLuu.
Korafo e eLsuouo, uenocpepcfeeuo cnep eceku uee fpnea pa ce npokoeaea.
oan+uuu ua1epuanu
Pyeue
OK 21.03
Peuou1
OK 92.18
72
Hykone sa paspponnaue
u cuunaue
73
-ykoeefe sa paspponeaue u cuunaue oukuoeeuo ce npaenf of uaurauoea
cfouaua u nounkora of nnfa cfouaua. -ykoeefe fpnea pa ce uaeapnf oe pokafo
ca uoeu sa pa ce ypLnu ekcnnoafauuouuun uu ueof.
-ecfo usuoceuufe ykoee fpnea pa ce usrpapnf po ueoxopuuun pasuep npepu
pa Lpe uaeapeua noeLpxuocffa uu. Cnnaeufe sa usrpapaue ca OK 83.28 sa nefu
cfouauu u OK 67.45 unu OK 68.81 sa uaurauoeu cfouauu. Korafo ce usuckea nony-
aefouafuuo saeapneaue, sa nefufe cfouauu ce usnonsea OK Tubrodur 15.40 a sa
uaurauoeufe cfouauu - OK Tubrodur 14.71.
Rpu ykoee sa paspponeaue ua feku napefa no-popa ycfoueocf paea
unaeun uaeapeu uefan of OK 84.58 unu OK Tubrodur 15.52. 3a quuo
pasnpauaeaue e no-pope pa ce usnonsea uaeapeu uefan of OK 84.78 unu OK
Tubrodur 14.70, kofo e uuoro feLpp.
3a noppLpaue ua pasfoneuafa eaua u nonyaeaue ua enauafa qopua, pL-
oeefe u Lrnufe uoraf pa ce oqopunf c nouofa ua uepuu nnoku.
oan+uuu ua1epuanu
Hsrpaxpaue - nn1a c1ouaua
OK 83.28
OK Tubrodur 15.40
Hsrpaxpaue - uaurauona c1ouaua
OK 67.45
OK Tubrodur 14.71
Apasunuo usuocnaue
OK 84.78
OK Tubrodur 14.70
Apasunuo + ypapuo usuocnaue
OK 84.58
OK Tubrodur 15.52
Hocemu ponku
Rpu uaeapneaue ua fakuea acfu sa npepnoufaue e pa ce usnonsea
nopqnkcoeo saeapneaue unu saeapneaue c fpLua fen.
RLpeo ce uauacnf of epuu po fpu cnon (A), cnep koefo ce uauacn cnon (B), kakfo
e nokasauo ua qurypafa.
Korafo ce usnonsea fpLua fen , c eLnuoopasuu peueuun ce uauacnf uupoku
cnoeee.
Ako cnon (B) ce saeapnea pLuo, ueeoeefe ce uauacnf uanpeuo.
oan+uuu ua1epuanu
OK Tubrodur 15.40/CO2
OK 83.28
74
Kopnycu ua uamuuu
- peuou1 ua nykua1uuu n cun uyryu
Rykuafuuufe ce ofcfpauneaf pes pyeue c OK 21.03
Roprofoekafa ua ueea e U unu peycfpauuo U.
Ako e eLsuouo, pasnpocfpaueuuefo ua nykuafuuafa ce cnupa, kafo of peefe
cfpauu ce npouea no epuu ofeop. 3a uakcuuanua nkocf ce usnonsea OK 92.60 unu
OK Tubrodur 15.66. 3aeapnea ce ua kLcu ueeoee c 2.5 unu 3.2uu enekfpopu.
RpenopLea ce npokoeaeaue ua eceku uee uenocpepcfeeuo cnep ueroeofo uau-
acnue, sa pa ce userue cnykeaue ycnopepuo ua ueea e pesynfaf of ceueauefo npu
uscfueaue.
oan+uuu ua1epuanu
Pyeue
OK 21.03
Peuou1 ua nykua1uuu
OK 92.60
OK Tubrodur 15.66
75
Me1anuu maunu
- uuc1pyueu1u o1 uuckonerupaua
c1ouaua
Oqopuefe c uauuuua opaofka kauanefa cLc sakpLrneuu pLoee u c ueo-
xopuuafa paofua pLnuua, nnkc cLofeefuufe uspafuuu.
Ofcfpauefe ecuku ocfpu pLoee npepu noprpneaue u saeapneaue.
B saeucuuocf of pasuepa ua uucfpyueufa e ueoxopuuo noprpneaue of 150-
200C u uauacnue ua yqepeu cno c OK 68.82, kofo nornLa saeapLuufe
uanpeeuun.
B saeucuuocf of ueoxopuuafa peenuua ua noeLpxuocfuun cno, uaeapefe pea
unu fpu cnon c enekfpopa of Lpsopeea cfouaua OK 85.65. TeLppocffa ua OK
85.65 e npunusufenuo 60 HRC.
Tpnea pa ce ocurypu aeuo oxnapaue (ua "sakLfauo uncfo) u noeLpxuocffa pa
ce usunauqa po fouun pasuep.
oan+uuu ua1epuanu
OK 85.65
76
Opesonu uoxone sa c1ouaua
u ue1anu
Roepepeuufe pLoee fpnea pa ce usunaqaf u qpesufe pa ce noprpenf po
feunepafypa 350-500C, e saeucuuocf of peenuuafa. Ako e eLsuouo, uauecefe
epuu cno c OK 68.82 u oe pokafo e rope ro npokoeefe.
Hauacnf ce fecuu kLcu ueeoee c OK 85.65, koufo ce npokoeaeaf oe pokafo ca
uarpefu po epeeuo. Hsrpapa ce konkofo e ueoxopuuo sa pa uoe cnep foea pa
ce usunaqa po pasuepa. Teunepafypafa ua noprpneaue fpnea pa ce noppLpa
nocfonuua no epeue ua saeapneauefo, cnep koefo oxnapauefo pa cfaue aeuo,
e fonnousonauuoueu uafepuan.
Opaofeaeuocf: cauo unaqaue
oan+uuu ua1epuanu
Byqepeu cno
OK 68.82
OK 85.65
77
Mamuuu sa cuecnaue
u pas+pknaue
Hsnonsea ce uauunynafop, kofo pa noseonnea eLpfeue no epeue ua noprpneaue
u saeapneaue.
