Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Course Objectives
After completing this course, you should be able to: Help you to prepare for the PMP Certification Exam Make the most of limited study time for taking the PMP exam Become familiar with the exam format and question types Develop a personal study plan
It demonstrates proof of professional achievement. It increases your marketability. It provides greater opportunity for advancement in your field. It raises customer confidence in you and in your companys services.
Project Definition A project is : A temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique product, service, or result
Project Definition
Temporary: Projects have a definite beginning and end. Projects are unique: first time not repetitive. Progressively: proceeding in steps Elaborated: worked with care and detail
Project Definition
Projects end when their objectives have been reached or the project has been terminated. Scope of project should remain constant even as characteristics are progressively elaborated.
Examples of projects
Developing a new product, service, or result. Effecting a change in the structure, processes, staffing, or style of an organization. Developing or acquiring a new or modified information system (hardware or software). Conducting a research effort Constructing a building, or infrastructure. Implementing, improving, or enhancing existing business processes and procedures.
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Project Management
The application of knowledge, skills, tools and techniques to project activities in order to meet the project requirements, through the appropriate application and integration of the 47 logically grouped project management processes, which are categorized into five Process Groups. Initiating, Planning, Executing, Monitoring and Controlling, and Closing.
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Is the person assigned by the performing organization to achieve the project objectives. Characteristics of the Project Manager: knowledge: what the P.M. knows about project management. Performance: what is the P.M. able to do. Personal: how the P.M. behaves.
Project Constraints
Quality / Scope Defines the specifications of the work of the project. Cost / Resources Requires constant monitoring, immediate corrective action Schedule / Time Most likely to change
Program Management
Program management A group of related projects managed in a coordinated way to obtain benefits and control not available from managing them individually.
Ex. a new communications satellite system.
Portfolio Management
Portfolio management A collection of projects or programs and other work that are grouped together to facilitate effective management of that work to meet strategic business objectives. Ex. an infrastructure firm makes a portfolio that
Includes a mix of projects in oil and gas, power.
Projects and Operational Work Operational Work Planned, executed & Controlled series of tasks and activities Constrained by limited resources to produce an output/product.
operation Projects
Temporary
Unique output
Organizational Influences on Project Management Organizational Structure PMI Defines 5 types of Organizational Structure: Functional Organizations. Projectized Organizations. Weak Matrix Organizations. Balanced Matrix Organizations. Strong Matrix Organizations.
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Functional Organization
C.E.O
Project coordination
Functional Manager
Functional Manager
Functional Manager
Functional Manager
Staff
Staff
Staff
Staff
Staff
Staff
Staff
Staff
Projectized Organization
Project coordination
C.E.O
Project Manager
Project Manager
Project Manager
Project Manager
Staff
Staff
Staff
Staff
Staff
Staff
Staff
Staff
Functional Manager
Functional Manager
Functional Manager
Functional Manager
Staff
Staff
Staff
Staff
Staff
Staff
Staff
Staff
Project coordination
Functional Manager
Functional Manager
Functional Manager
Functional Manager
Staff
Staff
Staff
Staff
Project manager
Staff
Staff
Staff
Project coordination
Functional Manager
Functional Manager
Functional Manager
Staff
Staff
Staff
Project manager
Staff
Staff
Staff
Project manager
Project coordination
Organizational Structure
Organization Structure
Project Characteristics
Functional
Little or None
Weak Matrix
Weak Few Available
Balanced Matrix
Balanced w/ Funct. Some Available
Strong Matrix
Strong Mostly Available PM
Projectized
Complete Available PM Dedicated
PM Authority
Resource None / few Availability Available Budget Control Project Team PMs Title
Expeditor
Include any or all process related assets, from any or all of the organizations involved in the project. Components may include: 1.Processes and Procedures Organizational standard processes Templates Organization communication requirements Project closure guidelines Financial Control procedures Change Control procedures
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2.Corporate Knowledge Base Projects files. Historical Information. Issues & defect management databases. Financial databases
Project stakeholders
A stakeholder is someone whose interests may be positively or negatively impacted by the project.
Project Governance
Project governance is an oversight function that is aligned with the organizations governance model and that encompasses the project life cycle. Project governance involves stakeholders as well as documented policies, procedures, and standards; responsibilities; and authorities.
Project Governance
Elements of project governance framework : Project success and deliverable acceptance criteria. Process to identify, escalate, and resolve issues. Relationship among the project team, and external stakeholders. Project organization chart that define project roles. Processes and procedures for communication. Project decision-making processes.
Project Team
Project management staff. Project staff. Supporting experts. User or Customer Representatives. Business partner. Business partners members.
Project Team
Composition of Project Teams
It varies based on factors such as organizational culture, scope, and location. The relationship between the project manager and the team varies depending on the authority of the project manager.
Project Team
Examples of basic project team compositions: Dedicated: all or a majority of the project team members are assigned to work fulltime on the project. Part-Time: Some projects are established as temporary additional work, with part-time team members may also be assigned to more than one project at a time
Phase 1
Phase 2
Phase 3
Project Phases
A project phase is a collection of logically related project activities that lead to the completion of one or more deliverables. A project may be divided into any number of phases. All phases have similar characteristics: The work has a distinct focus that differs from any other phase. Achieving the objective of the phase requires controls or processes unique to the phase or its activities. The closure of a phase ends with the transfer or handoff of the work produced as the phase deliverable.
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Project Phases
Phase-to-Phase Relationships
Project Management
Time Management
Integration Management Scope Management
Cost Management
Quality Management
Procurement Management
Communications Management
Risk Management
Stakeholder Management
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Start Project
End Project
Project Management Process Groups Initiating process group performed to define a new project or a new phase of an existing project. Planning process group performed to establish the total scope of the effort, define and refine the objectives, and develop the course of action required to attain those objectives.
Project Management Process Groups Executing process group performed to complete the work defined in the project management plan to satisfy the project specifications. Monitoring and Controlling process group the processes required to track, review, and regulate the progress and performance of the project. Closing process group performed to formally complete the project, phase, or contractual obligations. Arch. Sherif Elwishahy, PMP
Project manager develops the preliminary project scope statement and the project management plan
The Project management plan is bought into, approved, realistic, and formal
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The planning processes develop the project management plan and project documents. As more information is known about the project additional planning may be required. The progressive detailing of the project management plan is called ( rolling wave planning) The project management plan defines how the project is executed, monitored, controlled, and closed.
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Project plan execution involves managing and performing the work described in the project plan. The majority of time and money is usually spent on execution. The application area of the project directly affects project execution. The outcomes of the project are realized during and after the execution stage.
Track and review actual project accomplishments and results to project plans. Help team and management take corrective action early when project performance varies significantly from original plans. Tracks all major project variables Cost Time Scope Quality of Deliverables
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Administrative Closure : generating necessary information to formally recognize Phase or project completion. Contract Close-out : completion and delivery of project deliverables and resolving open issues such as: Procurement Audits Product Verification Formal Acceptance Lessons Learned Update Records Archive Records Release Team
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Project Information
Work performance data: The raw observations and measurements identified during activities performed Work performance information: The performance data collected from various controlling processes, Work performance reports: The physical or electronic representation of work performance information
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Project Information
Question No : 1
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a project? A. Constrained by limited resources B. Planned, executed, and controlled C. Creates a unique product or service D. Ongoing and repetitive
Question No : 2
In your organization, all big technical projects go through Initiate, Analyze, Design, Implement, Test, and Closeout. In this context, a project life cycle: A. Defines the product life cycle B. Defines the project phases C. Contains several product life cycles D. Has deliverables that must be completed before work starts on the next phase
Question No : 3
You have been managing a project to construct a flyover on Interstate 10. You have divided the project into phases to provide better management control. Which of the following is a characteristic of a project phase? A. Formal phase completion necessarily includes authorization for the subsequent phase. B. A project phase can be closed with a decision not to initiate the subsequent phase. C. A project phase should not be divided into sub-phases even in complex projects, because it will be difficult to manage. D. All deliverables in the project phase should correspond to the project management process.
