UNIT

Nabawiya Musa : ( early 20th century feminist / educationalist )

Nabawiya Musa is famous because she was the first

Egyptian woman to go to high school. When she became older
she helped other women to succeed in education and work. In
1908, she wrote a book about girls education. Later she
became the headmistress of Al-Mohammadia school for girls.

-------------------------------------------------------------------Dr Zahi Hawass : ( archaeologist )

Dr Zahi Hawass is one of the most famous

archaeologists in the world. He often speaks on radio and
television. He sometimes writes in a magazine called Egypt
Today. He wants to bring ancient things back to Egypt from
museums outside Egypt. Egyptian people don't see these
things if they are in other countries. Dr Hawass would like the
Rosetta Stone to be in Egypt.

--------------------------------------------------------------------

Thank you Dr Farouk El-Baz

It only rains every 20-50 years in the Western Desert. However, two
million years ago very heavy rain fell there and a huge quantity of water
collected under the desert sand. Today, we need this water and the
person we have to thank for finding it is one of Egypt's most famous men,
Dr Farouk El-Baz.
Remote sensing

Dr Farouk El-Baz, who is a space scientist and a geologist, is the

Director of Remote Sensing at Boston University in the USA. He is the
world's greatest expert in remote sensing: the use of satellites to find water
under deserts. Underground water was found in the Western Desert and in
Sinai thanks to photographs which he took from satellites.
Space projects

From 1967 to 1973, Dr El-Baz, worked on the American Apollo space

project, which landed men on the moon. He gave advice on where the
astronauts should land, and told them how to collect rocks and soil on the
moon. Dr EI-Baz was born in Zagazig in 1938 and was educated at Ain
Shams University.

Ramy Ashour wins in Canada

In January 2007, Egypt's internationally famous squash

player, Ramy Ashour, won an important championship in
Canada. But what do we know about this young man?
Ramy was born in Cairo in September, 1987. At the age of
16, he became the youngest player to win the Men's World
Junior Squash Championship. In 2006, he won the
championship again. In the Hong Kong 2006 Championship, he
was second. He lost to another Egyptian player, Amr Shabana.
Ramy's older brother, Hisham Ashour, is also an expert squash
player.

--------------------------------------------------------------

Dr. Ahmed Zewail

Ahmed Zewail was born in 1946 in Egypt where he grew
up. He went to Alexandria University. He finished his studies in
the United States In 1974.After this, Dr Zewail worked at the
University of California. In 1976 he became a professor at the
California Institute of Technology. In 1997,at the age of
52,DrZewail won the Benjamin Franklin Prize because he
discovered the femto second, which is one millionth of one
billionth of a second. Many scientists, students and important
people came to the ceremony and saw Dr Zewail receive his
prize. Two years later, Dr Zewail got the Nobel Prize for
Chemistry. Dr Zewail now lives in California and has four
children. His wife, Dema Zewail, is a doctor. He now helps
scientists to make new medicines.

--------------------------------------------------------------

Neil Armstrong
Neil Armstrong was the first man to walk on the moon. In 1969 he
landed on the moon. Neil Armstrong went to the moon with Buzz Aldrin.
They stayed on the moon for nearly 90 minutes the first day .The next day
they collected rocks and soils ,took a lot of photographs and sent back
more television pictures to the earth.

------------------------------------------------------------- Dr Samira Moussa : ( Nuclear Scientist ) :

 Naguib Mahfouz : (Nobel Laureate / Author) :

Definitions
1- Astronaut

- Someone who travels and works in space.( space man)

2- Geologist :

- A scientist who studies what the earth is made of, how it was
made and how it has changed over time.
OR someone who studies rocks and their history.

3- Headmistress : ( female)

- A teacher who is a woman and the leader of a school.

4- Headmaster : ( male)

- A teacher who is a man and the leader of a school.

5- Archaeologist :

- A person who studies buildings and tools from the past.

6- Jewellery :

- Things that people wear round their neck, fingers, etc.

- Things that is made of gold can be very expensive.

