Finite Element Methods (FEM)

Finite Element Methods (FEM)

Part 2 Finite Element Method

General Procedures

Finite Element Methods (FEM)

General concepts
The continuum is separated by imaginary lines or surfaces into a number of finite elements

Finite Element Methods (FEM)

General concepts
The elements are assumed to be connected at discrete number of nodal points situated on their boundaries Generalized displacements are the basic unknowns A function uniquely defines displacement field in terms of nodal displacements

Finite Element Methods (FEM)

General concepts
The properties of the function:
1. Compatibility between elements
2D 3D elasticity problems, displacement compatibility Plates and shells, displacements and their partial derivaties

2. All possible rigid body displacements included (if not will not converge) 3. All uniform strain states included
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General concepts

The displacement function, uniquely defines strain within an element in terms of nodal displacements. These strains with any initial strain, together with elastic properties define the stress state
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General concepts

Finite Element Methods (FEM)

General concepts

Finite Element Methods (FEM)

General concepts

Finite Element Methods (FEM)

General concepts

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General concepts

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General concepts

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General concepts
Apply Ritz procedure on the elements (minimize total potential energy) Obtain a set of simultaneous equations with nodal displacements as unknowns Write equations in matrix form, the same way as of standard stiffness formulation Solve equations with standard methods
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General concepts

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General concepts

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General concepts
Assemble stiffness matrix of all elements into the big overall matrix Apply the appropriate boundary conditions
(i) Divide domain into elements
Number all nodes Number all elements

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General concepts
(ii) Assemblage

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General concepts
Example

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General concepts

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General concepts
(iii) band width (element numbering sequence effects bandwidth)

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General concepts
Bandwidth of stiffness matrix is controlled by maximum difference between two nodal numbers which are directly connected. (iv) boundary conditions
(1) Delete corresponding rows and columns (not convenient in computer applications) (2) Insert large numbers at corresponding diagonal terms (large number say ) of a stiffness matrix (3) Insert same large numbers boundary values stiffness coefficient at corresponding entry of the force vector

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General concepts

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Type of elements

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Type of elements

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Type of elements

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Example

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Example

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Example

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Example

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Example

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Example

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Example

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Solution Bound

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