Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Coastal Landforms Revision
Coastal Landforms Revision
http://geobytesgcse.blogspot.com/search?up dated-min=2007-01-01T00%3A00%3A0008%3A00&updated-max=2008-0101T00%3A00%3A00-08%3A00&maxresults=40
Coastal landforms
1. Joint or Fault in the resistant rock. 2. Blowhole - occasionally, water rises up through a vertical joint in the rock and is ejected through a blowhole. 3. Cave - abrasion and the hydraulic action of the waves widens the weaknesses in the cliff to form a cave. 4. Arch - waves cut through headland to form an arch which is continually being widened at its base by the force of the waves surrounding it. 5. Roof of an arch becomes too heavy to support and collapses. 6. Stack - an isolated portion of the cliff. 7. Stump - the stack is undercut and collapses leaving a stump.
= a single sand particle. Points A, B, and C show how the sand particle moves along the beach
1. Waves approach beach at an angle - a similar direction to that of the prevailing wind. 2. Swash carries material up the beach at an angle. 3. Backwash carries material directly down the beach due to gravity. (slope of beach) 4. Wooden Groynes slow down movement of sand. 5. Accumulation of sand 6. Depletion of sand
Coastal spits
Points A, B, and C show the progression of the spit's formation. The curved ends are explained in point 6. 1. Fetch - direction of prevailing winds (and therefore waves) in approaching the beach. 2. Direction of Long-Shore Drift. 3. Salt Marsh 4. Original Coastline 5. River Estuary 6. Short term changes in wind and wave direction causing the curved ends to the spit. 7. Fastest current at the centre of the river.
Bars These form in the same way as a spit initially but bars are created where a spit grows across a bay, joining two headlands. Behind the bar, a lagoon is created, where water has been trapped and the lagoon may gradually be infilled as a salt marsh develops due to it being a low energy zone, which encourages deposition. E.G Slapton Sands, Devon
Tombolos are formed where a spit continues to grow outwards joining land to an offshore island. E.g. Chesil Beach, Dorset joins Portland to the mainland