REALISM / NATURALISM solidity (streets, street corners, buildings, furniture, etc.

) social intercourse characters / types (the old stable ego moral patterns) coherence, logic, linearity dialogue communication chronology reality % ob&ective clear contours and shapes

THE EPIPHANIC / SYMBOLIC / IMPRESSIONISM evanescence (V. Woolfs moments of being, James Joyces epiphanies, states of mind, moods, feelings, impressions) solitude voices personae bundles of desires, frustrations, an!ieties, feelings, sensations the fragmented / dissipated self dissipation, fragmentariness circularity flo" stream of consciousness monologue / solilo#uy alienation disrupted chronology (flashbac$s, associative memory stream of consciousness) reality ' sub&ective blurred contours and shapes

(ustave )ourbet, The Sleeping Spinner, *+,-

Claude Monet, Impression, Soleil levant, 1874

A Bar at the Folies-Bergeres b !douard Manet, 188"

1# Miss Broo$e had that $ind o% beaut %inel

&hi'h seems to be

thro&n into relie% b poor dress# (er hand and &rist &ere so %ormed that she 'ould &ear sleeves not less bare o% st le than those in &hi'h the Blessed )irgin appeared to Italian painters* and her pro%ile as &ell as her stature and bearing seemed to gain the more dignit garments, &hi'h b %rom her plain the side o% provin'ial %ashion gave her

the impressiveness o% a %ine +uotation %rom the Bible,--or %rom one o% our elder poets,--in a paragraph o% to-da ,s ne&spaper# She &as usuall spo$en o% as being remar$abl more 'lever, but &ith the addition that her sister Celia had more 'ommon-sense# -evertheless, Celia &ore s'ar'el trimmings* and it &as onl to 'lose observers that her dress di%%ered %rom her sister,s, and had a shade o% 'o+uetr in its arrangements* %or Miss Broo$e,s plain dressing &as due to mi.ed 'onditions, in most o% &hi'h her sister shared# /he pride o% being ladies had something to do &ith it0 the Broo$e 'onne'tions, un+uestionabl though not e.a'tl aristo'rati', &ere 1good01 i% ou in+uired ba'$&ard %or a ard-measuring or

generation or t&o, ou &ould not %ind an

par'el-t ing %ore%athers--an thing lo&er than an admiral or a 'lerg man* and there &as even an an'estor dis'ernible as a 2uritan gentleman &ho served under Crom&ell, but a%ter&ards 'on%ormed, and managed to 'ome out o% all politi'al troubles as the proprietor o% a respe'table %amil estate# 3oung &omen o% su'h birth, living in a +uiet 'ountr house, and attending a village 'hur'h hardl parlor, naturall regarded %ripper larger than a as the ambition o% a

hu'$ster,s daughter# /hen there &as &ell-bred e'onom , &hi'h in those da s made sho& in dress the %irst item to be dedu'ted %rom, &hen an margin &as re+uired %or e.penses more distin'tive o% ran$# Su'h reasons &ould have been enough to a''ount %or plain dress, +uite apart %rom religious

%eeling* but in Miss Broo$e,s 'ase, religion alone &ould have determined it* and Celia mildl a'+uies'ed in all her sister,s sentiments, onl in%using them &ith that 'ommon-sense &hi'h is able to a''ept momentous do'trines &ithout an e''entri' agitation#

