TRNG I HC BCH KHOA

KHOA IN IN T PHNG TH NGHIM K THUT IN 1

Ti Liu:

HNG DN TH NGHIM K THUT IN I

(Phn PLC)

Bin son: Phng TN K Thut in (B3)

TP. H CH MINH, THNG 9 NM 2008

Ti liu Hng dn TN K Thut in 1

MC LC
Trang Mc lc Gii thiu .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... 2 3 4

Chng 1 Tm hiu PLC (Bi 1) .................................................................

Chng 2 Hng dn cc bi th nghim v PLC ....................................... 21 Vn 1 Vn 2 Vn 3 Vn 4 Vn 5 K khi ng, o chiu ng c KB (Bi 2.1) ............ 22 iu khin qu trnh theo thi gian (Bi 2.2)................... 25 iu khin dy chuyn cng nghip (Bi 2.3) ................. 27 iu khin bi u xe (Bi 2.4)........................................ 29 iu khin phn loi v m sn phm (Bi 2.5) ............ 31

Chng 3 Hng dn lm bi chun b v bi bo co th nghim............. 33

Phn 1: PLC

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GII THIU
Th nghim K thut in 1 gm 2 phn: Phn 1: Lm quen vi PLC v mt vi ng dng ca n trong thc t Phn 2: Cc th nghim vt l v nhng kin thc hc trong mn K thut in I

Tp ti liu ny s gii thiu vi sinh vin ni dung th nghim ca Phn 1

Mc ch
Lm quen vi cc thit b cng nghip: thit b ng lc v thit b iu khin. Lm quen vi khi nim iu khin cng (bng thit b, dy ni) v iu khin mm (bng chng trnh). Tm hiu v b iu khin bng chng trnh (PLC) Tm hiu v cch s dng PLC iu khin cc i tng n gin.

Cng c th nghim
B PLC S7 200, CPU 212, 216, hay 226. Phn mm STEP7 MicroWIN/16, hay STEP7 MicroWIN/16. Cc thit b u vo v ra.

Lu :
Sinh vin s th nghim 2 trong s 5 vn v PLC c a ra trong tp ti liu ny. Cn b hng dn s quyt nh nhng vn m sinh vin cn thc hin. Trc mi bui th nghim, sinh vin cn son trc bi chun b cho vn c ch nh vo bui (theo mu Chng 3). Sinh vin phi trnh cho cn b hng dn cc bi chun b ny, nu khng s khng c vo th nghim. Sau t th nghim, sinh vin s np bo co (theo mu Chng 3) c tnh im cho phn th nghim v PLC. Sinh vin s c gii thiu v thc tp 3 bi: Bi 0: Sinh vin c trc nh, khng cn lm bi chun b v bi bo co, th lp trnh cc v d cho. Bi 1: Vn 1 (phi lm bi chun b v bi bo co) Bi 2: Cn b hng dn phn cng mt trong cc Vn 2, 3, 4, hay 5 (phi lm bi chun b v bi bo co) V im s: im ch c tnh khi SV tham d y cc bui TN v c np bo co SV ti chc im mn hc s l tng ca Phn 1 (50%) v Phn 2 (50%) khng thi trc nghim Ring Phn 1 (PLC) c thnh phn im nh sau: chun b bi (5%), thi th nghim (15%), tr li cu hi cui bui th nghim (20%), ni dung v hnh thc ca bi bo co (10%). SV chnh quy (s thng bo sau)

Phn 1: PLC

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Ti liu Hng dn TN K Thut in 1

CHNG 1 (Bi 1)

TM HIU PLC
I. Cc kin thc c bn v PLC Cc b iu khin c th lp trnh c PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) hin nay c s dng rt rng ri trong cc h thng iu khin t ng cng nh trong cc ng dng thng mi v cng nghip. Cc PLC u tin c thit k vo gia nhng nm 70 thay th cho cc h thng iu khin bng relay. Ban u chng ch bao gm mt b x l mt bit vi b nh chng trnh, mt thanh ghi tch ly v mt s ng vo ng ra, v chc nng chng ch c th thc hin c cc thao tc logic n gin v ch x l c vi cc ng vo ra s. Ngy nay PLC pht trin mnh v c th thao tc vi tn hiu tng t cng nh thc hin cc php ton phc tp nh iu khin PID, iu khin m... Chng c dng hu nh trong tt c cc giai on ca qu trnh sn xut v iu khin qu trnh. Khng ging nh cc h thng u dy phn cng truyn thng, PLC c kh nng lp trnh li, c th gim st on-line, v c kh nng pht hin li trong bn thn PLC v cc thit b c kt ni vi chng. Qu trnh thc thi ca PLC bao gm 3 giai on: gim st cc ng vo, tnh ton trn c s chng trnh ca n v iu khin cc ng ra t ng ha cc qu trnh hay cng c. PLC hin din trong rt nhiu cc ng dng c th. Chng l cc thit b lm vic rt lu bn, c th lm vic trong iu kin mi trng sn xut bao gm m, nhiu, cc thay i nhit v cc chn ng. Tt c cc h thng PLC u gm c cc thnh phn c bn cn thit thao tc vi cc d liu vo, x l d liu v iu khin ng ra. Cc khi c bn ca mt PLC bao gm b x l trung tm (CPU), b nh, b giao tip ng vo v b giao tip ng ra. Ngoi ra, PLC c th tch hp cc khi ngun, xung clock v giao tip truyn thng np chng trnh, gim st trng thi ca PLC hay ni mng cc PLC vi nhau. Ng vo ca PLC c th a vo cc tn hiu s hay tng t t cc thit b khc nhau (cm bin) v bin i thnh tn hiu logic CPU s dng. B x l trung tm CPU tnh ton v thc thi cc php tnh iu khin da trn cc lnh iu khin trong b nh. B giao tip ng ra bin i cc lnh iu khin t CPU thnh tn hiu s hay tng t c th dng iu khin cc thit b chp hnh khc nhau (actuator). Mt thit b lp trnh c dng nhp cc lnh mong mun, nhng lnh ny quyt nh PLC s lm g khi tc ng cc ng vo c th. Mt thit b giao tip (operator interface) cho php thng tin qu trnh c hin th v nhp cc thng s iu khin mi. B nh ca PLC ni chung c chia thnh 3 phn: b nh chng trnh, b nh d liu v vng nh lu cc thng s cu hnh h thng. B nh chng trnh lu tr cc lnh s lp trnh LAD hay STL. Vng nh ny s iu khin cch thc s dng vng nh d liu v cc I/O. Cc lnh LAD hay STL c vit bng cc thit b lp trnh (PC) v c np (ti) vo vng nh chng trnh ca PLC.