7- Statue :

- A shape, sometimes a person or animal, made of stone or metal.

8- Ancient : (

- Very old, historical.

9- Soil :

- The layer on the earth in which plants grow.

10- Space :

- The area outside the earth's atmosphere.

11- Underground (adj) : -

- Under the surface of the earth.

12- The underground (n) :

:
- The metro.

13- Junior :

- A kind of competition for young people.

14- Expert :
:

- Someone who knows a lot about a subject or is, very good at

something.
- A person with special skill or training.

15- Photography :

:
- Taking pictures with a camera.

16- Professional :

- Doing something as a job or for money

17- Major : /
- Big, very important

18- Quiz :

- Game where people answer questions.

Vocabulary :
* famous (adj) :
* fame (n) :
* century (n) :
* educationalist(n) :
* ( educate(v) d d ):
* education (n) :
* feminist (adj) :
*(discuss(v)ed-ed):
* discussion (n) :
*(mention(v)eded):
*archaeological(adj):
* alive : dead :
* (advise (v) d d):
* advice (n) :
* succeed (v) :
* high school:
* (win (v)won-won):
* championship (n):
* champion (n) :
* project (n) :
* appearance (n) :

* ( become became
become ) :
* ancient :
modern :
* article (n) :
* museum (n) :
* stone (n) :
* rock (n) :
* (fell(v) fallfallen):
*huge=immense(adj):
* desert (n) :
* (desert(v)ed ed ):
* favourite :
* favour (n) :
* (collect(v)ed ed):
* remote sensing :

* remote (adj) = far :
* satellite (n) :
* sense (n) :
4
* take a photograph
:

* expert (adj) :
* experience (n) :
* experiment (n) :

* use (n) :
* underground water :

* Western Desert :

* (need(v)- ed ed):
* needs (n) :
* thanks to :
* photographs :

* photographer :
* space (n) :
* space ship (n) :

* university :
* monument (n) :
* prize for :

*(take(v)tooktaken):

*space scientist:
* space invasion:

*(land(v) ed ed ):
*(bear(v)bore-born):
* beautiful :
* brave :
coward :
* calm (adj) :
* ceremony :
* cheerful (adj) :
sad :
* chemistry (n) :
* chess (n) :
* first aid :
* thanks to :
* Rosetta Stone :

*The pharaohs(n):
* fit (adj) :
* magazine (n) :

* important (adj) :
* (include(v)d d):
* influence (n) :
* institute (n) :
* interesting (adj) :
* internationally famous:

*make medicine:
* polite (adj) :
*popular(adj):-
unpopular :
* points (n) :
* professional :
amateur :
* receive (v) :
* sand (n) :
* (score (v) d d ):
* talent (n) :
* talented (adj) :
* The Pan-Arab Games :

* hard working :
lazy :

* professor (n) :
* ordinary (adj) :
* project (n) :
* quality (n) :
* qualities (n) :
* quantity :
* race (n) :
* railway :
* finger (n) :
* forget (v) :
remember :
* funny (adj) :
* appearance (n) :
* goal = aim :
* society = community :

* squash :
* competition (n) :

* technology (n) :
* director (n) :) )
* critical :
*(wear -wore-worn):

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

What is the difference Between .. ?

* ( Discover (v) ed ed ) :) )
* ( Invent (v) ed ed ) :) )
* ( Explore (v) d d ) :) )
Exs:
- Ahmed Zewail discovered the femto second.
- Gerham Bell invented the telephone.
- Columbus explored America.
----------------------------------------------------------------------

* ( Win (v) won won ) :) )

* ( Beat (v) beaten beaten ) : ) )
* ( Gain (v) ed ed ) :) )
* ( Gain (v) ed ed ) :) )
* ( Earn (v) ed ed ) :
Exs:
- El Ahly will win the African Cup. - Menna gained a lot of information
- America could beat Iraq.
5 from the conference.
- Ali gained three kilos in weight.
- Menna earned 1000 L.E.

*
( work )

( factory OR Plant )
.

