Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Theory of Seismic Imaging
Theory of Seismic Imaging
!"$#&%('$)+*-,/.1032
6
00
46587:9<;>=?5A@
BCED>FGF
!"$#&%('$)+*-,/.1032
IJLKNMPORQSJUTWV-X1YRZ[Z
\ ]_^PQ`YRacb`deSMfTgYihjMfkLYlXjmonSaSpqT1Mf]_a
p `I JLKNMfORQSJUTWVX1YRZ1ZlRL>
D>u<D 5 FGD 5 {s 5 CEwU6L
}
4 D 9 F 7:9<975 9 {? 9 F @ v?D?CE~ D>FGF @ v?CE~s?v}v 9 vFGD 9 F 7 ~8C 587 F+CGD ~C = D = ~8{ @ v?D 5 C @ vFiFGs?C1
| 58 D 5 CED 75 ?D =9 { @ ~CED>?CED>FED>{ @l5A@G9 ~{6F~8| 9@ F 9 { @ DxC 9 ~8C:6CG~D>C @q9 DxF> 75 9 {? 7 D @ v?~ = F 5 CED
{?~L 58=y5 wF 5 ?6u 9 D =@ ~ 5 t?CE~ 58= C 5 {6D~8| FED 9 F 79 ~t?FED>C A5A@G9 ~{6F>|CG~ 7 {?D 5 C1gFEs?CE| 58 DDx{ 9 CG~{
7 D>{ @l5 uF @ s =?9 D>F> @ ~~ 9 u 5 { = 5 FDR66u<~C 5A@q9 ~{D Dx{ @ ~u<~8{?AgD>C 9 ~ = D 5 C @ v?Ss 58 DcFGD 9 F 7 ~u<~88w
v?D v 5 C 58@ DxC 9 F @q9 u<Dx{? @ vF >5 u<DxF~8| @ v6D|D 5A@ s?CGDxF 9<75 D = t`w @ v?D>FED @ D v?{ 9 s6D>FC 5 {?D~ DxC
75 {`w~8C = DxCGF$~A| 75 8{ 9@ s = D8 D @$@ v6D>CGD 9 F 5 ~ 77 ~{t~ = w~8|W?v`wF 9U5 u @ v?Dx~CEw 5 { =75A@ v?D
75A@q9U5 u @ D v6{ 9 Ss?DxFi}v 9 vs6{ = D>CEu 9 D>F 5 u<u @ v?DxFGD 7 D @ v?~ = Fx
v?D|~ s?F~A| @ v 9 F}t3~~ c9 F @ v6D 975 9 {?~8|CGDx?D x@G9 ~{FGD 9 F 7:9<N=y5o@l5 |CE~ 7 ~{ @ CG~8u<u<D = FE~s?C D>Fx
@i@ v?D|CGD>Ss?Dx{ >9 D>F @ w 9<U5 u~A|FGs vD3DxC 97 Dx{ @ F> @ v?D 5 C @ v 9 Fx @ ~ 5: CEF @$5 ??CE~L 975A@G9 ~{ 5
DxC @G9<U5 u<uwF @ C 5A@G9 D =7 D =?9 s 7 v?DxFGDF @ C 5A@q9yU5o@q9 ~8{?F+v 5U DCGD>FEs?u @ D = |CG~ 7@ v?DNFGu~_N ~{?F @q5 { @
= Dx3~F 9@G9 ~{~A|3FED =?97 Dx{ @ F>`F 5 { = Fx 5 FGv 5 { = FG~~{s?D @ ~ ~ 7 58x@G9 ~{8D>CE~F 9 ~{ v 5 {?D}~8|FED 5
u<D Dxu 5 { =75 {`w~ @ v?D>C| 58@ ~CEF> @ v?DDx~u<~8 9< 5 { = v?Dx{ D:D>u 5 F @G9< v 5 C 5Ax@ DxC~A| @ v?D>FED:u 5 wD>CEF
A5 C 9 D>FW 9@ v = Dx @ v 5 { =5 D8 {?Div 5 F~{?uw @ ~u<~~ 5A@5 {:D~FGD = FGD =69<7 D>{ @l5 C[w CE~FGFjFGD @q9 ~{
@ ~:tD 97 ?CED>FEFGD = t`w @ v?DN| 58@i@ v 5A@i@ v?DxFGD v 5 {?8D>F >5 {~ > s?C}~ D>CFGs vFGv?~8C @=?9 F @l5 { D>F @ v 5o@
@ v6D+?CG~D>C @q9 D>F @ v6D 7 FGD>u DxF 5 CED+Dx3D @q9 D>uw =?9 F ~8{ @G9 {Ss?~s6FCED>u 5A@q9 D @ ~ @ v?D+FGD 9 F 79 5U D>u<Dx{? @ v
v?DxFGD+u 5 w8D>CGF U5 { A5 C[w 9 { @ v 9<l {?D>FEF|CG~ 7 uD>FGF @ v 5 { 5$7 D @ DxC @ ~ 75 {`wvSs?{ = CED = F~8| 7 D @ D>CEF> F
5 CGDxFGs?u @ ?}v?Dx{ @ v6DN 5 C @ vFiFGs?C[| 58 D 9 F+D >9@ D = 9@ vFE~ 7 DFG~s?C D~8|/FGD 9 F 7:9< Dx{?D>CE8w 5 { =@ v6D
CGDxFG~{?FEDCGD ~C = D = ~8{FGD 9 F 7 ~ 7 D @ D>CEF>yD 9 uuFGD>D 5 ~ 7 6u 9<>5A@ D =; ~~~8|D>u 5 F @q9 5U D @ wD>Fx
CGDyD @q9 ~{?F |CG~ 7@ v?D =?9 F ~{ @q9 {Ss 9@q9 D>F 9 { 75A@ DxC 95 u3?CE~D>C @G9 DxF> 7 s?u @G9 ?uDiCEDxyD x@G9 ~{?F 9@ v 9 { @ v6D
u 5 w8D>CGFxs 9<= D = 5U D>F> 9 { @ D>C[| 58 D 5U D>F}v 9< v?CG~ 5 5A@ D 5 u~{? @ v?Dt~s?{ =y5 CEwtD @ jD>Dx{ @ j~
=?9 DxCGD>{ @ u 5 w8D>CGFx$FEs?CE| 58 D 5U DxF}v 9 v 5 CGDD~{?Dx{ @G95 uuw 5A@G@ D>{Ss 5A@ D = 9@ v = Dx @ v$ 5U D>F
}v 9 v 5 CEDCGD|C 58@ D = t`w ~{ @q9 {Ss?~8s?F v 5 {?DxF 9 { 75o@ D>C 95 u?CE~3DxC @G9 D>Fx 5 { = ~ @ v?D>CEF> v?D v 5 C1
58@ D>Ci~8| @ v?DxFGDFED 9 F 7:9< 5U D>F 5 uu<~L}F+FGD 9 F 7 ~u~ 9 F @ F @ ~ 758 D 9 {6|D>CED>{ D>F 5 t3~8s @}@ v?D{ 5A@ s?CGD~8|
@ v6DFEs?t?FEs?CE| 58 D8D>~u~8w
D U5 s?FED+~8| @ D x@ ~{ 9<5 { = ~ @ v?DxC = w{ 587:9< |~C D>F 5o@ j~C 9 { @ v?D 5 C @ v @ v 9 F CEF @ ~C = D>C 9 D~8|
@ v6DFEs?t?FEs?CE| 58 DDx~u<~88w 5 F 5 u 5 wDxC U58 D 7 s6F @ ~8| @ Dx{tD 7 ~ =?9 D =c@ ~ @l5A D 9 { @ ~ 58x ~s?{ @ tD>{ @
5 { = |C 58x@ s?CGD = F @ C 5A@l5 @ CGD 7 D = Dx|~8C 75A@q9 ~{?F >5 {~ x s?C 9 {?CG~ DxFGFGDxFFEs v 5 F 7 ~8s?{ @l589 {
t?s 9 u =?9 {??{ = D>C @ v6D 9 {6?s?D>{ D~8|}CED 5A@ v?D 5o@5 { = F @ CGDxFGFxFE~ 7 DCG~ l FDv 9 t 9@5@l5 w`gu 9< D
~8{?F 9 F @ Dx{ w 5 { =>5 {tDt3Dx{ @9 { @ ~D~ @G9< FGv 5 3DxF 9@ v?~s @ t?CGD 58S9 {??}v 9 u<D~ @ v?D>CEFtD ~ 7 D
FGD DxCGD>uw|C 58@ s?CED = g{ 75 C 9 {?DjD>{ 9 CG~8{ 7 Dx{ @ F>SuD>FGF = Dx{?FGD}F 5 u @>5 {t3D+~ D>CGu 589 {t`w 7 ~CED = D>{6FGD
FGD =?9<7 D>{ @ F> 5 F @ v?DF 5 u @ C 9 FGDxFs?{ = D>C 9@ F+~_}{t?s?~Lw 5 { w8 9@ ?s?FGv6D>F @ v?D~ D>CEt?s?C = D>{~s @ ~A| @ v6D
9