Cfpauuuafa soua (A) ce uaeapnea c epuu cno. BLpxa ua cfpauafa (B) ce uaeapnea
ua epuu unu pea cnon. Bana ce uaeapnea c uapnLuu ueeoee. Hakpan pLoeefe ce
unaqaf neko sa oqopunue ua npoquna.
B saeucuuocf of usuckeauafa feLppocf ce usnonseaf OK 93.06 unu OK 93.01.
oan+uuu ua1epuanu
OK 93.06 okono 42 HRC
OK 93.01 okono 55 HRC
78
Luekonu coupu
79
eqekfuun uafepuan ce ofcfpaunea npepu saeapneaue pes pyeue c OK 21.03
unu uuupreneue. Paofuufe pLoee ce uaeapneaf c usuocoycfoueu enekfpopu OK
83.65 unu OK 84.78, unu c fpLuu fenoee OK Tubrodur 14.70 unu OK Tubrodur 15.52.
3a uakcuuanua saufa of apasueuofo usuoceaue ce uauacnf pea unu
uakcuuyu fpu cnon.
Rpu eLscfauoeneaue ua pLoeefe u Lrnufe uoe pa ce usnonseaf uepuu nnoku,
koufo pa noppLpaf saeapLuafa eaua.
Haeapeuunf uefan uoe pa ce opaofea cauo pes unaqaue.
Cunuo usuoceuu uuekoee uoraf npepu uaeapneaue ua noeLpxuocffa pa ce
usrpapnf c OK 83.28.
3a pa ce uauanu usuoceauefo no epeue ua uaeapneaue, ueeoeefe fpnea pa ce
uauacnf e nocokafa e konfo ce peuu nofokLf of uafepuan npu paofa ua coupafa.
oan+uuu ua1epuanu
Pyeue
OK 21.03
Hsrpaxpaue
OK 83.28
OK 83.29
OK 84.78
OK Tubrodur 14.70
Yuepeuo apasunuo usuocnaue
OK 83.65
OK Tubrodur 15.52
X.n. - c+epuunnaue ua pencu
Pencufe of knacoee 700 u 900A ce noprpneaf po 350 u 400C.
3a ocurypneaue ua kopeuoeun uee ce usnonsea kepauuua nopnoka OK Backing
21.21.
Ocuoeafa ce saeapnea c fecuu ueeoee c OK 74.78.
3a oqopunue ua cfeuafa u rnaeafa ce usnonseaf uepuu qopuu u ce saeapnea
cLc cLun fun enekfpop. Ha-ropuun cno ce saeapnea c OK 83.28, c uupoku
ueeoee c eLnuoopasuu peueuun.
Fpyofo uuupreneue ce npaeu pokafo ueea e rope. Eaeuo oxnapaue ce
ocurypnea kafo souafa ua ueea ce nokpue c uuuepanua eafa. Cnep uscfueauefo ce
npaeu kpauofo oqopunue ua npoquna.
oan+uuu ua1epuanu
Ocurypnnaue ua kopeua
OK Backing 21.21
C+epuunnaue
OK 74.78
OK 83.28
80
X.n. - peuou1 ua pencu
- uanapnnaue
81
B+rnepopuo-uaurauon 1un pencu
Knac pencu 700 A noprpneaue 350C
900 A 400C
1100 A 450C
eqek1u no non+pxuoc11a ua pencu1e, n kpauma1a u uec1a1a ua npecuuaue
Moraf pa ce usnonseaf fecuu unu uupoku ueeoee c eLnuoopasuu peueuun.
4urypu A u B nokaseaf fexuukafa ua uauacnue ua uupoku ueeoee, cLofeefuo pLuo
enekfpopLroeo u c fpLeu fen.
Rounkora ce npenopLea no pLnuua ua pLa unu pLoeefe ua pencafa nLpeo
pa ce saeapu epuu noppLpa uee, npepu pa sanoue usrpapauefo ua rnaeafa.
TpLuufe fenoee ca uuoro nopxopnu sa uexauusupauo saeapneaue.
oan+uuu ua1epuanu
OK 83.27 unu OK Tubrodur 15.43, npunusufenuo 35 HRC
OK 83.28 unu OK Tubrodur 15.41, npunusufenuo 30 HRC
Ayc1euu1uo-uaurauon 1un
3aeapnea ce c fecuu ueeoee npu eLsuouo ua-uucka feunepafypa.
Ako e ueoxopuuo uauacnue ua noeee of fpu cnon, npepu uaeapneauefo ua noe-
Lpxuocffa fpnea pa ce uanpaeu usrpapaue c unae uepLpaeu uefan, OK 67.45
unu OK Tubrodur 14.71.
oan+uuu ua1epuanu
Hsrpaxpaue Hanapnnaue ua non+pxuoc11a
OK 67.45 OK 86.28
OK Tubrodur 14.71 OK Tubrodur 15.65
A. MHF/MAF
E. MHF/MAF
c fpLeu fen
3+u ua k+p1auu
Hsuoceuufe eLpxoee uoraf pa ce nopueunf c uoeu eLpxoee. 3a cLepuuneauefo
ce usnonseaf enekfpopufe OK 67.45 unu OK 68.82. RoeLpxuocffa ua uenun epLx u
eLfpeuuafa cfpaua ua sLa ce uaeapneaf c OK 84.78 unu OK 84.84, unu OK
Tubrodur 14.70 unu OK Tubrodur 15.80. Ofcfpauu sLufe uoe pa ce uaeapnf nop
qopuafa ua npepnasua uaxuafua upea.
oan+uuu ua1epuanu
C+epuunnaue
OK 67.45
OK 68.82
OK 84.78
OK Tubrodur 14.70
Cunuo apasunuo + ypapuo usuocnaue
OK 84.84
OK Tubrodur 15.80
82
Ponkonu 1pomauku
Ponkufe unu cueuneuu nnacfuuu ua fpouakufe ce npaenf of uaurauoea
cfouaua (ue uaruufua). Kakfo npu ecuku uaurauoeu cfouauu, nperpneauefo no
epeue ua saeapneaue fpnea pa ce usnrea.
