RESEARCH PROPOSAL Analysis on the Translation of English Ellipsis into Indonesian

Research Proposal Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment for the requirement of Magister Degree in umaniora Ma!oring in Translation "unadarma #ni$ersity

Intan Firdaus %&'()('(

"#*ADARMA #*I+ERSIT,
-A.ARTA /((%

RESEARCH PROPOSAL
TOPIC0 Analysis on the Translation of English Ellipsis into Indonesian INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Re earch In this part of the study the researcher is going to describe the !ustification of the research1 pre$ious research1 position of the research1 problem of the research1 aim of the research significance of the research1 and scope of the research2 1.1.1 !u t"f"cat"on of the re earch In this study the researcher 3ants to find out ho3 English Ellipsis is translated into Indonesian and 3hether there are any shifts or omission in the process of translation in order to find out the equi$alent2 English Ellipsis is different 3ith Indonesian Ellipsis2 4e can say Marry buys a jacket and John a camera2 5ut 3e can not translate it into Indonesian Marry membeli baju dan John kamera. Therefore the researcher 3ishes to conduct this study to see ho3 the difference bet3een English ellipsis and Indonesian ellipsis2 It is important to carry out this research since Ellipsis in the Indonesian language is different 3ith English2 Therefore 3e 6no3 ho3 to translate English Ellipsis into Indonesian2 1.1.# Pre$"ou re earche Researcher conducted so far 3hich are in 3ay rele$ant to the researcher7s studies are follo3s0 '2'2/2' Soepomo Poed!osoedarmo 8/((&91 conducted research entitled1 :Ellipsis in Indonesian and -a$anese;2 In this research1 he discussed ellipsis in Indonesian and -a$anese1 especially from the point of $ie3 of its meanings and conte<ts of use2 e hoped that this study 3ill shed some light on processes 3hich result in grammatical change1 especially the loss of grammatical items such as focus particles1 phrase lin6ers and $erbal affi<es1 all of 3hich ha$e occurred to some degree in -a$anese and Indonesian2

'2'2/2/ Darna 8'%%=91 conducted research to get a Master Degree at #ni6a Atma -aya2

conducted a research 3hich entitled Ellipsis of Noun Phrase in English and Indonesian 2 In his thesis1 he discussed the difference and the similarity of deletion both in English and Indonesian2 '2'2/2> 5ernhard Sch3ar? 8/(((91 conducted research to get a Doctor Philosophy Degree at #ni$ersity of Massachusetts Amherst2 the term2 1.1.% Po "t"on of the Re earch The study that the researcher 3ill conduct is an analysis of the translation of English Ellipsis 3hich is not co$ered by the abo$e rele$ant study2 In the first pre$ious research1 3hich is Soepomo1 he analy?ed about Ellipsis in Indonesian and -a$anese2 This research is related to his research because it also discussed about ellipsis2 Mean3hile this research discusses ho3 English Ellipsis translated into Indonesian2 From the second pre$ious research1 3hich is Darna1 e analy?ed ellipsis noun phrase on e 3rote a research 3hich entitled Topics in Ellipsis2 This dissertation e<plores ellipsis in both the broader and the narro3er sense of

English and Indonesian2 The similarity is it7s also discussed about ellipsis2 The difference is this research Danra7s research comparing the ellipsis of noun phrase bet3een English and Indonesian@ mean3hile1 this research is trying to find out ho3 English ellipsis translated into Indonesian2 From the third pre$ious research1 3hich is 5ernhard1 he analy?ed topics in ellipsis2 e

e<plored ellipsis in both the broader and narro3er sense of the term2 The similarity is he also discussed about Ellipsis2 The difference is it discussed the sense of the term1 mean3hile this research discussed ho3 the translated is from English ellipsis into Indonesian2

1.1.&

S"gn"f"cance of the re earch Analy?ing translation gi$es many inputs and information for teachers1 learners1 and

particular discipline2 First for the English and Indonesian teacher1 this research 3ill impro$e

the quality of teaching2 5y analy?ing translation sheAhe 3ill be able to determine 3hat method heAshe should use to achie$e better result in the process of teaching2 Mean3hile for the English learners1 analy?ing translation is useful to help and guide them in studying the English Ellipsis2 This research sho3s ho3 English Ellipsis translated into Indonesian2 In addition1 learners can decide the best strategies in studying English as a second language1 and they can enrich their 6no3ledge about English and Indonesian Ellipsis2 In conclusion1 theoretically1 this research 3ill contribute information generally for English learners1 and practically this research is a guideline for them2 Bast1 the 3riter hopes this research can gi$e its contributions to a particular discipline1 3hich is English Ellipsis1 by using the theories of English Ellipsis2 1.1.' Pro()e* State*ent '2 4hat is the translation of English Ellipsis into IndonesianC /2 Is there any omission or shift in translating English Ellipsis into IndonesianC 1.1.+ Pur,o e of the Re earch 5ased on the problems mentioned abo$e1 the purposes of this study are0 a2 To describe the translation of English Ellipsis2 b2 To describe and analy?e the use of shift and omission 1.# Sco,e of the Re earch This study is only in$estigating the translation of English Ellipsis2

