Transformer Efficiency

The efficiency of a transformer is defined as the

ratio of output power in watt to input power in watt. The efficiency can be expressed as :

Output power Efficiency = x 100 Input power

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Transformer Efficiency contd

Input power - losses Efficiency = x 100 Input power

(or)

Output power = x 100 Output power + losses

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Transformer Efficiency contd

If Wo , WCu , cos2 and V2I2 are the iron loss, copper loss, load p.f. and output in VA of the transformer respectively, then

Output power Efficiency = x 100 Output power + losses Output power Efficiency = x 100 Output power + losses V 2 I 2 cos 2 = x 100 2 V 2I 2 cos 2 (Wo I 2 Ro2)

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 Since WCu =I12R1 + I22R2= I12R01= I22R02

The core losses can be assumed constant at all loads. But the ohmic losses depend on the square of the load current

For example, if I22R02 is the ohmic loss at full load, then at half full-load, the ohmic loss will be 1/4 I22R02 ( onefourth of that at full-load Cu loss)

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