Rpepu uaeapneaue, noeLpxuocffa fpnea pa ce noucfu u pa ce npoeepu sa ny-
kuafuuu. Rykuafuuufe fpnea pa ce uspynf c OK 21.03 u ofpeuoufupaf OK 67.45
unu OK Tubrodur 14.71.
OK 86.28 ce usnonsea sa pLuo uaeapneaue ua noeLpxuocffa, a OK Tubrodur
15.60 sa nonyaefouafuuo.
oan+uuu ua1epuanu
Pyeue
OK 21.03
Peuou1 ua nykua1uuu
OK 67.45
OK Tubrodur 14.71
OK 86.28
OK Tubrodur 15.60
83
Oc1pue1a ua rpena
Oukuoeeuo ocfpuefafa ce npaenf of sakaneua uuckonerupaua cfouaua.
C OK 67.45 unu OK 67.52 uoe pa ce usnLnuu cLepuuneaue es npepeapufenuo
noprpneaue. Roprpneaue ce usuckea npu saeapneaue ua no- peenu uafepuanu.
Leea e uuoro nnacfueu u uoe pa noeue cunuu saeapLuu uanpeeuun. Korafo
ce usuckea no-eucoka nkocf, ce usnonsea OK 68.82.
oan+uuu ua1epuanu
OK 67.45, OK 67.52
OK Tubrodur 14.71
OK 68.82
84
Banone
Hsrpaxpaue
efanufe ce noucfeaf pope u ce npernepaf sa nykuafuuu u ppyru peqekfu.
eqekfuun uafepuan ce ofcfpaunea pes uuupreneue unu pyeue. Ako ce uanara
uauuuua opaofka cnep uaeapneauefo, fpnea npepu foea pa ce uauanu pasuepa
ua eana c 5uu nop uouuuanuun.
Ako ce usnonseaf uucko nerupauu enekfpopu of funa OK 83.28, OK 74.78 unu OK
Tubrodur 15.40, uoe pa ce uanou noprpneaue npu eanoee c ronnu puauefLp unu
uspaofeuu of uafepuan c eucoko cLpLpauue ua eLrnepop unu nerupau eneueufu.
Ceq > 0.45-0.6 noprpneaue po okono 200C
Ceq > 0.6 noprpneaue po okono 350C
RpenopLufenuufe feunepafypu ua noprpneaue sa pasnuuufe uafepuanu u
peenuuu ca papeuu e fanuuafa ua cfpauuua 7.
OK 68.82, OK 67.45 u OK Tubrodur 14.71 uoraf pa ce usnonseaf es noprpneaue,
e saeucuuocf of puauefLpa ua eana.
C uen pa ce uauannf peqopuauuufe, nonarauefo ua uaeapeuun uefan ce
anaucupa, kakfo e nokasauo ua qurypafa. Cnep saeapneaue fpnea pa ce ocurypu
aeuo oxnapaue.
Rpu nonyaefouafuuo unu aefouafuuo saeapneaue ce usnonseaf pofafopu koufo
eLpfnf eana faka, e pa ce uauacnf oukonuu ueeoee c OK Tubrodur 15.40/OK Flux 10.71.
Cyneuu eanoee uoraf pa ce peuoufupaf c OK 74.78 unu OK 68.82. Rpu
saeapneauefo eaaf cLufe npaeuna sa noprpneaue, kakfo npu usrpapauefo.
Korafo e eLsuouo fpnea pa ce uanpaeu U-noprofoeka ua ueea.
oan+uuu ua1epuanu
cnep noprpnnaue
OK 83.28, OK 83.29
OK Tubrodur 15.40
OK Autrod 13.89
es noprpnnaue
OK 68.82
OK Autrod 16.76
OK 67.45, OK 67.52
OK Tubrodur 14.71
C+epuunnaue
OK 74.78, c noprpneaue
OK 68.82, noprpneaue ue e ueoxopuuo
85
3+u ua arepuu koqu
- ypapuo ua1onapnaue
86
3Lu koufo ce usuoceaf ocuoeuo of ypapuo uafoeapeaue, ecfo ce uspaofeaf of
uaurauoea aycfeuufua cfouaua. Tosu uafepuan fpnea pa ce saeapnea npu
eLsuouo ua-uucka feunepafypa. 3a usrpapaue ce usnonseaf OK 86.08 unu
OK Tubrodur 15.60. RoeLpxuocffa ua uoeu unu nonpaeeuu sLu ce uaeapnea c OK
84.58, unu OK Tubrodur 15.52, unu c OK 84.78 unu OK Tubrodur 14.70.
3Lu, koufo paofnf e epLp nncLk unu kauLuu, ce uaeapneaf c fLuku ueeoee no
pLnuua ua pefana, napanenuo ua peueuuefo ua uafepuana c kofo ce paofu,
eu qurypafa. Foneuufe napefa ckana u nopouu e ce peuaf no pLnuua ua
ropuun cno uaeapeu uefan es pa enusaf e koufakf c ocuoeuun uafepuan.
oan+uuu ua1epuanu
Hsrpaxpaue
OK 86.08
OK Tubrodur 15.60
OK 84.58
OK Tubrodur 15.52
OK 84.78
OK Tubrodur 14.70
87
3+u ua arepuu koqu
- apasunuo usuocnaue,
eposun o1 nnc+k
3Lu sa paofa e cunuo apasueua cpepa, kafo noea of quuu acfuuu, ecfo ce
uspaofeaf of sakaneua uucko nerupaua cfouaua, eLnpeku e nounkora ce usnonsea
u uaurauoea cfouaua, uaeapeua npofue usuoceaue kakfo e nokasauo ua qurypafa.
Hucko nerupauufe cfouauu ce noprpneaf po okono 200C. Maurauoeufe cfouauu ce
saeapneaf cfypeuu. Lapkafa no konfo ce uaeapnea u pascfonuuefo uepy
ueeoeefe okaseaf cunuo enunuue eLpxy uauua ua usuoceaue.