Question No : 4
Which of the following is not a Project Management Knowledge Area? A. Project Integration Management B. Project Procurement Management C. Project Configuration Management D. Project Communications Management
Question No : 5
You are responsible for managing a project in your company but you have least authority and have to constantly report to a functional manager. To which organizational structure does your company belong? A. Matrix B. Functional C. Projectized D. Balanced
Question No : 6
Which of the following processes occurs in the Planning Process Group? A. Identify Risks B. Manage Stakeholders Expectations C. Acquire Project Team D. Identify Stakeholders
Question No : 7
In which Process Group will work defined be completed and all the specifications of your project be satisfied? A. Planning Process Group B. Executing Process Group C. Monitoring and Controlling Process Group D. Closing Process Group
Question No : 8
The project charter is created in which Process Group ? A. Executing B. Planning C. Closing D. Initiating
Question No : 9
The person who should be in control of the project during the planning is the : A. Project manager B. Team member C. Functional manager D. Sponsor
Question No : 10
Which of the following is a characteristic of project management processes ? A. Iterative B. Unique C. Unnecessary D. Standardized
Integration is What?
Its best described as putting all other management processes of the project into a cohesive whole.
4. Integration Management
Initiating
4.1
Planning
Executing
4.2
4.3
4.4
Monitoring
4.5
Closing
2. Facilitation Techniques Brainstorming, conflict resolution, problem solving, and meeting management are examples of key techniques used by facilitators to help teams and individuals accomplish project activities.
Develop Project Management Plan is the process of documenting the actions necessary to define, prepare, integrate, and coordinate all subsidiary plans.
2. Outputs from Planning Processes Outputs of the planning processes described in Chapters 5 through 12 are integrated to create the project management plan. Any baselines and subsidiary management plans that are an output from other planning processes are inputs to this process. Updates to these documents can necessitate updates to the project management plan.
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1. Expert Judgment Expert judgment is utilized to: Tailor the process to meet the project needs, Develop technical and management details. Determine resources and skill levels needed to perform project work. Determine which project documents will be subject to the formal change control process.
2. Facilitation Techniques
1. Project management Plan Integrates all of the subsidiary management plans and baselines. Schedule baseline. Cost performance baseline. Scope baseline. The life cycle selected for the project and the processes that will be applied to each phase. How work will be executed to accomplish the project objectives. A change management plan that documents how changes will be monitored and controlled.
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Direct and Manage Project Execution is the process of performing the work defined in the project management plan to achieve the projects objectives.
1. Expert Judgment: 2. Project Management Information System [PMIS]: Is used for communication and information distribution on the project. Not necessary a high tech system 3. Meetings
1. Deliverables An approved deliverable is any unique and verifiable product, result, or capability to perform a service that must be produced to complete a process, phase, or project. 2. work Performance Data: Information from project activities is routinely collected as the project progresses. Include but not limited to: Deliverable status. Schedule progress. Costs incurred.
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3. Change Requests Can be direct or indirect, externally or internally initiated, and can be optional or mandated. and can include: Corrective action. Preventive action. Defect repair. updates. 4. Project management Plan updates 5. Project Document updates
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Is the process of: Tracking, reviewing, and regulating the progress to meet the performance objectives defined in the project management plan. It can include: Collecting performance information Measuring performance information Interpreting performance information
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1. Change Requests Corrective action. Preventive action. Defect repair. 2. Work Performance Reports
Configuration: Functional and physical characteristics of a deliverable (product) as defined in technical documents and achieved in the product. Configuration item: A part that has a set of function and is designated for configuration management. Configuration management system: Provides a standardized way to centrally manage approved changes and baselines within a project.
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Configuration management system Configuration identification: Breaking down the project into configuration items, and creating a unique numbering system for each item, and establishing configuration baselines. Configuration status accounting: Provides a complete record of what happened to the configuration to date. Configuration verification and audit: Ensures that projects configuration items is correct and that corresponding changes are registered, assessed, approved, tracked, and correctly implemented.
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Is the process of: Reviewing all change requests. Approving changes. Managing changes to the deliverables, project documents, and the project management plan. The Change Control Board [CCB] can evaluate changes as part of the change control procedures.
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1. Expert Judgment.
2. Meetings
3. Change Control Tools:
Manual or automated tools may be used. Based on the needs of the project stakeholders. Used to manage the change requests and the resulting decisions.
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2. Change Log.
3. Project management Plan updates 4. Project Document updates
1. Expert judgment These experts ensure the project or phase closure is performed to the appropriate standards.
1. Final Product, Service, or Result transition This output refers to the transition of the final product, service, or result that the project was authorized to produce.
2. organizational Process assets updates Project files. Project or phase closure documents Historical information.
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Question No : 1
In a recent job interview, you are asked to define the most important characteristic of a project manager. Which of the following will be the best answer? A. Subject matter expert B. Integrator C. Creative person D. Risk minimizer
Question No : 2
Your project is nearing completion, when the customer requests you to include an additional feature in the project`s final product. The BEST course of action is to: A. Include the feature, as it will improve customer satisfaction B. Include the feature -- otherwise the product will not be accepted by the customer C. Talk with the customer and explain that the new feature does not make business sense D. Take the requirement through the change control process
Question No : 3
In your project, you are in the process of performing the work as defined in the project management plan to achieve the project`s objectives. This is done during: A. Direct and Manage Project Execution B. Develop Project Management Plan C. Monitor and Control Project Work D. Create Deliverables
Question No : 4
Project integration management includes the processes and activities needed to identify, define, combine, unify, and coordinate the various processes and project management activities. For successful project integration management, you definitely need(select the best answer): A. A strong matrix organizational structure in your company B. A good communication management plan C. Good project selection techniques D. Positive stakeholders who support the project
Question No : 5
A change in your project schedule has resulted in increased cost and risk. It has also impacted your resource plan. To coordinate changes across the entire project, you will need to rely on which of the following: A. Change control system B. Perform Integrated Change Control C. Change requests D. Changes to project plan baselines
Project Scope
Management
Define Scope
Scope
? An area in which something acts or operates or has power or control.
5.1 Plan Scope Management Is the process of: Plan Scope Management is the process of creating a scope management plan that documents how the project scope will be defined, validated, and controlled.
2. Project Charter It provides the high-level project description, and characteristics from the project statement of work.
Defining and documenting, and managing stakeholders needs, and requirements to meet the project objectives. Requirements include: Quantified and documented needs. Expectations of the sponsor. Expectations of the customer. Expectations of other stakeholders. Product Requirements: The Features and functions that characterize a product, service or result. Project Requirements: The work that needs be accomplished to deliver a product, service or result.
4. Project Charter
Is used to provide the high-level description of the product, service, or result of the project.
5.Stakeholder Register
Is used to identify stakeholders who can provide information on the requirements. Arch. Sherif Elwishahy, PMP
1. Interviews: Is a formal or informal approach to discover information from stakeholders by talking to them directly. Interviewing experienced project participants, stakeholders, and subject matter experts can aid in identifying and defining the features and functions of the desired project deliverables.