* Job :) )
Jobs ( a )
* Work : ) )
( a )
* Career :
* Profession :
* Occupation :
) )

*
( work )

Exs:
- My father has got a job as a doctor.
- I have a lot of work to do.
- When does she leave work?
* award :
* reward :
* present :
* a ward : ( ( /
Exs:
-

Dr Zewail won this award 3 weeks ago.

The teacher gave Menna this pen as a reward.
My uncle gave me a present on my birthday party.
Take this patient to a ward No. Four.
* ( grow (v) grew grown ) :
* ( grow up (v) grew up grown up ) :) )

Exs:
- Plants rarely grow in the desert.
- When he grew up, he got a good job.
* Biography :
* Autobiography :

Exs:
- Anwar El Sadat wrote his autobiography.
- The journalist wrote the biography of this famous woman.
* Hear :
* Listen to :) )
Exs:
- While I was walking in the street, I heard someone crying.
- I always listen to the Holy Quran in the morning.

* other + ( )
* another + ( ) ( )
Exs:
- I will buy other countries.
- I will read another story.
- I will buy another two books.
* ( bear (v) bore born ) :
* ( bear (v) bore borne ) :
Exs:
- Menna was born in 2007.
- Your insults cant be borne.
* ( 's ) :
* ( s' ) :
Exs:
- Girls school :
- Girls school :
* later :
* latter :
Exs:
- Ill discuss the matter with you later.
- The latter choice is better.
* made of :) )
* made from :) )
Exs:
- The bag is made of leather.
- Electricity is made from water.

* show + ( ) + how to + ( : ( .....

Ex:
- I showed Ali how to repair his car.

* the first + . + to + ( )
Ex:
- Ali is the first to answer the question.

* astronaut :
* astronomer
:
7

Note The Following

* famous for :
* TV programme :

* give back :) )
* write in magazine :

* do a quiz about :

* at the age of :
* speak for :
* expert ( in / on ) :
* kind of / sort of :
* peoples lives :
* succeed in :
* success (n) :
* successful (adj) :
* successfully (adv) :

* hear about :
* on TV :
* on the radio :
* bring back :) )
* (be) interested in :
-
* thank . for :

* sports stars :
* useful for :
* walk on the moon :

* land on the moon :

* ask about :
* tools :
* good for : -

* girls education =
education for girls :

* speak on TV :

* (be) called :
* work on :
( )
* know about :
* speak about :
* write for :

* manage to :
* live in :) )
* give up :
* good at :
* (float (v) ed ed):

----------------------------------------------------------------------

Language Functions

* Write a paragraph of seven sentences about :

A person you like who is famous or who you know well

Verbs & Nouns

* ( play / ed / ed ) :
* play a trick on :
* play a game :
* play a role :
* play chess :
* play music :

* play a part :
* play with fire :
* play the piano :
* play football :

-------------------------------------------------------------

* ( give / gave / given ) :

* give advice on :

* give a lecture :
* give a call :
* give a warning :

* give a party :
* give a speech :
* give a ring :
* give an example :

* give help :

* give information:

* give points :
* give a prize :
* give a talk :
* give medicine :

-------------------------------------------------------------

* ( make / made / made ) :

* make a discovery :
* make a trouble :

* make a choice :
* make a question :

* make a decision :
* make the beds:
* make a trip :
* make a plan :
* make a journey :

* make a mistake :
* make friends :
* make a suggestion :
* make a promise :
* make a phone call :

-------------------------------------------------------------

* ( do / did / done ) :
* do research :
* do homework :
* do PhD :
* do work :
* do a hobby :
* do damage :

* do a favour :
* do shopping :
* do better :
* do a report on :
* do exercise :
* do the housework :

* do repairs :
* do business :

* do his best :

* do a quiz :

-------------------------------------------------------------

* ( score / scored / scored )

* score a goal :

* score a point :

-------------------------------------------------------------

* ( take / took / taken )

* take responsibility :

* take a test :
* take drugs :

* take photos :
* take a risk :
* take care :
9
* take a rest :
* take an exam :