5 w8FGD D>CED>uw = D|~C 7:9 {6~C 9 9 { 5 uuw 5A@ u 5 wDxCGF> s?C @ v?D>CxD D>{~{ @ v?DCGD>u 5A@q9 Dxuwu~ >5 u 9; D =
F >5 u<D~8|D?u~C 5o@q9 ~8{FGD 9 F 7 ~u<~88w @ v6D>CGD 75 wt3DF 9 { 9yU5 { @ u 5A@ DxC 5 u A5 C 9<5A@q9 ~{?F 9 { 75A@ D>C 9<5 u
?CE~3DxC @G9 D>Fx ~C D 587 ?uD8 9 |DNu~~ :5A@@ v?DFED =?97 Dx{ @ F U5 CEC 9 D =c= ~L}{?F @ CGD 587 t`w 5 C 9 DxC> 9@ 9 F
uD 5 C @ v 5o@ u 9 v @ DxC 5 C @G9< uD>F 9 u<u`tD >5 CGC 9 D = |s?C @ v?D>Cx8}v 9 u<Dt 9 DxC/~8{?D>F 9 u<uStD = Dx3~F 9@ D = CEF @
y~L}F}{?D 5 C @ v?D Dx{ @ D>C}~8| @ v?D v 5 {?{?Dxu 9 uutD| 5 F @ D>C @ v 5 { @ v?Dy~L~{ @ v?D D>CG8D8 v 9 F} 9 DxF
C 9 FGD @ ~:F 9 { 9y>5 { @+85 C 95o@q9 ~8{ 9 F @ v?D = D>{?F 9@ w 5 { = ~CG~8F 9@ w~8| 5 9 Dx{FED =?97 Dx{ @l5 C[w|~C 75A@G9 ~{
5 F 5 |s?{ @q9 ~8{~A|Es?F @ v?~L @ v6DFED =?97 Dx{ @ F}DxCGD = D>~F 9@ D =
/58S9 {? 5 u<u @ v6D>FGDDD x@ F 9 { @ ~ 58> ~s?{ @ }FED 9 F 79 5U DxFc?CG~ 5 5A@G9 {? 9 { @ v?D 5 C @ v 9 u<u}tD
CGD|C 58@ D = CEDxyD x@ D =5 { ==?9 C 58x@ D = /g{~C = D>C @ ~tD 5 t?u<D @ ~ 975 8D @ v?D 5 C @ v @ ~FGDxD @ v?CG~s6v
@ v6D ~ 7 ?u 9<>5A@ D ==?9 F @ ~C @G9 {?Nu<Dx{?F @ v 5A@j9@ Fjv?D @ DxCG~Dx{?D>~8s?F FGs6t?FGs?C[| 58 D$?CGDxFGD>{ @ F @ ~s?F> 9 {~ @ v?DxC
j~C = Fx @ ~tD 5 t?uD @ ~FE~u D @ v?D 9 { D>CEFGDNF >5A@G@ D>C 9 {??CG~8t?u<D 7 SDN{?DxD =@ ~tD 5 t?uD @ ~s?{ = ~ 5 u<u
~8| @ v?DxFGD 5U D?CG~ 5 5A@G9 ~{Dx3D @ Fxg{ 5 {s @ FGv6D>u<u @ v 5A@9 F @ v?Di~ 5 uy~8| 9<75 9 {?? @ ~ @ C 5 {?F[|~C 7
5 FGs 9@ D~A|jFED 9 F 7 ~C 5A7 FCGD ~C = D =5A@@ v6DFGs?C[| 58 D~8| @ v6D 5 C @ v 9 { @ ~ 5gLlo 9 D8 5
FG 5A@q9<5 u 975 8D~8|FG~ 7 D?CG~83DxC @ w~A| @ v?D 5 C @ vs?FGs 5 u<uwi 5L DFGD>D = ~C 9<7 3D =y5 { DLR v?DxCGD 5 CED
@ j~ @ w3DxF~8|FE 5A@q9<5 u A5 C 9<5A@q9 ~{?F}~8| @ v?D 5 C @ vF$?CE~D>C @G9 DxF> v?D>CED 5 CED @ v6DF 7 ~~ @ v v 5 {?DxF
F 7 ~~ @ v 7 D 5 { 9 {?3~8FGFGDxFGF 9 {?FG 5A@q9<5 u 5U D>uD>{? @ v?Fc}v 9 v 5 CGDu~{? ~ 7 5 CGD =@ ~FGD 9 F 7:9<
5L D>uD>{? @ v?Fl 5 FGFE~ x95A@ D = 9@ v6CG~ D>FEFGDxFFGs v 5 F ~ 7 5Ax@q9 ~{ v?DxFGDC 58= s 5 u A5 C 9<5A@q9 ~{?F
U5 s?FGDC 5 w 5A@ v?F @ ~tDDx{ @ uw @ s?CG{?D = ~CjCGDx|C 58x@ D = { @ v?D$~ @ v?DxC v 5 { = @ v?D>CED 5 CGD @ v?DFGv 5 CG
v 5 {6D>F:FGv?~C @ FG 5A@q9<5 u 5U Dxu<D>{6 @ vR 7 ~8F @ uw 9 { @ v?D DxC @G9<U5 u =?9 CGD @q9 ~{3}v 9< vjD 5 FGFE~ x95A@ D
9@ v v 5 {?DxF 9 {u 9@ v?~u<~88w 5 { = @ ~ 5 uD>FGFED>CD @ D>{ @ |C 58x@ s?C 9 {?? v?DxFGDFEv?~C @ 5U D>uD>{? @ v
|D 5o@ s?CED>F 9 DcC 9 FGD @ ~ @ v?DCGDx?D x@G9 ~{6F 5 { ==?9 3C 58@q9 ~{?FjDFGD>D~{FGD 9 F 79 FGD x@q9 ~{?Fx| @ v6D
5 C @ vjD>CED~{6uwF 7 ~~ @ v6uw A5 C[w 9 {?? 9@ v{?~ =69 F ~{ @q9 {s 9@q9 D>Fx @ v?D>{Dj~s?u = {?~ @ FGDxD 5 {Sw
D D>{ @ F 5A@5 u<u 9 {DR?u<~C 5A@q9 ~{FED 9 F 7 ~8u<~8wtD >5 s?FED @ v?D =?9 F @q5 { DxFt3D @ DxD>{ @ v?DFG~s?C DxF 5 { =
CGD D 9 DxCGF 5 CED{?~ @ ~8| @ Dx{u 5 CEDDx{?~s?v|~8CC 5 wF @ ~ @ s?CE{s?` 5 C =5 { = tDCGD ~C = D = v 9 F
7 D 5 {?F @ v 5A@+@ ~ CGF @ ~C = D>Cx?CGDyD @q9 ~{FGD 9 F 7 ~u<~88w 9 F+FGDx{?F 9@q9 DN?C 975 C 9 uw @ ~ @ v?DFEv?~C @ FE 5A@G95 u
5L D>uD>{? @ v|D 5A@ s?CGDxF 9 { @ v6D Dxu<~ >9@ w 7 ~ = D>u-Ds6FGs 5 uuw 5 FEFGs 7 D @ v 5A@ D {6~_ @ v?DF 7 ~~ @ v6uw
A5 CEw 9 {? 5 C @ ~8| @ v?D D>u~ x9@ w 7 ~ = D>uFG~ 7 D>v?~L 5 { = s?FGD 5 { 975 9 {? 5 u<~C 9@ v 7@ ~ { =@ v6D
=?9 F ~8{ @G9 {Ss 9@q9 DxF>
v?DiD 5 CEu 9 D>F @ |~C 7 FW~8| 9<75 9 {? 9 { ~u D =7 ~ 9 {??`u 9@ D>C 5 u<uw 7:9 C 5A@q9 {??D Dx{ @ F 5 CE~s?{ = FGD 9 F 7:9<
@q97 DFGD x@G9 ~{?F$tSw 75 {s 5 u/~8C 7 D v 5 { 9<U5 u 7 D 5 {6F>N 5A@ DxC> @ v?DxFGD 75 {Ss 5 u 79 C 5A@G9 ~{ 7 D @ v?~ = F
jD>CGDCGD>6u 58 D = t`w ~ 7 ?s @ D>C1g~C 9 D>{ @ D =7 D @ v?~ = F}v 9< v @ ~~ 9 { @ ~ 5A> ~8s?{ @ @ ~ A5 CEw 9 {? = D>CED>D>Fx
@ v6D6vSwF 9< F~8|i 5U D?CG~8 5 5A@G9 ~{ 5 { = F U5A@E@ DxC 9 {6? @9 F{?~L 5 ? 5 CGDx{ @:@ v 5A@5 u<u 58> s?C 5A@ D
9<75 9 {? 7 D @ v?~ = F U5 {ctD 9 DD = D>FGFED>{ @q9<5 u<uw 5 Fu 9 {?D 5 C 9; D =9 { DxCGF 9 ~{?F~8| @ v6D$ 5U DD>Ss 5A@G9 ~{
}v?D @ v?DxC 9 { @ D>C 7 FN~8| ~8s?C 9 D>C 9 { @ D>C 5 u~D>C 5A@ ~CEFN~C =?9 CED @ 8C 58=?9 D>{ @ t 5 FED = ~ @q979;U5A@G9 ~{~8|
5 5L Dx|~C 77:9 F 6@ |s?{ @q9 ~{ v?D 9<7 ?u 9>9@NU5U D 5A@ v 5 {? 9 {?~{ @ v?Dj~C = DxFGFGDx{ @q95 u<uw 9 {
