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1: : 'o ccr':, '|' ROHIT SINGHAL, 'udcn'
o C| Xll ^, YUVA SHAKTI MODEL
SCHOOL | co:|c'cd 'c |rojcc' ':'cd ~TO
Study The Change In E.M.F Of a DANIEL
CELL` due to Various Factors Such as Change
In CONCENTRATION,TEMPERATURE &
AREA OF ELECTRODE undcr :, qu:d|ncc ;
co:|c'cd :' 'o :, 'o'| |':|c':on.
!r.|n': )|:c|ndr|n. l|'c.-
(1c|ccr :qn|'urc)
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l' q:vc :c qrc|' |c|urc 'o cx|rc :, qr|':'udc
'o.|rd our cc::'r, 'c|ccr !r. Shanthi
1aichandran or cr qu:d|ncc, u||or' |nd
cncour|qc:cn' 'rouqou' 'c dur|':on o 'c
|rojcc'. \:'ou' cr :o':v|':on |nd c| 'c
ucccu co:|c':on o ': |rojcc' .oud no' |vc
ccn |o:c.
ko:' :nq|
Xll-^
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Chettve
1c qo| o ': |rojcc'
l 'o 'ud, 'c c|nqc :n L.:. o |
l|n:c cc
luc 'o v|r:ou |c'or uc |
C|nqc :n conccn'r|':on, 'c:|cr|'urc
^nd
^rc| o ccc'rodc.
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MateraIs and
tuuoment
To do this experiment we will need the Iollowing materials and
equipment:
Two beakers.
Zinc and Copper plate.
Filter paper.
Voltmeter.
Connecting wires.
Card board.
KNO3 solution.
1 M, 0.1M, 0.01 M solution oI :-
a. CuSO4
b. ZnSO4
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1aneI CeII
When an external circuit is connected, the chemical equation for the
zinc side (anode) half cell is:
Zn (s) Zn
2+
(aq) + 2 e
-
For the copper sulphate side (cathode) half cell:
Cu
2+
(aq) + 2 e
-
Cu (s)
Therefore, the overall reaction of the Daniel cell is:
Zn (s) + Cu
2+
(aq) Zn
2+
(aq) + Cu (s)
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Intrtdutttn
It |s an arrangement to convert the chem|ca| energy of the redox
react|on |nto e|ectr|c energy.
Zn (s) - Cu
2-
(aq) Zn
2-
(aq) - Cu (s)
Features of Daniel Cell:-
Zinc rod at wbicb oxidation occurs is called tbe
anode wbile tbe copper rod at wbicb tbe reduction
takes place is called catbode.
Tbe overall reaction occurring in electrocbemical
cell is due to two balf-cell reaction, one occurring in
eacb beaker.
Tbe balf-cell reaction occurring at anode is called
oxidation -balf cell reaction wbile tbe occurring at
catbode is called reduction.
Tbe two balf-cell reactions always take place
simultaneously i.e. . . Half cell reaction cannot take
place immediately.
Since electrons are produced at zinc electrode, it is
ricb in electrons and pulls tbese electrons into tbe
external circuit and bence acts as negative pole. Tbe
copper electrode on tbe otber band is deficient in
electrons and tbus pulls tbe electrons from tbe
external circuit and act as positive pole.
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Tbe electrons flow from negative pole to positive
pole in tbe external circuit. However,
conventionally tbe current is said to flow in
opposite direction i.e. from positive pole to negative
pole in tbe external circuit.
Tbe concentration of copper sulpbate solution
decreases witb passage of time as tbe cell operates,
consequently tbe current fall witb passage of time.
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SaIt 1rdee t
It consists of a tube filled witb semi-solid paste
obtained by adding gelative or agar to tbe solution
of strong electrolyte sucb as Nacl , NH4NO3.KNO3
etc, which does not change chemically during
the process.
tuntttn tI saIt hrdeet
To complete tbe electrical circuit by allowing tbe
solution to flow from one solution to anotber
witbout mixing tbe two solutions.
To maintain electrical neutrality of solution in two
balf-cells.
tMt tI CeIIst
Wben a current flows tbrougb two points a
potential difference generated by a cell wben tbe
cell draws no current is called EMF.
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lroccdurc
I. Take two beakers and pour tbe required
cbemicals in respective beaker and mark tbem
for identification.
II. Take two square to slide in and connecting wire
to tbeir screw.
III. Connect negative of tbe voltmeter to tbe anode
and its positive to tbe catbode
IV. Take filter paper long enougb to dip into botb
tbe solution. Dip tbe filter paper in KNo3
solution and put it as a salt bridge.
V. Put on tbe electrode voltmeter set up. Note tbe
reading quickly and tben put of tbe electrode
voltmeter set up.
VI. For measuring variation witb temperature witb
cbange in area of electrode use tbe different
size of electrode and tben do step 5 again.
VII. For measuring variation witb temperature beat
tbe solution and tben do step 5 again.
VIII. For measuring variations witb cbange in
concentration of electrolyte ,use tbe
electrolytes of different molarity and tben do
step 5 again.
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Ocrv|':on.-
Electrode Potential of Zinc =......V
Electrode Potential of Copper=....V
\|r:|':on .:' Conccn'r|':on.-
Mo|ar|ty of
CuSO4(M)
Mo|ar|ty of
ZnSO4(M)
Vo|tmeter kead|ng
(V)
\|r:|':on .:' c|nqc :n |rc| o
ccc'rodc.-
Witb increase in area or decrease in area of electrode
EMF of cell remains same.
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\|r:|':on .:' 'c:|cr|'urc.-
Cuo
=
(
.
c) Zno
=
(
.
c) \o':c'cr
kc|d:nq(\)
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Concu:on.-
Tbe EMF varies non-linearly witb cbange in
concentration of reactants.
Increase in concentration of ions in anode balf-cell
decreases EMF and vice-verse.
Tbe EMF is independent of area of electrode.
Tbe EMF increases witb increase in temperature.
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