Annotated Bibliography Primary Sources Clinton, George. Letters to Israel Putnam. 17 October 1777 and 27 October 1777. Familytales.

TS. Web. We happened to find letters that were exchanged between the two leaders of the defense at Forts Montgomery and Clinton. This site offers tons of quotes for our use to dress up and format our site rather nicely. Despite the fact that these letters were written after the battle and have been re-typed for the purpose of providing it to an audience through the internet, they count as primary sources because the man who wrote them word for word was obviously involved and present at the battle. Hamilton, Alexander. Letter to Israel Putnam. 9 November 1777. Familytales. TS. Web. To think we would spot Alexander Hamiltons name in this mess between George Clinton and Israel Putnam. This letter of Hamiltons orders directed to Putnam for reinforcement at Clintons side would be amazing to include in our site. We did not expect to see his name pop up in our research of the particular area and battle. Despite the fact that these letters were written after the battle and have been re-typed for the purpose of providing it to an audience through the internet, they count as primary sources because the man who wrote them word for word was alive and aware of the happenings at the Hudson River. Holland, Samuel. A Plan of the Forts Montgomery & Clinton as taken by his Majesty Forces under the command of Genl. Sr. Henry Clinton the 6th. Of Octr. 1777. 1777. Col. Map, 39 x 52 cm. Library of Congress Geography and Map Division, Washington, D.C.

Building a website means we are going to need plenty of images to dress up an appealing page. And it just would not make sense to not include maps and sketches of the buildings and ships if we were focusing on a very important battle of the Revolution. Illustrated in 1777, Holland created a map of the area surrounding the forts and also added the long defensive chain that stretched across the Hudson River. This gives us a sense of size and great piece to stretch onto a webpage. Knight, John and Holland, Samuel. A plan of Fort Montgomery & Fort Clinton. 1779. Col. Map, 31.5 x 22.5 in. J.F.W. Des Barres. Heritage Charts. Web. This plan of Forts Montgomery and Clinton tells the story of the battle for control of the Hudson River. The aged color and fine etched details add fine appeal to our historical website. It is a shame we cannot access the full-sized version of the map through Heritage Charts which is selling these documents, but using technological skills, a screenshot was used to capture the image. We can see the fine lines of the chain stretching across the river, and also take a look at the area surrounding the forts, like Anthonys Nose on the east side. Putnam, Israel. Letters to George Clinton. 29 September 1777 10 November 1777. Familytales. TS. Web. What a great find for us. These letters were exchanged throughout the two dates provided above. The two generals defending the Forts Montgomery and Clinton discuss strategies and their moves as the enemy forces come, fight, and go. These letters offer tons of quotes we could use to dress up our site. Although these letters were re-typed for the purpose of sharing it on the World Wide Web, they do count as primary sources because they were written by the man obviously involved and present at the battle centuries ago.

Sketch of Forts Clinton & Montgomery, Stormed the 6th Octob. 1777 by the Troops under the Command of Sir Henry Clinton, K.B., Lt. General of H. Maj. Forces and Commander in Chief of New Yorck and its dependencies. 1776. Col. Map, on sheet 56 x 104 cm. Library of Congress Geography and Map Division, Washington, D.C. This map is a wonderful piece because it was already created the same year of the battle, 1776. The artist who had sketched his map is not provided on the archives website, thought after closer inspection of the details, we may be able to catch a sign of a name. We thought this map would be another piece to include because of the different orientation and view of the Hudson River. It helps visualize the mental image of seeing the British battleships sail around the bend and into sight in the distance. Wall, William Guy, and Hills, John. Plan of Attack of Fort Clinton and Montgomery which where Stormed by His Majestys Forces under the Command of Sr. Henry Clinton KB the 6th of October 1777. 1782. Col. Map, 91 x 56 cm. Library of Congress Geography and Map Division, Washington, D.C. We could not leave out the map that actually provides sketches of Great Britains battle attack plan. This is the same area drawn in the other two maps, but it holds a lot more detail and displays the stages of Sir Henry Clintons advancement towards the American forts. This, of all the images, should be included because it shows Great Britains offensive moves. If the forts had hailed to occupy Sir Henry Clinton long enough for the northern battles to come to an end, the Kings forces certainly would of conquer the area and ultimately change the outcome of the Revolution. Secondary Sources Cascone, Kenneth T. River of Triumph. New York: n.p., 2013. Print.