* take pills :
* take medicine :
* take advice :
* take money :
* take exercise :

* ( win / won / won )

* win a cup :
* win a game :
* win a prize :

* win a medal :
* win a championship :

-------------------------------------------------------------

Questions & Answers

1- Why is Nabawiya Musa famous ?
---- Because was the first Egyptian woman to go to high school.
2- What did Nabawiya Musa do when she became older ?
---- She helped other women to succeed in education and work.
3- What did Nabawiya Musa do in 1908 ?
---- She wrote a book about girls education.
4- What did Nabawiya Musa work after writing a book ?
---- She became the headmistress of Al-Mohammadia school for girls.
------------------------------------------------------------1- What is the job of Dr Zahi Hawass ?
---- He is one of the most famous archaeologists in the world.
2- Where does he speak and write ?
---- He often speaks on radio and TV. He sometimes writes in a magazine called
Egypt Today.
3- What does he want? Why?
---- He wants to bring ancient things back to Egypt from museums outside Egypt.
Because Egyptian people dont see these things if they are in other countries.
4- What would Dr Hawass like to be in Egypt?
---- The Rosetta Stone.
------------------------------------------------------------1- What is the difference between the rain now and two million years ago ?
---- Now it only rains every 20 50 years in the Western Desert. Two million years
ago very heavy rain fell and a huge quantity of water collected under the desert
sand.
2- Why should we thank Dr Farouk El-Baz ?
---- Because he found the underground water.
3- What does Dr El-Baz do ?
---- He is a space scientist and a geologist.
4- Where and when was Dr El-Baz born and educated ?
---- He was born in Zagazig, in Egypt in 1938. He was educated at Ain Shams
University.
5- What is the job of Dr El-Baz ?

10

---- He is the director of Remote Sensing at Boston University in the USA.

6- What is he expert in ?
---- He is the worlds greatest expert in remote sensing.

7- What is remote sensing ?

---- It is the use of Satellites find water under the desert.
8- How was the underground water found in Sinai ?
---- By photographs which Dr El-Baz took from satellites.
9- How long did Dr El-Baz work on the American Apollo Space Project ?
---- From 1967 to 1973.
10- How did Dr El-Baz advise astronauts who landed on the moon ?
---- He gave them advice on where to land and how to collect rocks and soil on the
moon.
11- What do you think of Dr El-Baz ?
---- He is loyal to his homeland, Egypt. Although he works in America, he never
forgets Egypt.
12- How did Dr El-Baz help Egypt ?
---- His photographs which he tool from satellites helped us to find a huge quantity of
underground in the Western Desert.
------------------------------------------------------------1- Where and when was Ramy Ashour ?
---- In Cairo, in September 1987.
2- What did Ramy win at the age of sixteen?
---- He became the youngest player to win the Mens World Junior Squash
Championship.
3- How many times did he win the Mens World Junior Squash Championship?
---- Two times. The first one was in 2003 and 2006.
------------------------------------------------------------1- When and Where was Ahmed Zewail born ?
---- In 1946, in Egypt.
2- Where did he study ? Where did he finish his studies ?
---- He studied in Alexandria University. He finished his studies in the United States.
3- When and where did he became a professor ?
---- In 1976 at the California Institute of Technology.
4- When and why did he win the Benjamin Franklin Prize ?
---- In 1997, at the age of 52. Because he discovered the femto second.
5- What is the femto second ?
---- It is one millionth of one billionth of a second.
6- What did Dr Zewail get the Nobel Prize for ?
---- He got the Nobel Prize for Chemistry.
7- Where does Dr Zewail live now ?
---- He now lives in California.
8- How many children does he have ?

11

---- He has four children.

9- What is the job of his wife ?
---- His wife Dema Zewail is a doctor.

10- What does he do now ?