Phn 1: PLC

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B NH ROM,RAM NG VO Cng tc, tip im, Bin tr, in p hi tip, S TNG T CPU NG RA S TNG T Relay, n,

Hin th, in p iu khin,

Hnh 1: Cu trc chung ca PLC. B nh d liu c dng nh mt vng lm vic bao gm vng nh cho cc php tnh, vng lu tr tm thi cho cc kt qu tm v cc hng s. Vng nh d liu bao gm cc vng nh cho cc thit b nh: vng nh timer (T) (word v bit), counter (C) (word v bit), b m tc cao (HC), v vng nh ng vo (I), vng nh ng ra (Q), ng vo tng t (AI), ng ra tng t (AQ), vng nh bin (V), vng nh bn trong (M), vng nh c bit (SM), B nh thng s gm cc nh lu tr cc thng s ci t, mt khu, a ch thit b iu khin v cc thng tin v cc khng gian nh c th s dng. PLC hot ng theo mt cch thc n gin bng vic lp li qu trnh sau. D liu vo t bn ngoi c chuyn i qua b giao tip ng vo thnh dng m CPU c th dng. CPU tnh ton da trn cc d liu vo theo chng trnh ngi dng c lu tr trong b nh. Cc kt qu ca qu trnh tnh ton ny c a ti b giao tip ng ra chuyn i thnh dng m cc thit b kt ni vi PLC c th s dng. II. Cu trc chung ca h thng iu khin dng PLC PLC c nhiu hng ch to, v mi hng c nhiu h khc nhau, v c nhiu phin bn (version) trong mi h, chng khc nhau v tnh nng v gi thnh, ph hp vi mc bi ton n gin hay phc tp. Ngoi ra cn c cc b ghp ni m rng cho php lin kt nhiu b PLC nh (thnh mng PLC) thc hin cc chc nng phc tp, hay giao tip vi my tnh to thnh mt mng tch hp, thc hin vic theo di, kim tra, iu khin mt qu trnh cng ngh phc tp hay ton b mt phn xng sn xut. Mc d vy, mt h thng iu khin dng bt k loi PLC no cng u c cu trc nh hnh 2. Thit b u vo Thit b lp trnh My tnh Chng trnh iu khin PG/PC

Input Thit b u vo PLC Output

C cu chp hnh Hnh 2: Cu trc chung h thng iu khin dng PLC. Phn 1: PLC Trang 5

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Trong : Ng vo dng s: gm hai trng thi ON v OFF. Khi trng thi ON th ng vo s c coi nh mc logic 1 hay mc logic cao. Khi trng thi OFF th ng vo s c th c coi nh mc logic 0 hay mc logic thp. Ng vo tng t: tn hiu vo l tn hiu tng t , thng ng vo tng t c tm 0 20 mA, 4 20 mA hay 0 10VDC. Ng ra s: gm 2 trng thi ON v OFF. Cc ng ra ny thng c ni ra iu khin cc van solenoid, cun dy contactor, n hiu. Ng ra tng t: tn hiu ra l tn hiu tng t , thng c tm t 0 10 VDC. Thit b u vo: gm cc thit b to ra tn hiu iu khin, thng l nt nhn, cm bin * Cm bin: l thit b nhm bin i mt trng thi vt l thnh tn hiu in PLC s dng. Cm bin c ni vi ng vo ca PLC. Mt v d l s dng nt nhn ni vi u vo ca PLC, mt tn hiu in c gi ti PLC ch ra trng thi (ng/m) ca tip im nt nhn. Thit b chp hnh (Actuator): l thit b bin i tn hiu in t PLC thnh mt tc ng vt l. Actuator c ni vi ng ra ca PLC. Mt v d ca actuator l s dng mt Soft Starter (b khi ng mm) c ni u ra PLC, ty thuc vo tn hiu ng ra PLC m b Soft Starter s khi ng hay dng ng c. Nt nhn thng h Nt nhn thng ng Cng tc thng h Cng tc thng ng Tip im thng h Tip im thng ng NG VO PLC

Hnh 3. Cc dng tn hiu ng vo ca PLC Chng trnh iu khin: mt chng trnh bao gm mt hay nhiu lnh nhm thc hin mt nhim v c th. Vic lp trnh cho PLC ch n gin l xy dng mt tp hp cc lnh. C nhiu cch lp trnh cho PLC nh: dng lp trnh hnh thang (LAD), dng cu lnh (STL), hay dng s khi chc nng (FBD). Chng trnh iu khin nh ra qui lut thay i tn hiu output pha u ra ca PLC theo s thay i ca tn hiu input pha u vo theo nh mong mun. Cc chng trnh iu khin c to ra bng cch s dng b lp trnh chuyn dng cm tay (handheld programmer hay PG = programmer) hoc chy phn mm iu khin trn my tnh PC v c np vo PLC thng qua cp, ni gia PLC v PC hoc PG. Cn ch l chng trnh iu khin h thng chy trn PLC, do khng cn c my tnh hay b lp trnh chy PLC, chng ch ng vai tr b lp trnh hay b gim st hot ng thng qua vic trao i thng tin vi PLC.