This source was important to our research because although the novel was historical fiction, the events and situations in it were accurate to real-life accounts of what happened during the Battle. The author combined fact with fiction in a way that made understanding certain details of the Battle (strategy, key military leaders, etc.) more simplistic and therefore easier to explain in our own words. Author Kenneth Cascone is also a resident of New York close to where Anna's grandmother lives and potentially available for interviewing about his sources of information about the Fort. The book is recent and so contains (however loosely interpreted) all of the latest facts and updates on the Fort there are to be found which is another positive. Clark, Donald F. "Town of Highlands: Centennial Year." Business Review (1973): 9-11. This source was important to our research because it documented the entire history of West Point, which ties in with Ft. Montgomery and Ft. Clinton as West Point was built around the same time. The soldiers guarding Ft. Montgomery were "back-ups" for those guarding West Point and therefore it is imperative we collect at least some information on both the Forts and the military academy. West Point was built first and then the forts were built to ensure the chain across the Hudson was stable if the British came (and they did). This source also included details about the militia prior to the war, stating some as farmers and also hinting at local family ties to the Revolution (the Garrisons and the Gees, the Garrisons are related to Anna). Donato, Thomas J. America's Liberty Celebration: A Bicentennial Celebration of Peace. New York: n.p., 1983. Print. This source was important to our research because it highlighted the Battle of Fort Montgomery/Fort Clinton and detailed parts of the battle connected to the soldiers. These

parts included maps, how to load a musket, and general smaller details that would help us illustrate how difficult it was to accomplish the large task Generals Clinton & Washington set out to do. However, this source was also slightly outdated (circa 1983) but proves a good starting point to potentially ask about when meeting researchers at the Ft. Montgomery Battle site Association. This pamphlet's author was also a historian on Forts Montgomery & Clinton and could possibly be around Highland Falls/Cornwall NY for an interview when we drive there. Dunwell, Frances F., and Frances F. Dunwell. The Hudson: America's River. New York: Columbia UP, 2008. Print. This source was important to our research because it documents the history of the Hudson River. The chain across the Hudson during the Revolutionary War ties in with Forts Montgomery and Clinton, so background knowledge to further build upon was a necessity. The Hudson River tied into our background knowledge on West Point because that is where the chain across the river started to be built. The river's importance was that of supplying the armies (both British and Continental), so furthermore information on it would better help us illustrate how difficult the situation at Forts Montgomery and Clinton were. The Hudson River also helps us tie the Forts into the theme of rights and responsibilities; it was the responsibility of the soldiers there to guard the Hudson from the British so they did not make port and attack on foot to take West Point or elsewhere. Fischer, Christopher. The Battle of Fort Montgomery. 2012. Hudson Valley, New York. Artists Network. F+W Media Inc. Web. This source was important to our research because it displayed a refreshing view of the battle from the opposite side of the River (attacking versus defending) that is usually

unseen in depictions of the Fort. It is also one of the few color photographs or depictions found of the Battle. This photograph also helps put into perspective what the Battle might have looked like, as unfortunately there are limited maps and drawings of the Battle of Forts Montgomery & Clinton. This source provides a vibrant display to engage viewers of the website as well. Fisher, Charles L. The Most Advantageous Situation in the Highlands: An Archaeological Study of Fort Montgomery State Historic Site. Cultural Resources Survey Program. PDF File. This PDF file is mad long but skimming over the abstract and table of contents, we can tell you that this study if very interesting. This is an archeological study of the ruins of Fort Montgomery. The main objective was to discover more things about the fort and buildings themselves and the daily activities and used supplies of the occupants. It is heavy with detailed information, photographs, charts, and maps. Digging into the daily lives of the troops and their duties when it came to securing defenses will definitely help us immerse ourselves in history and try to step into their shoes. Hopefully we will find the opportunity to visit the site ourselves and also the time to read through this entire file. Fisher, Franklin. Mid-Hudson tapped as military corridor. Times Herold-Record 8 February 1983: 30F. Print. This newspaper article - as well as the many other yellowing sheets that are currently being read - offers short and to the point content reviewing the events that occurred on the Hudson River. The authors were eager to retell the historical tales in celebration of anniversaries and their companies special history edition papers. Regardless of article length, whether they include long military letters or reports or large maps, the authors