Fonnuafa acf of seuekonuufe uauuuu paofnf e ycnoeun, korafo noeLpxuocffa
e e koufakf cLc cuec of quu u no-rpy apasueeu uafepuan. Oukuoeeuo ce
usnonsea uapka "eaqneuu keappafu.
oan+uuu ua1epuanu
Hsrpaxpaue
OK 83.28
OK Tubrodur 15.40
OK 84.58
OK Tubrodur 15.52
OK 84.78
OK Tubrodur 14.70
3+u ua arepuu koqu
- n+sc1auonnnaue ua npepuun p+
Pesepeuufe pLoee oukuoeeuo ce npouseepaf of uaurauoea cfouaua, uo uoraf
pa Lpaf npouseepeuu u of sakanneua cfouaua. H e peafa cnyan cLepuuneauefo
ce npaeu c no-eucoko nerupau uepLpaeu poaeLeu uafepuan. Ako ce uanara
uaeapneaue ua noeLpxuocffa, eu npouepypafa sa uaeapneaue ua sLu ua rpena.
oan+uuu ua1epuanu
OK 67.45, OK 67.52
OK Tubrodur 14.71
88
uoe epLx
uefan ua ueea
usuoceu sL
3+uu nerna
3Luufe nerna oukuoeeuo ca npouseepeuu of uucko nerupaua, sakanneua
cfouaua. Pernafa ce saeapneaf kLu npepuun pL ua koqafa c OK 48.30, c
noprpneaue po 150-200C, unu c OK 67.52, OK 68.82 es noprpneaue. Haeapneaf ce
c OK 83.28 unu OK Tubrodur 15.40. Ako ce usuckea no-ronnua feLppocf, uoraf pa ce
usnonseaf OK 83.50 unu OK Tubrodur 15.52. Korafo koqafa e uanpaeeua of ue-
uaruufua cfouaua (uaurauoea cfouaua), sLuufe nerna ce saeapneaf c OK 67.45,
OK 67.52 unu OK 68.82 es noprpneaue.
oan+uuu ua1epuanu
C+epuunnaue
OK 48.30
OK 67.45, OK 67.52
OK 68.82
Hanapnnaue ua non+pxuoc11a 30-35 HRC
OK 83.28
OK Tubrodur 15.40
55-60 HRC
OK 83.50
OK Tubrodur 15.52
89
3neua ua r+ceuuuuu nepuru
Peuoufa ua eepurufe ce useLpuea, kafo kLu usuoceuufe seeua ce saeapneaf
npoqunu (uuuu).
3eeuofo ce noucfea. Luuafa ce npuxeaa, kafo ce ocfaen uepuua of 2-3uu.
Rocnepoeafenuocffa ua saeapneaue e nokasaua ua qurypafa. 3aeapneauefo
sanoea of ueufLpa e nocoka kLu kpauafa.
Ako seeuofo e uspaofeuo of uaurauoea cfouaua ce usnonsea cLafa npouepypa.
Ako usuoceuunf npoqun ua seeuofo e ce peuoufupa cauo pes uaeapneaue,
fpnea pa ce usnonseaf uepuu qopuu, koufo pa ocurypnf oqopunuefo ua npoquna.
oan+uuu ua1epuanu
C+epuunnaue:
OK Autrod 12.51
OK 68.82
OK Tubrodur 15.40
OK 83.50
OK 84.58
OK Tubrodur 15.52
90
Ponku ua r+ceuuuuu nepuru
BLscfauoeneauefo fpnea no eLsuouocf pa ce useLpuea ua aefouafuua uau-
uua sa oukonuu ueeoee, kafo ponkufe ce eLpfnf ua cfeup sa eLpfenueo peueuue.
PLuo unu nonyaefouafuuo saeapneaue uoe pa ce npunou kafo ce uauacnf
uanpeuu ueeoee.
Korafo ce usnonsea OK Tubrodur 15.40 ce uanara uuuuuanua uauuuua opa-
ofka, fL kafo noeLpxuocffa cnep saeapneauefo e cpaeuufenuo rnapka. 3aeapneau-
efo uoe pa ce usnLnuu nop qnkc, kafo ce usnonsea cLun fen e kouuuauun
c OK Flux 10.71.
Haeapeuun uefan ce noppaea ua uauuuua opaofka.
oan+uuu ua1epuanu
OK 83.28
OK 83.29
OK Tubrodur 15.40
91
Rerna ua knanauu
Pernafa ca uspaofeuu of nnfa unu koeaua cfouaua. B saeucuuocf of pasuepa
u cLcfaea, fe fpnea pa ce noprpneaf of 100 po 200C.
3a nocfuraue ua ua-popa feLppocf u koposuouua ycfoueocf e ueoxopuuo
saeapneauefo pa Lpe ua pea unu fpu cnon.
Oxnapauefo fpnea pa Lpe uuoro aeuo. BLnpeku e e uuoro unae u usu-
ocoycfoue, uaeapeuunf uefan uoe pa ce opaofea uexauuuo pes una-
qaue.
3a feunepafypu uap 500C ce usnonsea OK 93.06 - enekfpop, kofo paea
uaeapeu uefan ua koanfoea ocuoea.
Rpu feunepafypu nop 500C ce npenopLea OK 84.42 uepLpaeu enekfpop
c eucoko cLpLpauue ua xpou.
3a pousoeu uuLpu ce usnonsea OK 94.25.
oan+uuu ua1epuanu
OK 93.06 HRC 40-55
OK 84.42 HRC 44-49
OK 94.25
92
93
Hopp+pxamu ponku u aupaxu
ESAB OK 92.26 e ouasau enekfpop ua uukenoea ocuoea, nopxopn sa fpypuu
sa saeapneaue cfouauu. Eaupaufe u noppLpaufe ponku ce uypanf of uenpek-
Lcuafa nopppLka nopapu uanykeaue u ofyneaue ua napefa. EnekfpopLf
e nopxopn cLo u sa saeapneaue ua lnconel 600, ppyru nopouu lnconel cnnaeu u
sa kpuoreuuu cfouauu. Haeapeuunf uefan e fonnoycfoue u nopxopn sa
saeapneaue ua uapfeusufuu kLu aycfeuufuu cfouauu.
Tonkoeufe uenuuuu cLo ca nopnoeuu ua ypapuu uafoeapeauun, koufo eopnf
po uanykeaue e kpauufe yacfLuu.