"# 4-56, &hat I &ant is, Fa'ts# /ea'h these bo s and girls nothing but Fa'ts# Fa'ts alone are &anted in li%e# 2lant nothing else, and root out ever thing else# 3ou 'an onl %orm the minds o% reasoning animals upon Fa'ts0 nothing else &ill ever be o% an servi'e to them# /his is the prin'iple on &hi'h I bring up m o&n 'hildren, and this is the prin'iple on &hi'h I bring up these 'hildren# Sti'$ to Fa'ts, sir7, /he s'ene &as a plain, bare, monotonous vault o% a s'hool-room, and the spea$er,s s+uare %ore%inger emphasi8ed his observations b unders'oring ever senten'e &ith a line on the s'hoolmaster,s sleeve# /he emphasis &as helped b the spea$er,s s+uare &all o% a %orehead, &hi'h had his e ebro&s %or its base, &hile his e es %ound 'ommodious 'ellarage in t&o dar$ 'aves, overshado&ed b the &all# /he emphasis &as helped b the spea$er,s mouth, &hi'h &as &ide, thin, and hard set# /he emphasis &as helped b the spea$er,s voi'e, &hi'h &as in%le.ible, dr , and di'tatorial# /he emphasis &as helped b the spea$er,s hair, &hi'h bristled on the s$irts o% his bald head, a plantation o% %irs to $eep the &ind %rom its shining sur%a'e, all 'overed &ith $nobs, li$e the 'rust o% a plum pie, as i% the head had s'ar'el &arehouseroom %or the hard %a'ts stored inside# /he spea$er,s obstinate 'arriage, s+uare 'oat, s+uare legs, s+uare shoulders, - na , his ver ne'$'loth, trained to ta$e him b the throat &ith an una''ommodating grasp, li$e a stubborn %a't, as it &as, - all helped the emphasis# ,In this li%e, &e &ant nothing but Fa'ts, sir* nothing

but Fa'ts7, /he spea$er, and the s'hoolmaster, and the third gro&n person present, all ba'$ed a little, and s&ept &ith their e es the in'lined plane o% little vessels then and there arranged in order, read to have imperial gallons o% %a'ts poured into them until the &ere %ull to the brim# 9# (ome7 She loo$ed round the room, revie&ing all its %amiliar ob:e'ts &hi'h she had dusted on'e a &ee$ %or so man ears, &ondering &here on earth all the dust 'ame %rom# 2erhaps she &ould never see again those %amiliar ob:e'ts %rom &hi'h she had never dreamed o% being divided# And et during all those ears she had never %ound out the name o% the priest &hose ello&ing photograph hung on the &all above the bro$en harmonium beside the 'oloured print o% the promises made to Blessed Margaret Mar Ala'o+ue# (e had been a s'hool %riend o% her %ather# 6henever he sho&ed the photograph to a visitor her %ather used to pass it &ith a 'asual &ord0 1(e is in Melbourne no&#1

She had 'onsented to go a&a , to leave her home# 6as that &ise; She tried to &eigh ea'h side o% the +uestion# In her home an &a she had shelter and %ood* she had those &hom she had $no&n all her li%e about her# 5 'ourse she had to &or$ hard, both in the house and at business# 6hat &ould the sa o% her in the Stores &hen the %ound out that she had run a&a &ith a %ello&; Sa she &as a %ool, perhaps* and her pla'e &ould be %illed up b

advertisement# Miss <avan &ould be glad# She had al&a s had an edge on her, espe'iall &henever there &ere people listening# 1Miss (ill, don,t &aiting;1 =###=
She stood among the s&a ing 'ro&d in the station at the -orth 6all# (e held her hand and she $ne& that he &as spea$ing to her, sa ing something about the passage over and over again# /he station &as %ull o% soldiers &ith bro&n baggages# /hrough the &ide doors o% the sheds she 'aught a glimpse o% the bla'$ mass o% the boat, l ing in beside the +ua &all, &ith illumined portholes# She ans&ered nothing# She %elt her 'hee$ pale and 'old and, out o% a ma8e o% distress, she pra ed to <od to dire't her, to sho& her &hat &as her dut # /he boat ble& a long mourn%ul &histle into the mist# I% she &ent, tomorro& she &ould be on the sea &ith Fran$, steaming to&ards Buenos A res# /heir passage had been boo$ed# Could she still dra& ba'$ a%ter all he had done %or her; (er distress a&o$e a nausea in her bod and she $ept moving her lips in silent %ervent pra er# A bell 'langed upon her heart# She %elt him sei8e her hand0 1Come71 All the seas o% the &orld tumbled about her heart# (e &as dra&ing her into them0 he &ould dro&n her# She gripped &ith both hands at the iron railing# 1Come71 -o7 -o7 -o7 It &as impossible# (er hands 'lut'hed the iron in %ren8 # Amid the seas she sent a 'r o% anguish# 1!veline7 !vv 71

ou see these ladies are

(e rushed be ond the barrier and 'alled to her to %ollo&# (e &as shouted at to go on but he still 'alled to her# She set her &hite %a'e to him, passive, li$e a helpless animal# (er e es gave him no sign o% love or %are&ell or re'ognition#