@ v6Du 5 F @ FGD>{ @ D>{ D 9 F @ v 9 F>D>~8?u<D 9 { @ v?DD?u<~8C 5A@G9 ~{ ~ 7:7 s?{ 9@ w}v?~6C 58@q9< D 7:9 8C 5A@G9 ~{
5 CEDs?FEs 5 u<uw{?~ @5 t?u<D @ ~~8t @l589 {~C?CGDxFGD>C D @ v?D @ CEs?D 587 ?u 9@ s = D>F}~8| @ v?D =y5A@q5 F 5 CED>FGs6u @
5A@E@ D 7 @ F @ ~ 9 { @ D>CE?CGD @ FGs6t @ uD v 5 {?D>F 9 {CGDyD @ ~C/F @ CED>{? @ v 5 F/~63~FED =@ ~$CEDxyD x@ ~C~F 9@q9 ~{
s?FEs 5 u<uwCEs?{ 5 |~s6u?~8|~{?D ~8C 7 ~8CGD 5 6?CG~U 9<75A@q9 ~{?F 758= D 9 { @ v?D+FGDxs6D>{ D~8|?CE~ D>FEF 9 {6F @ Dx?F
@ v 5A@758 Ds? 57:9 C 5A@q9 ~{ @ C 58 DDxSs 5 u 9;U5A@G9 ~{` 589 { 9 {?? = D ~8{ ~u<s @q9 ~8{SD @q { @ v?D$~ @ v?DxC
v 5 { = 9 |-jDNv 58=c@ CEs?D 587 ?u 9@ s = D =y5A@q5 @ v 5A@}9 Fx 9 | @ v?DNF 587 ?uD>F CED ~8C = D = ~{ @ v?DFGD 9 F 7 ~C 587
CGD 5 u<uwjD>CGD?CG~83~C @q9 ~{ 5 u @ ~ @ v6D Dxu<~ >9@ w~8| @ v?D$ 9 D D~8| 5 C @ v @ ~N}v 9< v @ v?D$8D>~?v6~{?DjD>CED
5A@E@l58 v?D = @ v?D>{jD ~s?u =75A DSs 5 { @G9@q5A@q9 D:F @l5o@ D 7 D>{ @ F 5 t~s @ v?~LFG 5A@G95 u A5 C 95A@G9 ~{?F 9 {
CGDyD @ ~C$F @ CED>{? @ vDxCGDCED>u 5A@ D =@ ~ v 5 {?D>F 9 {Dx~u<~8 9<>5 u-?CG~D>C @q9 D>F> v?D =?9 F @q9 { x@G9 ~{v?D>CED
9 F @ v6D =?9 F @G9 { @q9 ~8{tD @ jD>Dx{ 9<75 9 {6:CEDxyD x@ ~CGFx~{ @ v?D~{?Dv 5 { = 5 { == ~ 9 {6 5@ CGs6D 9 { D>CGFED
?CE~t?u<D 7 |~C @ v?DNFGs?t6FGs?C[| 58 D?CG~D>C @q9 D>F+~{ @ v?DN~ @ v?D>Cx
{ @G9 uSs 9@ DCGD Dx{ @ uw @ v?DD?u~C 5o@q9 ~8{ ~ 7:7 s?{ 9@ wv 5 F+t3DxD>{D us?F 9 Dxuw ~{ D>CG{6D = 9@ v @ v6D
|~C 7 DxC> 5 { =@ ~ =y5 w @ v?D:~C =E7:9 8C 5A@G9 ~{? 5 u 7 ~F @5 u 5 wFCGDx|DxCGF @ ~ @ v?D 9<75 9 {?c?CG~8t?u<D 7
v?D 7 ~CEDjFE~?v 9 F @G9<U5o@ D =9 Dx~8| 9<75 9 {? 5 F 5 { 9 { D>CEFGD6CG~t?uD 79 F/C 58= s 5 u<uw 75A9 {? 9@ F- 5 w
9 { @ ~ @ v6D ?CG~ = s @q9 ~{FG~A| @ 5 CED ~8|~ 9 u 5 { = 5 FD?u~C 5A@G9 ~{ ~ 7 5 { 9 DxF>F 9 { D U5 CGDx|s6u @ CED 5A@G7 Dx{ @
~8| 587 ?u 9@ s = DxF 9 F~8| @ Dx{ CGs x95 u 9 { 758S9 {? = D >9 F 9 ~{?F~{FGs6t @ uDu 9@ v?~u~ 9< ?u 5 wF: 587 6u 9@ s = D
DxCGFEs?FN~8FED @ ~C 5 { =9 {CGDxFG~u 9 {? @ v?D v 5 ~ @G9< 5U D?CE~ 5 5o@q9 ~8{Dx3D @ FN~8| ~ 7 ?uD
F @ CGs @ s?CED>Fx
v?Dx{F @ s = w 9 {? 79 C 5A@G9 ~{ 7 D @ v6~ = Fx @ v?D+F @ s = D>{ @9 F| 58 D = 9@ v 5 tDx 9 u = DxC 9 {? 5 FEFG~C @q7 D>{ @ ~8|
5 u~C 9@ v 7 F>Lt 5 FGD = s?3~8{ =?9 D>CEFGD 6vSwF 9<U5 u 5 6?CG~U 9<75A@q9 ~{?Fx-v 5A@ FE~C @ ~8| Dxu<~ >9@ w 7 ~ = D>u >5 {
tDs?FED = ~{?F @l5 { @ 5U D$FGD>D =6c 3R D>{ @ uD =69 ?F 4@ D>D> =?9 ?F 4 v 5 u<u
jD 5A@E@ D 7 @@ ~s?FED @ s?CG{ 9 {?~CWCGDx|C 58x@ D = C 5 wF /58 D 9 { @ ~ 58x ~s6{ @j7 ~ = D ~{ D>C @ D =5 CGC 9A5 u<F
8 @ j~ =?9<7 D>{6F 9 ~8{?Fl 8 BCGDxF @q58l B/~8F @ F @l58l |~F @ F @q58l v?~L = ~DxFc~{?DDx3D @
~{?DR 5 w 5U D?CE~ 5 5A@q9 ~{ 9 Dx{ @ v 5A@ F @l58lS9 {6 5o@G@ Dx{Ss 5A@ DxF 7 s?u @G9 ?uDCEDxyD x@G9 ~{?F v 5o@
= ~ 7589 {FGv 5 uujD:s6FGD +97 DRgFE 58 D +97 DR 5L D{s 7 t3DxC CED>Ss?D>{ w`gFE 58 D CED>Ss?D>{ w`
5L D{Ss 7 tD>C ~:D 5 { @$@ ~ 9<75 D @ v?DDx{ @G9 CED =y5A@q5 FGD @ ~CEs?F @ FG~ 7 D 5 C @ ~8| 9@R CEDjD
Es?F @@ C[w 9 {? @ ~CED {6D 5 CGs = D Dxu<~ >9@ w 7 ~ = D>u~C 5 CGD}jD 5A@E@ D 7 @G9 {? @ ~CGD>FE~u D 5 { 9<7 3~C @l5 { @
|D 5o@ s?CED 9@ vv 9 8vCGDxFG~us @q9 ~{ @9 F~FGF 9 t?uD @ ~ 9<75 9 {?D 9<75 9 {6 5 u<~C 9@ v 7 F @ v 5A@ j~s?u =
j~C s6{ = D>C @ v?D 7 ~F @= D 75 { =?9 {?+~A| @ v?D>FED 5 FEFGs 7 @G9 ~{?Fx_t?s @@ v6Dxwj~s?u = tDWv 9 8v?uw 9 {?D >9 Dx{ @
}v?Dx{~{6D~8| @ v?DF 9<7 ?u<DxC?v`wF 9U5 u 7 ~ = D>uF 3DxC @q589 {?Fx { = F 9 { D 5 u<u3~8| @ v?DxFGDNF 9@ s 5o@q9 ~8{?F 5 C 9 FED
5A@ ~{?D @G9<7 D~8C 5 {?~ @ v?DxC> 9@9 F{?D D>FEF 5 C[w @ ~u<~~ 5A@585 C 9 D @ w~8| 79 C 5o@q9 ~8{ 5 u<~C 9@ v 7 F 9 {
=y589 uws?FGDA
9 Dx{ @ v?DcvSs?{ = CGD = F~A| 5 3DxCGF @ v 5A@ v 5U DtD>Dx{?s?t?u 9 FGv6D =9 { @ v?Dc 5 F @ _wD 5 CGFx @ ~ = ~ 5
CGD 5 FG~8{ 5 t?uw ~ 7 ?CGDxv?D>{?F 9 DE~t~8|+6CGD>FED>{ @q9 {? 5 uu @ v?D =?9 DxCGDx{ @9<75 9 {? 5 u<~C 9@ v 7 Fj~s?u =
CGDxSs 9 CED 5 t~~ 75 {`w @q97 DxF @ v?DuD>{? @ v~A| @ v 9 F~{6D8 v 9 F 5 F{6~ @7 w8~ 5 u 9 { 5 {`w >5 FGDA
}v 5U D @ C 9 D =@ ~cD 7 6v 5 F 9; D @ v?D|s?{ =y587 D>{ @l5 u/?v`wF 9<>5 u 5 { =75o@ v?D 75A@G9<>5 u 9<= D 5 F~8| 975 9 {?