provide clear information easy for anyone to read. They may have had sources that are now non-existent today so reaching for older sources may uncover more information. Hickman, Kennedy. American Revolution: Battle of Forts Montgomery and Clinton. Military History. About.com. Web. 09 January 2014. This article provides very crisp and clean summaries of the events tied in with the battle of Forts Montgomery and Clinton. Plenty of information is nearly always appreciated and approved of, but for the purpose of building a well organized website, these orderly paragraphs would aid us in determining the significance and importance of some information compared to other. Using Hickmans summaries as a guide, we can focus on producing quality pages and avoid over-filling them with unnecessary add-ons. Imagine Dragons. Ready Aim Fire. Iron Man 3: Heroes Fall. Marvel, 2013. MP3. Anna actually discovered this song and was inspired by its lyrics to use as our projects title. Considering the fact that this song was written for a movie titled, Heroes Fall, it may seem rather gloomy, but in fact, the soldiers at Fort Montgomery did meet defeat. The lyrics paint a relatable picture to associate the song with the historical event. Ready Aim Fire, the title itself, refers to taking aim and firing a shot. Blood in the writing can refer to the reports of casualties in exchanged military reports, and stuck in the fighting touches every serving man. Johnson, James M. A Warm Reception in the Hudson Highlands. The Hudson River Valley Institute. PDF File. This is a detailed piece once again focusing fully on the occurrences on the Hudson River. Though, we would not quite agree with that title of his. A warm reception, huh? Filled with dates, statistics, and even information regarding the weaponry and ammunition used

in the battle, Johnson starts at the beginning when Congress authorizes the construction of fleets and forts. He transitions through each stage, highlighting the creation of the defenses on the highlands and considerably lesser number of troops on the American side. Then he titles a section, Put to the Test. That definitely caught our eye these soldiers were exceptionally loyal, courageous patriots that pressed on formidably against the intimidating opponents. Lossing, Benson J. Battles of the American Revolution: Fort Clinton and Fort Montgomery. Public Bookshelf. LoveToKnow, n.d. Web. 09 Jan 2014. This excerpt is actually from Benson Lossings book, Our Country Volume II, that was published in 1877. This author wanted to provide Household History for All Readers, writing chronicles of the American Revolution from 1760 until the early days of independence around 1800. Given the perfect time period in which the text was written, Lossing provides descriptions of the battle that are wonderfully detailed. The excerpt runs so smoothly as if he was telling another that he was actually there. This source is great for focusing on the descriptions on how stressful it was to constantly navigate around the area and set up defenses, as well as the craziness that ensues once the British ships had arrived. McLeod, Kate. "Rescuing Hallowed Ground." Hudson Valley News 31.04 (2002): 22-30. Print. This source was important to our research because it explains how the Fort has been updated since its first excavation in the 1960s. The article also details the history of how the Fort was found after years of being buried beneath the thickets of upstate New York. Most importantly for our research, this article provided details about the importance of the Fort to the Revolutionary War. This allowed us to tie in with the theme of "rights and