4# /he Brang&ens had lived %or generations on the Marsh Farm, in the meado&s &here the !re&ash t&isted sluggishl through alder trees, separating >erb shire

%rom -ottinghamshire# /&o miles a&a , a 'hur'h-to&er stood on a hill, the houses o% the little 'ountr 'limbing assiduousl to&n

up to it# 6henever one o% the

Brang&ens in the %ields li%ted his head %rom his &or$, he sa& the 'hur'h-to&er at Il$eston in the empt s$ # So

that as he turned again to the hori8ontal land, he &as a&are o% something standing above him and be ond him in the distan'e# /here &as a loo$ in the e es o% the Brang&ens as i% the &ere e.pe'ting something un$no&n, about &hi'h the /he &ere eager#

had that air o% readiness %or &hat &ould 'ome to them, a

$ind o% suret , an e.pe'tan' , the loo$ o% an inheritor# /he &ere %resh, blond, slo&-spea$ing people, revealing

themselves plainl , but slo&l , so that one 'ould &at'h the 'hange in their e es %rom laughter to anger, blue, lit-up laughter, to a hard blue-staring anger* through all the irresolute stages o% the s$ &hen the &eather is 'hanging# ?iving on ri'h land, on their o&n land, near to a gro&ing to&n, the had %orgotten &hat it &as to be in straitened

'ir'umstan'es# /he

had never be'ome ri'h, be'ause there

&ere al&a s 'hildren, and the patrimon

&as divided ever

time# But al&a s, at the Marsh, there &as ample# So the Brang&ens 'ame and &ent &ithout %ear o% ne'essit , &or$ing hard be'ause o% the li%e that &as in them, not %or &ant o% the mone # -either &ere the thri%tless# /he &ere a&are o% the last hal%penn , and instin't made them not &aste the peeling o% their apple, %or it &ould help to %eed the 'attle# But heaven and earth &as teeming around them, and ho& should this 'ease; /he %elt the rush o% the sap in spring, the $ne&

the &ave &hi'h 'annot halt, but ever

ear thro&s %or&ard the oung-born on

seed to begetting, and, %alling ba'$, leaves the the earth# /he

$ne& the inter'ourse bet&een heaven and

earth, sunshine dra&n into the breast and bo&els, the rain su'$ed up in the da time, na$edness that 'omes under the &ind in autumn, sho&ing the birds@ nests no longer &orth hiding# /heir li%e and interrelations &ere su'h* %eeling the pulse and bod o% the soil, that opened to their %urro& %or the grain,

and be'ame smooth and supple a%ter their ploughing, and 'lung to their %eet &ith a &eight that pulled li$e desire, l ing hard and unresponsive &hen the 'rops &ere to be shorn a&a # /he oung 'orn &aved and &as sil$en, and the lustre slid along the limbs o% the men &ho sa& it# /he too$ the udder o% the

'o&s, the 'o&s ielded mil$ and pulse against the hands o% the men, the pulse o% the blood o% the teats o% the 'o&s beat into the pulse o% the hands o% the men# /he mounted their horses, harnessed

and held li%e bet&een the grip o% their $nees, the

their horses at the &agon, and, &ith hand on the bridle-rings, dre& the heaving o% the horses a%ter their &ill#