2. Focus Groups: Bring together prequalified stakeholders and subject matter experts to learn about their expectations and attitudes about the proposed product, service or result.
3. Facilitated Workshops: Are focused sessions that bring key cross-functional stakeholders together to define product requirements. For example: In S/W development Industry, (JAD) Joint Application Development or Design. In Manufacturing Industry, (QFD) Quality Function Development. Sometimes Known as (VOC) Voice Of the Customer.
4. group Creativity Techniques Brainstorming. Nominal group technique. Idea/mind mapping. Affinity diagram. Multi-criteria decision analysis.
5. Group Decision Making Techniques: Is an assessment process of multiple alternatives with an expected outcome in the form of future actions resolution. For example: Unanimity. Majority. Plurality. Dictatorship.
6. Questionnaires and Surveys: Written sets of questions designed to quickly accumulate information from wide number of respondents. Requires Statistical analysis.
7. Observation: Provide a direct way of viewing individuals in their environment and how they perform their jobs or tasks and carry out processes. Sometimes called Job Shadowing. Used to uncover hidden requirements.
8. Prototypes: Obtaining early feedback on requirements by providing a work model of the expected product before actually building it.
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9.Benchmarking Involves comparing actual or planned practices, to those of comparable organizations to provide a basis for measuring performance. The organizations compared during benchmarking can be internal or external.
10. Context Diagrams Is an example of a scope model which visually depict the product scope. It shows inputs to the business system, the actor(s) providing the input, the outputs from the business system, and the actor(s) receiving the output.
11. Document Analysis Is used to find requirements by analyzing existing documentation and identifying information relevant to the requirements. Examples of documents that may be analyzed: Business plans, Requests for proposal, Current process flows Requirements documentation, Problem/issue logs, Policies, procedures, and regulatory documentation such as laws.
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1. Requirements Documentation: Describes how individual requirements meet the business need for the project. Components may include: Business need or opportunity to be seized. Functional requirements. Quality requirements. Requirements assumptions and constraints Acceptance criteria. Support and training required.
2. Requirements Traceability Matrix: Is a table that links requirements to their origin and traces them throughout the project life cycle. Processes may include: Requirements to business needs. Requirements to project objectives. Requirements to project scope. Requirements to product design.
5.3.1 Define Scope : Inputs 1. Scope Management Plan 2.Project Charter 3 . Requirements Documentation 4 . Organizational Process Assets
2. Product Analysis: Involves translating the project goals into realistic deliverables. Techniques to develop a better understanding of the product.
Work Package
Is a deliverable or project work component at the lowest level of each branch of the work breakdown structure . Level at which the cost and schedule for the work can be reliably estimated, monitored, and controlled. Approximated time expected for work package is 80 hours.
2. Expert Judgment
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Statement of work
Responsible organization
2. Requirements Documentation
3.Requirements Traceability Matrix
4. Verified Deliverables
Validated deliverables have been completed and checked for correctness by the Perform Quality Control process. 5. Work Performance Data
Deliverables that meet the acceptance criteria are formally signed off and approved by the customer or sponsor.
2 .Change Requests
4. Work Performance Data: Information about progress such as which deliverables have started, their progress and which deliverables have finished.
5. Organizational Process Assets
5. Organizational Process Assets Updates Causes of variances, Corrective action chosen and the reasons.
Question No : 1
You are probably going to be the project manager for the HGD Project and will need as many inputs to the initiation phase as possible. Of the following, which is the best source of information for your project? A. Business plans B. Historical information C. WBS D. The project charter
Question No : 2
You are the project manager for the NBG Project. This project must be completed within six months. This is an example of which of the following? A. Schedule B. Assumption C. Constraint D. Planning process
Question No : 3
Of the following, which does the scope statement not provide? A. Project justification B. Project product C. Project manager authority D. Project objective
Question No : 4
You are a project manager for a large manufacturer. Your current project is to create a new manufacturing assembly line that will allow your organization to create its products with less downtime and faster turnaround time for its clients. Which of the following is an example of value-added change in this project? A. Adding more team members to the project to get the project work done faster. B. Outsourcing portions of the project execution to transfer risk. C. Adding a recently created computer program to control and monitor the manufacturing assembly. D. Documenting the project and how the manufacturing assembly should work.
Question No : 5
You are the project manager of the WIFI Project. You would like to meet with a stakeholder for scope verification. Which of the following is typical of scope verification? A. Reviewing changes to the project scope with the stakeholders B. Reviewing the performance of the project deliverables C. Reviewing the performance of the project team to date D. Reviewing the EVM results of the project to date
6. Time Management
Project Time Management includes the processes required to manage timely completion of the project.
The Project time management processes and their associated tools and techniques are documented in the schedule management plan.
6. Time Management
Planning
6.1 Plan Schedule Management 6.2 Define Activities 6.3 Sequence Activities 6.4 Estimate Activity Resources Controlling
2. Analytical Techniques The process may involve choosing strategic options to estimate and schedule the project such as: Scheduling methodology, Scheduling tools and techniques, Estimating approaches, Formats, and project management software.
6.3.1 Sequence Activities: Inputs 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Schedule Management Plan Activity List. Activity Attributes. Milestone List. Project Scope Statement. Enterprise Environmental Factors Organization Process Assets.
6.3.2 Sequence Activities: Tools & Techniques 2. Dependency Determination: Mandatory dependencies: Inherent in the nature of the work; (Hard logic). Discretionary dependencies: Defined by the project team (Soft logic). External dependencies: Involve relationships between project and non-project activities. Internal dependencies. A precedence relationship between project activities and are generally inside the project teams control.
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4. Bottom-Up Estimating: When a schedule activity cannot be estimated with a reasonable degree of confidence, the work within the schedule activity is decomposed into more detail. The team and project manager create an estimate from the activity level and roll the estimates up to create a total project estimate. 5. Project Management Software:
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Example
Activity
Optimistic
Most likely
Pessimistic
Standard Deviation (P O) 6
Variance V = 2
A B C D
2 3 4 4
4 5 7 5
6 7 10 6
12 Days B
5 Days
Start
Finish
6 Days 7 Days
3 Days F
2 Days
2
0 Start Start
A A 6 Days
0 D D 6
2 A 2 Days
14
14
19
0 Start
B 12 Days
C 5 Days
19 Finish
19
13
13
16
D 6 Days
E 7 Days
F 3 Days
19
13
F F 16
16
19
2 Days 0
5 Days
2
B B 2
14
14 C C 14 19 19 19
Start Start
0 0
Finish Finish
6 Days 0 D D 3 9 9 6 6 E 7 Days 13 3 Days 19 19
E
16 16
F F 19
2 Days 0 0 0
5 Days
A A
2 2
2
B B
14 14
14
14 14
C C
19 19 19 19 19 19 19
Start Start
0 0
Finish Finish
6 Days 0 0 D D 3 9 9 6 6 7 Days 6 6 E 13 13 3 Days 13 F F 16 16 19 16 19
2 Days 0 0 0
5 Days
A A
2 2
2
B B
14 14
14
14 14
C C
19 19 19 19 19 19 19
Start Start
0 0
Finish Finish
6 Days 0 0 D D 3 9 9 6 6 7 Days 6 6 E 13 13 3 Days 13 F F 16 16 19 16 19
2 Days 0 0 0
5 Days
A A
2 2
2
B B
14 14
14
14 14
C C
19 19 19 19 19 19 19
Start Start
0 0
Finish Finish
6 Days 0 0 D D 3 9 9 6 6 7 Days 6 6 E 13 13 3 Days 13 F F 16 16 19 16 19
2 Days 0 0 0
5 Days
A A
2 2
2
B B
14 14
14
14 14
C C
19 19 19 19 19 19 19
Start Start
0 0
Finish Finish
6 Days 0 0 D D 3 9 9 6 6 7 Days 6 6 E 13 13 3 Days 13 F F 16 16 19 16 19
Feeding Buffers:
placed between a noncritical task and a critical task when the noncritical task is an immediate predecessor of the critical task.