C 5o@ v?DxC @ v 5 { @ v6D = D @l589 u<Fi~8|W 5 C @q9< s?u 5 C 5 ??u 9U5A@G9 ~{6F>}+v?~D @ v 5A@ C 5A@ v6D>C @ v 5 { 5 ?3D 5 C 9 {? 5 F
5=?9 FE 5 C 5o@ DNt 5 :~8| @ C 9l FxFGD 9 F 7:9<975 9 {? 9 u<utDNFGDxD>{ 5 F 5 ~v6D>CGDx{ @ t~ = w~8| {?~L}u<D = DA
7 s v 5 F}~ @G9< F 9 F>
<
3>% "
?A@
'IHJ0B $ LKF)
"
$ 2% "
_
L
<9M
8
A
8
8
NO0PQRSPQUT
%9
$]\
$&\
^+
6 z ~ 7 ? s @ DxC}6DxC x9 FGDAjEGcNN S
6 z ~ 7 ? s @ DxC}6DxC x9 FGDAjEG { 587 ?uD 4 ~u<s @q9 ~8{N S
`_
BC1 $ 2baced
hg
ibeDkj
%9]D
f M
8
8
8
l9l
E
D>C 75A@ F}BC 9 { >9 ?u<D NN 6
6 j~s?{ =y5 CEw z ~{ =?9@G9 ~{?F 5 { =4 {?D>uuF} 5 }F&N `
D>C 75A@} D = sNNN
mnoqpro0pqs
\+\
\+\
x(
z 5 FGDNl z 5 s6F 5 u
z 5 FGDNEl z 5 s?F 5 u :
z 5 FGDNEGl { @G9<>5 s?F 5 u
F|
F|
\ 5[ $&\
HJ%q
NN L
NN L
NN L 8
}>~}}/
}L~}*
9|
0{M
9}~}
]D,
%9
$]\
C1z
9
-/021432Jaed*0B?'
f
L
U
U
_8
_8
_A
_
_A
L
L8
{
NO0PQRSPQUT
9J
0<
%9-0?1#3>%98&C3>1
8LibeDF1
K "
$ HAEv "
"
^M
U8
U
U
_
_8
fl
_A
l M
L
L
L8
L
mnoqpro0pqs
_
_
_
_
t ~s @ NNN
~L @ ~ND @i5z ~`wc~A| NN
t @q589 { 9 {? 9 u<DxF t`w {?~8{Sw 7 ~s?F}| @ N
D>Ss 9 CGD 7 Dx{ @ F+|~C+g{?F @q5 u<u 9 {? @ v?DB 58lo5 8D N
s 9l D>F @ NN
Dxu< 58>9 u 9@G9 DxFNNN
6 4 D>u|g~ s 7 D>{ @l5A@G9 ~{ 4 Dxu| = ~ NN
6 4 s?v?D>uNNN
6 4 s?{ 587 D NNN
6 4 s = ~ NNN
6 4 s { = NNN
6 4 s Dwj~C = NNN
6 @ v?D>C Dxu<D v 5 { 9 F 7 F NN
F 9 {? NNN
? 5 { =
NN
? ?u~C 9 {? NN
? i{ = DxCGF @q5 { =?9 {? 5 { = F 9 {? 4 v6D>u<uBWCE~C 587 FN
? @ Dx{ =?9 {? t`w 4 v?D>uuBCG~8C 587:79 {? N
? 4 ~ 7 D z ~8CGDBCG~C 587 FNN
hg
L
L8
L8
L
L
<9{F
8
8
88
8A
8
8
8
8
8
88
88
U
8
L
L
U
8
NO0PQRSPQUT
&0CUee
>A1#1JJ)*2'+
A
A
A
88
88
8A
8
8
88
<C^ f
A`
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
8
A
o
mnoqpro0pqs
ib& "
!z"
'Fe
E
8
8
A
A
A
A
8
8
01
< l M
< l M
NO0PQRSPQUT
*
Dxu 5A@G9 ~{6FGv 9 587 ~{? @ v6D ~~C =?9 { 5A@ D>F 5 { = - 58 v 9 { =69<U5o@ D>F 5
FGD 9 F 7:9<@ C 5A D8NNN
z ~ 7:7 ~{ 79= 3~ 9 { @ C 5 w 5o@ v?Fs?{ = D>C @ v?CGDxD|~8u = ~ D>C 5 D8 4 ~s?C DxF 5 CGD~8{
@ v?DNuDx| @}5 { = CED D 9 D>CGF 5 CED~8{ @ v?DNC 9 v @ NN
g{ @ v 9 FNDR 5A7 ?uD @ v?D:FGv?~ @ FE 58x9 {? 9 FNv 5 u| @ v?D:CG~s6 9 { @ D>C 85 ui @ v6D =?9 F @q5 { D
t3D @ DxD>{CED D 9 D>CGF~8{ 5 9 Dx{u 9 {?DLR vSs?F @ v?D z BFE 58x9 {? 9 F/v 5 u| @ v?DjCG~s6
9 { @ DxC A5 u @ ~~6NNN
s6wDx{?F>SBC 9 { x9 ?uD8D DxCEw~ 9 { @ ~{ 5 5U D|CG~{ @jU5 {tD ~{?F 9<= DxCGD =5 F 5 FED
~{ =y5 CEwFE~s?C Di~8|FE?v?DxC 9<>5 u? 5L D>uD @ Fx DxCGD @ v?D}?u 5 {?D 5U D 7 ~ DxF 5=?9 F @q5 { D
+9 { @ v?D @G9<7 D 9 { CGD 7 D>{ @ } @ F${?D 3~F 9@G9 ~{ 9 F}|~s?{ = t`w = C 5 9 {? 5 u 9 {?D
@ v?CE~s?v @ v?DND>{ Dxu<~D~A| 5 uu~8| @ v?DNFE?v?D>C 9<>5 u 5U D>u<D @ Fx N
49<7 ?uD 7 ~ = Dxu~8| 5 FEw{ u 9 {6D8 v?D D>u<~ >9@ w 5 t~ D 5 { = t3Dxu<~L @ v?DF[w{ u 9 {?D 9 F
5 FGFEs 7 D =@ ~t3D ~{?F @q5 { @ NN
4 w{ @ v?D @q9<; D>CE~Ag~83FGD @=y5A@l5 CED ~C = D = ~ D>C @ v?DF[w{ u 9 {?D 7 ~ = D>u8FEv?~L}{ 9 { 9 8s?CGD
4 v?~L}{ 5 CEDL @ C 58 DxFF 587 6u<D =5A@ 8FGD ~{ = F$D>C}F 587 ?uD8yFG 5 {?{ 9 {?
S7 ~{ @ v?D 5 C @ vFFEs?CE| 5A D8cNN
z ~{?F @l5 { @} Dxu<~ >9@ w?v 5 FEDFEv 9 | @}7:9 8C 5A@G9 ~{s6F 9 {6 @ v?D ~CECGD x@} Dxu<~ >9@ w8
iwD>CGt~u 9<@ C 5U Dxu @G9<7 D s6C D 5 FEFG~ >95o@ D = 9@ v 5z B 5A@ v6D>CN~ D>C 5 v?~C 9
; ~{ @q5 u ~{?F @l5 { @} Dxu<~ >9@ wu 5 wDxC>iNN
v?D @ C 5U D>u @q97 D s?C D|~C 5 ~{?F @l5 { @ D>u<~ >9@ wv6~C 9; ~{ @l5 u/u 5 w8D>C 7 ~ = D>u 9 F 5
v`wD>CEt3~8u 5 }v?~FED 5 D 9 F 5A@+@ v?DN~{?D 5 w ; D>CG~og~83FGD @i@ C 5U Dxu @q97 D 8
L 4@l5Al9 {? 5 u<~{?FGs x DxFGF 9 Dv`w3DxCGt~u 5 D 5 F:D 85 CEw @ v?D Dxu<~ >9@ w 5 { =; DxCG~A
~83FGD @@ C 5U D>u @G9<7 D 9 DxF 5 F @l58l 3~LjD>C } l 5 F 5 |s?{ x@G9 ~{~8| 5 { = L
9 { =?9 {? @ v?D tD>F @ D>u~ x9@ w 7 ~ = D>u 9 F @ v?Dx{ 5N75A@E@ DxC~8|~8 @q979;>9 {6 @ v?D}F @l58l
3~LjD>C+|s?{ @q9 ~{NNN
9<99
0&
Z&
G}
L
_
>
4T QXO&/&RT
L ~ 7:7 ~{ FG~s6C D 5A@ v6D>CGF:|~C 5 u 5 wDxC ~{?F @q5 { @ Dxu<~ >9@ w 7 ~ = D>uuDx| @
4@l5Al9 {? Dxu<~ >9@ w 5 { 5 uwF 9 F |~C @ v?D>FEDN 5A@ v6D>CGFC 9 8v @ N
_L ~ 7:7 ~{NFG~s?C D 5A@ v?D>CEF|~C 5 +u 5 wDxC 7 ~ = D>u 9@ v 5i ~{?F @l5 { @/ C 58=69 D>{ @
uDx| @ R 4@q58lS9 {? Dxu<~ >9@ w 5 { 5 uwF 9 F |~8C @ v?DxFGD 5A@ v6D>CGFC 9 8v @ iN
L{?uD>FEF @ v6DCGDyD @ ~C 9 Fv6~C 9; ~{ @l5 u @ v?D 5 ? 5 CED>{ @=?9 ~{ @ v?D @G9<7 DNFGD @q9 ~{ 9 F
5 u 5 wFiuD>FEF @ v 5 { @ v6D @ CGs?D =?9 9 { @ v?DND 5 C @ v N
Ug{ 5A=?=?9@G9 ~{ @ ~ 9 { CGD 5 F 9 {6 5 ? 5 CED>{ @=?9 79 C 5A@G9 ~{ 5 u<FE~ 7 ~ DxF}D>{?DxCG8ws? =?9
_ v?D CGF @c CGDxFG{?Dxu ; ~{?D 9 F @ v?Dv?~C 9<; ~8{ @q5 u =?9 F @l5 { DFG 5 {?{?D = tSw~{6Dv 5 u| 5
5U D>u<Dx{? @ vNNN
CGD>FE{?D>u ; ~{?D ~8{?F @ CGs @q9 ~8{NN
v?D DxCG{?DxuF 9 { |~C U6L63L 5 { = L86N
F 9 {s6FG~ 9= F 587 ?u<D =5o@ u<D>FEF @ v 5 { @ v6Dj}ws 9 F @ |CED>Ss?D>{ w 9 D>FC 9 FGD @ ~iFE?s?C 9 ~s?F
3DxC 9 ~ =?9>9@q9 DxF>NNN
v?DCED 5 uju<Dx| @ 5 { =975 9 { 5 CEwC 9 v @ 5 C @ Fi~8| @ v6CGD>Du<Dx{? @ v @q9<7 DFGDxC 9 D>F>
D 58 v 5 FEFG~ >95o@ D = 9@ v 5 CG~8{?D l D>C = D>u @q5 |CGD>Ss?Dx{ wFE3D x@ CEs 7 v?DxFGD @q9<7 D
FGDxC 9 DxF 5 CGDCGD ~{?F @ CGs x@ D = |CG~ 7@ v?DFGD x@ C 5 t`w 9 { D>CGFED @i@ v?D @ ~ @ v?D
9 {?6s @ FGD @ CGs 7 9 F U 9 { @ v6D 7:9<=6= u<D H 5 { =5o@+@ v?DNt~ @G@ ~ 7 r yH
v?D CED 5 uu<D| @ 5 { =975 9 { 5 C[wC 9 8v @ 5 C @ F~8| @ v6CGD>D @G9<7 DjFED>C 9 D>F~8|u<Dx{? @ v ?
