S GIO DC V O TO K THI CHN HC SINH GII VNG TNH

KIN GIANG GII TON TRN MY TNH CASIO

------------ NM HC 2012 2013
---------------
P N MN THI: HA THPT
THI CHNH THC Thi gian lm bi: 120 pht (khng k thi gian giao )
Ngy thi: 01/11/2012

Cu 1:
1. X l nguyn t thuc nhm A, hp cht kh vi hidro c dng XH
3
. Electron cui cng trn
nguyn t X c tng 4 s lng t bng 4,5.
a/ Xc nh nguyn t X, vit cu hnh electron ca nguyn t.
b/ Vit cng thc cu to, d on trng thi lai ho ca nguyn t trung tm trong phn t XH
3
,
oxit bc cao nht, hidroxit bc cao nht ca X.
2. Tnh bn knh nguyn t gn ng ca Ca 20
0
C, bit ti nhit khi lng ring ca Ca
bng 1,55 g/cm
3
. Gi thit trong tinh th cc nguyn t Ca c hnh cu, c c kht l 74%. Cho
nguyn t khi ca Ca = 40,08
Cch gii
K t qu
1.a) X l nguyn t thuc nhm A v c hp cht kh vi hiro c dng XH
3

X thuc nhm V
A

Vy cu hnh e ca X lp ngoi cng l: ns
2
np
3

Phn b cc e ny vo obitan nh sau:


Vy e cui cng ca X c b 4 s lng t nh sau: n , l = 1 , m = +1 , s = +1/2
Mt khc: n +l +m +s =4,5 n =2
Cu hnh e nguyn t ca X l: 1s
2
2s
2
2p
3
; X l Nit (N)
b) CTCT v trng thi lai ha ca:
* NH
3
N trng thi lai ha sp
3



* Oxit cao nht: N
2
O
5
N trng thi lai ha sp
2




* Hiroxit cao nht: HNO
3
N trng thi lai ha sp
2


a) 1s
2
2s
2
2p
3

X l Nit (N)
(1,5 im)






b) N trng thi
lai ha sp
3
( 1,5 im)
2. Th tch ca 1 mol Ca =
40,08
1,55
=25,858 cm
3

mt mol Ca cha N
A
=6,02 10
23
nguyn t Ca
Theo c kht, th tch ca 1 nguyn t Ca =
23
25,858 0,74
6,02 10

=3,18
10
23
cm
3

T V =
3
4
r
3
t
1,965.10
-8
cm
(2 im)
H N H

H
O =N O N =O
+ +
O O
H O N =O
+
O
Bn knh nguyn t Ca =r =
3
3V
4t
=
23
3
3 3,18 10
4 3,14

=1,965 10
8
cm


Cu 2:
1. Tinh th ng kim loi c cu trc lp phng tm din.
a) Hy v cu trc mng t bo c s v cho bit s nguyn t Cu cha trong t bo s ng ny
b) Tnh cnh lp phng a() ca mng tinh th, bit nguyn t Cu c bn knh bng 1,28
c) Xc nh khong cch gn nht gia hai nguyn t Cu trong mng
d) Tnh khi lng ring ca Cu theo g/cm
3

2. Trn 100ml dung dch Na
2
SO
4
0,00075M vi 50 ml dung dch BaCl
2
0,015M. Kt ta c xut
hin khng? Khi no kt ta khng sinh ra na? Cho T(BaSO
4
) =1,1.10
-10

Cch gii Kt qu
1. a) Mng t bo c s ca Cu (hnh
bn)
Theo hnh v, s nguyn t Cu l
tm nh lp phng = 8
1
8
=1
6 mt lp phng = 6
1
2
=3
Vy tng s nguyn t Cu cha trong t bo s ng =1 +3 =4 (nguyn
t)
b) Xt mt lp phng ABCD ta c: AC = a 2 =4 r
Cu

a =
0
Cu
4 r 4 1,28A
2 2

= = 3,63
c) Khong cch ngn nht gia 2 nguyn t l on AE:
AE =
AC a 2
2 2
= =2,55
d) Khi lng ring: +1 mol Cu =64 gam
+Th tch ca 1 t bo c s =a
3
cha 4 nguyn t Cu
+ 1 mol Cu c N
A
=6,02 10
23
nguyn t
Khi lng ring d =
m
V
=4
23 8 3
64
6,02 10 (3,63 10 )