Resource Buffers:
placed just before a critical task that uses a new resource type .
6.6.2 Develop Schedule: Tools & Techniques 7. Schedule Compression: After the initial schedule has been put together. To achieve a more aggressive time goal. To compensate for a delay in an activity on the critical path. If the initial schedule does not meet the required end Due date of the project. Can be achieved mainly by two techniques: Crashing. Fast Tracking.
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6.6.2 Develop Schedule: Tools & Techniques 8.Scheduling Tool: Automated scheduling tools expedite the scheduling process by generating start and finish dates based on the input of: Activities. Network diagrams. Resources. Activity durations. Can be used in conjunction with other project management software. Very sensitive to input data.
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1. Project Management Plan. 2. Project schedule 3. Work Performance Data. 4. Project Calendars. 5. Schedule Data. 6. Organization Process Asset.
1. Performance reviews Performance reviews measure, compare, and analyze schedule performance such as actual start and finish dates, percent complete, and remaining duration for work in progress. Trend analysis Critical path method Critical chain method Earned value management
2. Project management software 3. Resource Optimization Techniques 5. Modeling Techniques 6. Leads and lags 7. Schedule compression 8. Scheduling tool
3. Change Requests.
4. Project Management Plan Updates.
Question No 1
You are the project manager of the JHG Project. This project has 32 stakeholders and will require implementation activities in North and South America. You have been requested to provide a duration estimate for the project. Of the following, which will offer the best level of detail in your estimate? A. WBS B. Order of magnitude C. Requirements document D. Stakeholder analysis
Question No 2
You are the project manager for the LLL Project. Steven, a project team member, is confused about network diagrams. Specifically, he wants to know what the critical path is in a network diagram. Your answer is which one of the following? A. The critical path is the network that hosts the activities most critical to the project success. B. The critical path is the path with the longest duration. C. The critical path is always one path that cannot be delayed or the entire project will be delayed. D. The critical path is the path from start to completion with no deviation from the project plan.
Question No 3
You are the project manager for the POL Project. This project will use PERT to calculate the estimates for activity duration. For activity D, you have the following information: P=9, O=4, M=5. What is the result of PERT? A. 18 weeks B. 5.5 weeks C. 33.33 days D. 3 weeks
Question No 4
You are the project manager for a project with the following network diagram. Studying the diagram, which path is the critical path? A. ABCD B. EBCD C. EFH D. EGH
Question No 5
Bertha is the project manager for the HAR Project. The project is behind schedule and Bertha has elected, with managements approval, to crash the critical path. This process adds more what?
A. Cost
B. Time
C. Risk
D. Documentation
Project Cost
Management
7. Cost Management
Includes the processes involved in estimating, budgeting, and controlling costs so that the project can be completed within the approved budget. Estimate costs Determine budget Control costs
Control Thresholds: an agreed-upon amount of variation allowed before action needs to be taken. Rules of Performance Measurement. Reporting Format. Process Description.
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Level of accuracy
Estimate Name Process Group Tolerance Range Example (Actual Cost) Generally Accepted Estimate Tolerance
Initiation
-25% to +75%
1000 EGP
7501750 EGP
Planning (Early)
-10% : + 25%
1000 EGP
Definitive
Planning (Late)
-5% : + 10%
1000 EGP
costs
costs
Sunk Cost
Are costs that have already been spent on a project. DO NOT consider these costs when making future project decisions.
Example: When terminating a project dont consider all previous payments in your decision.
7. Cost Management
Planning Controlling
2. Project charter
3. Enterprise environmental factors 4. Organizational process assets
3. Meetings
1. Cost management plan A component of the project management plan. Level of accuracy Units of measure Project schedule model maintenance Control thresholds Reporting formats Process descriptions
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9.Vendor Bid Analysis: (Procurement Management Module) 10. Group Decision Making Techniques.
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6.Resource Calendars.
7. Risk register
8. Agreements.
9.Organizational Process Assets.
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6. Cost Baseline
5. Contingency Reserves 4. Project Estimates 3. Control Account Estimate 2. Work Package Estimate
$ 1355
$ 105 $ 1250 CA 1 $ 850 WP 1 $ 100
A1 $ 25 A2 $ 25 A3 $ 25
Cost Aggregation
1. Activity Estimates
Contingency Reserve / Management Reserve. Reserves are NOT part of the project cost baseline. Reserves MAY be included in the total budget. Reserves are NOT included in EVM.()
3. Expert Judgment.
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Monitoring the status of the project. Updating the project budget. Managing changes to the baseline.
Can Involve:
Managing cost Levels compared to the Baseline. Analyzing and managing cost variance. Documenting cost records. Communicating with stakeholders about cost issues.
Is a method of measuring project performance by comparing the amount of work planned with that actually accomplished, in order to determine if cost and schedule performance are as planned.
BAC
The total amount originally expected to be spent on the project. The authorized budget assigned to the work to be accomplished )% * PV( The value of work performed
Key Dimension
PV EV
Earned Value
AC CPI
Performance Index SPI CV
EV/PV EV AC. EV PV
Variance
SV
VAC
BAC - EAC
Variance At Completion
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2. Forecasting
It is used when the original estimate was fundamentally flawed. It is used when no variances from the BAC have occurred or will continue at the same rate of spending.
AC + Bottom up ETC
It calculates actual to date plus the remaining value of work to perform is used if variances are atypical.
AC + (BAC EV )
It calculates actual to date plus the remaining budget modified by performance. ETC The amount needed to finish the work based on the current spending
(BAC EV)
AC + CPI + SPI
EACAC
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Is the calculated projection of cost performance that must be achieved on the remaining work to meet a specified management goal, such as the BAC or the EAC. budget what rate must we meet for the remaining work?
(BAC EV) (BAC AC) If BAC is still valid
4. Performance Reviews: (11.5 Plan Risk Responses) Compare cost performance over time, schedule activities or work packages overrunning and under running the budget.
Trend Analysis.
Earned Value Performance.
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5. Project Management Software: Often used to monitor the three EVM dimensions (PV, EV, and AC). Used to: Display graphical trends. Forecast a range of possible final project results. 6. Reserve Analysis: Cost performance measurements (CV, CPI) are used to assess the magnitude of variation to the original cost baseline.
1.Work Performance Information. 2.Cost Forecasts. 3.Change Requests. 4.Project Management Plan (UPDATE). 5.Project Document (UPDATE).
Case Study
You are a project Manager responsible for delivering a new manufacturing facility. Consider the following table which represents a project list of activities. Prepare a detailed Status Report of this project on day. Is this project OK ???