D 58 v 5 FEFG~ >95o@ D = 9@ v 5 CG~8{?D l D>C = D>u @q5 |CGD>Ss?Dx{ wFE3D x@ CEs 7 v?DxFGD @q9<7 D
FGDxC 9 DxF 5 CGDCGD ~{?F @ CGs x@ D = |CG~ 7@ v?DFGD x@ C 5 t`w 9 { D>CGFED @i@ v?D @ ~ @ v?D
9 {?6s @ FGD @ CGs 7 9 F r 9 { @ v6D 7:9<=6= u<D r H 5 { =5A@+@ v?DNt3~ @E@ ~ 7
v?D @ ~:u<D| @ 6u<~ @ FEv?~L}F 5 { 9 {?6s @W@q9<7 D+FGDxC 9 D>F ~{?F 9 F @q9 {6~A| 5 F 9 {6u<D+F 9 {Ss?FG~ 9<=
g{ @ v?D @ ~C 9 v @ jD+FGDxD @ v?D CED 5 u6 5 C @ ~8| 9@ F A~ @ D Dxu<u @ v?D}C 5 5 CG~s?{ =
5A@ {?D> 5A@q9 D|CGD>Ss?Dx{ >9 D>Fxg{ @ v?D 79=?= uDDFGv?~L @ v6DF 587 D 9 {6?s @ F 9 {s6FG~ 9=
~{ @q5879 { 5A@ D = 9@ vFE~ 7 Ds?{ 9 |~8C 7 uw =?9 F @ C 9 t?s @ D = ?FGDxs = ~C 5 { = ~ 7 {?~ 9 FGD 5 { =
9@ F} @}@ v?DNt~ @G@ ~ 7 uDx| @ 6DNFEv?~L 5 5 s6FGF 9<5 { @q97 DFED>C 9 D>F @ v 5A@ DN 9 uu
s?FGD @ ~F 7 ~~ @ v @ v?DN{?~ 9 FEw @G9<7 DFGDxC 9 DxFt`w ~{ ~u 9 {? 9@ 9@ v @ v6D / ~8| @ v?D
{?~ 9 FEwF 9 { 5 uNv?D>{jD 9 { D>CEFGD: @ ~cD @ t 58l9 { @ ~ @ v6D 1@q9<7 D> = ~ 7589 {
DND @}@ v?DNF 7 ~~ @ v?D = F 9 8{ 5 uFEv?~L}{ 9 { @ v?DNu<~LDxC+C 9 v @ N
4 v?~ @ CED ~C = 5 { =5 u<D 5 {?D = s? DxCGF 9 ~{ N
6 v?DNC 5 =?5A@l5 NNN
6 z BFG~8C @ D ==?5A@l5 NNN
U
U
_
L
8
4 spn q rs
6
6
6
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
`
8
8
`
8
4T QXO&/&RT
Bu 5 {?D 5U D 9 { x9<= Dx{ @ ~{ 5 D>C @G9<>5 u?t~s?{ =y5 CEw 9 DxFC 9 FED @ ~ 5N@ C 5 {6F 7:9@G@ D =5 { =
5 CGDx?D x@ D = 5U D}v 9< v 7 s?F @ F 5A@G9 F[| wct3~8s?{ =y5 C[w ~8{ =?9@G9 ~{6F>N
W~u<s 7 D 5 { = FEs?CE| 5A D = D {?D =9 { @ v?DNFE3D >9?U5A@G9 ~{~8| @ v?D 5U DD>Ss 5A@G9 ~{ `
CGDxD>{|s?{ x@q9 ~{}v 9< v A5 { 9 FGv?DxF ~{ 5 ?u 5 { 5 CjFEs?CE| 5A D >5 {tD U5 u s6u 5A@ D = t`w
@ v?D 7 D @ v?~ = ~8| 9<75 DxF> NN `
3~ 9 { @ F >5A@G@ D>CED>C 9 { @ v6D 5 C @ v 9 D>F}C 9 FGD @ ~ 5=?9 3C 58@q9 ~{cv`wD>CEt3~8u 5 ~{ @ v?D
@q97 DFGD @q9 ~{ 9 C v?v6~8 7:9 C 5A@q9 ~{ 5A7 ~s6{ @ F @ ~ 5 jD 9 v @ D = FEs 7 5 u~{? @ v 9 F
v`wD>CEt3~8u 5 9@ v @ v?DCGDxFGs?u @ ~ 9 {? 9 { @ ~ 5 5 C @q9 s?u 5 Cu~ >5A@q9 ~{~{ @ v6D = D> @ v
FGD x@q9 ~{NNN
v?D 9 { x9<= Dx{ @N Dxu = CGDyD @ F~8 5 t~s?{ =y5 CEw 5A@ FG~ 7 D = D> @ v v?D8D>{?DxC 9<
~t?FED>C A5A@G9 ~{~ 9 { @}9 F NN L8
D {6D @ v?DcFGs6CE| 58 D @ ~t3D @ v?Ds?{ 9 ~{~8| @ v?DCGD ~C =?9 {6FEs?CE| 5A D 5 { =5
FGs?C[| 58 DE~ 9 { 9 {6F 7 ~~ @ v?uw 9@ v jt?s @ CED D =?9 {? @ ~ 9 { { 9@ w 9 { @ v?D =69 CGD x@G9 ~{L
6 iw~ @ v?D @q9U5 u+?v 5 FGD|s?{ @q9 ~8{ @ ~y+CGD 5 u+ 5 C @ ~8| @ v?D 9 { @ DxC 5 { =
|~C
L 7:9<=6= u<DU6CED 5 u 5 C @ ~8| @ v6D 9 { @ D>8C 5 { = |~C U6 N L
6 7 D =?9 s 7 }v 9 v 9 F+ 9 D Dx 9 FGD ~{6F @l5 { @ 9@ v = D> @ v?N
6 z u 5 DxCGt~s @ F D>CGF 9 ~{~8| 5A;>=y5 6F A ?v 5 FGDFGv 9 | @5 u<~8C 9@ v 7 U
6 v?D ~{ @q9 {s6D = |C 5Ax@q9 ~{ 5 ??CE~L 975A@G9 ~{ @ ~ @ v?DFGSs 5 CEDCG~~ @=?9 FE3DxCGF 9 ~{|~C[
7 s?u 5 9 D>F 5 { 5 ?6CG~U 9<75A@ D =69 FGD>CEF 9 ~{|~C 7 s?u 5 }v6~FGD 58x s?C 58 w CEDxyD x@ D =9 {
@ v?D}F @ D>Dx3DxF @5 {?uD>F 5A@ }v 9 v: 5U DxF U5 {?CE~ 5 5A@ D 9 { CGD 5 FGDxF 9@ v @ v?D}~C = D>C
~8| @ v?D 5 ?6CG~U 9<75A@q9 ~{ NN _
6 { 5 CEt 9@ C 5 C[w{Ss 7 tD>C >5 { tD @ v6~s?v @ ~8| 5 F @ v?DcFEu<~Dc~8| 5 u 9 {6D|CG~ 7 @ v?D
~C 9 9 { v?D ~{ @G9 {Ss?D = |C 58@q9 ~{ 5 ??CG~U 9<75A@G9 ~{|~C @ v6D{Ss 7 tD>C 9 { @ v 9 F
U5 FED @ v?D~u = D>{ 7 D 5 { ~8{?F 9 F @ F~8|/u<Dx| @5 { = C 9 v @ 3~8uw~{?F+}v 9 v 5 6?CG~ 5A v
5 { 9 CEC 5A@G9 ~{ 5 u-{s 7 t3DxC 5 FEw 7 @ ~ @q9<>5 u<uw 5 { =5 C 5A@q9 ~{ 5 u{Ss 7 tD>C 5 | @ D>C 5 { 9@ D
{Ss 7 tD>C}~8|/F @ Dx?F>6NNN L
L6 4 ?v?DxC 9U5 u ~~8C =?9 { 5A@ DxF}CGD>6CGD>FED>{ @l5o@q9 ~8{~8| @ v6DN 5U D D x@ ~8C> N U
L6 DyD @q9 ~{~8| 5 ?s?uFGD|CE~ 7 5 ?u 5 { 5 C+FGs6CE| 58 D8N _A
L6 s?C D >5 {tDiFGD >9 D = D 9@ v?D>C 5 F @ v6Du~ s?FW~8| 5 uuy3~ 9 { @ FWFGs v @ v 5o@ 3
~C @ v6DDx{ D>u~D~8| 5 uu @l5 {?D>{ @ Fi 9@ vFGu~3D 5 { =9 { @ D>C D> @ _
4 spn q rs
4 9<7 ?uDiFEv?~~ @q9 {? 9 { ~u D>FFG~u 9 {? @ v?D 9 { 9@G95 u 85 u<s?Di?CG~8t?u<D 7 CGD>D 5o@ D = uw: 9@ v
=?9 3D>CED>{ @N@l58 D~8 5 {?8u<D>Fx 9@ DxC 5A@G9 D>uw ~CECGD x@q9 {? @ v?D 9 { 9@q9<5 u ~{ =69@q9 ~{?Fs6{ @G9 u
