Bi ging Kin trc my tnh

18 March 2007

NKK-HUT

Contact

Offices:

KIN TRC MY TNH

Computer Architecture
Nguyn Kim Khnh, PhD. in CE
B mn K thut my tnh - Khoa Cng ngh thng tin Th vin & Mng thng tin Trng i hc Bch khoa H Ni

Room 322 - C1: DCE, FIT Room 201- e-Library Building: LINC

Mobile: 091-358-5533 e-mail:

khanhnk@mail.hut.edu.vn khanhnk@it-hut.edu.vn

18 March 2007

Bi ging Kin trc my tnh

18 March 2007

Bi ging Kin trc my tnh

NKK-HUT

NKK-HUT

Ti liu tham kho chnh

1. William Stallings - Computer Organization and Architecture Designing for Performance 2003 (6th edition) 2. Behrooz Parhami - Computer Architecture: From Microprocessors to Supercomputers - 2005 3. David A. Patterson & John L. Hennessy Computer Organization and Design: The Hardware/Software Interface 2002 (third edition) 4. John L. Hennessy & David A. Patterson Computer Architecture: A Quantitative Approach 2003 (third edition)
18 March 2007 Bi ging Kin trc my tnh 3

Ti liu tham kho ...

18 March 2007

Bi ging Kin trc my tnh

Nguyn Kim Khnh - HBKHN

Bi ging Kin trc my tnh

18 March 2007

NKK-HUT

NKK-HUT

Ti liu tham kho ...

Ni dung gio trnh

Chng 1. Gii thiu chung Chng 2. H thng my tnh Chng 3. S hc my tnh Chng 4. B x l trung tm Chng 5. B nh my tnh Chng 6. H thng vo-ra Chng 7. Kin trc my tnh tin tin

18 March 2007

Bi ging Kin trc my tnh

18 March 2007

Bi ging Kin trc my tnh

NKK-HUT

NKK-HUT

Kin trc my tnh

Ni dung

Chng 1 GII THIU CHUNG

1.1. My tnh v phn loi 1.2. Kin trc my tnh 1.3. S tin ho ca my tnh

Nguyn Kim Khnh Trng i hc Bch khoa H Ni

18 March 2007

Bi ging Kin trc my tnh

18 March 2007

Bi ging Kin trc my tnh

Nguyn Kim Khnh - HBKHN

Bi ging Kin trc my tnh

18 March 2007

NKK-HUT

NKK-HUT

1.1. My tnh v phn loi 1. My tnh

My tnh ....

My tnh (Computer) l thit b in t thc hin cc cng vic sau:

Nhn thng tin vo, X l thng tin theo dy cc lnh c nh sn bn trong, a thng tin ra.

Dy cc lnh nm trong b nh yu cu my tnh thc hin cng vic c th gi l chng trnh (program) My tnh hot ng theo chng trnh.
Bi ging Kin trc my tnh 9 18 March 2007 Bi ging Kin trc my tnh 10

18 March 2007

NKK-HUT

NKK-HUT

M hnh phn lp ca my tnh

2. Phn loi my tnh Phn loi truyn thng:

My vi tnh (Microcomputers) My tnh nh (Minicomputers) My tnh ln (Mainframe Computers) Siu my tnh (Supercomputers)

Phn cng (Hardware): h thng vt l ca my tnh. Phn mm (Software): cc chng trnh v d liu.
Bi ging Kin trc my tnh 11 18 March 2007 Bi ging Kin trc my tnh 12

18 March 2007

Nguyn Kim Khnh - HBKHN

Bi ging Kin trc my tnh

18 March 2007

NKK-HUT

NKK-HUT

Phn loi my tnh hin i

My tnh c nhn PC L loi my tnh ph bin nht Cc loi my tnh c nhn:

My tnh c nhn (Personal Computers) My ch (Server Computers) My tnh nhng (Embedded Computers)

My tnh bn (Desktop) My tnh xch tay (Laptop)