Ako peqekfufe ua noppLpaufe ponku u aupaufe Lpaf ofkpufu uaepeue,
fe uoraf pa ce ofcfpaunf ua uncfo.
oan+uuu ua1epuanu
OK 92.26
94
Onmc u 1en sa 1n+ppocnnanuo
uanapnnaue
Mefop sa feLppocnnaeuo uaeapneaue npu kofo ce usnonsea uenerupau fen
saepuo c nerupau qnkcu, sa pocfuraue ua pasnuuu uuea ua feLppocf.
oan+uuu ua1epuanu
Ten
OK Autrod 12.10
4nkc
OK Flux 10.98/OK Autrod 12.10 HRC 25-30
Hueofo ua feLppocf saeucu of saeapLuofo uanpeeuue, ckopocffa ua
saeapneaue u usnasa ua enekfpopuun fen.
95
Rona1ku ua 1ypuuu
TeLppocnnaeuo uaeapneaue ua konena Pelton u Francis u ua ppyru kounoueufu ua
eopuu fypuuu of 13%Cr 4%Ni ueku uapfeusufuu cfouauu. Oxeauafu ca usnonseauu-
fe oukuoeeuo eupoee uepLpaeuu cfouauu X4CrNi13 4 u X5CrNiMo 16 5 1.
oan+uuu ua1epuanu
Filarc PZ 6156 13%Cr1.5%Ni uapfeusufua uepLpaeua cfouaua
Filarc PZ 6166 13%Cr4%Ni uapfeusufua uepLpaeua cfouaua
Filarc PZ 6176 13%Cr5%Ni uapfeusufua uepLpaeua cfouaua
3aufeu ras Ar 2%CO
2
Paofa c nocfonueu fok, (+) ua enekfpopa
96
Hs1ernnmu u ycyknamu ponku
TeLppocnnaeuo uaeapneaue ua ponku koufo ce usnonseaf npu npouseopcfeofo ua
uuuepanua eafa. Takuea ponku uoraf pa Lpaf uaeapeuu npeeaufueuo ua unkonko
cnon c Filarc PZ 6166S, OK Tubrodur 15.85 unu OK Tubrodur 15.91S
oan+uuu ua1epuanu
PZ 6166 13%Cr4%Ni uapfeusufua uepLpaeua cfouaua
OK Tubrodur 15.85 26%Cr4.5%Ni
fpLuu fenoee c uefaneu npax, usnonseaf ce cLc saufeu ras Ar 2%CO
2
OK Tubrodur 15.91S e fpLeu fen c uefanua cLpueeuua sa nopqnkcoeo
saeapneaue. Hsnonsea ce c OK Flux 10.92
97
Banuu sa uenpek+cua1o neeue
3a npenopLufenua npouepypa sa saeapneaue uoe pa ce ceLpefe c ua-nuskofo
npepcfaeufencfeo ua ESAB.
oaeLuufe uafepuanu cnepea pa uaeapnf uefan kofo uspLpa ua fepuueu
uok, apasueuo, koposuouuo u eposuouuo usuoceaue.
oan+uuu ua1epuanu
Rop cno of qnkc:
OK Tubrodur 15.71S sa sanLneau cnoeee
OK Tubrodur 15.72S 13%Cr N2 fen, uapfeusufeu uaeapeu uefan
OK Tubrodur 15.73S 13% Cr uapfeusufeu uaeapeu uefan
OK Tubrodur 15.79S 17% Cr
Hsnonseaf ce e kouuuauun c OK Flux 10.33
OK Band 11.82 17%Cr neufa sa saeapneaue c OK Flux 10.07
MHF/MAF:
OK Tubrodur 15.73
98
Peuou1 kopoua ua coupa
Peuouf ua coupa:
usrpapaue c OK 83.28, uaeapneaue
ua noeLpxuocffa c OK 84.84.
Rpepu peuoufa.
Cnep peuoufa.
99
Peuou1 ua pencu
CLepuuneaue ua pencu pes
saeapneaue eLe qopuu: OK 74.78
BLrnepopuo-uaurauoea penca:
OK Tubrodur 15.43
Mexauusupauo saeapneaue:
Railtrack BV/ OK Tubrodur 15.43
Peuouf ua nopkonaua of konenafa
penca. OK Tubrodur 15.43
100
Peuou1 ua pencu
Peuouf ua fpaueaua penca:
OK 67.52
Maurauoea penca:
OK Tubrodur 15.65
Tanuuu c pauuu sa poan+uuu1e
ua1epuanu
101
oan+uuu ua1epuanu
sa sanapnnaue ua uyryu
102
oan+uuu ua1epuanu sa yqepuu
cnoene, 1pypuu sa sanapnnaue
c1ouauu u pasuopopuu ua1epuanu
103
oan+uuu ua1epuanu sa yqepuu
cnoene, 1pypuu sa sanapnnaue
c1ouauu u pasuopopuu ua1epuanu
104
oan+uuu ua1epuanu sa PE3 ua
uaurauonu c1ouauu - npunoxeuue
npu ypapuo ua1onapnaue
105
Tp+uu 1enone sa sanapnnaue
ua uaurauonu c1ouauu - npunoxeuue
npu ypapuo ua1onapnaue
106
oan+uuu ua1epuanu sa sanapnnaue
ua uuc1pyueu1anuu c1ouauu u c1ouauu
sa pao1a npu nucoku 1eunepa1ypu
107
108
109
Enek1popu sa uanapnnaue
u usrpaxpaue
110
u usrpaxpaue
111
u usrpaxpaue
112
Tp+uu 1enone sa uanapnnaue
u usrpaxpaue
113
u usrpaxpaue
114
u usrpaxpaue
115
Hn+1uu 1enone sa uanapnnaue
u usrpaxpaue
116
oan+uuu ua1epuanu
sa une1uu ue1anu
117
oan+uuu ua1epuanu
sa une1uu ue1anu
118
119
Kopnyc ua nouna: OK 94.25.
Rufafeneu euuf: Haeapneaue c OK Tubrodur 14.70.