Phn 1: PLC

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Chng trnh ca cc PLC thng c cu trc, gm c chng trnh chnh (main program), cc chng trnh con (subroutine) v chng trnh ngt (interrupt). Nh cu trc ca chng trnh tr nn d c v r rng hn. Chng trnh PLC c thc thi theo cc chu k qut lin tc. Chng trnh PLC thc thi l mt phn ca mt qu trnh lp li: chu k qut. Chu k qut ca PLC bt u vi vic CPU c trng thi ca cc ng vo. Chng trnh ng dng c thc hin s dng trng thi ca cc u vo ny. Khi chng trnh ny thc hin xong th CPU s bt u qu trnh t chn on v cc tc v giao tip. Chu k qut kt thc bi vic cp nht cc ng ra, sau li lp li t u. Thi gian thc hin chu k qut ph thuc vo kch thc ca chng trnh, s lng cc ng vo/ra cn c gim st ca PLC v vo s lng yu cu giao tip. oc cac ngo vao

Cap nhat cac ngo ra

Chu ky quet

Thc hien chng trnh

Truyen thong/T kiem tra Hnh 4. Chu k (vng) qut ca PLC Thit b lp trnh (PG/PC): chng trnh vit trong thit b lp trnh v truyn xung PLC. Cp kt ni (cp PPI): thit b cn thit truyn d liu t thit b lp trnh n PLC.

Quy trnh thit k h iu khin dng PLC: Bao gm cc bc c bn nh sau:

i) Xc nh quy trnh iu khin: trong bc ny cn phi bit v i tng iu khin ca PLC. Cc thay i ca i tng iu khin c kim tra thng xuyn bi cc thit b u vo, cc thit b ny gi tn hiu n PLC tnh ton xut cc tn hiu ra n cc thit b u ra iu khin hot ng ca i tng. ii) Xc nh tn hiu vo ra: trong bc ny cn xc nh cch kt ni cc thit b u vo, ra vi PLC. Thit b vo c th l tip im, cm bin,. Thit b ra c th l cc loi cun dy in t , n, iii) Son tho chng trnh: chng trnh c vit di dng LAD, STL, hay dng FBD. iv) Np chng trnh cho PLC v) Chy chng trnh: trc khi khi ng h thng cn kim tra ni dy t PLC n cc thit b ngoi vi v trong qu trnh chy kim tra c th cn thc hin cc bc tinh chnh h thng m bo an ton khi a vo hot ng thc t. Trong bi th nghim vi PLC S7-200 (ca hng Siemens) sinh vin cn quan tm ti hai vn sau: S ni dy PLC: th hin s ni dy thc ca cc thit b pha input v pha output vo PLC S7200. S iu khin PLC: c vit bng STEP7-Micro/WIN l phn mm dng cho cc PLC thuc chng loi S7-200. Phn 1: PLC Trang 7

Ti liu Hng dn TN K Thut in 1

III. Gii thiu PLC S7-200 PLC c th c phn thnh hai loi: Micro PLC v Modular PLC. - Micro PLC l loi PLC m cc ng vo, b x l, cc ng ra v b ngun u c t chung trong cng mt khi. Cc PLC ny th kh r v thng c dng trong cc ngnh cng nghip nh m cc in p cao khng cn thit. Chng c nhng cu hnh khc nhau v ng vo, ng ra, kh nng b nh v c th lm vic lu di tha mn cc ng dng khc nhau. H PLC S7-200 ca Siemens thuc loi PLC ny. - Modular PLC l loi PLC dng trong cc ng dng cng nghip nng thng l cc h thng dng m un. Cc loi PLC ny c cc cu hnh khc nhau v ng vo/ng ra, ngun cung cp, dng tn hiu (ri rc hay tng t), cc ng dng mng v iu khin t xa. Cc h thng PLC ny bao gm cc m un x l, m un ng vo/ng ra, thanh gn, m un ngun, b lp trnh v cc m un giao tip nu cn thit. H PLC S7-300, S7-400 ca Siemens thuc loi ny. - B x l ca c PLC loi Micro hay Modular u bao gm CPU, b nh, cc cng giao tip v cc cng ngoi vi. Khng phi tt c cc PLC u c cu hnh ging nhau m c th khc nhau v b nh, cc cu hnh ng vo/ng ra, cu hnh mng v nhiu c tnh khc. Sau y s gii thiu mt vi loi CPU h S7-200 c s dng trong ni dung th nghim: a. B S7-200/CPU 212 c mt s tnh nng nh sau: S cng vo/ra (I/O): 8 ng vo s/6 ng ra s (c a ch I0.0 I0.7, Q0.0 Q0.5). S ti a cc b m rng c th ghp ni: 2 (vi ti a 64 ng vo s /64 ng ra s). Tc x l lnh Boolean: 1.2 s/lnh. B m thi gian (timer): 64 b. B m (counter): 64 b. B m tc cao (high-speed counter): 1 (2 kHz-software). b. B S7-200/CPU 216 c cc tnh nng sau: S cng vo/ra (I/O): 24 ng vo s/16 ng ra s s (c a ch I0.0 I2.7, Q0.0 Q1.7). S ti a cc b m rng c th ghp ni: 7. Tc x l lnh Boolean: 0.8 s/lnh. B m thi gian (timer): 256 b. B m (counter): 256 b. B m tc cao (high-speed counter): 3 (1 software 2 hardware). B nh chng trnh/d liu: 8KB/5KB. Cng giao tip: 2. c. B S7-200/CPU 226 c cc tnh nng sau: S cng vo/ra (I/O): 24 ng vo s/16 ng ra s (a ch t I0.0 I2.7, Q0.0 Q1.7). S ti a cc b m rng c th ghp ni: 7 Tc x l lnh Boolean: 0.37 s/lnh. B m thi gian (timer): 256 b. B m (counter): 256 b. B m tc cao (high-speed counter): 6 (30 kHz).

Phn 1: PLC

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ng h thi gian thc. B nh chng trnh/d liu: 8KB/5KB. Cng giao tip: 2. S ng ra xung: 2 (20 kHz). IV. S ni dy thc ca S7 200 S ni dy ca CPU 212: Ngun DC cho PLC

Cc ng ra ni vi c cu chp hnh

Cc ng vo ni vi tn hiu iu khin

Ngun DC cho ng vo Hnh 5. S ni dy ca PLC S7-200, CPU 212 Vi cch ni dy nh s th hin, khi mt cng tc (hay nt nhn) ng vo no c tc ng, ng vo s trng thi logic l 1 (trng thi ON). Nu cng tc b ngt (hay khng nhn nt na), ng vo tng ng s trng thi logic l 0 (trng thi OFF). Nguyn tc chung l khi c in p trong khong quy nh trc (thng thng l 15 30 VDC) so vi im chun in p (cc ng vo k hiu l COM) t vo mt ng vo no th ng vo trng thi 1, nu khng c in p ln so vi im chun in p t vo ng vo th ng vo trng thi 0. Cc CPU 216 v CPU 226 cng c ni dy tng t vi CPU 212. V. Gii thiu chng trnh STEP7 Micro/WIN 1. Dng lp trnh: STEP7 Micro/WIN h tr hai dng lp trnh sau: a. Dng STL (Statement List): dng ngn ng s dng danh sch cc cu lnh. b. Dng LAD (ladder): dng ngn ng ho s dng cc k hiu tng t nh cc s mch in (hnh thang). c. Dng FBD (Function Block Diagram): dng ngn ng ho s dng cc k hiu tng t s cc khi logic AND, OR...