1981 IBM gii thiu my tnh IBM-PC s dng b x l Intel 8088 1984 Apple a ra Macintosh s dng b x l Motorola 68000 Gi thnh: hng trm n hng nghn USD
Bi ging Kin trc my tnh 14

18 March 2007

Bi ging Kin trc my tnh

13

18 March 2007

NKK-HUT

NKK-HUT

My ch (Server)

My tnh nhng (Embedded Computer)

Thc cht l my phc v Dng trong mng theo m hnh Client/Server (Khch hng/Ngi phc v) Tc v hiu nng tnh ton cao Dung lng b nh ln tin cy cao Gi thnh: hng nghn n hng chc triu USD.
Bi ging Kin trc my tnh 15

c t trong thit b khc iu khin thit b lm vic c thit k chuyn dng V d:

in thoi di ng My nh s B iu khin trong my git, iu ho nhit Router b nh tuyn trn mng

Gi thnh: vi USD n hng trm nghn USD.

Bi ging Kin trc my tnh 16

18 March 2007

18 March 2007

Nguyn Kim Khnh - HBKHN

Bi ging Kin trc my tnh

18 March 2007

NKK-HUT

NKK-HUT

1.2. Kin trc my tnh Kin trc my tnh bao gm hai kha cnh:

V d Cc my tnh PC dng cc b x l Pentium III v Pentium 4:

Kin trc tp lnh (Instruction Set Architecture): nghin cu my tnh theo cch nhn ca ngi lp trnh T chc my tnh (Computer Organization): nghin cu cu trc phn cng my tnh

cng chung kin trc tp lnh (IA-32) c t chc khc nhau

Kin trc tp lnh thay i chm, t chc my tnh thay i rt nhanh.

18 March 2007 Bi ging Kin trc my tnh 17 18 March 2007 Bi ging Kin trc my tnh 18

NKK-HUT

NKK-HUT

Kin trc tp lnh Kin trc tp lnh ca my tnh bao gm: Tp lnh: tp hp cc chui s nh phn m ho cho cc thao tc m my tnh c th thc hin Cc kiu d liu: cc kiu d liu m my tnh c th x l

Cu trc c bn ca my tnh

18 March 2007

Bi ging Kin trc my tnh

19

18 March 2007

Bi ging Kin trc my tnh

20

Nguyn Kim Khnh - HBKHN

Bi ging Kin trc my tnh

18 March 2007

NKK-HUT

NKK-HUT

Cc thnh phn c bn ca my tnh

1.3. S tin ho ca my tnh

B x l trung tm (Central Processing Unit): iu khin hot ng ca my tnh v x l d liu. B nh chnh (Main Memory): Cha cc chng trnh v d liu ang c s dng. H thng vo ra (Input/Output System): Trao i thng tin gia my tnh vi bn ngoi. Lin kt h thng (System Interconnection): Kt ni v vn chuyn thng tin gia cc thnh phn vi nhau.
Bi ging Kin trc my tnh 21

Th h th nht: My tnh dng n in t chn khng (1950s) Th h th hai: My tnh dng transistor (1960s) Th h th ba: My tnh dng vi mch SSI, MSI v LSI (1970s) Th h th t: My tnh dng vi mch VLSI (1980s) Th h th nm: My tnh dng vi mch ULSI, SoC (1990s)
Bi ging Kin trc my tnh 22

18 March 2007

18 March 2007

NKK-HUT

NKK-HUT

1. My tnh dng n in t ENIAC- My tnh in t u tin

ENIAC (tip) Nng 30 tn 18000 n in t v 1500 rle 5000 php cng/giy X l theo s thp phn B nh ch lu tr d liu Lp trnh bng cch thit lp v tr ca cc chuyn mch v cc cp ni.