Case Study
Activity PV $ 300 DAY 1 DAY 2 DAY 3 DAY 4 $ 150 $ 100 AC $ 300 $ 200 $ 150 % Complete 100% 100% 100% EV $ 300 $ 150 $ 100
$ 200
$ 100 $ 250 $ 200 $ 400 $ 300 $ 200
$ 225
$ 100 $ 300 $ 140 $ 100 $0 $0
100%
100% 60% 65% 20% 0% 0%
$ 200
$ 100 $ 150 $ 130 $ 80 $0 $0
DAY 5
Case Study
1.Calculate BAC: Budget At Completion for the Project BAC= PV for all Activities BAC= 300+150+100+200+100+250+200+400+300+200 BAC= 2200 2.Calculate PV: Planned Value for the Scheduled Project PV = PV for activities till day 3 PV = 300+150+100+200+100+250 = 1100 3.Calculate AC: Actual Costs for the Project AC = AC for all activities AC = 300+200+150+225+100+300+140+250+0+0 AC = 1515 Arch. Sherif Elwishahy, PMP
Case Study
4.Calculate EV: for the Project EV= EV for all activities EV= 300+150+100+200+100+150+130+80+0+0 EV= 1210
5.Calculate CPI: Cost Performance Index CPI = EV / AC CPI = 1210 / 1515 = 0.799 6.Calculate SPI: Schedule Performance Index SPI= EV / PV SPI= 1210 / 1100 = 1.1
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Case Study
7.Calculate CV: Cost Variance CV = EVAC = 1210 1515 = -305 8.Calculate SV: Schedule Variance SV= EVPV = 1210 1100 = 110
9.Calculate EAC: Estimate At Completion (No corrective action + same performance expected) EAC= BAC / CPI EAC= 2200 / 0.799 = 2753 (Case I)
(Corrective action + one time error only) EAC= BAC+ (AC EV) EAC= BACCV = 2200 (-305) = 2505 (Case II) Arch. Sherif Elwishahy, PMP
Case Study
10.Calculate ETC: Estimate To Completion ETC = EAC-AC ETC = 2753 1515 = 1238 (Case I) ETC = 2505 1515 = 990 (Case II) 11.Calculate VAC: Variance At Completion VAC= BAC-EAC VAC= 2200 2753 = -553 (Case I) VAC= 2200 2505 = -305(Case II)
12.Calculate TCPI: To-Completion Performance Index TCPI= (BAC-EV) / (BAC-AC) TCPI= (2200 1210) / (2200 1515) TCPI= 990 / 685 = 1.445 Arch. Sherif Elwishahy, PMP
Question No : 1
You are the project manager for the JKH Project. You have elected to use parametric modeling in your cost estimating for the project. Which one of the following is an example of parametric modeling? A. $750 per ton B. Historical information from a similar project C. Estimates built from bottom-up based on the WBS D. Estimates based on top-down budgeting
Question No : 2
You are the project manager for a technical implementation project. The customer has requested that you factor in the after-the-project costs, such as maintenance and service. This is an example of which one of the following? A. Life cycle costs B. Scope creep C. Project spin off D. Operations
Question No : 3
You have just completed the initiating processes of a small project and are moving into the planning processes when a project stakeholder asks you for the projects budget and cost baseline. What should you tell her? A. The project budget can be found in the projects charter which has just been completed. B. The project budget and baseline will not be finalized and accepted until the planning processes are completed. C. The project management plan will not contain the projects budget and baseline, this is a small project. D. It is impossible to complete an estimate before the project management plan is created.
Question No : 4
Your project has a CV of -200. This means: A. Your project is under budget B. Your SPI is also negative C. Your project is above budget D. CV cannot be negative and there must be an error in the calculation.
Question No : 5
You are the project manager of the Carpet Installation Project for a new building. Your BAC is $600,000. You are now 40 percent done with the project, though your plan called for you to be 45 percent done with the work at this time. What is your earned value? A. $240,000 B. $270,000 C. $30,000 D. $30,000
Zero Defect
Is a concept created by Philip Crosby. Do something right initially, and you shouldnt have to repeat it. If the money is spent upfront, the effort will eliminate or minimize the need for rework if defects occur. Main points: Cost of quality is measured by cost of nonconformance. Conformance to requirements. Quality comes from Prevention.
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Kaizen
Means Kai (alter) and Zen (make better or improve). Small improvements in products or processes to reduce costs and ensure consistency of performance of products or services. In the US and most of Western Europe improvements are thought of as BIG improvements. In Japan, improvements are thought of as small improvements.
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8. Quality Management
Project Quality Management includes the processes and activities that determine quality policies, objectives, and responsibilities. The objective is to satisfy the needs for which the project was undertaken. It applies to all projects, regardless of the nature of their product.
8. Quality Management
Planning
Executing
8.2
Controlling
8.1
8.3
6- Check Sheets
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8. Meetings.
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8.2.1 Perform Quality Assurance: Inputs 1. Quality management plan 2. Process improvement plan 3. Quality metrics 4. Quality control measurements 5. Project documents
3. Inspection: Is the process of verifying that the work was built as intended includes measuring, examining, and testing. Performed at various points in the project Also referred to as reviews, peer reviews, audits, and walk-thorough.
4. Approved Change Requests Review:
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Question No : 1
The customer was not satisfied with the finished product`s quality. The cost of poor quality can also be referred to as: A. Cost of conformance B. Failure cost C. Rework cost D.Opportunity cost .
Question No : 2
You are the project manager for the Floor Installation Project. Today, you plan to meet with your project team to ensure the project is completed with no deviations from the project requirements. This process is which of the following? A. Quality planning B. Quality management C. Quality control D. Quality assurance
Question No : 3
All the following statements about "Quality" and "Grade" are true EXCEPT: A. Grade is a rank given to entities having the same functional use but different technical characteristics. B. Low quality product may be of high grade. C. Low grade product may be of high quality. D. It is a problem if the product is of high quality and low grade.
Question No : 4
You are the project manager for the KOY Project. This project Requires Quality that maps to federal guidelines. To ensure that you can meet these standards, you have elected to send the project team through training specific to the federal guidelines your project must adhere to. The costs of these classes can be assigned to which of the following? A. Cost of doing business B. Cost of quality C. Cost of adherence D. Cost of nonconformance
Question No : 5
In the following graphic, what does the highlighted area represent? A. Out of control data points B. In control data points C. Rule of seven D. Standard deviation
Executing
9.2
9.3
9.4
Is the process of: Identifying and documenting project roles, responsibilities and required skills. Reporting relationships Creating a staffing management plan. Individuals and groups may be part of the organization or external to it.
5. Meetings
Role &Responsibility
Role: The portion of a project for which a person is accountable. Authority: Right to apply project resources, expend funds, make decisions, or give approvals Responsibility: Work that a project team member is expected to perform. Competency: Skill and capacity required to complete project activities.
2. Resource Calendars: Document the time periods that each project team member can work on the project. This should include: Vacations. Commitment to other projects. Team member availability.
3. Project Management Plan Update.
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9.3.2 Develop Project Team: Tools & Techniques 5. Co-Location: Team members are places at the same location (War Room). It generally helps facilitate team-building by having people working together. While co-location is considered a good strategy, the use of virtual teams is sometimes unavoidable.
9.3.2 Develop Project Team: Tools & Techniques 7. Personnel Assessment Tools:
These tools help project managers assess the team preferences, aspirations, how they process information, how they make decisions, and how they prefer to interact with people. Various tools are available such as attitudinal surveys, specific assessments, structured interviews, ability tests, and focus groups. These tools can provide improved understanding, trust, commitment, and communications among team members.
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Is the process of: Tracking team member performance. Providing feedback. Resolving issues. Managing changes to optimize project performance. It requires a variety of management skills to create high-performance teams.
Referent Power:
Is based on the person liking the individual. Punishment Power: Comes from the ability to penalize.
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Motivational Theories
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McClellands theory
Resolves around three (3) aspects: Achievement: Being successful. Power: Influencing others.