5 F 5A@G9 FE| 5Ax@ ~8CEwFE~u<s @q9 ~8{c~8| @ v?DNt3~8s?{ =y5 C[w A5 u<s6D?CG~t6u<D 79 F 58 v 9 D D =
D @ ~{F 7 D @ v?~ = |~C { =?9 {?CG~~ @ FxNN
s?u @q9 6u<DFGv?~~ @G9 {? 9 { ~u D>FFGv?~~ @G9 {? 5 {Ss 7 t3DxC~8|$C 5 wF 5 { = E~ 9 { 9 {? @ v?D 7
~{ @G9 {Ss?~s?FEuw8 NNN
_ 9 { 9@ D =?9 3D>CED>{ D 5 { =5 { 5 uw @q9 FG~8u<s @G9 ~{ @ ~ @ v?D 9 { 9@G95 uPgt~s?{ =?5 CEw A5 us?D?CE~t
u<D 7 |~C @ v?DNv?D 5A@ D>Ss 5A@G9 ~{ = D>F C 9 tD =9 { @ v?D @ D @ v?D =?9 F CGD @q9;U5A@G9 ~{c| 58@ ~C
8 v?DDxCGCE~CGF 5 CED{?Dxu 9 9 t?uD8D D> @5A@@ v?D~ 9 { @ :}v?DxCGD @ v?D
= D>C 9A5A@G9 D~A| @ v?D 9 { 9@q95 u =y5o@l59 F =?9 F ~{ @q9 {Ss?~8s?F>3N A
~
L~
_ 9 { 9@ D =?9 3D>CED>{ D 5 { =5 { 5 uw @q9 FG~8u<s @G9 ~{ @ ~ @ v?D 9 { 9@G95 uPgt~s?{ =?5 CEw A5 us?D?CE~t
u<D 7 |~C @ v?DNv?D 5A@ D>Ss 5A@G9 ~{ = D>F C 9 tD =9 { @ v?D @ D @ v?D =?9 F CGD @q9;U5A@G9 ~{c| 58@ ~C
v?DND>CECG~CEF 5 CGDNFGs6t?F @q5 { @q95 u 5 { = GC ~L 9 {6 9@ v @q97 DA+N 8
~
_ FEFGs 7:9 {? |~C @ v?DDR?u 9>9@7 D @ v6~ =5 { = |~C @ v?D 97 ?u 9<x9@ 6v?D>CED
9 F 5 6u<~ @ FGv6~_ 9 {? @ v?DC 5A@q9 ~~8| j~C tD @ jD>D>{ @ v?D @ ~ 7 D @ v?~ = F 5 F 5 |s?{
@q9 ~{~8| @ v?DN{s 7 t3DxC~A|y~ 5o@q9 {6:~ 9 { @ ~83DxC 5A@G9 ~{?F}D>C =?99= DN~{ 5 5 C @q9 s?u 5 C
~ 7 ?s @ D>Cx 9@ v 5@ w 9<>5 u A5 us?D~8|}L~C y~ 5A@G9 {?3~ 9 { @ ~D>C 5A@q9 ~{?F$D>C
=?99= D8jD >5 {FED>D @ v 5A@:@ v?D~C CED>Ss 9 CGD = |~C @ v?D @ j~ 7 D @ v?~ = F 9 F DxCEw
F 979 u 5 C{?~ @ 9@ v?F @q5 { =?9 {? @ v?D:| 58x@N@ v 5A@ jD:{?D>D =@ ~s?FGD @ Dx{ @q97 DxF 5 F 75 {`w
@q97 DF @ Dx?F 9 { @ v?DND?u 9<x9@+>5 FGDANN L
G~
G~
_~ 7589 {~A| = Dx3Dx{ = Dx{ D~8| @ v?D CGF @ ~C = DxC}vSwD>CEt3~u 9< Dxs 5A@q9 ~{ LA
_ iw~ @ v?D @q9U5 uN{?~C 75 u 9<; D = FG~8s?C D3~LjD>CFGD x@ CGs 7 v?D{Ss 7 tD>C~8|8C 9<=
3~ 9 { @ F:3DxC: 5U Dxu<D>{6 @ v 75 wt3D 7 D 5 FGs6CGD =9 { @ D>C 7 F:~8| @ v?D 5U D>uD>{? @ v 5A@
@ v?DNs?63DxCiv 5 u|3~LjD>C |CGDxSs?D>{ wNN L
k:
4T QXO&/&RT
_ U5 D>F~{ 5=69 F CGD @ DF @ C 9 {?? v?D @ j~ ~u<s 7 {?F$~8| s?CGDxF 5 CGDFE{ 5 ?FEv?~ @ F 9 {
@q97 D~8| 5U DxF?CG~8 5 5A@G9 {? 9 { 5 L 7 D =?9 s 7 v?D~{6uw =?9 DxCGDx{ Dt3D @ DxD>{
@ v?D @ ~ 9 F @ v6D 9 { 9@q9<5 u ~8{ =?9@G9 ~{6F>FGv?~L}{ 5A@@ v?D @ ~~8|-D 58 v ~us 7 { { @ v?D
C 9 v @ LD 5 CED @ CEw 9 {6 @ ~i6CG~ 5 5A@ D 5}=?9 F CED @ D = Dxu @l5 |s?{ x@q9 ~{~{6DjC 9<= ~ 9 { @-9 {
FG 5A D 5 { =@q97 DU { @ v?D+u<D| @ jD 5 CGD+?CE~ 5 5o@q9 {6 5 t 5 { = u 9<7:9@ D = D>CEF 9 ~{~A|
@ v 9 F> v?D 7 D =?9 s 79 Fv6~ 7 ~8D>{?Dx~s?FWD D> @ |~C 5 { 9 FG~u 5A@ D = CGDx?D x@G9 {?u 5 w8D>C 9 {
@ v?D 79=?= u<DA v?D =?9 FGD>CEF 9 ~8{FGDxD>{ 9 { @ v?DC 9 v @ F 9<= DF 9<7 s6u 5A@G9 ~{ 9 FDR?u 589 {?D =
t`wu<~~ S9 {6 5A@@ v?D =69 FGD>CEF 9 ~{CGDxu 5A@G9 ~{|~C =?9 F CGD @ D 7 D =?95 5U D>Fc}v?~FED
5U D>u<Dx{? @ v?F 5 CED ~ 7 5 C 5 t?uD @ ~ @ v?DC 9<= FG 58x9 {?FGDx{?FGD @ v?DC 5 {Ss?u 5 C 9@ w~A|
@ v?D 7 D =?9 s 7 NNN L8
_ v?D CGF @ ~8|+A ~ 7:7 ~{FE~s?C D 5A@ v?D>CEF @ v 5A@N ~ 7 6C 9 FED @ v?D { 5 u ~ 7 ?s @ D>C
DD>C >9 FGD8 9 s?CED~s @+@ v6D 7 ~ = D>u 5 { = ?CG~ = s D 57:9 8C 5A@ D =c9<75 DAC 9 u<u 9 {? 9 F
~ @G9 ~{ 5 u NNN L
_ v?D 7 ~ = Dxu @ v 5o@ 5 F}s?FED =@ ~?CG~ = s D @ v?D =y5A@q5 FEv?~L}{ 9 { @ v?DN?CGD 9 ~s?F 8s?CGDA[U
_Dx{ DxF~s D 9<5 F 7:9 C 5A@ D =c= D> @ vFGD @q9 ~{ N L8
_L 5 C 9 u v 5 u 9 | 5 vF 79 C 5o@ D == D> @ vFED x@G9 ~{N L8
s @ ?s @ ~A| @ v?D 9 D>u 9 {?D8}NN 8
s @ ?s @ ~A| @ v?D cFEv?D>uu?CG~8C 587 yNN A
s @ ?s @ ~A| @ v? D
FEv?D>uu?CG~8C 587 yNN
Y&
9
e9&
UC
!"$#%&('*),+.-
L
/01)3254
)3&
687:9;<=)34
1-0'
v?DD>FEFGD>{ @G95 u|D 5A@ s?CED>F}~8| 5 {D?u<~8C 5A@G9 ~{cFED 9 F 79 DD>C 97 Dx{ @$5 CGD8
> iF 9 {6 ~{ @ CE~u<uD = FG~s6C DxF~A|FED 9 F 79 D>{6D>CGAw
> guu<s 7:9 { 5o@q9 ~8{~8| 5 FGs?t?FEs?CE| 5A D @l5 CED @i5 CED 5 9@ v @ v?D = ~L}{` 5 C = ?CE~ 5 5A@q9 {? 5U D>F
> DxyD x@G9 ~{WCEDx|C 5Ax@q9 ~{ 5 { ==?9 C 58x@G9 ~{~8| @ v?DcFGD 9 F 79 5U D>F:tSwFGs?t?FEs?CE| 5A Dv?D @ D>CG~o
Dx{?D 9@q9 D>F