Phn 1: PLC

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2. Phn t Lnh tip im thng m. (Normally open) Cc lnh c bn ca chng trnh dng LADDER: K hiu
n

Tn qui c n = I0.0, I0.1, ,I0.7,

Tnh cht Lnh ny tc ng khi bit n ON

n = Q0.0, Q0.1, ,Q0.5, I: tip im thc ni cng vo Q: tip im do output iu khin n = C0, C1, , C63, C: tip im do b m .khin n = T0, T1, , T63, T: tip im do timer iu khin
n

Lnh tip im thng ng (Normally closed) Lnh pht hin cnh ln P Lnh ng ra (OUTput instruction) Lnh bit SET

n = I0.0, I0.1, ,I0.7,

Lnh ny tc ng khi bit n OFF

n = Q0.0, Q0.1, ,Q0.5, I: tip im thc ni cng vo. Q: tip im do output iu khin n = C0, C1, , C63, C: tip im do b m .khin n = T0, T1, , T63, T: tip im do timer iu khin Lnh ny ch tc ng khi pht hin tn hiu pha trc lnh chuyn t OFF sang ON (cnh lnh).
n

n = Q0.0, Q0.1, , Q0.5, Trang thi logic ca bit n lun bng trng thi logic ngay pha trc lnh. n = Q0.0, Q0.1, (1 bit Khi lnh SET tc ng, bit n chuyn bt k) sang ON v gi lun. n = Q0.0, Q0.1, (1 bit Khi lnh RESET tc ng, bit n bt k) chuyn sang OFF v gi lun. Txxx= * T32: n v tnh l 1 ms T96 (CPU216, 226) * T33 T36: --- 10ms T97T100 (CPU216, 226) * T37 T63: --- 100ms T101T255 CPU216,226) IN: tn hiu vo PT: h s thi gian tr. Khi IN t 0 ln 1 th sau thi gian nh bi PT, Txxx s chuyn sang trng thi ON (1) Bt c khi no IN t 1 xung 0 th Txxx s chuyn sang OFF (0)

Lnh RESET bit B thi ng TON nh gian tr

(On-delay timer)

Phn 1: PLC

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B m ln/xung CTUD (Counter up/down) Cxxx = C0, C1, , C63, Cxxx s m ln/xung mt n v mi khi tn hiu chuyn t 0 ln 1 chn CU/CD. CU: tn hiu m ln. CD: tn hiu m xung R: tn hiu reset Khi gi tr m ca Cxxx >= PV th Cxxx l ON (1), ngc li l OFF(0).

Khi c tn hiu reset chn R th gi PV: gi tr t (preset tr m ca Cxxx tr v 0, Cxxx trng thi ca Value) trng thi OFF. B m ln CTU (Counter up) v b m xung CTD (Counter down) Cxxx = C0, C1, , C63, CTU s m ln mt n v mi khi tn hiu chuyn t 0 ln 1 chn CU. CU: tn hiu m ln CTD s m xung mt n v mi khi tn hiu chuyn t 0 ln 1 chn (CTU). CD. CD: tn hiu m xung (CTD). R: tn hiu reset i vi b m ln CTU: Khi gi tr m ca Cxxx >= PV th trng thi Cxxx l ON (1), ngc li l OFF(0).

PV: gi tr t (preset i vi b m xung CTD: Khi gi value) tr m ca Cxxx = 0 th trng thi Cxxx lON (1), ngc li l OFF(0). Khi c tn hiu reset chn R (CTU) th gi tr m ca Cxxx tr v 0, trng thi Cxxx l OFF(0). Khi c tn hiu preset chn LD (CTD) th gi tr m ca Cxxx c set v gi tr t PV . Lnh so snh: (Compare) Php ton: == <> > < Dng d liu: _Byte _Word (Integer) _Double Word _Real

Phn 1: PLC

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Gii thch thm: 1. Lp trnh kiu FBD AND logic:

OR logic:

2. Thi gian ca b nh thi Timer i vi b nh thi gian ng tr TON: Cng thc tnh gi tr thi gian t: PT = vi T: thi gian cn lm tr (s) Ck: phn gii (n v tnh thi gian) ca b nh thi (1 ms, 10 ms, v 100 ms) 3. Cc nh c bit: SM0.0 SM0.1 SM0.5 SM0.4 Bit ny lun lun ON. Bit ny ch ON trong chu k qut u tin ca PLC. Bit ny to xung clock 1 giy (0,5s ON v 0,5s OFF). Bit ny to xung clock 1 pht.

T Ck

4. Cu trc nh trong PLC Siemens: 1 Byte 1 Word = = 8 Bit 2 Byte 4 Byte = = 16 Bit (lin tip) 32 Bit (lin tip) QB0 Q0.0Q0.7 QW0 QB0QB1 QD0 QB0QB3

1 Double Word =

5. Cu trc nh ca d liu s: S Byte (B) S Integer (I): S Long Integer (D) S Real (R) 1 byte 2 byte 4 byte 4 byte ~ Byte ~ Word ~ Double Word ~ Double Word

Phn 1: PLC

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VI. Hng dn lp trnh vi STEP 7-Micro/WIN 32 Sau y l trnh t tng qut cn thc hin khi to, kim tra v gim st mt project s dng Step7-MicroWIN 32. Trnh t: 1. Khi ng chng trnh STEP 7-Micro/WIN 32 trong Windows

2. thit lp giao tip gia PLC v PC ta chn biu tng Communications (double click)

Trong mc Communications ta c th chn thit lp giao tip PG/PC Interface bng cch chn (double click) PC/PPI cable(PPI).