Affiliation: Belonging.
Theory Y : Employees enjoy their physical and mental work. Employees MIGHT BE ambitious & self motivated Managers assume that if given the right conditions, people will DO WELL, which is THE MOTIVE.
Expectancy Theory
The employee work a great deal on the project and assumes that the reward will be relative to the amount of effort or perceived effort. This assumption can usually be quite a disappointment for those believing they will be greatly rewarded when the project is done.
Question No : 1
You are the project manager of the PUY Project. This project requires a chemical engineer for seven months of the project although there are no available chemical engineers within your department. This is an example of which of the following? A. Organizational interfaces B. Staffing requirements C. Contractor requirements D. Resource constraints
Question No : 2
You are the project manager for the LMG Project. Your project will have several human resource issues that must be coordinated and approved by the union. Which of the following statements is correct about this scenario? A. The union is considered a resource constraint. B. The union is considered a management constraint. C. The union is considered a project stakeholder. D. The union is considered a project team member.
Question No : 3
Management has requested that you create a chart depicting all of the project resource needs and the associated activities. Management is looking for which type of chart? A. A roles chart B. A roles matrix C. A roles and responsibilities matrix D. A Gantt chart
Question No : 4
Which problem-solving technique is the best for most project management situations? A. Confronting B. Compromising C. Forcing D. Avoidance
Question No : 5
Mike is the project manager for a project with a very tight schedule. The project is running late and Mike feels that he does not have time to consider all the possible solutions that two team members are in disagreement over. Mike quickly decides to go with the team member with the largest amount of seniority. This is an example of which of the following? A. Problem solving B. Compromising C. Forcing D. Withdrawal
Miscommunication
Communication Activities
Internal External Vertical Horizontal Formal Informal Written and Oral Verbal and Non-verbal
Communications Skills
listening actively and effectively, Questioning, probing ideas and situations to ensure better understanding, Educating to increase teams knowledge so that they can be more effective. Fact-finding to identify or confirm information, Persuading a person or organization to perform an action. Negotiating to achieve mutually acceptable agreements between parties. Resolving conflict to prevent disruptive impacts.
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Formal Written: charter, plans, long distance Formal verbal : Speeches, Press conferences Informal Written: emails, memos Informal verbal: meetings, conversations
10.1
10.2
10.3
1. Communication Requirements Analysis: Factors in the communication requirements to ensure they are properly addressed in the Communication Management Plan. This analysis can include: Organization Charts. Responsibility Assignment Matrix [RAM]. Logistical needs. Internal and external information requirements.
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N * (N-1) / 2
Where N is the number of people on the project.
Example
A Project Manager has a team of 6 working on the project. During a certain phase of the project, 2 new members have been added to the project. How many channels were added when the new members joined ?
Encode
sender Noise medium Noise
decode
receiver
decode
Feedback- message
encode
5. Meetings.
10.1.3 Plan Communication: Outputs 1. Communications Management Plan: The plan defines: Communication needs of the stakeholders. Communication format. Communications frequency. The plan helps the PM do: Communication infrastructure for distributing information. Report performance on the project. Deal with communication issues that arise on the project.
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1. Project communications
The activities that are required for information to be created, distributed, received, acknowledged, and understood.
2. Project management plan updates 3. Project documents updates 4. Organizational process assets updates
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1. Work performance information 2. Change requests 3. Project management plan updates 4. Project documents updates 5. Organizational process assets updates
Question No : 1
Of the following, which one is not an example of formal communications? A. Presentations to groups B. conversations C. Contractual agreements D. Presentations to management
Question No : 2
You are the project manager for the LKH Project. Management has requested that you create a document detailing what information will be expected from stakeholders and to whom that information will be disseminated. Management is asking for which one of the following? A. Roles and responsibilities matrix B. Scope Management Plan C. Communications Management Plan D. Communications worksheet
Question No : 3
You are the project manager for the JGI Project. You have 32 stakeholders on this project. How many communications channels do you have? A. Depends on the number of project team members. B. 496 C. 32 D. 1
Question No : 4
Which one of the following is an output from controlling communications? A. Trend analysis B. EVM C. Variance analysis D. Change requests
Objectives are to increase the probability and impact of positive events and decrease the probability and impact of negative events In the project A key overlying concept is consistency and proactively approach the risk on the project.
Monitoring
11.6
11.4 11.5
11.1 Plan Risk Management Is the process of: Defining how to conduct risk management activities for a project. The PM and the team proactively plan how to identify, rank, and address risk and risk management. The companys risk management policies help define what the team will do on the project regarding risk and risk management.
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1. Analytical Techniques Analytical techniques are used to understand and define the overall risk management context of the project. Stakeholder risk profile analysis is performed to grade and qualify the project stakeholder risk appetite and tolerance. Risk scoring sheets, are used to provide a highlevel assessment of the risk exposure of the project.
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1. Risk Management Plan Methodology: a guideline system for solving a problem, with specific components such as phases, tasks, methods, techniques and tools. Roles and Responsibilities Budgeting Timing Risk Categories Definition of Risk Probability and Impact Revised Stakeholders' Tolerance Reporting Formats Tracking Arch. Sherif Elwishahy, PMP
Probability Very High 90% .045 .035 .09 .07 .18 .14 .36 .28 .72 .56
High 70%
.025 Moderate 50% .015 Low 30% .01 Very Low 10 % Arch. Sherif Elwishahy, PMP .01 .02 .04 .08 .03 .06 .12 .24 .05 .10 .20 .40
Risk Tolerance
Risk tolerance for a person or organization can influence the project environment. There are three types of risk tolerance: Risk-Averse Is a mentality of risk avoidance. Risk-Neutral Is a middle ground mentality towards risk. Risk-Seeker Is a mentality of looking for risk,
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3. Checklist Analysis: Is useful for verification that things are done as planned.
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Very High 90% High 70% Moderate 50% Low 30% Very Low 10 %
3. Risk Data Quality Assessment: Qualitative risk analysis requires accurate and unbiased data for it to be credible. It provides a technique to evaluate the degree to which the data about risks is useful for risk management. Involves examining the: Degree to which the risk is understood. Accuracy, reliability, and integrity of the risk data.
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6. Expert Judgment: Is a key to assess the probability and impact of each risk. Experts with relevant experience of: Similar Projects. Business Areas. Experts bias needs to be taken into consideration here.
Is the process of: Numerically analyzing the effect of identified risks on overall project objectives. Quantitative Risk Analysis breaks down risks from a high, medium, and low ranking to actual numerical values and probabilities of occurrence. Risks that are higher in probability and impact are more likely to be evaluated via quantitative risk analysis.
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11.4.2 Perform Quantitative Risk Analysis: Tools & Techniques 1. Date Gathering and Representation Techniques: Interviewing Probability Distributions
2. Quantitative Risk Analysis and Modeling Techniques: Commonly used techniques in Quantitative Risk Analysis include: Sensitivity Analysis. Expected Monetary Value Analysis (EMV). Decision Tree Analysis.
EMV (Expected Monetary Value): Is a statistical concept that calculates the average outcome when the future includes scenarios that may or may not happen. Decision tree analysis: Is usually structured using a decision tree diagram that describes a situation under consideration.
Case Study
FFP Contract Value
Per Day Penalty for delay Self Execute 80% chance the cost is $ 80,000
$ 100,000
$ 1,000
$ 90,000
95 % 5%
$ 70,000
$ 80,000 80 % 20 %
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Case Study
Modeling & Simulation: Is using a model that translates the specified detailed uncertainties of the project into their potential impact on project objectives. Monte Carlo is a mock-up technique that uses software to simulate project characteristics to determine possible outcome. Probability Tables.