#. RE-IE. O/ RELATED LITERATURE /2' Theoret"ca) Re$"e0 #.1.1 Def"n"t"on of Tran )at"on Theories of Translation Barson 8'%)D9 stated in her boo60 Translation1 then consists of studying the le<icon1 grammatical structure1 communication situation1 and cultural conte<t of the source language te<t1 analy?ing it in order to determine its meaning1 and then reconstructing in the same meaning using the le<icon and grammatical structure 3hich are appropriate in the receptor language and its cultural conte<t 8p2>92 In Indonesian culture1 people sho3 respect to their elders by addressing them in different e<pressions2 For e<ample1 in translating the source te<t1 the researcher found a sentence 3ritten0 :Eould you help me pic6 up that garbage o$er thereC; This is a con$ersation bet3een a child 3ho 3as tal6ing to his father2 For Indonesian people1 the 3ord :you; means :kamu;2 5ut many 3ords Fyou7 in source language te<t cannot be easily substituted by the 3ord :kamu;2 It depends on the conte<t2 If the translator is not a3are of the culture1 then his 3or6 3ill not be quite familiar to the Indonesian readers2 Thus1 the translation of the 3ord :you; into Fkamu7 on the sentence abo$e is totally not appropriate2 It should be :Bisakah yah membantu saya mengambil sampah di sanaC; 4hile *e3mar6 8'%)G9 defined the term of translation in the follo3ing0 Translation is a craft consisting in the attempt to replace a 3ritten message andAor statement in one language by the same message andAor statement in another language2 Each e<ercise in$ol$es some 6ind of loss of meaning1 due to a number of factors2 It pro$o6es a continuous tension1 a dialectic1 an argument based on the claims of each language2 The basic loss is on a continuum bet3een o$erHtranslation 8increased detail9 and underHtranslation 8increased generali?ation9 8p2=92

Eonnecting to definition abo$e1 in translating the source te<t1 the researcher also found dome undertranslation problems2 For e<ample1 in translating a sentence :I7ll ne$er forget an e<perience I had se$eral years ago2; The 3ord :had; refers to e<perience in the meaning :I had the e<perience2; Biterally1 the translation should be : saya tidak akan pernah melupakan sebuah pengalaman !yang saya miliki pengalaman itu" beberapa tahun lalu ; In order to ma6e it natural1 the translator has translated it as follo3s0 saya tidak pernah melupakan sebuah pengalaman beberapa tahun lalu.; There is an undertranslation by not translating the phrase :I had2; The problem of o$ertranslation and undertranslation 3as also mentioned by *ida and Taber 8'%)/92 They stated that0 I there is a tendency for all good translation to some3hat longer than in originals2 This does not mean that in the process of transfer from one linguistic and cultural structure to another1 it is almost ine$itable that the resulting translation 3ill turn out to be longer 8p2'G>92 For e<ample1 the 3ord :re3ind; in sentence :If I could hit : re0"nd; and ma6e the decision differently I; :Re3ind; is a loan 3ord2 Since there is no equi$alent in Indonesian1 the translator did not translate the 3ord2 :Re3ind; here refers to a button on a tape or de$ice that can play cassette or disc bac62 The translator added the 3ord : tombol; in order to ma6e it clearer2 Thus1 there is an o$ertranslation of the 3ord : tombol; and the sentence becomes :Jika saya bisa menekan tombol rewind dan membuat keputusan yang berbeda 222 In line 3ith *ida and Taber1 orsleys "reen and .atherine "2 B2 5arn3ell 8'%)D9 also