Electronic Numerical Intergator And Computer

D n ca B Quc phng M Do John Mauchly v John Presper Eckert i hc Pennsylvania thit k. Bt u t nm 1943, hon thnh nm 1946

18 March 2007

Bi ging Kin trc my tnh

23

18 March 2007

Bi ging Kin trc my tnh

24

Nguyn Kim Khnh - HBKHN

Bi ging Kin trc my tnh

18 March 2007

NKK-HUT

NKK-HUT

n in t

ENIAC (tip)

18 March 2007

Bi ging Kin trc my tnh

25

18 March 2007

Bi ging Kin trc my tnh

26

NKK-HUT

NKK-HUT

My tnh von Neumann

c im chnh ca my tnh IAS

Bao gm cc thnh phn: n v iu khin, n v s hc v logic (ALU), b nh chnh v cc thit b vo-ra. B nh chnh cha chng trnh v d liu B nh chnh c nh a ch theo tng ngn nh, khng ph thuc vo ni dung ca n. ALU thc hin cc php ton vi s nh phn n v iu khin nhn lnh t b nh, gii m v thc hin lnh mt cch tun t. n v iu khin iu khin hot ng ca cc thit b vo-ra Tr thnh m hnh c bn ca my tnh 18 March 2007 Bi ging Kin trc my tnh 28

l my tnh IAS:

Princeton Institute for Advanced Studies c bt u t 1947, hon thnh1952 Do John von Neumann thit k c xy dng theo tng chng trnh c lu tr (stored-program concept) ca von Neumann/Turing (1945)

18 March 2007

Bi ging Kin trc my tnh

27

Nguyn Kim Khnh - HBKHN

Bi ging Kin trc my tnh

18 March 2007

NKK-HUT

NKK-HUT

John von Neumann v my tnh IAS

Alan Turing

18 March 2007

Bi ging Kin trc my tnh

29

18 March 2007

Bi ging Kin trc my tnh

30

NKK-HUT

NKK-HUT

Cc my tnh thng mi ra i

UNIVAC I

1947 - Eckert-Mauchly Computer Corporation UNIVAC I (Universal Automatic Computer) 1950s - UNIVAC II

Nhanh hn B nh ln hn

18 March 2007

Bi ging Kin trc my tnh

31

18 March 2007

Bi ging Kin trc my tnh

32

Nguyn Kim Khnh - HBKHN

Bi ging Kin trc my tnh

18 March 2007

NKK-HUT

NKK-HUT

UNIVAC II

Hng IBM IBM - International Business Machine 1953 - IBM 701

My tnh lu tr chng trnh u tin ca IBM S dng cho tnh ton khoa hc Cc ng dng thng mi

1955 IBM 702

18 March 2007

Bi ging Kin trc my tnh

33

18 March 2007

Bi ging Kin trc my tnh

34

NKK-HUT

NKK-HUT

IBM 701

2. My tnh dng transistor My tnh PDP-1 ca DEC (Digital Equipment Corporation) my tnh mini u tin IBM 7000 Hng trm nghn php cng trong mt giy. Cc ngn ng lp trnh bc cao ra i.

18 March 2007

Bi ging Kin trc my tnh

35

18 March 2007

Bi ging Kin trc my tnh

36

Nguyn Kim Khnh - HBKHN

Bi ging Kin trc my tnh

18 March 2007

NKK-HUT

NKK-HUT

My tnh DEC PDP-1 (1960)

IBM 7030 (1961)

18 March 2007

Bi ging Kin trc my tnh

37

18 March 2007

Bi ging Kin trc my tnh

38

NKK-HUT

NKK-HUT

3. My tnh dng vi mch SSI, MSI v LSI

Lut Moore

Vi mch (Integrated Circuit - IC): nhiu transistor v cc phn t khc c tch hp trn mt chip bn dn.

Gordon Moore ngi ng sng lp Intel S transistors trn chip s gp i sau 18 thng Gi thnh ca chip hu nh khng thay i Mt cao hn, do vy ng dn ngn hn Kch thc nh hn dn ti phc tp tng ln in nng tiu th t hn H thng c t cc chip lin kt vi nhau, do tng tin cy

SSI (Small Scale Integration) MSI (Medium Scale Integration) LSI (Large Scale Integration) VLSI (Very Large Scale Integration) (th h th t) ULSI (Ultra Large Scale Integration) (th h th nm) SoC (System on Chip)

Siu my tnh xut hin: CRAY-1, VAX B vi x l (microprocessor) ra i

B vi x l u tin Intel 4004 (1971).