> D @ D @q9 ~{~A| @ v?Dt 58l F U5o@G@ DxCGD = FGD 9 F 7:9< Dx{?D>CE8w~{FED 9 F 7 ~ 7 D @ DxCGF}FG?CED 58= ~s @5 u~{? 5
u 9 {?D 5 C ~C 5 CED 5 u 5 CGC 5 w~{ @ v?D 5 C @ vF}FEs?CE| 58 D8
{u 5 { = @ v?DNFGD 9 F 7 ~ 7 D @ D>CEF 5 CGD U5 u<u<D = D>~6v?~{?DxF>jNDx{?D>C 5 u<uw @ v?Dxwcj~C tSw 7 D 5 FGs?C 9 {? @ v6D
7 ~ @q9 ~{~8| 575 {?D @ CGD>u 5A@q9 D @ ~ 5 ~ 9 u 5A@E@l58 v?D =:@ ~ @ v?D}v?~8s?F 9 {? 5 { =9<7 ?u 5 { @ D =9 { @ v6D 5 C @ v
v 9 F 7 ~ @q9 ~8{?CE~ = s D>F 5 ~u @l5 Di}v 9< v 9 F?CE~~C @G9 ~{ 5 u @ ~ @ v?D D>u~ x9@ w:~8| @ v?D 5 C @ v~F @
Dx~?v?~{6D>F 9 {s?FGD 7 D 5 FEs?CGD$Es?F @@ v?D D>C @q9U5 u ~ 7 ~{?Dx{ @ ~A| D>u<~ >9@ w ~LjD D>C> 9 { CGD 5 F 9 {6
s?FED 9 Fit3D 9 {? 75A= D~8| 7 s?u @G9< ~ 7 ~{?Dx{ @ CED D 9 D>CEF 9 {~C = DxC @ ~tD 5 t?uD @ ~ @l5A D 58=85 { @q5 D~8|
@ v6D ~ 7 ?uD @ DDxu 5 F @q9< 5L D Dxu = ~8C 75 C 9 {?D~8C v`w = CG~8?v?~{?DxF 5 CGDs?FGD = }v 9< vFGD>{6FGD @ v6D
9 {6F @l5 { @q5 {?Dx~s?F}?CGDxFGFEs?CGD 9 { @ v6DN 5A@ D>C = s?D @ ~ @ v6DFED 9 F 7:9< 5L D8
v?D:CGD D 9 DxCGF 5 CED = D>?u~LwD =9 { u<s6F @ DxCGF U5 uu<D = 8CG~s?6F> @ v?DF 9 { 5 u|CG~ 7 D 58 vCED D 9 D>C 9 { 5
CE~s? 9 FFGs 7:7 D = FG~ 5 F @ ~ 5 9 { CED 5 FED @ v6DF 9 8{ 5 u @ ~{?~ 9 FGDC 5A@q9 ~? 5 { = t 5o@G@ Dx{Ss 5A@ Dv6~C 9; ~{
@l5 u<uw?CE~ 5 5A@q9 {? 5U D>Fx {u 5 { = v?~C 9<; ~8{ @q5 u<uw`g?CE~ 5 5o@q9 {6 i5 wu<D 9 v 5U D>F 5 CED U5 uu<D =
CE~s?{ = CG~uu 5 { =5 CGDCGDx 5 C = D = tSwDR?u<~C 5A@q9 ~{ 9 F @ F 5 F 5:S9 { = ~8|{6~ 9 FED 9 { 5 F 7 s v 5 F @ v?Dxw >5 {
~t?F s?CED @ v?DcFE~s?v @ 5 | @ DxCCGDyD @q9 ~{D Dx{ @ F> v6DcCGD 5 FG~{ @ v 5o@ CGD D 9 DxC:8CG~s?FEs 7:75A@G9 ~{
5A@E@ D>{Ss 5o@ D>Fv6~C 9; ~{ @l5 u<uw?CG~ 5 5A@G9 {?F 9 8{ 5 u<F 5 { = {?~ @@ v?D D>C @G9<>5 u<uw6CG~ 5 5A@q9 {?:CGDx?D x@ D =
N@?ACBqQRSEDGFPQUOIH+SN0QO0PYQOXTRUTKJ`NLJ`0A0QO0P
D D>{ @ F 9 F @ v 5A@@ v6DC 5 w 5A@ v?F|~C @ v?D DxC @G9<U5 u<uw?CE~ 5 5A@q9 {?D D>{ @ FF @ C 9< D @ v?DCED D 9 D>CGF 5o@
D>FEFGDx{ @G95 uuw @ v6D$F 5A7 D @q9<7 D8S}v?DxCGD 5 F 9 | @ v?DCED D 9 D>CGF 9 { 5 8CG~s? 5 CGD?u 58 D = FE~ @ v 5A@@ v?D$v?~8C 9
; ~8{ @q5 u<uw:?CG~ 5 5A@G9 {? 5U D 9 F~s @ ~8|-?v 5 FED~{ @ v6D =?9 3D>CED>{ @ CED D 9 D>CGFx @ v?Dx{FGs 7:79 {? @ v?D>FED
F 9 { 5 uF 9 uu6CGDxFGs?u @W9 { U5 { Dxu<u 5o@q9 ~8{ 4 ~ 7 D @q97 DxF @ v?D}CGD D 9 DxCGF 5 CGD}t?s6C 9 D =9 { @ v?D}CE~s?{ =:9 | @ v6D
D>{ 9 CE~{ 7 D>{ @W9 F 5 C @G9< s?u 5 CEuw{?~ 9 FEw 9 {| 58x@ `t?s?CEw 9 {? @ v?D+CED D 9 D>CEF 9 F 5 u 5 wF 5 8~~ =9<= D 5 `t?s @
9@ F @ ~~DR6D>{6F 9 D 5 { =@G9<7 D ~{?FEs 7:9 {? 9 { 5 u<u/t?s @ FGD x95 u >5 FGDxF> v?D 9 { =?99<= s 5 uCGD D 9 DxC
CE~s??F 5 CED+FGDx 5 C 5o@ D = |CG~ 7 ~{?D 5 {?~ @ v6D>Ct`w =?9 F @l5 { DxF~A| 5 {SwS}v?DxCGD}|CG~ 7(5 |Dx = ~ ; Dx{ 7 D @ D>CEF
@ ~D>CEv 5 ?FL 7 D @ D>CGFx v?DDx{ @q9 CEDFGD 9 F 7:9< u 9 {?D 9 u<ut3DFED DxC 5 u S9 u~ 7 D @ DxCGF ~C 7 ~CEDu<~{?6
4 D 9 F 7:9< FE~s?C D>F ~ 7 D 9 { 5 uuFGv 5 D>F 5 { = F 9; DxF> {u 5 { =@ v6D>FGD 9 { u<s = D8?|~C}DR 5A7 ?uD8 = w{ 5
7:9@ DAjD 9 v @= CG~?Fxyu 5 CED >5 u 9 t3DxC s?{?Fx 5 { = u 5 CEDCED>F 9 F @G9 D 75 FGFED>F U5 u<u<D =9 t?C 5A@ ~CEF>6}v 9< v
5 CEDD >9@ D = 9@ v 5 v 9 CGc~C F[Dx @i ~{ @G9 {Ss?~s?F1 5U DF 9 8{ 5 u ~C 75 C 9 {?D$FEs?C DxwF> 9 t?C 5A@ ~8CGF>
589 Cs6{?F>Dxu<D @ C 9< FE 5 C D>CEF> 5 { = ~{ {?D = ?CE~ 5 {?DRg~UwD>{DR66u<~F 9 ~{?F 5 CGD @ v?D 7 ~F @ ~ 7
7 ~{FE~s?C D>Fx v?D 587 ~s?{ @ ~8| = w{ 5A79@ Dis?FGD =U5 {C 5 {?8Di|CE~ 75 |DC 587 FW|~CW{?D 5 C1gFEs?CE| 58 D
v 9 vgCED>FE~u<s @G9 ~{F @ s =?9 D>Fx @ ~ @ Dx{?F$~A| S9 u~C 5A7 F+~C 7 ~CGDA v?D 5A7 ~s6{ @ s?FED == Dx3Dx{ = F~8{ @ v6D
@ w3D~8|CE~ l9 { ~u D =5 { =@ v?D = Dx @ v~8| @ v6D @l5 CED @ ?u<~F 9 D v 5 CG8D>FNCGDxs 9 CGDFE~ 7 DFG~C @
~8|v?~u<D @ ~tD = C 9 uu<D =@ ~ ~{ @l5A9 { @ v?D:t?u 5 F @ v?D>FEDv?~8u<D>F 5 CED:~A| @ D>{ u<uD = 9@ vv6D 5U w 7 s =
9 {c~8C = DxC @ ~v?Dxu<?CG~_ED x@+@ v?DD>{6D>CGAwc~8| @ v?DNt?u 5 F @ = ~L}{S 5 C = D 9 v @+= CE~?F 9 { ~u D 5@ CGs l
9@ v 5c C 5 {?D8|CE~ 7 }v 9< v @ v?DjD 9 v @N9 F = CG~?D = FED DxC 5 u 7 D @ D>CGFx v 9 F?CE~ D = s?CED U5 {tD