discussed about o$ertranslation and undertranslation in their handboo62 They called it as the terms of e<plicit and implicit2 They stated that :#nder certain specific circumstances it may be necessary to ma6e some information e<plicit in the translation1 e$en though it 3as not e<plicit in the original message; 8p2'/&92 For e<ample1 :I ha$e to 3al6 on eggshells at 3or62 If I say 3hat I really thin6 I I7ll get fired I or at least *ade "rre)e$ant2; These sentences are translated into :#aya bagaikan telur di ujung tanduk di tempat kerja. Jika saya menyampaikan apa yang sesungguhnya saya pikirkan$ % saya akan dipecat % atau setodaknya dipindahkan ke tempat tidak penting2; The

meaning of the phrase :made irrele$any; has to be translated e<plicitly to transfer the message accurately and ma6e a meaningful translation as the 3riter intended to be2 Furthermore1 message 3hich is implicit may be understood because of any of three different factors0 '9 The situation in 3hich the utterance is spo6en2 For e<ample1 a sentence that is ta6en from a con$ersation bet3een a man and his son about the yard that he has told the child to ta6e care of it2 The child 3ailed1 :5ut1 Dad1 It7s !ust so hard2; The message 3hich is recei$ed is :the 1o( is so hard2; There is an implicit information of the 3ord :it; that refers to :the !ob2; In another situation1 the 3ord :it; is understandable2 /9 The linguistic conte<t2 The meaning is clear because of 3hat already been said2 This factor is in line 3ith the 3ay the researcher made in her annotated translation2 For e<ample1 :,ou mean I7m paying ta<esC; :2e 3 4ou are.; i2e2 you are paying ta<es2 The translation of the con$ersation becomes0 :Maksudmu saya membayar pajak&' Ya. The researcher did not need to translate the te<t as : (a$ kamu membayar pajak' since the meaning 3ay already clear2 >9 Information 3hich is already 6no3n to both the spea6er and the hearer because of shared pre$ious e<perience or shared cultural bac6ground2 For e<ample1 the 3ord :re3ind; in a sentence :If I could hit :re0"nd; and ma6e the decision differently I : Although it is a loan 3ord in Indonesian1 but there is no need to gi$e some description to the readers since the 3ord is familiar2 The translation becomes : Jika saya bisa menekan tombol )re*ind' dan membuat keputusan yang berbeda %'

According to Alan Duff 8'%%(9 there are some principles of translation0 a2 Meaning2 The translation should reflect accurately the meaning of the original te<t2 *othing should be arbitrarily added or remo$ed1 though occasionally part of the meaningcan be Ftransposed72 For e<ample1 in translating the title of the source boo6 : Nothing is a +ast as the #peed of Trust'1 the researcher has translated into :Meningkatnya kinerja tidak secepat seperti jika dipercaya' is because in line 3ith the content of the source boo6 increasing somebody7s performance depends on 3hether you trust that person or not2 Thus1 in order to con$ey the same message1 the sentence is translated into :meningkatnya kinerja tidak secepat seperti jika dipercaya.; b2 Form2 The ordering 3ords and ideas in the translation should match this original as closely as possible I 5ut differences in language structure often require changes in the form and order of 3ords2 4hen in doubt1 underline in the original te<t the 3ords on 3hich the main stress falls2 For e<ample1 one of the titles in a chapter of the source boo61 : The +irst ,a-e2; The different language structure bet3een English and Indonesian ma6es the phrase cannot be translated in the same 3ord order of the source language for it becomes : Pertama .elombang.; Thus1 the researcher translated into :.elombang Pertama.; c2 Register2 Banguages often differ greatly in their le$els of formality in a gi$en conte<t2 The translator must distinguish bet3een formal and fi<ed e<pressions and personal e<pressions2 For e<ample1 the phrase :please find enclosed2; There is no such phrase in Indonesian2 Thus1 the phrase is translated into :terlampir.; d2 Source language influence2 Jne of the most frequent criticism of translation is that Fit doesn7t sound natural27 This is because the translator7s thought and choice of 3ords are too strongly molded by the original te<t2 A good 3ay of sha6ing off the source language 8SB9 influence is to set the te<t aside and translate a fe3 sentences aloud1 from memory2 For e<ample1 if a translator translates :3e had !ust co*e out of a $ery e<hausting meeting; into :kami baru saja keluar dari rapat yang sangat melelahkan$' it 3ill ma6e the translation sound unnatural since it is not common in Indonesian to say : keluar dari rapat.' Thus1 the translator translates the phrase into :menghindari; and the sentence becomes :kami baru saja menghadiri rapat yang sangat melelahkan2; e2 Idiom2 Idiomatic e<pressions are notoriously untranslatable2 These include similes1 metaphors1 pro$erbs and saying 8as good as gold91 !argon1 slang1 and colloquialism 8userH