B+sc1auonnnaue ua nounu
u muekone
Cpanueuue ua ckanu1e
sa 1n+ppoc1
120
Bukepc Bpuuen Poknen Bukepc Bpuuen Poknen
HV HB HRB HRC HV HB HRB HRC
80 76.0 360 342 36.6
85 80.7 41.0 370 352 37.7
90 85.5 48.0 380 361 38.8
95 90.2 52.0 390 371 39.9
100 95.0 56.2 400 380 40.8
105 99.8 410 390 41.8
110 105 62.3 420 399 42.7
115 109 430 409 43.6
120 114 66.7 440 418 44.5
125 119 450 428 45.3
130 124 71.2 460 437 46.1
135 128 470 447 46.9
140 133 75.0 480 (456) 47.7
145 138 490 (466) 48.4
150 143 78.7 500 (475) 49.1
155 147 510 (485) 49.8
160 152 81.7 520 (494) 50.5
165 156 530 (504) 51.1
170 162 85.0 540 (513) 51.7
175 166 550 (523) 52.3
180 171 87.1 560 (532) 53.0
185 176 570 (542) 53.6
190 181 89.5 580 (551) 54.1
195 185 590 (561) 54.7
200 190 91.5 600 (570) 55.2
205 195 92.5 610 (580) 55.7
210 199 93.5 620 (589) 56.3
215 204 94.0 630 (599) 56.8
220 209 95.0 640 (608) 57.3
225 214 96.0 650 (618) 57.8
230 219 96.7 660 58.3
235 223 670 58.8
240 228 98.1 20.3 680 59.2
245 233 21.3 690 59.7
250 238 99.5 22.2 700 60.1
255 242 23.1 720 61.0
260 247 (101) 24.0 740 61.8
265 252 24.8 760 62.5
270 257 (102) 25.6 780 63.3
275 261 26.4 800 64.0
Cpanueuue ua ckanu1e
sa 1n+ppoc1
121
Bukepc Bpuuen Poknen Bukepc Bpuuen Poknen
HV HB HRB HRC HV HB HRB HRC
280 266 (104) 27.1 820 64.7
285 271 27.8 840 65.3
290 276 (105) 28.5 860 65.9
295 280 29.2 880 66.4
300 285 29.8 900 67.0
310 295 31.0 920 67.5
320 304 32.2 940 68.0
330 314 33.3
340 323 34.4
350 333 35.5
Huqopuauunfa e fasu fanuua uoe pa ce usnonsea cauo kafo uacoka.
122
Hacoku sa onpepennue nupa
ua ocuonuu1e ue1anu
Maruu1 Huneue Unn1 ua Hckpu npu Bup ue1an 3aenexka
non+pxuoc11a muuopreneue
Mek TLuuo cue Lnru Lnfu HuckoeLrnepopua -
nuuuu cfouaua*,
Pnfa cfouaua
TeLpp TLuuo cue Lnru BucokoeLrnepopua Roprpneaue ua no-
Lnfeuukaeo- cfouaua, feku pefanu po
enu nuuuu Hucko nerupaua 150C.
nnkc uckpu cfouaua
Maruufuu Mek Mafoeo cue -epeeuu -yryu Moe pa ce
uenf ua yryu nepecfu nuuuu noprpee,
Rpokoeaeauefo e
nonesuo,
Eaeuo oxnapaue
TeLpp Enecfn cue XLnfeuukaeo- 13% xpouoea Moe pa ce noprpee
epeeuu rpyu cfouaua
nuuuu
TeLpp Mafoeo cue XLnfeuukaeo- 14% uaurauoea Hucka feunepafypa
uenf ua yryu enu nuuuu u cfouaua ua uepuuuufe
uckpu cnoeee
Mek Hpko cpepucfo XLnfeuukaeo- Aycfeuufua Hucka feunepafypa
cue epeeuu rpyu uepLpaeua ua uepuuuufe
Heuaruufuu
nuuuu cfouaua cnoeee
Mek -epeeuukaeo- Hnua eupuuu Mepuu cnnaeu Roprpneaue ua
Lnf necfn uckpu roneuu pefanu
po 200-300C
Mek Enecfn, uuoro Hnua eupuuu Anyuuuueeu Roprpneaue ua
ceefLn uckpu cnnaeu roneuu pefanu
po 150-200C
* Buuueuue: -yryua e eucoko eLrnepopeu uafepuan nopafnue ua cnykeaue, pokafo nnfafa cfouaua uua
xapakfepucfuku nopouu ua fesu ua oukuoeeua cfouaua.
123
BLscfauoeneaue ua eanoee.
oaeLuu uafepuanu: OK Tubrodur 15.73/OK Flux 10.37.
Oopypeaue: ESAB A6 nopqnkcoea rnaea sa feLk peuu ua paofa.
B+sc1auonnnaue ua nanone
Asyueu ykasa1en
ua npunoxeuun1a
124
3apeueao sLuo koneno: npeeaufueuo uaeapneaue c OK 83.28.
B asyuun ykasafen u e paspena "Rpunoeuun u unkcfpauuu e uauepufe pea
unu fpu nopxopnu sa eauefo npunoeuue poaeLuu uafepuana. B asyuun
ykasafen unua koueufapu ofuocuo ofpenuufe poaeLuu uafepuanu. Koueufapu
uoraf pa Lpaf uauepeuu e paspena "Rpunoeuun u unkcfpauuu u/unu e fanuuufe
c uuqopuauun sa poaeLuufe uafepuanu.
C fesu unkcfpauuu, koueufapu, ykasafenu, uuqopuauuouuu fanuuu sa ofpenuufe
poaeLuu uafepuanu u c uauun "HapLuuk no 3aeapneaue ce uapneaue pa eu
nouorueu e npaeunuun usop ua uafepuan.
Ako ce uypaefe of no-pefanua uuqopuauun, uonn pa ce oLpuefe kLu ua-
nuskun npepcfaeufen ua ESAB unu pa noseLuufe pupekfuo e ESAB.