A# Bir$in suddenl appeared in the door&a , in &hite p :amas and &et hair, and a to&el over his arm# (e &as aloo% and &hite, and someho& evanes'ent# B/here,s the bath-room no&, i% ou &ant it,, he said generall , and &as going a&a again, &hen <erald 'alled0 BI sa , Cupert7, B6hat;, /he single &hite %igure appeared again, a presen'e in the room# B6hat do ou thin$ o% that %igure there; I &ant to $no&,, <erald as$ed# Bir$in, &hite and strangel ghostl , &ent over to the 'arved %igure o% the negro &oman in labour# (er nude, protuberant bod 'rou'hed in a strange, 'lut'hing posture, her hands gripping the ends o% the band, above her breast# BIt is art,, said Bir$in# B)er beauti%ul, it,s ver beauti%ul,, said the Cussian# /he all dre& near to loo$# <erald loo$ed at the group o% men, the Cussian golden and li$e a &ater-plant, (allida tall and heavil , bro$enl beauti%ul, Bir$in ver &hite and inde%inite, not to be assigned, as he loo$ed 'losel at the 'arven &oman# Strangel elated, <erald also li%ted his e es to the %a'e o% the &ooden %igure# And his heart 'ontra'ted# (e sa& vividl &ith his spirit the gre , %or&ard-stret'hing %a'e o% the negro &oman, A%ri'an and tense, abstra'ted in utter ph si'al stress# It &as a terrible %a'e, void, pea$ed, abstra'ted almost into meaninglessness b the &eight o% sensation beneath# (e sa& the 2ussum in it# As in a dream, he $ne& her# B6h is it art;, <erald as$ed, sho'$ed, resent%ul#

BIt 'onve s a 'omplete truth,, said Bir$in# BIt 'ontains the &hole truth o% that state, &hatever ou %eel about it#, BBut ou 'an,t 'all it high art,, said <erald# B(igh7 /here are 'enturies and hundreds o% 'enturies o% development in a straight line, behind that 'arving* it is an a&%ul pit'h o% 'ulture, o% a de%inite sort#, B6hat 'ulture;, <erald as$ed, in opposition# (e hated the sheer A%ri'an thing# B2ure 'ulture in sensation, 'ulture in the ph si'al 'ons'iousness, reall ultimate ph si'al 'ons'iousness, mindless, utterl sensual# It is so sensual as to be %inal, supreme#, But <erald resented it# (e &anted to $eep 'ertain illusions, 'ertain ideas li$e 'lothing# B3ou li$e the &rong things, Cupert,, he said, Bthings against oursel%#, B5h, I $no&, this isn,t ever thing,, Bir$in replied, moving a&a #
D# ,/o $no&, that is our all, that is our li%e-- ou have onl this, this $no&ledge,, he 'ried# ,/here is onl one tree, there is onl one %ruit,in our mouth#, Again she &as some time silent# ,Is there;, she said at last, &ith the same untou'hed 'alm# And then in a tone o% &himsi'al in+uisitiveness0 ,6hat %ruit, Cupert;, ,/he eternal apple,, he replied in e.asperation, hating his o&n metaphors# ,3es,, she said# /here &as a loo$ o% e.haustion about her# For some moments there &as silen'e# /hen, pulling hersel% together &ith a 'onvulsed movement, (ermione resumed, in a sing-song, 'asual voi'e0 ,But leaving me apart, Cupert* do ou thin$ the 'hildren are better,ri'her, happier, %or all this $no&ledge* do ou reall thin$ the are; 5r is it better to leave them untou'hed, spontaneous# (adn,t the