=8,88 g/cm
3

a) 4 nguyn t








b) a =3,63A
0




c) khong cch ngn
nht
2,55A
0


d) d =8,88

(4 im)
Khi trn ln 2 dung dch th:

2
4
0,00075.100
[ ]
150
SO

= =0,0005M
2
0,015.50
[ ]
150
Ba
+
= =0,005M
Ta c:
2 2 6
4
[ ].[ ] 2,5.10 SO Ba
+
= >T(BaSO
4
) =1,1.10
-10

Vy c xut hin kt ta n khi
2 2
4
[ ].[ ] SO Ba
+
=T(BaSO
4
) th kt ta
khng sinh ra na.

2 2 6
4
[ ].[ ] 2,5.10 SO Ba
+
=
>T(BaSO
4
) =1,1.10
-10



c xut hin kt ta
n khi
2 2
4
[ ].[ ] SO Ba
+

=T(BaSO
4
) th kt ta
khng sinh ra na.
( 1 im)


A
B
C
D
a
E
D C
A
B
E
Cu 3.
1. Cho 24,696 gam hn hp 3 kim loi Mg, Fe, Cu vo 210ml dung dch HNO
3
3,4M khuy u
thy thot ra mt kh duy nht khng mu, ho nu trong khng kh, trong dung dch cn d mt
kim loi cha tan ht. tip t t dung dch H
2
SO
4
2,5M vo, cht kh trn li thot ra cho n
khi kim loi va tan ht th mt ng 92,4ml dung dch axit, thu c dung dch A ( bit A c th
lm mt mu dung dch KMnO
4
). Ly dung dch A cho tc dng vi dung dch NaOH long va
, lc kt ta, ri nung ngoi khng kh n khi lng khng i thu c cht rn B nng 16,38
gam. Tnh % khi lng mi kim loi trong hn hp. Xem Cu(OH)
2
khng tan trong dung dch
NaOH long.
2. Trong mt bnh kn c cha N
2
(1M), H
2
(4M) v xc tc ( th tch khng ng k) . Thc hin
phn ng nhit t
0
c v p sut p .Khi h t n trng thi cn bng th p sut l 0,8p, nhit
vn l t
0
c . Hy tnh :
a) Hng s cn bng ca phn ng
b) Hiu sut ca phn ng
Cch gii Kt qu
0,21.3,4 0,0924.2.2,5
H
n
+
= + = 1,176 mol
3
0,21.3,4
NO
n

= = 0,714 mol
3Mg +8H
+
+2NO
3
-
3Mg
2+
+2NO +4H
2
O
x 8x/3 x
3Cu +8H
+
+2NO
3
-
3Cu
2+
+2NO +4H
2
O
y 8y/3 y
3Fe +8H
+
+2NO
3
-
3Fe
2+
+2NO +4H
2
O
z 8z/3 z
0
2
2
( )
OH t
Mg Mg OH MgO

+

x x
0
2
2
( )
OH t
Cu Cu OH CuO

+

y y
0
2
, 2
2 2 3
2 2 ( )
O t OH
Fe Fe OH Fe O

+

z z/2
m
hh
=24x +64y +56z =24,696 g (1)
H
n
+
= 8x/3 +8y/3 +8z/3 =1,176 mol (2)
m
CR
=40x +80y +160.(z/2) =16,38.2 (3)
Gii h 1, 2, 3 x = 0,063
y = 0,252
z = 0,126
% 6,122%
% 65,306%
% 28,572%
Mg
Cu
Fe
m
m
m
=
=
=

