TEXT 8 RURAL DEVELOPMENT IN INDONESIA A desa (village) is a legal entit !

a te""it#"ial $nit ad%inist"ativel s$&'e(t t# a )e(a%atan (s$& * dist"i(t)+ A desa s,ada a (a sel- * .el/) is a t"aditi#nal s#(iet ! t.e e(#n#%i( (#nditi#ns #- ,.i(. a"e -ai"l ade0$ate t# %eet its /"i%a" needs #nl + S$(. )ind #- village %a devel#/ int# a desa se,)a" a (sel- 1 #/e"ating village)! %#stl as a "es$lt #e2te"nal in-l$en(es int"#d$(ing a//"#/"iate te(.n#l#g + In a %#"e advan(e stage #- t.e village is te"%ed desa s,ase%&ada a devel#/ed village+ T.e %a'#"it #- t.e /#/$lati#n iInd#nesia! a&#$t 83+4 /e" (ent! live in t.e "$"al a"eas! (#%/"ising 56!738 villages+ T.e )e(a%atan a"e /"esentl $ni-#"% #"gans! ,.i(. is n#t t.e (ase ,it. villages .aving va"i#$s #"gani9ati#nal st"$(t$"es and &eing in di--e"ent stages #- devel#/%ent and g"#,t.+ T.e %anage%ent #- a village in(l$des #/e"ati#ns t# a%alga%ate -a(t#"s "e0$isite -#" a &alan(ed g"#,t.+ T.ese a"e inte"nal and e2te"nal -a(t#"s! t"aditi#n! "ese"ves and #t.e" l#(al /#tentials t# -a(ilitate an e--e(tive and /"#/#"ti#nate devel#/%ent+ In t.e a//"#a(.es #t.e villages! it is "e(#gni9ed t.at a desa is inte"de/endent t# t.ei" villages (desa 1 desa)! and s.#$ld &e vie,ed in t.e (#nte2t #- its )e(a%atan (s$& * dist"i(t)! a /a"t #- a %#"e e2tensive $nit+ As s$(. a village s.#$ld &e (#nside"ed e2isting in a %#"e e2/anded "at.e" t.an in an is#lated s ste%+ T.is is (alled t.e "egi#nal a//"#a(.+ T.e s$((ess #- se(t#"al /"#g"a%%e d#es n#t ne(essa"il &"ing a&#$t s$((ess in t.e #t.e" se(t#" and %$(. less in t.e s$((ess in t.e s$((ess #- devel#/%ent #- a desa as #ne entit + T.e /"#&le%s a"e inte""elated and need an integ"ated #" dis(i/lina" a//"#a(.+ In t.e atte%/ts #- devel#/%ent t.e village! t.e .$%an -a(t#" is #- t.e $t%#st i%/#"tan(e+ R$"al devel#/%ent! t.e"e-#"e! a//lies (#%%$nit a//"#a(. t# in("ease t.e a,a"eness and $nde"standing #- t.e /e#/le as t# t.ei" "ig.t and t.ei" "es/#nsi&ilities+

TE:S 8 PEM;AN<UNAN PEDESAAN DI INDONESIA

A =desa= (desa) adala. &adan .$)$%! $nit te"it#"ial ad%inist"ati- di)ena)an =)e(a%atan= (s$& 1 dist"i))+ A =desa s,ada a= (sel- 1 .el/) adala. %as a"a)at t"adisi#nal! )#ndisi e)#n#%i ang ($)$/ %e%adai $nt$) %e%en$.i )e&$t$.an $ta%an a sa'a+ Se/e"ti 'enis desa da/at &e")e%&ang %en'adi =desa se,)a" a= (sel- 1 desa #/e"asi)! se&agian &esa" se&agai a)i&at da"i /enga"$. e)ste"nal %e%/e")enal)an te)n#l#gi te/at g$na+ Pada ta.a/ ang le&i. %a'$ da"i desa dise&$t =desa S,ase%&ada= se&$a. desa ang di)e%&ang)an+ Ma #"itas /end$d$) 'i)a Ind#nesia! se)ita" 83!4 /e"sen! tinggal di dae"a. /edesaan! ang te"di"i da"i 56+738 desa+ T.e =)e(a%atan= ang saat ini #"gan se"aga%! ang tida) te"'adi dengan desa1desa ang %e%ili)i &e"&agai st"$)t$" #"ganisasi dan &e"ada dala% &e"&agai ta.a/ /e")e%&angan dan /e"t$%&$.an+ Pengel#laan desa te"%as$) #/e"asi $nt$) %engga&$ng)an -a)t#"1-a)t#" ang di/e"l$)an $nt$) /e"t$%&$.an ang sei%&ang+ Ini adala. -a)t#" inte"nal dan e)ste"nal! t"adisi! (adangan dan /#tensi l#)al lainn a $nt$) %e%-asilitasi /enge%&angan ang e-e)ti- dan /"#/#"si#nal+ Dala% /ende)atan desa! dia)$i &a.,a se&$a. =desa= adala. saling &e"gant$ng )e desa %e"e)a (desa 1 desa)! dan .a"$s dili.at dala% )#nte)s ang =)e(a%atan= (s$& 1 dist"i))! &agian da"i ang le&i. l$as Unit+ Se&agai desa te"se&$t .a"$s di/e"ti%&ang)an ang ada se(a"a le&i. di/e"l$as &$)an dala% se&$a. siste% ang te"is#lasi+ Ini dise&$t /ende)atan "egi#nal+ :e&e".asilan /"#g"a% se)t#"al tida) selal$ %e%&a,a )e&e".asilan di se)t#" lain dan 'a$. le&i. sedi)it dala% )e&e".asilan dala% )e&e".asilan /enge%&angan =desa= se&agai sat$ )esat$an+ Masala. ang saling te")ait dan /e"l$ /ende)atan te"/ad$ ata$ disi/lin+ Dala% $/a a /e%&ang$nan desa! -a)t#" %an$sia adala. ang /aling /enting+ Pe%&ang$nan /edesaan! #le. )a"ena it$! %engg$na)an /ende)atan %as a"a)at $nt$) %ening)at)an )esada"an dan /e%a.a%an %as a"a)at %engenai .a) %e"e)a dan tangg$ng 'a,a& %e"e)a+