responsibilities". There were many specific details about the size and placement of the Fort and the reasons for both, which also aided our research. McGuinness, Richard. "Battle of Fort Montgomery." Map. 5th New York Regiment. The 5th New York Regiment of the Continental Line Preliminary Report of Unit Documentation, n.d. Web. This source was important to our research because it is one of few accurate maps of the Fort Montgomery and one of even fewer depicting the Battle lines. With this photograph we can display how to the British attempted to attack the Forts on October 6, 1777 in a clear, concise manner. Maps are important for our research because our battle is smaller and not as widely documented, so any depiction at all of battle lines or directions of movements of troops is helpful. Mills, Louis V. Attack in the Highlands, the Battle of Fort Montgomery. The Hudson River Valley Institute. PDF File. This is a great study written by Louis Mills. He starts off speaking about how he was always fascinated both by famous heroes of the Revolution, but also the common people who lived in the area thus becoming a part of history. One of those little people was his grandfather Jacob Mills who was a farmer and shoemaker who would volunteer to serve the militia, and on the 6th of October, 1777, he marched to the defense of Fort Montgomery. This is absolutely perfect for our project since we will be focusing on the rights and majors responsibilities of the unsung heroes that fought by the Hudson. Mills simply starts off mentioning his grandfather; he later talks about the struggle of the troops on both sides of the battlefield, mainly the struggles of American generals and bravery of the patriotic soldiers.

N.d. Photograph. Fort Montgomery Historic Site, Ft. Montgomery. New York State Parks. New York State Office of Parks, Recreation & Historic Site. Web. 31 Jan. 2014. This photograph was important to our research because it displays a recent view of the Fort. This photograph also aids our ability to explain what happened in the battle without using words, essential to keeping the word limit under 1,200. The ruined building foundations are still intact and their strong skeletons display the hard work that went into building and holding the fort despite the loss of the battle. This also allows us to display "before" and "after" pictures of the Fort to accurately portray the damage of the fort after it was seized. Smith, Gregory, and Johnson, James M. Interpreting the Battle for the Hudson River Valley: The Battle of Fort Montgomery. The Hudson River Valley Review. PDF File. This PDF File from the Hudson River Valley Institutes website provides a great number of paintings, maps, names, and statistics that would look great on the project website. The authors included many interesting details and also touch on the conditions of the fort ruins that still stand today. Printed sources and especially primary documents are always encouraged to be used but finding a fairly large and detailed online source does ease a bit, having information all gathered and organized already. The images (that have been sourced) on this PDF file will likely be used to dress up the website. The Battles of Forts Montgomery and Clinton. American Revolutionary War. USwars.com, 2012. Web. 09 Jan 2014. This page describes the events of the battles and straight away our eyes are led to the numbers scattered across the screen. It offers basic statistics regarding the number of troops and the deceased and wounded for both the American and British forces. Reading

through we found many names of specific men and also the names of the combating regiments. These statistics and titles would be necessary to include in our website. Wade, William. "Fort Montgomery." Fort Montgomery. n.p., n.d. Web. 09 Dec. 2013. This source was important to our research because it delves into specifics about how the Battle was fought. This text also offers information on key figures such as Sir Henry Clinton and General Richard Montgomery, both of which the two forts (Montgomery and Clinton) were named for. The source also offers details on the defensive strategies of the Fort and the offensive strategies of the British, explaining the "divide and conquer" method that was so effective in winning the battle. This source left little allusions to the state of the Continental Army at this point in terms of weariness in the war efforts, which was also effective for translation into our website. White Jurgens, Elizabeth. Golden Memories. n.p., 2008. Print. This source was important to our research because it provided a look back at how the Fort was before the updated site in 2006. This source was mostly valuable in terms of visual representation, with maps and photographs. Additionally, however, this source was valuable because it provided background information on the Hudson River and Anthony's Nose, both of which were elements connected to the Battle. There was a small section on West Point and some of the original buildings which aided our research in that it allowed us to view a glimpse of what West Point might have looked like before it was renovated with certain original buildings intact. "1777-175th Anniversary-Battle of Forts Montgomery-1952 and Clinton." The News of the Highlands 2 Oct. 1952, LXII ed.: n. pag. Print.

This source was important to our research because it explains how the Fort was originally found around the time it was being uncovered. This source was also of great importance because it includes information about Fort Clinton, and how the pair of Forts worked to keep the British out of the Hudson. There were battle statistics included in this leaflet and other smaller pieces of information that helped our piece become the best it could be, such as articles of clothing worn by the soldiers and the terrain the days of the Battle.