1.Project Documents Updates: Probabilistic analysis of the project. Probability of achieving cost and time objectives. Prioritized list of quantified risks. Trends in quantitative risk analysis results.
Seeks to reduce the impact or probability of the risk event to an acceptable threshold
Share
Exploit
Enhance
Important Notes
Residual Risk is the amount of risk remaining after a risk response has been implemented. Secondary Risk is a jeopardy that results from the implementation of a risk response (side effects). Work around is a contingency put into action when a risk response and any backup plan dont work.
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Important Notes
Contingency Reserves: Known Unknowns: for risk events that you know can occur on a project. Example: Something costing more than planned, taking longer than planned, or scope creep. Management Reserves: Unknown Unknowns: for risk events you cant forecast potentially occurring on a project. Example: Natural disaster or terrorist attack.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Work performance information Change requests Project management plan updates Project documents updates Organizational process assets updates
Question No : 1
The customers of the project have requested additions to the project scope. The project manager brings notice that additional risk planning will need to be added to the project schedule. Why? A. The risk planning should always be the same amount of time as the activities required by the scope change. B. Risk planning should always occur whenever the scope is adjusted. C. Risk planning should only occur at the project managers discretion. D. The project manager is incorrect; risk planning does not need to happen at every change in the project.
Question No : 2
You are the project manager of the KLJH Project. This project will last two years and has 30 stakeholders. How often should risk identification take place? A. Once at the beginning of the project. B. Throughout the execution processes. C. Throughout the project. D. Once per project phase.
Question No : 3
You are the project manager for a project that will create a new and improved web site for your company. Currently, your company has over eight million users around the globe. You Would like to poll experts within your organization with a simple, anonymous form asking for any foreseeable risks with the design, structure, and intent of the web site. With the collected information, subsequent anonymous polls are submitted to the group of experts. This is an example of ____. A. Risk identification B. A trigger C. An anonymous trigger D. The Delphi Technique
Question No : 4
You have just been assigned as the project for a new telecommunications project that is entering the second phase of the project. There appear to be many risks on this project but no one has evaluated them to assess the range of possible project outcomes. What needs to be done? A. Plan risk management. B. Perform quantitative risk analysis. C. Plan risk responses. D. Monitor and control risks.
Question No : 5
The water sanitation project manager has determined the risks associated with handling certain chemicals are too high. He has decided to allow someone else to complete this portion of the project, and so has outsourced the handling and installation of the chemicals and filter equipment to an experienced contractor. This is an example of which of the following? A. Avoidance B. Acceptance C. Mitigation D. Transference
Executing
12.2
Monitoring
12.3
Closing
12.4
Includes the processes to purchase or acquire the products, services, needed from outside the project team to perform the work.
12.1 Plan Procurement Plan procurements is the process of documenting project purchasing decisions, specifying the approach, and identifying potential sellers. Plan procurement process includes consideration of the risks involved with each make-or-buy decision.
1. Make-or-buy analysis A general management technique used to determine whether particular work can be best accomplished by the project team or must be purchased from outside sources.
Example Purchase investment cost is $2000, Daily cost is $40 and Daily Lease cost $240. How long will it take for the lease cost to be the same as the purchase cost? Solution:
2000 + 40 * X = 240 * X
2000=240*x-40*x
2000=(240-40)x X = 2000 / 200 = 10 days
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Contracts: are a legally binding documents (formal agreement), should state all requirements.
Contract must be followed and everything provided in it must be done.
Any change must be written and formally controlled and approved by both parties.
Contracts mainly fall into one of following 4 Categories: Purchase Order (PO). Fixed Price (FP). Known as Lump Sum. Cost Reimbursement (CR). Time and Materials (TM) (T&M).
Cost-reimbursable contracts
Cost plus fixed fee contracts (CPFF) The seller is reimbursed for all allowable costs for performing the contract work. The seller receives a fixed fee payment calculated as a percentage of the initial estimated project costs. Cost plus award fee contracts (CPAF) The seller is reimbursed for all legitimate costs. The majority of the fee is earned based on the satisfaction of certain broad subjective performance criteria. Cost plus incentive fee contracts (CPIF) The seller is reimbursed for all allowable costs. The seller receives a predetermined incentive fee based upon achieving certain performance objectives.
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Description
Description
Description
Target Price
Sharing Ratio
$250k
60/40 $190k $290K
Actual Cost Solution: Ceiling Price Seller saved on cost. Cost savings = 200 190 = $10k Incentive = 40% * 10 = $4k Sellers total fees = 50 + 4 = $54k Final price = cost + fees = 190 + 54= $244k
1. Procurement Management Plan: A document that describes how the procurement process will be managed . It can include guidance to: Types of contracts to be used. Standardized procurement documents. Coordinating procurement with other project aspects. Risk Management issues. Managing multiple suppliers. Any constraints and assumptions that affects procurement. Identify prequalified sellers if any.
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2. Procurement Statement Of Work The part of contract that describes what the seller will do for the buyer. Approaches to develop the Scope of Work in the contract, such as: Performance. Design. Functionality.
3. Make-or-buy decisions. 4. Procurement Documents: Used to solicit proposals from prospective sellers. Buyer and seller organizations ensure that nondisclosure agreements are approved and accepted before disclosing any project specific intellectual property information to the other party.
5. Source Selection Criteria: Sometimes included as part of the procurement solicitation documents. May include: Overall or life-cycle cost. Technical Capability. Risk. Warranty. Financial Capacity. Production Capacity and interest. Business size and type. Past performance of sellers. Intellectual property rights.
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Is the process of: Obtaining sellers responses. Selecting a seller. Award a contract. The overall process can be repeated. A short list of qualified sellers can be established based on preliminary proposal.
2. Proposal Evaluation Techniques: A formal evaluation review process will be defined by the buyers procurement policies. It is usually done by a previously defined weighted criteria. The evaluation committee will make their selection for approval by management.
4. Expert Judgment: Will often be required to assess the inputs to and outputs from this process. Can be used to evaluate offers or proposals made by sellers.
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5. Advertisement : Placing advertisements in general-circulation publications, such as newspapers, or in specialty publications, such as journals. 6. Analytical Techniques.
7. Procurement Negotiations : PMI considers this is a partnership contract rather than a supplier agreement. PMI requests a Win / Win situation from any contract. Involves clarification and mutual agreement on the structure and requirements of the contract, prior to the signing of the contract.
12.3 Administer Procurement Is the process of: Managing procurement relationships. Monitoring contract performance. Making changes and corrections as needed.
1. Contract Change Control System: Defines the procedures for how the contract may be changed, is part of Integrated Change Control. The process for changing the contract includes: Paper work. Tracking system. Dispute resolution procedures. Procedures for getting the changes approved within the performing organization.
2. Procurement Performance Reviews: Is a structured review of the sellers progress to deliver project scope and quality, within cost and on schedule, as compared to the contract. 3. Inspections and Audits: Are performed as the contract is executing. To ensure the appropriate work and quality of work is being completed per the terms of the contract. If we identify any weaknesses in the sellers work proper corrective actions must be taken.
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4. Performance Reporting: Provides management with information about how effectively the seller is achieving the contractual objectives. 5. Payment System: The system must include the appropriate reviews and approvals by the project management team.