Chn Properties trong phn Set PG/PC Interface thit lp cc thng s kt ni (v d: tc baud, cng giao tip, a ch, ...).

Sau khi hon tt vic thit lp double click vo mc Double-Click to Refresh kt ni vi PLC.

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3. Khi to file mi a. Chn menu File/New (Ctrl+N).

b. Chn loi vo menu PLC/Type c Nhn nt OK

4. Lp trnh Dng mouse chn cc phn t cn s dng t danh sch lnh (dng chut ko phn t hoc double click vo phn t chn) v s LADDER, sau t tn cho cc phn t nh v d trong hnh v sau:

Ch : Mt chng trnh dng LADDER thng c nhiu network mc song song vi nhau. Trong mi netwok ch c lp trnh ti a mt nhnh lnh. Kt thc s i vi Step7-MicroWIN 32 ta khng c t lnh kt thc khng iu kin END (nu thm lnh ny vo th s b sai c php khi dch chng trnh). 5. Cc ch thch ca chng trnh a) Nhn mouse vo hng ch Network 1 (2,3...) t tn cho Network. b) Nhn mouse vo hng ch POU Comment (Project Component Comments) ghi ch v cc thnh phn ca Project.

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c. Nhn mouse vo hng ch Network Comment ch thch cho Network.

5. Bin dch chng trnh vo menu PLC/Compile

Lc ny chng trnh s kim tra c php ca s iu khin v thng bo v kch thc ca chng trnh v cc li c php ca chng trnh:

6. Lu gi chng trnh vo menu File/Save As nu ch sa chng trnh th dng lnh Save.

7. Np chng trnh vo CPU ca PLC (chng trnh va lp trnh ang lu trn my tnh) a. np chng trnh, PLC phi ch STOP theo mt trong hai cch: Gt contact (3 tip im) trn PLC qua v tr STOP. Gt contact (3 tip im) trn PLC qua v tr TERM ri chn menu PLC /STOP. b. Vo menu File/Download (Ctrl+D). c. Chn cc thnh phn cn np vo PLC (phi chn Program). d. Nhn nt OK np chng trnh t my tnh vo PLC. Nu chng trnh c np vo PLC thnh cng th s c thng bo Download hon thnh (Download Successfully), nhn nt OK tip tc chy th chng Phn 1: PLC Trang 15

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trnh. 8. Thc thi chng trnh trn PLC nh CPU ch RUN theo mt trong hai cch: Gt contact (3 tip im) trn b PLC qua v tr RUN, (n RUN mu xanh s sng) contact (3 tip im) trn b PLC qua v tr TERM ri chn menu PLC /RUN.

9. Kim tra s vn hnh ca chng trnh Chn menu Debug/Program Status.

sa chng trnh, phi b Debug/Program Status. 10. Xem hng dn s dng vic lp trnh PLC Chn menu Help/Contents and Index. Chn tab Index v nhp t lnh cn xem.

Phn 1: PLC

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VII. V d minh ho: V d 1: Mch iu khin tt/m mt bng n . S a. S mch in: b. S iu khin dng LAD (chng trnh bn trong PLC): S trong hnh v di y th hin thut ton iu khin c thc hin bng chng trnh ca PLC. ng ngun (logic 1)

c. S ni dy PLC: S di y cho bit cc tn hiu vo v ra c ni n PLC nh th no chng trnh trong PLC vit c th vn hnh ng theo thit k. 24 VDC S
I0.0 I0.1 ... I0.7

PLC
I0.0 ... Q0.3 Q0.7

220 VAC Gin thi gian v gii thch: 1 I0.0 Q0.3 Ban u khi cha ng cng tc S th ng vo PLC I0.0 s c mc logic 0, trong chng trnh iu khin (LAD) cun dy Q0.3 khng c tn hiu t ng cng sut nn cng c mc logic 0. Khi ng cng tc S th ng vo I0.0 trng thi logic 1, tip im thng m I0.0 trong chng trnh LAD ng li cho php tn hiu t ng cng sut ti cun dy Q0.3, ng ra Q0.3 c mc logic 1 lm sng n . 0

Phn 1: PLC

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V d 2: Mch iu khin ng cun dy contactor K trong khong thi gian t = 2s ri nh ra. a. S dng LAD:

b. S ni dy PLC: 24 VDC S

I0.0 I0.1 . . . I0.7

PLC
Q0.0 Q0.1 . . . Q0.5

K 24 VDC Gin thi gian v gii thch: Cun dy K c cp ngun trong 2 giy k t khi nhn nt nhn S. I0.0 Q0.1 PT = 20 T37 (word) Tr s m tc thi T37 (bit) Ng ra trng thi Thi gian tr 2s

Thi gian 1 chu k qut

Phn 1: PLC

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Gi s ng ra Q0.1 ang mc logic 0, khi T37 ang trng thi 0 nn tip im thng ng T37 Network 1 l mc 1. Khi nhn nt nhn S th ng vo I0.0 c mc logic 1, khi tip im thng m I0.0 trong s LAD s ng li, cun dy Q0.1 c tn hiu t ng cng sut nn c mc logic 1, tip im thng m Q0.1 ng li. Khi nh nt nhn S th ng vo I0.0 c mc logic 0, tip im thng m I0.0 m ra nhng cun dy Q0.1 vn c tn hiu t ng cng sut (do tip im Q0.1 ng). Khi cun dy Q0.1 trng thi 1 th ng vo IN ca b Timer ondelay T37 c tn hiu t ng cng sut lm khi ng b Timer. Tr s m tc thi ca b Timer tng dn theo theo thi gian, khi tr s tc thi ln hn hoc bng tr s t trc PT th T37 (bit) ln mc 1. Tip im thng ng T37 h ra lm ngt tn hiu t ng cng sut vo cun dy Q0.1(Network 1) , tip im thng m Q0.1 h ra. Tn hiu vo chn IN ca b Timer T37 b ngt lm cho b Timer T37 b reset ( tr s m tc thi tr v 0 v bit T37 tr v trng thi 0). V d 3: Mch m ln xung a. S dng LAD