Asyueu ykasa1en ua
npunoxeuun1a ua poan+uuu1e
ua1epuanu
125
oan+uuu ua1epuanu
Hpunoxeuue Enek1popu PE3 Tp+uu 1enone Hn+1uu 1enone
OK OK Tubrodur OK Autrod
Anyuuuu 96.20 96.10 18.01 18.04 18.15
Anyuuuueeu cnnaeu ofnueku 96.50 18.04 18.05
Acqanfoe uukcep 84.78 83.65 15.52 14.70
Acqanfoe pasLpkea euuf 84.78 83.65 15.52 14.70
Eefouoe uukcep 84.78 84.84 15.52 14.70 15.80
Eefouoe nufafen 84.58 84.78 84.84 15.52 14.70 15.80
Epukefua npeca 83.65 84.78 84.84 15.40 15.52 13.90
Epous kLu cfouaua 94.25 94.55 19.30
Banoee nerupauu 68.82 15.73 16.75
Banoee uenerupauu 68.81 83.28 14.71 15.41 16.75
Banuu (uefanypruuu) 15.73
Bepuru ua koueeepu 83.65 83.50 84.58 15.52 15.80
Bepueu fpuou (eopau) 93.06
Bepuuu seeua (ua fpakfopu) 68.81 68.82 13.09 12.51 16.75
Bepuuu konena (ua fpakfopu) 83.28 83.29 15.40
Bupo-yneu 84.58 84.78 83.65 15.52 14.70 13.91
BLrnepopua kLu uepLpaeua
cfouaua 68.81 68.82 67.45 16.75 16.95
Fopckocfonaucku uauuuu-ap. 83.50 83.65 15.52 15.73 13.89 13.91
Fpena pLoee 68.82 67.45 83.50 16.75 16.95 13.90
Fpena saeapneaue ua
eLpxoeefe ua sLufe 68.82 67.45 67.52 14.71 16.75 16.95
Fpena ua ckpenepu 83.65 83.78 84.84 15.52 15.80 13.90 13.91
eurafeneu nok anyuuuu 96.50 18.05
eurafeneu nok yryu 92.18 92.60 15.66
ksu ua ekcfpypepu 85.58 92.35
Ekcfpypepuu euufoee 93.06 92.35 15.86
Ekcfpypepuu pksu nnacfuaca 85.58 93.06 15.86
Ekcueufpuuu ponku 84.52 84.58 85.65 15.52 15.73 13.90 13.91
3apeueau konena (fypuuu) 83.50 84.58 84.78 15.52 14.70 15.80 13.90 13.91
3Leu pLpa (rpena) 83.28 83.50 15.40 15.52 13.89 13.91
3Lu ua arepu (apasueuo) 84.78 83.65 83.50 15.52 14.70 15.80 13.91
3Lu ua arepu (ypapuo) 86.08 83.28 84.58 15.60 15.52 16.95 13.89
3Lu ua kauano-konaku 83.50 86.28 67.52 15.52 14.71
3Lu ua kynfueafopu 68.81 16.75
Hucfpyueufu sa aunoeaue 85.58 92.35
Kanaeu pous 94.25 19.12
Kopnyc ua ckopocfua npepaeka 92.18 92.60 15.66
Kopnyc ua cLepuuufen 92.18 92.60 15.66
Kouycua fpouaka 86.08 86.28 84.78 15.60 15.65 15.80
Koqu ua ekckaeafopu 84.78 83.65 83.50 14.70 15.52 13.91
Koqu ua pparu - apasueuo 84.78 83.65 14.70 15.52 13.90 13.91
Kpauoeo koneno 83.27 83.28 83.29 15.40 15.41 15.42 13.89
Peue 84.78 84.58 83.50 14.70 15.52 13.90 13.91
Pnfa cfouaua 68.81 68.82
Asyueu ykasa1en ua npunoxeuun1a
ua poan+uuu1e ua1epuanu
126
oan+uuu ua1epuanu
Hpunoxeuue Enek1popu PE3 Tp+uu 1enone Hn+1uu 1enone
OK OK Tubrodur OK Autrod
Maurauoea cfouaua 86.08 67.45 68.81 15.60 14.71 16.95 16.75
Mafpuuu (ropeo) 85.58 92.35 93.01
Mafpuuu (cfypeuo) 84.52 85.65
Mepuu cnnaeu 94.25 94.55
Mep kLu cfouaua 94.25 92.86
Mefanua auna (cfypeuo) 85.65
Mefanua auna (ropeo) 92.35 93.06 15.86
HepLpaeua kLu eLrnepopua
cfouaua 68.81 68.82 67.45 14.71 16.95 16.75
Huken-uep (Mouen uefan) 92.86
Rufafenuu euufoee 83.50 84.58 84.84 15.52 15.80 13.90 13.91
Rpepaeku - nerupaua cfouaua 68.81 68.82 15.40 13.89 16.75
Rpepaeku uenerupaua cfou. 83.28 68.81 15.17 15.40 12.51 13.89 16.75
Rpoueaue 21.03
Rpoo (cfypeuo) 85.65 84.52
Rpoo (ropeo) 85.58 93.06 15.86
Rpyuuua cfouaua 68.81 68.82 16.95
RncLkocfpyeue ekunupoeka 83.65 84.58 84.78 15.52 15.80 13.90 13.91
PasLpkeau nonafku 84.58 84.78 84.84 15.52 14.70 15.80 13.90 13.91
Pencu (eLrnepopua cfouaua) 83.27 83.28 15.41 15.43
Pencu (uaurauoea cfouaua) 86.28 86.30 15.65
Peeu uucfpyueufu (cfypeuo) 85.65 84.52
Peeu uucfpyueufu (ropeo) 85.58 93.65 92.35
Pasuopopuu uefanu (saeap.) 68.81 68.82 16.75
Ponku ua fpouaku-apasueuo 83.65 83.50 84.78 15.52 14.70 15.80
Ponku ua fpouaku - ypapuo 86.08 86.28 84.58 15.60 15.65 15.52
Pyeue 23.01
Pnsaue 23.01
Cepepna (uefan) 85.65
Cepepna (pLpeo) 84.52 85.65
Cenckocfonaucku uucfpyueufu 83.50 83.65 84.78 15.52 14.70 13.90 13.91
Ceka 84.52 85.65
Cunuuuee pous 94.55
Coupu sa noea u ckanu 83.65 84.78 84.84
Coupu sa noea 84.84 83.28