better be animals, simple animals, 'rude, violent, A-3/(I-<,rather than this sel%-'ons'iousness, this in'apa'it to be spontaneous#, /he thought she had %inished# But &ith a +ueer rumbling in her throat she resumed, ,(adn,t the better be an thing than gro& up 'rippled,'rippled in their souls, 'rippled in their %eelings--so thro&n ba'$Eso turned ba'$ on themselves--in'apable--, (ermione 'len'hed her %ist li$e one in a tran'e--,o% an spontaneous a'tion, al&a s deliberate, al&a s burdened &ith 'hoi'e, never 'arried a&a #, Again the thought she had %inished# But :ust as he &as going to repl ,she resumed her +ueer rhapsod --,never 'arried a&a , out o% themselves,al&a s 'ons'ious, al&a s sel%-'ons'ious, al&a s a&are o% themselves#Isn,t A-3/(I-< better than this; Better be animals, mere animals &ith no mind at all, than this, this -5/(I-<-!SS--, ,But do ou thin$ it is $no&ledge that ma$es us unliving and sel%'ons'ious;, he as$ed irritabl # She opened her e es and loo$ed at him slo&l # ,3es,, she said# She paused, &at'hing him all the &hile, her e es vague# /hen she &iped her %ingers a'ross her bro&, &ith a vague &eariness# It irritated him bitterl # ,It is the mind,, she said, ,and that is death#, She raised her e es slo&l to him0 ,Isn,t the mind--,she said, &ith the 'onvulsed movement o% her bod , ,isn,t it our death; >oesn,t it destro all our spontaneit , all our instin'ts; Are not the oung people gro&ing up toda , reall dead be%ore the have a 'han'e to live;, ,-ot be'ause the have too mu'h mind, but too little,, he said brutall # ,Are ou SFC!;, she 'ried# ,It seems to me the reverse# /he are over'ons'ious, burdened to death &ith 'ons'iousness#, ,Imprisoned &ithin a limited, %alse set o% 'on'epts,, he 'ried# But she too$ no noti'e o% this, onl &ent on &ith her o&n rhapsodi' interrogation# ,6hen &e have $no&ledge, don,t &e lose ever thing but $no&ledge;, she as$ed patheti'all # ,I% I $no& about the %lo&er, don,t I lose the %lo&er and have onl the $no&ledge; Aren,t &e e.'hanging the substan'e %or the shado&, aren,t &e %or%eiting li%e %or this dead +ualit o% $no&ledge; And &hat does it mean to me, a%ter all; 6hat does all this $no&ing mean to me; It means nothing#, ,3ou are merel ma$ing &ords,, he said* ,$no&ledge means ever thing to ou# !ven our animalism, ou &ant it in our head# 3ou don,t &ant to B! an animal, ou &ant to observe our o&n animal %un'tions, to get a mental thrill out o% them# It is all purel se'ondar --and more de'adent than the most hide-bound intelle'tualism# 6hat is it but the &orst and last %orm o% intelle'tualism, this love o% ours %or passion and the animal instin'ts; 2assion and the instin'ts-- ou &ant them hard enough, but through our head, in our 'ons'iousness# It all ta$es pla'e in our head, under that s$ull o% ours# 5nl ou &on,t be