3,5 im
2)
Ta c cn bng: N
2

+ 3H
2

2NH
3
K
C

Ban u: 1 4
Phn ng x 3x 2x
Cn bng 1 x 4-3x 2x
5
0,8 5 2
d
d
P
P x
=

x =0,5
(1,5 im)
a) K
C
=25







Cu 4 :
1. Hn hp gm FeCl
3
, MgCl
2
, CuCl
2
ha tan trong nc c dung dch X.
Cho X tc dng vi Na
2
S d tch ra mt lng kt ta m
1
. Nu cho mt lng d H
2
S tc dng
vi X tch ra mt lng kt ta m
2
. Thc nghim cho bit m
1
=2,51m
2
.
Nu gi nguyn lng cc cht MgCl
2
, CuCl
2
trong X v thay FeCl
3
bng FeCl
2
cng lng ri
ha tan trong nc th c dung dch Y.
Cho Y tc dng vi Na
2
S d tch ra mt lng kt ta m
3
. Nu cho mt lng d H
2
S tc dng
vi Y tch ra mt lng kt ta m
4
. Thc nghim cho bit m
3
=3,36m
4
.
Xc nh % khi lng mi mui trong hn hp ban u.
2. Mt khong cht c cha 20,93% Nhm; 21,7% Silic v cn li l oxi v Hidro (v khi lng).
Hy xc nh cng thc ca khong cht ny.
a)
2
3
1
0,128
0,5.2,5
C
K = =
b) Hiu sut phn ng: H =
0,5
.100%
1
=40%



b) H =40%
Cch gii Kt qu
1. MgCl
2
+Na
2
S +2H
2
O Mg(OH)
2
+ +H
2
S +2NaCl
2FeCl
3
+3Na
2
S 2FeS + +S + +6NaCl
CuCl
2
+Na
2
S CuS + + 2NaCl

MgCl
2
+H
2
S khng phn ng
2FeCl
3
+H
2
S 2FeCl
2
+S + +2HCl
CuCl
2
+H
2
S CuS + + 2HCl
t s mol cc mui ln lt l x, y, z. Ta c:

y
58x 88y 32 96z
2
16y 96z
+ + +
+
=2,51 58x +63,84y =144,96z (1)
S mol FeCl
2
=
162,5y
127
=1,28y
FeCl
2
+Na
2
S FeS + +2NaCl
FeCl
2
+H
2
S khng phn ng

58x 88 1,28y 96z
96z
+ +
=3,36 58x +112,64y =226,56z (2)
Gii (1) v (2) cho 48,8y =81,6z
t m
hh
=95x +162,5y +135z =100
x =0,14 ; y =0,356 ; z =0,213
%MgCl
2
=13,3%
%CuCl
2
=28,76%
%FeCl
3
=57,95%
%mMgCl
2

=13,3%
%mCuCl
2

= 28,76%
%mFeCl
3

=57,95%
(3 im)
2. t % lng Oxi =a th % lng Hidro =57,37 a
Ta c: t l s nguyn t
Al : Si : O : H =
20,93 21,7 a
: : :(57,37 a)
27 28 16

Mt khc: phn t khong cht trung ha in nn
Al
2
Si
2
O
9
H
4

hay
Al
2
O
3
.2SiO
2
.2H
2
O
(Cao lanh)
( 2 im)

Cu 5
1. Tnh pH ca dung dch thu c khi trn ln 50,0 ml dung dch NH
4
Cl 0,200 M vi 75,0 ml dung
dch NaOH 0,100 M. Bit K
b
(NH
3
) =1,8.10
-5

2. Cho phn ng phn hy CaCO
3
(r) CaO(r) +CO
2
(k)
Cho bit 298
0
K:
0
pu
H A =+178,32 kJ ;
0
S A =+160,59 J /K
a) Phn ng c t din bin 25
0
C khng?
b) Phn ng c t din bin 850
0
C khng?










