Models of Atoms

Chapter Six

Chapter Objectives
Identify the scientists who contributed to the development of atomic models Describe the subatomic particles of an atom, their properties, and their locations within the atom Use isotopic notation to determine the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom. Distinguish between fission and fusion and state advantages/disadvantages of nuclear energy

Leucippus and Democritus

Leucippus and Democritus

400BC: Greece Leucippus invented the concept via logic Democritus coined the word atom meaning indivisible
Stated atoms always existed Stated all things are made of atoms

Greeks gained knowledge through reasoning, not experimentation

John Dalton

John Dalton
1700s AD: England School teacher Noticed that any compound is always made of the same elements combined in the same unique proportion by mass His model of the atom:
Hard, indivisible spheres of varying sizes Surrounded by an envelope of heat (core-envelope theory)

Laid the foundation for modern atomic theory

J.J. Thomson

J.J. Thomson
1800s AD: England Physicist who shattered Daltons theory
Atoms are consist of smaller charged particles Negatively charged particles were electrons Positively charged plum-pudding substance held the atoms together

Electrons remain the same despite the element Positive substance remained a mystery

Ernest Rutherford
Early1900

Ernest Rutherford
Early1900: New Zealand Passed alpha particles through thin sheets of metal and observed strange effects Concluded that atoms were mostly empty space with a tiny, dense, positively charged core (nucleus) made of protons Electrons whirled around the nucleus at high speeds

James Chadwick

James Chadwick
Early 1900s: Rutherfords assistant Discovered the neutron
Dense particles with no charge Add mass to the nucleus Approximately equal in mass to protons

Niels Bohr

Niels Bohr
Early 1900s: Denmark
Energized atoms from specific elements produce a unique wavelength of color Suggested that electrons orbit the nucleus at specific energy levels (planetary model)

Led to the modern Quantum Model

Electrons do not follow orbits but rather orbitals (regions of most probable location for electrons)

Who was?