b. S ni dy PLC: 24 VDC S1 S2

I0.0 I0.1 I0.2

PLC
Q0.0 Q0.1 . . . Q0.5

K 24 VDC

Phn 1: PLC

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Gin thi gian v gii thch: Dng cc nt nhn S1,S2 v S3 to ra cc xung a vo I0.0 , I0.1v I0.2 tng ng. Mi khi nhn S1 th ng vo I0.0 s c s chuyn trng thi t mc logic 0 ln 1, chn m ln CU ca b m cng c s chuyn i t Off sang On lm cho gi tr m tc thi tng ln 1 n v. Tng t khi nhn S2 th s c s chuyn i trng thi chn m xung CD ca b m lm cho gi tr tc thi gim xung 1 n v. Khi gi tr m tc thi ln hn hoc bng gi tr t PV (=4) th bit C48 ln mc logic 1. Khi nhn nt nhn S3 th ng vo I0.3 s chuyn ln mc logic 1, tip im thng m I0.2 ng li cho php tn hiu t ng cng sut i vo chn reset R ca b m, gi tr tc thi ca b m lp tc tr v 0. I0.0 I0.1 I0.2 3 4 5 4 3 4 5

Gi tr tc thi ca C48 0 C48 (bit) Q0.0 Ch :

B m ln CTU hot ng tng t nh b m ln xung CTUD nhng loi b m ny ch c 3 u vo: chn m ln CU, chn reset R v chn gi tr t PV. Vi cc lnh PLC, tt c cc ng vo ca lnh phi c ni vi cc tip im.

Phn 1: PLC

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CHNG 2

HNG DN CC BI TH NGHIM V PLC

Mc ch
Lm quen vi cc thit b cng nghip: thit b ng lc v thit b iu khin. Lm quen vi khi nim iu khin cng (bng thit b, dy ni) v iu khin mm (bng chng trnh). Tm hiu v b iu khin bng chng trnh (PLC) Tm hiu v cch s dng PLC iu khin cc i tng n gin.

Cng c th nghim
B PLC S7 200, CPU 212, 216, hay 226. Phn mm STEP7 MicroWIN/16, hay STEP7 MicroWIN/16. Cc thit b u vo v ra. Ch : Sinh vin s th nghim 2 trong s 4 vn v PLC c ra trong phn hng dn ny. Cn b hng dn th nghim s quyt nh bi no cn th nghim.

Phn 1: PLC

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Vn 1 (Bi 2) IU KHIN KHI NG, O CHIU NG C KB

Trong bi th nghim ny, cc anh ch s dng n s M, c tnh theo m s sinh vin nh sau: Bng 1 M s sinh vin ...XYZ (X, Y, Z l ba ch s cui ca m s sinh vin) N X + 2Y + 2 Z + 25 N= = ab, c 5 (a c th nhn gi tr 0) M = ab + c M
Cc anh ch phi trnh by li Bng 1 ng vi m s sinh vin ca chnh mnh trong bi bo co. V d: M s sinh vin 402002893 (X=8, Y=9, Z=3) N 8 + 2 9 + 2 3 + 25 N= = 11,4 5 M = 11 + 4 = 15 M

M s sinh vin 40200283 (X=2, Y=8, Z=3) N 2 + 2 8 + 2 3 + 25 N= = 9,8 5 M = 9 + 8 = 17 M I. M t vn A. Bi ton 1

Cho s u dy khi ng v o chiu ng c KB 3 pha (bng cch o 2 pha): A B C Stop K1 K2 Run1 K2 K1 Run2 K1 K2 D2 K2 b) Mch iu khin bng relay (rle) K1 D1

~
Cch vn hnh

ng c KB 3 pha

a) Mch ng lc

Nhn nt Run1: ng c quay theo chiu thun, n 1 sng. Nhn nt Run2: ng c quay theo chiu ngc, n 2 sng. Nhn nt Stop dng ng c, cng nh ngt in ng c trc khi i chiu quay. Nu ng c ang quay th khng th o chiu c.
Phn 1: PLC Trang 22

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B. Bi ton 2

S u dy mch ng lc khi ng v o chiu ng c KB tng t nh phn A, tuy nhin c bn nt nhn Run1, Run2, Dir, v Stop. Cch vn hnh Nhn nt Run1: ng c quay theo chiu thun, n 1 sng. Nhn nt Run2: ng c quay theo chiu ngc, n 2 sng. Nhn nt DIR o chiu ng c, ng c khng o chiu ngay m phi sau mt khong thi gian ngt in l M giy. Trong thi gian ny n 3 nhp nhy vi tn s 1 Hz (c th dng SM0.5 hay Timer). Nhn nt Stop dng ng c.
C. Bi ton 3

S u dy khi ng v o chiu ng c KB, khi ng Y ( gim dng in khi ng).

K1

K2

K3

K4

U1

Khi u dy ng c KB(hnh b)
U2

W1 V1

V2

W2

K5 a) Mch ng lc b) Khi u dy ng c U1-U2 , V1-V2 , W1-W2 l cc cun dy stator ca ng c KB (3 pha) Qui trnh khi ng: ng cc tip im K5. Sau 50 ms ng tip cc tip im K3. Thi gian khi ng l M s, sau khong thi gian ny th ngt cc tip im K5 trong khi vn ng K3.
Sau 50 ms th ng cc tip im K4.

* Cch vn hnh: Nhn nt Run1: ng c khi ng Y/D theo chiu thun, n 1 sng. Nhn nt Run2: ng c khi ng Y/D theo chiu ngc, n 2 sng.
Nhn nt Stop dng ng c, cng nh ngt in ng c trc khi i chiu quay.

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Hng dn: C th vit phn khi ng Y/ thnh mt chng trnh con, chng trnh con khi ng ny c th c gi trong chng trnh chnh.