Cnupanuu koueeepu 83.50 83.65 84.78 15.52 15.80 13.91
Cnupaua enkcf 83.28 83.50 15.40 15.52
Tpouaku (apasueuo) 83.65 83.50 84.78 15.52 14.70
Tpouaku (ypapuo) 86.28 68.82 84.58 15.60 15.65 15.40
4pesa sa uefan 85.58 85.65
4pesa sa pLpeo 85.65
-yryu (cue) 92.18 92.58 92.60 15.66
-yryu (cqeporpaqufeu) 92.58 92.60 15.66
-ykoee (apas.) 83.50 83.65 84.78 15.52 15.80 13.91 13.90
-ykoee (ypapu) 86.28 86.08 15.60 15.65
Ykasa1en ua poan+uuu1e
ua1epuanu
127
Enek1popu sa PE3 DIN AWS C1pauuua
OK 21.03 11
OK 67.42 E 8-UM-200-CKZ ~E307-26 103
OK 67.45 E 8-UM-200-CKZ ~E307-15 103
OK 67.52 E 8-UM-200-CKZ ~E307-26 103
OK 68.81 E 9-UM-200-CKZ E312-17 103
OK 68.82 E 9-UM-200-CKZ 103
OK 83.27 E 1-UM-350 110
OK 83.28 E 1-UM-300 110
OK 83.29 E 1-UM-300 110
OK 83.30 E 1-UM-300 110
OK 83.50 E 6-UM-55-G 110
OK 83.65 E 4-UM-60-G 111
OK 84.42 E 5-UM-45-R 111
OK 84.52 E 6-UM-55-R 107
OK 84.58 E 6-UM-55-G 112
OK 84.78 E 10-UM-60-GZ 112
OK 84.80 E 10-UM-65-GZ 112
OK 84.84 E 10-UM-60-GP 112
OK 85.58 E 3-UM-50-ST 107
OK 85.65 E 4-UM-60-ST 107
OK 86.08 E 7-UM-200-K 105
OK 86.20 E 7-UM-200-K 105
OK 86.28 ~E 7-UM-200-K E FeMn-A 105
OK 86.30 E 7-UM-200-KR 105
OK 91.58 E Fe B2 102
OK 92.05 EL-NiTi 3 117
OK 92.18 E Ni BG 11 E Ni-Cl 102
OK 92.26 EL-NiCr 15 FeMn E NiCrFe-3 103
OK 92.35 E 23-UM-250-CKT 107
OK 92.58 E NiFe-1-BG 11 E NiFe-Cl 102
OK 92.60 E NiFe-1-BG 11 E NiFe-Cl 102
OK 92.78 E NiCu-BG 31 E NiCu-B 102
OK 92.86 E NiCu 30 Mn 117
OK 93.01 E 20-UM-55-CSTZ E CoCr-C 108
OK 93.06 E 20-UM-40-CTZ E CoCr-A 108
OK 93.07 E 20-UM-300-CKTZ 108
OK 93.12 E 20-UM-50-CTZ E CoCr-B 108
OK 94.25 EL-CuSn7 E CuSn-C 117
OK 94.55 EL-CuSi3 E CuSi-C 117
OK 96.10 EL-Al99.5 E1100 117
OK 96.20 EL-AlMn1 117
OK 96.50 EL-AlSi12 117
ua1epuanu
128
Tp+uu 1enone DIN AWS C1pauuua
OK Tubrodur 14.70 MF-10-55-GPTZ 113
OK Tubrodur 14.71 MF8-200-CKPZ 103
OK Tubrodur 15.39 MF1-300 113
OK Tubrodur 15.50 MF6-55-GP 114
OK Tubrodur 15.60 MF7-200-KP 106
OK Tubrodur 15.65 MF7-200-GKPR 106
OK Tubrodur 15.66 E NiFe-Cl 102
OK Tubrodur 15.73 MF5-45-RTZ 114
OK Tubrodur 15.81 MF6-60-G 115
OK Tubrodur 15.82 MF10-65-GRPZ 115
OK Tubrodur 15.84 MF3-50-ST 108
OK Tubrodur 15.86 MF20-40-CTZ 108
Tenone sa nopqnmcono
sanapnnaue
OK Tubrodur 15.40S UP1-GF-BAB 167-350 113
OK Tubrodur 15.42S UP1-GF-BAB 167-400 113
OK Tubrodur 15.52S UP6-GF-BAB 167-60-GP 114
OK Tubrodur 15.65S UP7-GF-BFB 155-250-GKPR 106
OK Tubrodur 15.73S UP5-GF-BFB- 114
Hn+1uu 1enone
OK Autrod 13.89 MSG2-GZ-350-P 116
OK Autrod 13.90 MSG2-GZ-50-G 116
OK Autrod 13.91 MSG6-GZ-60-G 116
OK Autrod 16.75 MSG9-GZ-200-CTZ 104
OK Autrod 16.95 MSG8-GZ-200-CKNPZ 104
OK Autrod 18.01 SG-Al99.5 ER1100 118
OK Autrod 18.04 SG-AlSi5 ER4043 118
OK Autrod 18.05 SG-AlSi12 ER4047 118
OK Autrod 18.15 SG-AlMg5 ER5356 118
OK Autrod 19.12 SG-CuSn ERCu 118
OK Autrod 19.30 SG-CuSi3 ERCuSi-A 118
OK Autrod 19.40 SG-CuAl8 ErCuAl-A1 118
OK Autrod 19.85 SG-NiCr 20Nb ErNiCr-3 118
ua1epuanu
129
Hn+1uu 1enone sa
BHF sanapnnaue DIN AWS C1pauuua
OK Tigrod 18.01 SG-Al99.5 ER1100 118
OK Tigrod 18.04 SG-AlSi5 ER4043 118
OK Tigrod 18.15 SG-AlMg5 ER5356 118
OK Tigrod 19.12 SG-CuSn ERCu 118
OK Tigrod 19.30 SG-CuSi3 ERCuSi-A 118
OK Tigrod 19.40 SG-CuAl8 ErCuAl-A1 118
OK Tigrod 19.85 SG-NiCr 20Nb ErNiCr-3 118
130
Benexku
131
Benexku
ESAB office Bulgaria
Phone: +359 2 9744288, Fax: +359 2 9744288
Web: www.esab.bg
ESAB 1904-2004
A CENTURY OF INNOVATION IN
WELDING & CUTTING
Phone: +359 2 9744288
Fax: +359 2 9744288
Web: www.esab.bg
Hap+uuux no sanapnnaue
npu peuou1 u n+sc1auonnnaue
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ESAB R&M Handbook Bulg Final

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ESAB 1904-2004

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