6. Claims Administration: They are those requested changes where the buyer and seller cannot agree on compensation for the change, or cannot agree that a change has even occurred. Can be invoked prior to or after contract closure. 7. Records Management System: Is part of the Project Management Information System. It is used to ensure that appropriate contract-related records are created, communicated, and archived.
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1. Procurement Audits: Structured reviews of the procurement process, from procurement planning through contract administration Are used to determine success and failure of the procurement process for this project. Lessons can be applied to this project and others within the organization.
2. Procurements Negotiations: The final equitable settlement of all outstanding issues, claims, and disputes by negotiation is a primary goal. Alternative Dispute Resolution [ADR] including mediation or arbitration may be explored. When all else fails, litigation in courts is the least desirable option.
Question No : 1
Bonnie is the project manager for the HGH Construction Project. She has contracted a portion of the project to the ABC Construction Company. Bonnie has offered a bonus to ABC if they complete their portion of the work by August 30. This is an example of which one of the following? A. Project requirement B. Project incentive C. Project goal D. Fixed price contract
Question No : 2
Sammy is the project manager of the DSA Project. He is considering proposals and contracts presented by vendors for a portion of the project work. Of the following, which contract is least dangerous to the DSA Project? A. Cost plus fixed fee B. Cost plus percentage of costs C. Cost plus incentive fee D. Fixed price
Question No : 3
Martha is the project manager of the MNB Project. She wants a vendor to offer her one price to do all of the detailed work. Martha is looking for which type of document? A. RFP B. RFI C. Proposal D. IFB
Question No : 4
Mary is the project manager of JHG Project. She has created a Statement of Work (SOW) for a vendor. For Marys SOW to be a legal contract, what must be included? A. Affidavit of agreement B. Signatures of both parties agreeing to SOW C. Signature of vendor D. Signature of Mary
Question No : 5
You are completing the closeout of a project to design a warehouse in Columbus, Ohio. The contract is a cost plus incentive fee contract. The target costs are $300,000, with a 10 percent target profit. However, the project came in at $275,000. The incentive split is 80/20. How much is the total contract cost?? A. $300,000 B. $275,000 C. $310,000 D. $330,000
13.2
Executing
13.3
Monitoring
13.4
is the process of: Developing appropriate management strategies to effectively engage stakeholders throughout the project life cycle. Based on the analysis of their needs, interests, and potential impact on project success.
1. Stakeholder management plan: Desired and current engagement levels of key stakeholders. Scope and impact of change to stakeholders. Identified interrelationships between stakeholders. Stakeholder communication requirements. Information to be distributed to stakeholders. Reason for the distribution of that information and the expected impact to stakeholder engagement. Time frame and frequency for the distribution information. Method for updating and refining the stakeholder management plan as the project progresses and develops.
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is the process of: Communicating and working with stakeholders to meet their needs/expectations. Address issues as they occur. Foster appropriate stakeholder engagement in project activities throughout the project life cycle.
1. Communication Methods. 2. Interpersonal Skills: The project manager applies interpersonal skills to manage stakeholders expectations. For example: Building trust, Resolving conflict, Active listening, and Overcoming resistance to change.
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3. Management Skills: The project manager applies management skills to coordinate and harmonize the group toward accomplishing the project objectives. For example: Facilitate consensus toward project objectives. Influence people to support the project. Negotiate agreements to satisfy the project needs. Modify organizational behavior to accept the project outcomes.
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13.4 Control Stakeholder Engagement Is the process of: Monitoring overall project stakeholder
relationships and adjusting strategies and plans for engaging stakeholders. The key benefit of this process is that it will maintain or increase the efficiency and effectiveness of stakeholder engagement activities.
Question No : 1
Information in the stakeholder register should be: A. Accessible only to the project manager B. Available to the project manager and the PMO staff C. Available to all stakeholders and team members D. Shared with others at the discretion of the project manager
Question No : 2
The degree to which a particular stakeholder may be able to positively or negatively affect a project is his/her : A. Level of engagement B. Level of interest C. Level of commitment D. Level of influence
Question No : 3
The key objective of stakeholder management is A. Communication B. Coordination C. Satisfaction D. Relationships
Question No : 4
The stakeholder register is an input to which of the following processes: A. Plan risk management and collect requirements B. Perform integrated change control and plan communication management C. Plan quality management and perform quality assurance D. Identify risks and develop project charter
Question No : 5
A stakeholders belief about or mental picture of the future is a(n): A. Requirement B. Heuristic C. Expectation D. Constraint
Make decisions based on the best interest of the company and the team. Make sure the sponsor knows of any gaps in your qualifications before accepting the assignment. Do what you say you will do. Acknowledge your own errors. Respect confidentiality requirements. Uphold law. Report unethical behavior to management. Report violations of PMIs code of ethics when you have factual proof.
Arch. Sherif Elwishahy, PMP
Respect
The appropriate treatment of others
Maintain an attitude of mutual cooperation. Respect cultural differences. Do not gossip or say things that could damage another persons reputation. Engage in good faith negotiations. Respect others. Be direct in dealing with conflict. Do not use your power to influence others for your own personal benefit.
Fairness
Being objective
Act impartially without favoritism. Continuously look for conflicts of interest and disclose them. Do not discriminate against others. Honor your duty of loyalty to those companies and organizations you are affiliated with. Do not use your position for personal or business gain.
Honesty
Understanding the truth
Try to understand the truth. Be truthful in all communications. Make sure the information you are using or sending out is truthful. Work to create an environment where others tell the truth. Do not deceive others.
Question No : 1
You are the project manager of the JKN Project. The project customer has requested that you inflate your cost estimates by 25 percent. He reports that his Management always reduces the cost of the estimates so this is the only method to get the monies needed to complete the project. Which of the following is the best response to this situation? A. Do as the customer asked to ensure the project requirements can be met by adding the increase as a contingency reserve. B. Do as the customer asked to ensure the project requirements can be met by adding the increase across each task. C. Do as the customer asked by creating an estimate for the customer management and another for the actual project implementation. D. Complete an accurate estimate of the project. In addition, create a risk assessment on why the project budget would be inadequate.
Question No : 2
You are the project manager for the BNH Project. This project takes place in a different county than where you are from. The project leader from this country presents a team of workers that are only from his family. You should do which one of the following? A. Reject the team leaders recommendations and assemble your own project team. B. Review the rsum and qualifications of the proposed project team before approving the team. C. Determine if the countrys traditions include hiring from the immediate family before hiring from outside the family. D. Replace the project leader with an impartial project leader.
Question No : 3
You are about to begin negotiations on a new project that is to take place in another country. Which of the following should be your guide on what business practices are allowed and discouraged? A. The project charter B. The project plan C. Company policies and procedures D. The PMP code of conduct
Question No : 4
You are the project manager of the PMH Project. You have been contracted to design the placement of several pieces of equipment. You have completed the project scope and are ready to pass the work over to the installer. The installer begins to schedule you to help with the installation of the equipment. You should: A. Help the installer place the equipment according to the design documents. B. Help the installer place the equipment as the customer sees fits. C. Refuse to help the installer since the project scope has been completed. D. Help the installer place the equipment, but insist that the quality control be governed by your design specifications.
Question No : 5
You are a project manager within an organization that completes technical projects for other entities. You have plans to leave your company within the next month to launch your own consulting businesswhich will compete with your current employer. Your company is currently working on a large proposal for a government contract that your new company could also benefit from. What should you do? A. Resign from your current job and bid against your employer to get the contract. B. Decline to participate due to a conflict of interest. C. Help your employer prepare the proposal. D. Inform your employer that you will be leaving their company within a month and it would be inappropriate for you to work on the current proposal.