Chng trnh chnh

Chng trnh con

Chng trnh chnh gi chng trnh con

II. Ni dung th nghim

1. Tm hiu cch hot ng ca s u dy. Xc nh s tn hiu vo/ra cho mi bi ton. 2. Lp trnh trn PC dng PLC thc hin chc nng iu khin cho tng bi ton. a. V s u dy dng PLC. b. V s iu khin dng LAD. 3. Np chng trnh iu khin vo PLC v kim tra hot ng ca PLC.

Phn 1: PLC

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Vn 2 (Bi 2) IU KHIN QU TRNH THEO THI GIAN

Trong bi th nghim ny, cc anh ch s dng n s M, c tnh theo m s sinh vin nh sau:
Bng 2 M s sinh vin ...XYZ (X, Y, Z l ba ch s cui ca m s sinh vin) N 2 X + Y + 2Z + 28 N= = ab, c 5 (a c th nhn gi tr 0) M = ab + c M

Cc anh ch phi trnh by li Bng 2 ng vi m s sinh vin ca chnh mnh trong bi bo co. V d:
M s sinh vin 402002893 (X=8, Y=9, Z=3) N 2 8 + 9 + 2 3 + 28 N= = 11,8 5 M = 11 + 8 = 19 M I. M t vn

Cho mt qui trnh ng gi trong cng nghip nh sau: Phu rt hng Nam chm M2 Cm bin m Count ng c M1 Thng cha hng

Khi khi ng th ng c M1 dng ko bng ti phi mt 5 giy a h thng bng ti chy n nh. Cn M giy a mt gi hng i t u n cui bng ti xp vo thng. Np ca phu rt hng M2 c iu khin m hoc ng bng cch cp in (ng vi m) hoc khng cp in (ng vi ng), ngi ta dng mt b m (counter) hot ng trn nguyn tc s dng cm bin m dng t bo quang in hoc contact hnh trnh. Mi hp s ng 10 gi hng (ly v d).

u tin ngi vn hnh nhn nt START khi ng ng c M1 v b nh thi gian th

nht (timer loi on-delay). Sau 5 giy (chng hn), khi bng ti chy n nh th b timer th nht bt u iu khin nam chm M2 m np phu cho hng ri xung bng ti. Khi s gi hng qui nh (chng hn, 10 gi) cho mt thng th b m ln s iu khin : + ng np phu bng cch ngng cung cp in cho M2. + Khi ng b timer (loi on-delay) th hai ( nh thi gian M giy).

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Sau M giy, reset gi tr b m v 0 nh ban u; cung cp in tr li cho M2, np phu m ra v chu k chuyn hng mi s t ng bt u. Dy chuyn c dng hot ng bng cch nhn nt STOP.
II. Ni dung th nghim

1. Xc nh s tn hiu vo v ra cn lin kt vi PLC. 2. Lp trnh trn PC dng PLC thc hin chc nng iu khin. a. V s u dy dng PLC. b. V s iu khin dng LAD. 3. Np chng trnh iu khin vo PLC v kim tra hot ng ca PLC.

Phn 1: PLC

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Vn 3 (Bi 2) IU KHIN DY CHUYN CNG NGHIP

Trong bi ny, cc anh ch s dng n s M, c tnh theo m s sinh vin nh sau: Bng 3 M s sinh vin ...XYZ (X, Y, Z l ba ch s cui ca m s sinh vin) N X + 2Y + 2 Z + 30 N= = ab, c 5 (a c th nhn gi tr 0) M = ab + c M Cc anh ch phi trnh by li Bng 3 ng vi m s sinh vin ca chnh mnh trong bi bo co. V d:
M s sinh vin 402002893 (X=8, Y=9, Z=3) N 8 + 2 9 + 2 3 + 30 N= = 12,4 5 M = 12 + 4 = 16 M I. M t vn

Cho mt dy chuyn cng nghip nh sau:

S1

S2

M1

C1 Vng lm vic

C2

M2

Dy chuyn c mt cm bin quang S1 pht hin sn phm ang i vo vng lm vic (workcell). Cm bin quang S2 c dng pht hin cc sn phm i ra khi vng lm vic. Ng ra PLC iu khin bng ti M1 chy v m ca C1, cho php sn phm i vo vng lm vic; ng thi iu khin bng ti M2 chy v m ca C2, cho php sn phm i ra khi vng lm vic. B iu khin m s sn phm trong vng lm vic thng qua cc cm bin S1 v S2. Nu c hn M sn phm trong vng lm vic th bng ti u vo M1 s c dng. Nu khng c sn phm no trong vng lm vic (dng lnh so snh) th bng ti u ra M2 s c ngng. Nu bng ti u vo c dng hn 10 giy th b m s c reset v khng (cho rng cc sn phm cn trong vng lm vic s b loi b) v (bng ti M1) t ng bt u li. u tin ngi vn hnh nhn nt START, n RUN bo hiu h thng bt u lm vic, bng ti M1 khi ng , dy chuyn vn hnh theo quy trnh nu trn. Dy chuyn c dng hot ng bng cch nhn nt STOP, n RUN tt.

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II. Ni dung th nghim

1. Xc nh s tn hiu vo v ra cn lin kt vi PLC. 2. Lp trnh trn PC dng PLC thc hin chc nng iu khin. a. V s u dy dng PLC. b. V s iu khin dng LAD. 3. Np chng trnh iu khin vo PLC v kim tra hot ng ca PLC.

Phn 1: PLC

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Vn 4 (Bi 2) IU KHIN BI U XE
Trong bi ny, cc anh ch s dng n s M, c tnh theo m s sinh vin nh sau: Bng 4 M s sinh vin ...XYZ (X, Y, Z l ba ch s cui ca m s sinh vin) N 2 X + Y + 2 Z + 32 N= = ab, c 5 (a c th nhn gi tr 0) M = ab + c M Cc anh ch phi trnh by li Bng 4 ng vi m s sinh vin ca chnh mnh trong bi bo co. V d:
M s sinh vin 402002893 (X=8, Y=9, Z=3) N 2 8 + 9 + 2 3 + 32 N= = 12,6 5 M = 12 + 6 = 18 M I. M t vn

