Chemicals & Human Health Lung Toxicology Problem Set: Student Sheet Directions

A. Answer the pre !uestions" B. #o to the website www"biology"ari$ona"edu%chh and clic& on the lin&

to the Lung Toxicology Problem Set"

C. 'rite the correct answer in the column labeled Correct Answer" All o( the

answers can be (ound in the Lung Toxicology Problem Set"

D. )xplain the correct answer"

Pre *uestions +circle the answer you thin& is correct, 'hich o( the (ollowing is -.T (ound in the human lung/
A. bronchiole B. trachea C. bronchi D. al0eoli

Correct Answer +write the letter o( the correct answer (rom the website, 1

)xplain +explain the correct answer, Draw a picture and label the parts o( the lung:

'hich o( the (ollowing al0eolar cell types clean particles deposited in the lungs/
A. macrophages B. epithelium type 2 C. epithelium type 22 D. (ibroblasts E. capillaries

Draw a picture that includes all o( the cell types and label:

.ne o( the primary (unctions o( the al0eoli is to create a large sur(ace area in the lungs" 'hy is a large sur(ace are so important/

)xplain: The primary (unction o( the lung is gas exchange" The al0eoli allow this gas exchange to occur" )ach al0eoli has a networ& o( capillaries that carry oxygen poor red blood cells" The capillaries bring the red blood cells 0ery close to the air space in the al0eoli" The air in the al0eoli is oxygen rich" .xygen mo0es (rom the al0eolar space into the red blood cell by di((usion" This can happen 0ery !uic&ly because the sur(ace are o( the al0eoli is large and the membranes separating the lungs (rom the red blood cells are 0ery thin" The rate o( oxygen di((usion is dependent on sur(ace area3 so gas exchange occurs more !uic&ly with larger sur(ace areas"

A. (or energy storage B. to remo0e toxins (rom

the blood C. to store oxygen (or (uture use D. (or gas exchange E. (or the &rebs cycle 'hen do the al0eoli de0elop in lungs in humans/
A. during the (irst 4 5

#as exchange is the primary (unction o( the lung" #as exchange occurs by di((usion3 thus the rate o( gas exchange is dependent on sur(ace area" The al0eoli ser0e to pro0ide a large sur(ace area in the lungs" Describe the stages o( lung de0elopment: Human lungs are not completely de0eloped at birth" The de0elopment o( the al0eoli continues a(ter birth" -ew al0eoli (orm by a process called septation" The existing al0eoli grow new septa3 or walls3 leading to increased sur(ace areas :1onus *uestion: How do you thin& second hand smo&e may a((ect a child/ )xplain How is that attributed to the most deaths/ .( the (actors listed3 smo&ing causes the most deaths in the ;S" Smo&ing can cause death in se0eral ways including stro&e3 heart disease3 lung cancer3 emphysema and other diseases and cancers"

years o( li(e B. in the 4 6th wee& o( pregnancy C. between 7 and 6 years o( age D. during the last 8 wee&s o( pregnancy E. continually throughout a person9s li(etime

'hich o( the (ollowing D causes the most deaths in the ;S/

A. A2DS B. motor 0ehicles C. homicide D. smo&ing E. alcohol

'hich statement do you agree with/

A. )n0ironmental tobacco

smo&e +)TS,3 also &nown as second hand smo&e3 has L)SS toxic compounds than directly inhaled tobacco smo&e" B. )n0ironmental tobacco smo&e +)TS,3 also &nown as second hand smo&e3 has <.=) toxic compounds than directly inhaled tobacco smo&e"

)xplain why" )TS has more toxic compounds because the smo&e suc&ed through the cigarette and inhaled by the smo&er has been burned at a higher temperature then the smo&e that is coming o(( the end o( the cigarette" This higher temperature burning destroys or inacti0ates certain o( the toxic compounds" About how many toxic compounds are in cigarette smo&e/ Contains o0er >? compounds that are &nown to be toxic or carcinogenic"

What is PM10? A. the number of a!"s er #a$ that !ause %un& !an!er in 10' of the o u%ation B. arti!%es (hi!h are sma%% enou&h to be #e osite# in the %un&s C. a measure of the amount of o%%en in a !ertain )o%ume of air D. a measure of the se)erit$ of an asthma atta!"

*o( #oes this hurt the %un&s?

Parti!%es %ar&er than 10 mi!rons in #iameter are fi%tere# out of the air b$ the nasa% !a)it$ an# the !i%iate# !e%%s %inin& the bron!hi. +hese %ar&e arti!%es are either remo)e# throu&h !ou&hin& or are !arrie# u the bron!hi b$ the !i%ia an# s(a%%o(e#. Parti!%es %ess that 10 mi!rons in #iameter !an &et a%% the (a$ #o(n into the a%)eo%i in the %un&s. +he$ !an !ause tissue #ama&e as the$ hit the %un& tissue. +hese tin$ arti!%es !an a%so #ama&e the %un& b$ !ausin& irritation (hi!h !an %ea# to s!arrin& of the %un& tissue.

,-i#ants are one to-i! !om onent of !i&arette smo"e. Wh$ are the$ #an&erous? A. +he$ b%o!" surfa!tant se!retion so that a%)eo%i !o%%a se. B. +he$ b%o!" the o-$&en !arr$in& !a a!it$ of hemo&%obin. C. +he$ !ause !i%ia to .uit beatin& so %un&s &et !%o&&e# (ith arti!%es. D. +he$ !an #ama&e the D/A of %un& !e%%s mu!h %i"e the sun #ama&es s"in !e%%s.

What #isease !an be the en# resu%t of this #ama&e?

+he air (e breathe !ontains %ots of %itt%e arti!%es of matter su!h as o%%en0 an# #ust. Parti!%es that are sma%%er than 10 mi!rons in #iameter !an &et a%% the (a$ #o(n into the a%)eo%i in the %un&s. +he$ !an !ause tissue #ama&e as the$ hit the %un& tissue. +hese tin$ arti!%es !an a%so #ama&e the %un& b$ !ausin& irritation (hi!h !an %ea# to s!arrin& of the %un& tissue.

Asthma is !ause# b$ #e!rease# airf%o( in an# out of the %un&s #ue to2

5ist three res onses in the %un& that !ause asthma.

1. sma%% abnorma%ities in 3. re)ersib%e bron!hia% s asms 4. #estru!tion of a%)eo%ar

(a%%s 4. a%%er&i! rea!tion in %un& tissues air(a$s

6t !an be !ause# b$ mus!%e s asms in the air(a$s0 s(e%%in& of !e%%s %inin& the air(a$s an# e-!ess mu!us in the air(a$s.
What is a 7tri&&er?8 5ist 3 e-am %es.

A tri&&er is a fa!tor in the en)ironment that !an !ause an asthma atta!" in an asthmati! erson0 but #oes not effe!t non9asthmati!s. A%%er&ens are one t$ e of tri&&er for eo %e (ho are asthmati!. E-er!ise is a tri&&er: for some eo %e0 it !an tri&&er an asthma atta!".