friendly1 the 5ig Apple1 yuppie1 etc91 and 8in English9 phrasal $erbs2 If the e<pressions cannot be directly translated1 try any of the follo3ing0 Retain the original 3ord1 in in$erted commas2 For e<ample1 the 3ord :re3ind; in the sentence :Jika saya bisa menekan tombol /rewind0 dan membuat keputusan yang berbeda %' Retain the original e<pression1 3ith a literal e<planation in brac6ets0 Indian summer 8dry1 ha?y 3eather in late autumns92 #se a close equi$alent2 For e<ample1 the idiom :3al6 on eggshells; cannot be translated literally since it 3ill ma6e the translation a363ard2 The idiom can be translated into an idiom in the target language 3hich is equi$alent :bagaikan telur di ujung tanduk.; #se a n(nHidiomatic or plain prose translation2 For e<ample1 an idiom :in a heartbeat; in the sentence :I 3ould do it "n a heart(eat2; 4e can use the strategy of use a nonH idiomatic translation2 In Indonesian this idiom can be translated into :langsung2; Thus1 the sentence becomes :saya akan langsung melakukannya2; In line 3ith Duff 8'%%(91 Barson 8'%)D9 stated in the follo3ing0 Idioms are special collocations1 or fi<ed combinations of 3ords 3hich ha$e a meaning as a 3hole1 but the meaning of combination is not the same as the meaning of the indi$idual 3ords2 They often ha$e the same meaning as other le<ical items in the language but carry certain emoti$e connotations not e<pressed in the other 8p2'D/92 For e<ample1 in English1 an idiom :get handle on; means starting to understand a situation2 5ut the meaning of combination is not the same as the meaning of the indi$idual 3ords2 The translator used the 3ord :memahami; as the closest meaning of the idiom2 Thus1 the phrase :getting handle on trust; becomes :memahami kepercayaan2; It is said abo$e that the idioms are special collocations2 In her boo61 Barson 8'%)D9 said that :Eollocation is concerned 3ith ho3 3ords go together1 i2e21 3hich 3ords may occur in construction 3ith other 3ords2 Some 3ords occur together often1 other 3ords may occur together occasionally1 and some combinations of 3ords are not li6ely to occur; 8p2'D'92 For e<ample1 :ha$e; means :mempunyai; in Indonesian2 In English1 there may be a collocation of ha$ing a crisis such in sentence :3e ha$e a cr" " of trust2; 5ut in indonesian1 people do not say : kita

mempunyai krisis kepercayaa; since the 3ord :mempunyai; does not collocate 3ith the 3ord :krisis2; In indonesian1 people say :kita menghadapi krisis kepercayaan2; #.1.# #.1.#.1 E))", " Def"n"t"on of E))", " The omission of one or more items from a construction in order to a$oid repeating the identical or equi$alent items that are in a preceding or follo3ing construction1 as the omission of been to Paris from the second clause of I1-e been to Paris$ but they ha-en1t. #.1.#.#

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RESEARCH 5ETHOD In this research1 the 3riter uses a qualitati$e method as her research method2 It means all

the data that are analy?ed1 are in the form of phenomenon description1 not in the form of numbers but in the form of the 3ords 8Amaluddin1 '%%%0'G92 According 4il6inson 8/(((0 =9 qualitati$e is the resulting data is presented in the form of quotations or descriptions1 though some basic statistics may also be presented2 Kualitati$e data include obser$ations1 inter$ie3s1 and life history accounts2 They enable the $oices of those being researched to be heard2 Kualitati$e data is usually analy?ed by sub!ecting it to some form of coding process2 5ased on the e<planation abo$e1 the 3riter uses qualitati$e method because the data in this study is in the form of description2

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Techn"6ue of Co))ect"ng Data a2 The source te<t and its translation is read sentence by sentence or paragraph by paragraph consecuti$ely to identify the Ellipsis understudy2

b2 The identified Ellipsis the data that 3ill be analy?ed later on2 c2 5y identifying the source data and its translation1 the researcher then 3ill find out the rele$ant translation theory that has been used by the translator2 d2 a$ing found the theory mentioned abo$e1 the data can then be analy?ed based on the theory that forms the foundation of translation2 %.# Techn"6ue of Ana)47"ng Data a2 Editing2 b2 Elassifying2 %.% Source of the Data The source of data in this research are a no$el : arry Potter and the Death ollo3s; by -. Ro3ling and its translation : arry Potter dan Reli6ui .ematian; by Bistiana Srisanti