'ons'ious o% &hat AC/FA??3 is0 ou &ant the lie that &ill mat'h the rest o% our %urniture#, (ermione set hard and poisonous against this atta'$# Frsula stood 'overed &ith &onder and shame# It %rightened her, to see ho& the hated ea'h other# ,It,s all that ?ad o% Shalott business,, he said, in his strong abstra't voi'e# (e seemed to be 'harging her be%ore the unseeing air# ,3ou,ve got that mirror, our o&n %i.ed &ill, our immortal understanding, our o&n tight 'ons'ious &orld, and there is nothing be ond it# /here, in the mirror, ou must have ever thing# But no& ou have 'ome to all our 'on'lusions, ou &ant to go ba'$ and be li$e a savage, &ithout $no&ledge# 3ou &ant a li%e o% pure sensation and 1passion#1, (e +uoted the last &ord satiri'all against her# She sat 'onvulsed &ith %ur and violation, spee'hless, li$e a stri'$en p thoness o% the <ree$ ora'le# ,But our passion is a lie,, he &ent on violentl # ,It isn,t passion at all, it is our 6I??# It,s our bull ing &ill# 3ou &ant to 'lut'h things and have them in our po&er# 3ou &ant to have things in our po&er# And &h ; Be'ause ou haven,t got an real bod , an dar$ sensual bod o% li%e# 3ou have no sensualit # 3ou have onl our &ill and our 'on'eit o% 'ons'iousness, and our lust %or po&er, to G-56#, (e loo$ed at her in mingled hate and 'ontempt, also in pain be'ause she su%%ered, and in shame be'ause he $ne& he tortured her# (e had an impulse to $neel and plead %or %orgiveness# But a bitterer red anger burned up to %ur in him# (e be'ame un'ons'ious o% her, he &as onl a passionate voi'e spea$ing# ,Spontaneous7, he 'ried# ,3ou and spontaneit 7 3ou, the most deliberate thing that ever &al$ed or 'ra&led7 3ou,d be veril deliberatel spontaneous--that,s ou# Be'ause ou &ant to have ever thing in our o&n volition, our deliberate voluntar 'ons'iousness# 3ou &ant it all in that loathsome little s$ull o% ours, that ought to be 'ra'$ed li$e a nut# For ou,ll be the same till it is 'ra'$ed, li$e an inse't in its s$in# I% one 'ra'$ed our s$ull perhaps one might get a spontaneous,passionate &oman out o% ou, &ith real sensualit # As it is, &hat ou &ant is pornograph --loo$ing at oursel% in mirrors, &at'hing our na$ed animal a'tions in mirrors, so that ou 'an have it all in our 'ons'iousness, ma$e it all mental#, /here &as a sense o% violation in the air, as i% too mu'h &as said, the un%orgivable# 3et Frsula &as 'on'erned no& onl &ith solving her o&n problems, in the light o% his &ords# She &as pale and abstra'ted# ,But do ou reall 6A-/ sensualit ;, she as$ed, pu88led# Bir$in loo$ed at her, and be'ame intent in his e.planation# ,3es,, he said, ,that and nothing else, at this point# It is a %ul%ilment-the great dar$ $no&ledge ou 'an,t have in our headEthe dar$ involuntar being# It is death to one,s sel%--but it is the 'oming into being o% another#, ,But ho&; (o& 'an ou have $no&ledge not in our head;, she as$ed,+uite unable to interpret his phrases#

,In the blood,, he ans&ered* ,&hen the mind and the $no&n &orld is dro&ned in dar$ness ever thing must go--there must be the deluge# /hen ou %ind oursel% a palpable bod o% dar$ness, a demon--, ,But &h should I be a demon--;, she as$ed# ,165MA- 6AI?I-< F5C (!C >!M5- ?5)!C1--, he +uoted--,&h , I don,t $no&#, (ermione roused hersel% as %rom a death--annihilation#

7# /he sun had not

et risen# /he sea &as indistinguishable

%rom the s$ , e.'ept that the sea &as slightl 'reased as i% a 'loth had &rin$les in it# <raduall &hitened a dar$ line la as the s$

on the hori8on dividing the sea

%rom the s$ and the gre 'loth be'ame barred &ith thi'$ stro$es moving, one a%ter another, beneath the sur%a'e, %ollo&ing ea'h other, pursuing ea'h other, perpetuall # As the neared the shore ea'h bar rose, heaped itsel%, bro$e

and s&ept a thin veil o% &hite &ater a'ross the sand# /he &ave paused, and then dre& out again, sighing li$e a sleeper &hose breath 'omes and goes un'ons'iousl # <raduall the dar$ bar

on the hori8on be'ame 'lear as i% the sediment in an old &inebottle had sun$ and le%t the glass green# Behind it, too, the s$ 'leared as i% the &hite sediment there had sun$, or as i% the arm o% a &oman 'ou'hed beneath the hori8on had raised a lamp and %lat bars o% &hite, green and the s$ ello& spread a'ross

li$e the blades o% a %an# /hen she raised her lamp

higher and the air seemed to be'ome %ibrous and to tear a&a %rom the green sur%a'e %li'$ering and %laming in red and ello& %ibres li$e the smo$ %ire that roars %rom a bon%ire# <raduall

the %ibres o% the burning bon%ire &ere %used into one ha8e, one in'andes'en'e &hi'h li%ted the &eight o% the &oollen gre s$

on top o% it and turned it to a million atoms o% so%t blue# /he

sur%a'e o% the sea slo&l

be'ame transparent and la

rippling

and spar$ling until the dar$ stripes &ere almost rubbed out# Slo&l the arm that held the lamp raised it higher and then