Bi ging Kin trc my tnh 39 18 March 2007 Bi ging Kin trc my tnh 40

18 March 2007

Nguyn Kim Khnh - HBKHN

10

Bi ging Kin trc my tnh

18 March 2007

NKK-HUT

NKK-HUT

Tng trng s transistor trong chip CPU

IBM 360 Family

18 March 2007

Bi ging Kin trc my tnh

41

18 March 2007

Bi ging Kin trc my tnh

42

NKK-HUT

NKK-HUT

PDP-11 (1973)

VAX-11 (1981)

18 March 2007

Bi ging Kin trc my tnh

43

18 March 2007

Bi ging Kin trc my tnh

44

Nguyn Kim Khnh - HBKHN

11

Bi ging Kin trc my tnh

18 March 2007

NKK-HUT

NKK-HUT

Micro VAX

Siu my tnh CRAY-1

18 March 2007

Bi ging Kin trc my tnh

45

18 March 2007

Bi ging Kin trc my tnh

46

NKK-HUT

NKK-HUT

4. My tnh dng vi mch VLSI/ULSI

Cc sn phm chnh ca cng ngh VLSI/ULSI: B vi x l (Microprocessor): CPU c ch to trn mt chip. Vi mch iu khin tng hp (Chipset): mt hoc mt vi vi mch thc hin c nhiu chc nng iu khin v ni ghp. B nh bn dn (Semiconductor Memory): ROM, RAM Cc b vi iu khin (Microcontroller): my tnh chuyn dng c ch to trn 1 chip.
18 March 2007 Bi ging Kin trc my tnh 47

Intel 4004 - b vi x l 4-bit

18 March 2007

Bi ging Kin trc my tnh

48

Nguyn Kim Khnh - HBKHN

12

Bi ging Kin trc my tnh

18 March 2007

NKK-HUT

NKK-HUT

Intel 8080 - b vi x l 8-bit

Intel 80286 - b vi x l 16-bit

18 March 2007

Bi ging Kin trc my tnh

49

18 March 2007

Bi ging Kin trc my tnh

50

NKK-HUT

NKK-HUT

80386 - b vi x l 32-bit u tin ca Intel

Intel Pentium (32-bit)

18 March 2007

Bi ging Kin trc my tnh

51

18 March 2007

Bi ging Kin trc my tnh

52

Nguyn Kim Khnh - HBKHN

13

Bi ging Kin trc my tnh

18 March 2007

NKK-HUT

NKK-HUT

Pentium III v Pentium 4 (32-bit)

Itanium (64-bit)

Pentium III

Pentium 4

18 March 2007

Bi ging Kin trc my tnh

53

18 March 2007

Bi ging Kin trc my tnh

54

NKK-HUT

NKK-HUT

Cc h thng my tnh hin i

V d my ch HP

My tnh nhng My tnh c nhn (PC) My trm lm vic My ch (Servers) Mng my tnh Internet - Mng my tnh ton cu

18 March 2007

Bi ging Kin trc my tnh

55

18 March 2007

Bi ging Kin trc my tnh

56

Nguyn Kim Khnh - HBKHN

14

Bi ging Kin trc my tnh

18 March 2007

NKK-HUT

NKK-HUT

V d my ch Sun
SunFire15K

Tc dng ca mn hc S dng, khai thc, qun tr v bo tr cc my tnh c hiu qu Lm ch cc h thng my tnh v pht trin cc phn mm h thng nh gi hiu nng cc h thng my tnh Lp rp v sn xut my tnh C kh nng thit k cc my tnh nhng phc v cc mc ch chuyn dng (HW/SW co-design)
Bi ging Kin trc my tnh 58

SunFire V40z

SunFire V880
18 March 2007 Bi ging Kin trc my tnh 57 18 March 2007

NKK-HUT

Ht chng 1

18 March 2007

Bi ging Kin trc my tnh

59

Nguyn Kim Khnh - HBKHN

15