Bi u xe c m t nh hnh v sau: PS1 D1 FULL Bi u xe c hai ca vo D1 v ra D2 c ng m c lp nhau, ti mi ca c mt cm bin pht hin c xe n gn PS1 v PS2 (chng hn cm bin quang,...). Sc cha ca bi u xe l hu hn (ly v d l M ch), gi thit l cc xe c cng kch thc chun no (v d, cng l xe con 4 ch). Ti ca vo c mt n tn hiu bo ht ch FULL, n ny c bt ln khi bi u xe ht ch xe. Nt nhn Reset cho php xc nh bi xe ang trng. Khi c xe n gn ca vo (do cm bin PS1 bo v) th ca vo D1 s c m ra trong mt khong thi gian no (chng hn M+5 giy) cho xe i vo bi, tr khi tn hiu FULL ang bt (ca s khng m khi c xe n gn trong trng hp ny). Khi c xe n gn ca ra D2 (do cm bin PS2 bo v) th ca ra D2 s c m ra trong mt khong thi gian no (chng hn M+5 giy) cho xe i khi bi. Mt b m c dng m s xe hin c trong bi (s c tng ln mt n v khi c mt xe i vo v c gim mt n v khi c mt xe i ra), v s bt tn hiu FULL bo ht ch khi s xe trong bi t gii hn sc cha ca bi.
Phn lm thm (khng bt buc): i vi cc ca D1 v D2, khi c nng hay h u c kim tra bng cc cng tc hnh trnh (mt cng tc hnh trnh bo ca h ti a, v mt cng tc hnh trnh bo ca nng ln ti a).

PS2 D2

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II. Ni dung th nghim

1. Xc nh s tn hiu vo v ra cn lin kt vi PLC. 2. Lp trnh trn PC dng PLC thc hin chc nng iu khin. a. V s u dy dng PLC. b. V s iu khin dng LAD. 3. Np chng trnh iu khin vo PLC v kim tra hot ng ca PLC.

Phn 1: PLC

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Vn 5 (Bi 2) IU KHIN PHN LOI V M SN PHM

Trong bi ny, cc anh ch s dng n s M, c tnh theo m s sinh vin nh sau: Bng 5 M s sinh vin ...XYZ (X, Y, Z l ba ch s cui ca m s sinh vin) N X + 2Y + 2 Z + 26 N= = ab, c 5 (a c th nhn gi tr 0) M = ab + c M Cc anh ch phi trnh by li Bng 5 ng vi m s sinh vin ca chnh mnh trong bi bo co. V d:
M s sinh vin 402002893 (X=8, Y=9, Z=3) N 8 + 2 9 + 2 3 + 26 N= = 11.6 5 M = 11 + 6 = 17 M I. M t vn Cho mt dy chuyn cng nghip phn loi v m sn phm theo tiu chun sau: d l chiu di ca sn phm vo. L l chiu di ti a ca thnh phm yu cu. - Nu d L xem nh sn phm qu kh. - Nu d < L xem nh sn phm va. Gi s rng khong cch gia 2 sn phm lin tip lun ln hn d. Cc cm bin X1v X2 t di bng chuyn dng phn loi sn phm. Yu cu: - Xc nh v nhp s sn phm va cn m cho mi thng hng (M sn phm). - Nhn nt START (NO) khi ng dy chuyn (Motor: M = 1). - Ch 5 giy bng chuyn chy n nh. Sau cho php a sn phm vo (Enable: EN=1). - Bt u qu trnh phn loi v m sn phm loi va (d < L, R=0). Nu l sn phm qu kh (ph phm) th xut tn hiu loi b (Remove: R=1 - iu khin cn gt ph phm ra ngoi). Tn hiu ny c gi (R = 1) cho n khi c sn phm k tip vo.

Phn 1: PLC

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OUTPUT

PLC S7
INPUT L X1 X2

Loi va

Sn phm R Ph phm

EN M

Khi s sn phm yu cu th xut tn hiu bo y (FULL = 1) v tm ngng a sn phm vo bng chuyn (EN = 0). - Ch M+5 giy, sau xo b m, reset tn hiu bo y (FULL = 0); cho sn phm chy vo (EN = 1) v t ng tip tc chu k mi qu trnh phn loi v m. - Nhn nt STOP (NO) dng dy chuyn. (Hng dn: c th dng thm cc lnh CTUD, P, SET, RESET,)
II. Ni dung th nghim 1. Xc nh s tn hiu vo v ra cn lin kt vi PLC. 2. Lp trnh trn PC dng PLC thc hin chc nng iu khin. a. V s u dy dng PLC. b. V s iu khin dng LAD. 3. Np chng trnh iu khin vo PLC v kim tra hot ng ca PLC.

Phn 1: PLC

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CHNG 3 HNG DN LM BI CHUN B V BI BO CO TH NGHIM

================================================================== H v tn: MSSV: Nhm: 1. M t bi ton (vn ): M t i tng, cc quy lut iu khin cn t c. 2. S ni dy PLC: V s ni dy PLC cho bi ton (s th hin r chc nng ca tng u vo, u ra ca PLC c s dng). 3. Lp trnh chng trnh iu khin: V s LADDER ca chng trnh, s th hin r tng network, c gii thch. 4. Gii thch hot ng ca chng trnh: Gii thch hot ng ca chng trnh vit (theo qui trnh hay theo tng Network) 5. Nhn xt: Nu ln cc u khuyt im ca h thng s dng PLC v ca chng trnh. ================================================================== ================================================================= H v tn: MSSV: Nhm: 1. M t bi ton (vn ): M t i tng, cc quy lut iu khin cn t c. 2. S ni dy PLC: V s ni dy PLC cho bi ton (s th hin r chc nng ca tng u vo, u ra ca PLC c s dng). 3. Lp trnh chng trnh iu khin: V s LADDER ca chng trnh, s th hin r tng network, c gii thch. 4. Gii thch hot ng ca chng trnh: Gii thch hot ng ca chng trnh vit (theo qui trnh hay theo tng Network) 5. Nhn xt: Nu ln cc u khuyt im ca h thng s dng PLC v ca chng trnh. Phn 1: PLC Trang 33
BO CO TH NGHIM KT 1 CHUN B TH NGHIM KT 1

BI 1(2), VN 1 (2, 3, 4, 5) (TN BI TN)

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BI 1(2), VN 1 (2, 3, 4, 5) (TN BI TN)

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