higher until a broad %lame be'ame visible* an ar' o% %ire burnt on the rim o% the hori8on, and all round it the sea bla8ed gold# =###= HI see a ring,@ said Bernard, Hhanging above me# It +uivers and hangs in a loop o% light#@ HI see a slab o% pale meets a purple stripe#@ HI hear a sound,@ said Choda, H'heep, 'hirp* 'heep 'hirp* going up and do&n#@ HI see a globe,@ said -eville, Hhanging do&n in a drop against the enormous %lan$s o% some hill#@ HI see a 'rimson tassel,@ said Iinn , Ht&isted &ith gold threads#@ HI hear something stamping,@ said ?ouis# HA great beast@s %oot is 'hained# It stamps, and stamps, and stamps#@ H?oo$ at the spider@s &eb on the 'orner o% the bal'on ,@ said Bernard# HIt has beads o% &ater on it, drops o% &hite light#@ H/he leaves are gathered round the &indo& li$e pointed ears,@ said Susan# HA shado& %alls on the path,@ said ?ouis, Hli$e an elbo& bent#@ HIslands o% light are s&imming on the grass,@ said Choda# H/he %allen through the trees#@ H/he birds@ e es are bright in the tunnels bet&een the leaves,@ said -eville# have ello&,@ said Susan, Hspreading a&a until it

8# 2erhaps it &as the middle o% Ianuar in the present that I %irst loo$ed up and sa& the mar$ on the &all# In order to

%i. a date it is ne'essar

to remember &hat one sa&# So

no& I thin$ o% the %ire* the stead %ilm o% ello& light upon the page o% m boo$* the three 'hr santhemums in the

round glass bo&l on the mantelpie'e# 3es, it must have been the &inter time, and &e had :ust %inished our tea, %or I remember that I &as smo$ing a 'igarette &hen I loo$ed up and sa& the mar$ on the &all %or the %irst time# I loo$ed up through the smo$e o% m 'igarette and m e e

lodged %or a moment upon the burning 'oals, and that old %an' o% the 'rimson %lag %lapping %rom the 'astle to&er

'ame into m mind, and I thought o% the 'aval'ade o% red $nights riding up the side o% the bla'$ ro'$# Cather to m relie% the sight o% the mar$ interrupted the %an' , %or it is an old %an' , an automati' %an' , made as a 'hild perhaps# /he mar$ &as a small round mar$, bla'$ upon the &hite &all, about si. or seven in'hes above the mantelpie'e# J# <enerous tears %illed <abriel,s e es# (e had never %elt li$e that himsel% to&ards an &oman, but he $ne& that

su'h a %eeling must be love# /he tears gathered more thi'$l in his e es and in the partial dar$ness he

imagined he sa& the %orm o% a oung man standing under a dripping tree# 5ther %orms &ere near# (is soul had approa'hed that region &here d&ell the vast hosts o% the dead# (e &as 'ons'ious o%, but 'ould not apprehend, their &a &ard and %li'$ering e.isten'e# (is o&n identit &as %ading out into a gre impalpable &orld0 the solid

&orld itsel%, &hi'h these dead had one time reared and lived in, &as dissolving and d&indling#

A %e& light taps upon the pane made him turn to the &indo&# It had begun to sno& again# (e &at'hed sleepil the %la$es, silver and dar$, %alling obli+uel against the

lamplight# /he time had 'ome %or him to set out on his :ourne &est&ard# 3es, the ne&spapers &ere right0 sno& &as general all over Ireland# It &as %alling on ever part

o% the dar$ 'entral plain, on the treeless hills, %alling so%tl upon the Bog o% Allen and, %arther &est&ard, so%tl %alling into the dar$ mutinous Shannon &aves# It &as %alling, too, upon ever part o% the lonel la 'hur'h ard on thi'$l

the hill &here Mi'hael Fure

buried# It la

dri%ted on the 'roo$ed 'rosses and headstones, on the spears o% the little gate, on the barren thorns# (is soul s&ooned slo&l as he heard the sno& %alling %aintl %alling, li$e the des'ent

hrough the universe and %aintl

o% their last end, upon all the living and the dead#