20,93 21,7 a
3 4 2 (57,37 a) 0
27 28 16
+ + =
Gii phng trnh cho a =55,82
Suy ra, Al : Si : O : H =
20,93 21,7 55,82
: : :1,55
27 28 16
= 2 : 2 : 9 : 4
Vy cng thc khong cht Al
2
Si
2
O
9
H
4
hay Al
2
O
3
.2SiO
2
.2H
2
O (Cao lanh)
Cch gii Kt qu
1. NH
4
+
+OH
-
NH
3
+H
2
O
3
4
0,0075
NH
NH pu OH pu
n n n mol
+
= = = <
4
NH bd
n
+

Dung dch cha NH
4
+
, NH
3
, Cl
-
, Na
+


4
3
0,0025
[ ] 0,02
0,125
0,0075
[ ] 0,06
0,125
NH M
NH M
+
= =
= =

Ta c cn bng: NH
3

+ H
2
O

NH
4
+
+ OH
-
K
b

Ban u: 0,06 0,02
Phn ng x x x
Cn bng 0,06 x 0,02+x x

5
(0,02 ).
1,8.10
(0,06 )
b
x x
K
x

+
= =

5
5,4.10 x

~ pOH =4,27 pH =9,73M
pH =9,73M
(4 im)
2.
0 0 0
. G H T S A = A A
a) t
0
=25
0
C
0
298
178,32 298.0,16059 130,464 G kJ A = = >0
Phn ng khng t xy ra
b) t
0
=850
0
C
0
298
178,32 1123.0,16059 2,02257 G kJ A = = <0
Phn ng t xy ra

(1 im)
a) khng t xy ra


b) t xy ra
Cu 6
Hn hp A gm 3 este n chc, mch thng, to thnh t cng mt ancol B vi 3 axit hu c, trong
c hai axit no l ng ng k tip nhau v mt axit khng no cha mt lin kt i. X phng
ho hon ton 14,7 gam A bng dung dch NaOH, thu c hn hp mui v p gam ancol B. Cho p
gam ancol B vo bnh ng natri d, sau phn ng c 2,24 lt kh thot ra v khi lng bnh
ng natri tng 6,2 gam. Mt khc t chy hon ton 14,7 gam A, thu c 13,44 lt CO
2
v 9,9
gam H
2
O. Xc nh cng thc cu to ca tng este trong A. (Cc th tch kh o iu kin tiu
chun).

* Bi lm ca hc sinh theo cch khc ng vn cho im.
Cch gii Kt qu
Xc nh ancol B: v este n chc nn ancol B n chc
R OH + Na R ONa +
1
2
H
2

0,2 0,1 mol
tng KL = KL (R O) =6,2 g
KL mol (R O) =
6,2
0,2
=31 R +16 =31 R =15 l CH
3
Ancol
B: CH
3
OH
Cng thc ca 2 este no l: C
n
H
2n 1 +
COOCH
3
s mol =x
Cng thc ca este cha no l C
m
H
2m1
COOCH
3
s mol =y

C
n
H
2n 1 +
COOCH
3
+
3n 4
2
+
O
2
(n +2) CO
2
+ (n +2) H
2
O
x (n +2) x (n +2) x
C
m
H
2m1
COOCH
3
+
3m 3
2
+
O
2
(m +2) CO
2
+(m +1) H
2
O
y m +2) y (m +1) y
ta c h pt: x + y =0,2 (1)
(n +2) x +(m +2) y =0,6 (2)
(n +2) x +(m +1) y =0,55 (3)
Gii h pt cho x = 0,15 ; y = 0,05 v 3n +m =4
Do n = 0 v m > 2 nn 2 s m s 3
bi ton c 2 nghim m =2 v m =3
Vi m =2
n =
2
3
ng vi nghim
HCOOCH
3
; CH
3
COOCH
3
v CH
2
=CH-COOCH
3

Vi m =3 n =
1
3

ng vi nghim
HCOOCH
3
; CH
3
COOCH
3
v C
3
H
5
-COOCH
3

(5 im)
HCOOCH
3
;
CH
3
COOCH
3

v
CH
2
=CH-COOCH
3

hay
HCOOCH
3

CH
3
COOCH
3

V
C
3
H
5
-COOCH
3