---- He now helps scientists to make new medicines.
------------------------------------------------------------1- What was Neil Armstrong famous for ?
---- He was the first man to walk on the moon.
2- When did Neil Armstrong land on the moon ?
---- In 1969.
3- With whom did Neil Armstrong go to the moon ?
---- With Buzz Aldrin.
4- How long did they stay on the moon ?
---- For nearly 90 minutes in the first day. In the next day, they collected rocks and
soils, took a lot of photographs and sent back more TV pictures to the earth.
-------------------------------------------------------------

Creative Questions

1- How can scientists like Dr El-Baz change lives of people ?

---- They can help people to find water, oil and metals under deserts. Water will
change the deserts into green land. Oil and metals are important for industry.
2- What qualities can make such great scientists like Dr El-Baz ?
---- A successful scientist must be hard-working, intelligent, clever, careful and
knowledgeable.
3- Can these qualities make sports stars like Ramy Ashour, as well ?
---- Yes. A sports star must be hard working, clever, intelligent, patient, careful and
train hard everyday.
4- What can great scientists and sports stars give back to their countries ?
---- First, their countries are proud of them. They set examples to young people. And
they can help their countries each in his field.
5- Should all successful people give something back to society ?
---- Yes. Because they grow up, educated and became successful with the help of the
society.
6- Do you think Ramy felt surprised when he won the Junior Squash
Championship ? Why?
---- Yes, because he didnt expect so.
7- Why do you think, did Ramy Ashour become such a good squash player ?
---- Because he was born of a sporty family, his elder brother is a squash player, too.
-------------------------------------------------------------

12

Unit 1
Grammar
The Present Simple & continuous Tenses

( 1 ) The Present Simple Tense :
:
Exs: - I go to school by car.

- He reads a nice story.

.
- It rains very heavy.

:
. -1
Exs: - The sun rises in the east.
- The Nile runs in Africa.
. -2
Exs: - He usually watches TV in the evening.
- I always go to school on foot.
. -3
Ex: - He works as a teacher.

:
:

. ( 1 )
( always : & usually : & sometimes : & occasionally :&
often : & frequently : & regularly : & ever & never
& How often : & rarely : & scarcely : & seldom :)
:
.( v. to be ) *
Exs: - He usually comes to work late.
- He is always a punctual.

. ( 2 )
( every : & in the morning & in the afternoon & in the evening &
at night & at noon )
:
. *
Exs: - I go to school everyday.
- Everyday, I go to school.
------------------------------------------------------------

The present Simple Tense in Negative

( dont / doesnt ) + ( )

13

{ }

never + ( )
{ }

Exs:
* Ali plays football well.
( Negative )
Ali doesnt play football well.
Ali never plays football well.
-------------------------------------------------------------

The Present Simple in Passive

( ) + ( am / is / are ) + ( p.p. ) + . + ( by + )

: *
:
( no one & nobody )
. ( by )
Exs:
( ) +
(am / is
+ not + (p.p.)
* Somebody
washes
the/ are)
car everyday.
The car is washed everyday.
* Nobody kills the insects.
( The insects )
The insects are not killed.

: *
.
.
: *

( The(car
)
someone
& somebody )

Grammar
The Past Simple Tense

:
Exs: - I went to school by car.

.
- She played football.

:
. -1
Ex:

- We visited England in 1990.

. -2

Ex:

- When I was a boy, I played football everyday.

. -3
Ex: - Ali traveled to Alex. He met his friends on the train. One of his friends fell ill.
They went to hospital. He had an operation.
14
:
( used to ) ... ( used to ) *
. ( ( ) when )

:
yesterday & ago & in the past & in the ancient times & one day & last
& the previous & in + & once & once upon a time &
from ( ) to ( & ) How long ago

Ex:

:
. ( always & sometimes & often ) : *
- I always got up early when I was a student.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

The Past Simple in Passive

( ) + ( was / were ) + ( p.p. ) + . + ( by + )
Exs:
* The boy broke the window.
( The window )
The window was broken by the boy.
* Ahmed Shawky wrote some beautiful poetry. ( Some beautiful poetry )
Some beautiful poetry was written by Ahmed Shawky.
* Dr Aisha wrote several books about The Prophets Wives
Several books were written about The Prophets Wives by Dr Aisha.
------------------------------------------------------

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