CGDx3D 5A@ D = Ss 9l uw 475 uu = w{ 5879@ Dt?u 5 F @ F: >5 ?Fl 5 { = u 5 CG8D U5 u 9 tD>Cs?{?F~ 9 { @ D == ~L}N{ M
5 CED+3~6s?u 5 CFG~s?C DxF|~C D>C[wv 9 8vgCED>FG~8u<s @G9 ~{{?D 5 C1gFEs?CE| 58 D}F @ s =?9 DxF>jw U5 CEDx|s?u?F @l58lS9 {? 5 { =
F 9 { 5 u?CG~ DxFGF 9 {?? @ v?D =y5A@q5 CGD ~C = D = t`w 59 t?C 5A@q9 {?FG~8s?C D U5 {tD 758= D @ ~u~~ D>CEw 7 s v
u 9 D @ v 5o@ ~8| 5 { 9<7 ?s?u<F 9 DFE~s?C D8 9 t?C 5A@ ~8CGF 5 u<FG~ ~ 7 D 9 { 5 uuWFGv 5 D>F 5 { = F 9; DxF>|CG~ 7 8
@ ~8{ @ CGs l F}v 9< v >5 {D>{?DxC 5A@ Dt~ @ v ~ 7 6CGD>FEF 9 ~{ 5 u 5 { = FGv6D 5 CiD>{?DxCG8w8 @ ~:v 9 v6uw~C @l5 t?uD8
v 5 { = gv?Dxu == D 9 D>FxDx{?D>C 5A@q9 {?:CG~s?8v?uw @ v?D3~LjD>Ci~8| 5 v 9 u~s = FE3D 58 DxC> 4 5 C D>CGFx}v 9< v
CGDxuwc~8{Dxu<D @ C 9<N=?9 F v 5 CED>Fx 5 CGDNs?FGD = |~C}{?D 5 C[FGs?C[| 58 DFGs6C DwF ~8{ = s @ D = t3D|~CGDNF 9@q9 {?~8
FGv6~CGDN~ 9 u?u 5A@ |~C 7 Fx 9 CGs6{?F+s?FGD ~ 7 6CGD>FEFGD =589 C|CG~ 7@ v?DNFEv 9 @ ~Dx{?D>C 5A@ DN?s6u<FGDxF}F 9<7:9 u 5 C
@ ~ @ v 5A@ ~8| 5 {D?u<~8F 9 ~8{ H
v?D @q97 DRgFED>C 9 D>Fx~CFGD 9 F 7 ~C 587 CGD ~C = D = tSwD 58 vCGD D 9 DxCCE~s? 9 F >5 u<uD =5c@ C 58 DA v?D
FGD @ ~8| @ C 58 DxF+CGD ~C = D = t`w 5 uu @ v?DCGD D 9 DxCGF+|~C 5 9 D>{FG~s6C D 9 F >5 u<uD =c5
v?D>CED 5 CGD @ v6CGD>D}~ @ v?D>CF @l5 { =y5 C = 5 wF~8|3~CG 5 { 9<;x9 {? @ C 58 D>F 9 { @ ~N 5A@ v6D>CGFxD ~s?u =
u<~~ 5o@5 u<u @ v6D @ C 58 D>FCED ~C = D = t`w 5 9 D>{CGD D 9 DxCCE~s?|~C 5 u<u @ v?D$FE~s?C D>Fx v 9 F 9 F U5 uu<D =
5
SD ~s?u = u~~ 5A@5 u<u @ v?D @ C 58 D>F}v?~FGDFG~s6C DRgCED D 9 D>C
=?9 F @l5 { D 9 F 5 D =A5 u<s?D >5 u<uD =@ v?Di~83FGD @ v 9 F U5 uu<D =
S 9 { 5 u<uw
jD ~s?u = u~~ 5A@i5 u<u @ v?D @ C 58 DxF+}v?~FGDFG~8s?C DgCED D 9 D>C 79= ~ 9 { @j9 F 5 D =A5 u<s?DA v 9 F 9 F 5
S
9 s?CGDN 9 u<us?F @ C 5A@ D>F @ v6D>FGD ~~C =69 { 5A@ DF[wF @ D 7 F|~C 5N@ j~A =69<7 D>{?F 9 ~{ 5 u = 75 C 9 {?D}FGs?C Dxw8
@ F >5 u<uD = = F 9 { D @ v?D~ 5 u 9 F @ ~ 9<75 D 5 D>C @q9<>5 u`?u 5 {?D @ v?CG~s6v @ v?DWD 5 C @ voD Dx{ @ v6~s?v @ v6D
=y5A@q5 DxCGDCGD ~C = D =5 u<~{6 5 u 9 {?DA v6DFE~s?C DCGD D 9 D>C ~~C =?9 { 5o@ D>F 5 { = 5 CED ~{?{6D x@ D =
%33>% "
%33L% "
%33>% "
%33>% "
3>?'F`% "$
89 $]\
%Cv1# $
89 $]\
1#%)+
HG|HG|
pI}qr
~ roqp
mZr@
Ur
H
tC
e
ffs
f-O
al
e
at
in
rd
oo
h
o
o o
o o o
o o o o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o o o o
o o o
o o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
at
in
oo
rd
o o o o
o o o
o o
o
tC
o
o
o
o
in
o
o
o
o
po
o
o
o
o
id
o
o
o
o
o o o o o o o o o
o
o o
o o o
o o o o
Shot Coordinate s
Receiver Coordinate r
* * * * * *
receivers
*
shot
9 s?CGD$8 D>u 5A@q9 ~{?FGv 9 587 ~{? @ v?D ~~C =69 { 5A@ D>F 5 { = - 58 v 9 { =?9<>5A@ DxF 5 FGD 9 F 7:9<
@ C 58 DA
0 0
N@?ACBqQRSEDGFPQUOIH+SN0QO0PYQOXTRUTKJ`NLJ`0A0QO0P
Common Midpoint
M
D
Depth point
9 s?CGD: z ~ 7:7 ~{ 79= 3~ 9 { @ C 5 w 5A@ v?F$s?{ = DxC @ v?CED>DR|~u = ~ D>C 5 D8 4 ~s6C DxF 5 CGD~{ @ v6D
u<D| @i5 { = CGD D 9 DxCGF 5 CGD~{ @ v6DC 9 v @
S1
S2
R1
R2
R3
R4
R5
R6
Group Interval
9 s?CGD6g{ @ v 9 FD 587 ?u<D @ v?DFGv?~ @ FG 5A>9 {6 9 Fv 5 u| @ v?DCG~8s? 9 { @ D>C A5 u @ v?D =69 F @q5 { D
tD @ jD>D>{CGD D 9 DxCGF+~{ 5 9 D>{u 9 {?DU vSs?F @ v?D z BFG 58x9 {? 9 F v 5 u| @ v?DCE~s? 9 { @ D>C 85 u @ ~~?
@ ~ @ v?DN~8FED @ 7:9<= ~ 9 { @ ~~C =?9 { 5A@ D>F 5 { = 9<55 ACG~ @q5A@q9 ~{
_
o
18_
2Z,
~C @ v?D 7 ~8F @ 5 C @9 { @ v 9 F ~s?CEFGD+D+ 9 u<u6tD =?9 F s6FGF 9 {?N3~8F @ F @q58l ~8C ; D>CE~Ag~AFED @ 7:9 8C 5A@G9 ~{
7 D @ v6~ = Fx 9 {}v 9 v >5 FGD @ v?D ~ 77 ~{ 7:9<= ~ 9 { @= ~ 7589 { z B 9 FD>{6D>C 5 u<uws?FGD = v?D+|~u =
~8| 5z B 5A@ v?D>C 9 F @ v?D{Ss 7 tD>Cc~8|FG~s?C D CGD D 9 DxC 5A9 CGF|~8CcD 58 v 79= 3~ 9 { @ v 9 F 9 F
9 uu<s?F @ C 5A@ D =9 { 9 s?CEDc}v 9< vFGv?~L}F @ v?CED>D|~u = ~ D>C 5 DAg{ @ v 9 FDR 587 6u<D @ v6D =69 F @q5 { D
tD @ jD>D>{FG~s?C DxF 9 F}v 5 u| @ v?D =?9 F @l5 { Dt3D @ DxD>{CED D 9 D>CGF 9 s?CED v6D>CGD|~CGD @ v6D z B
FG 58>9 {? 9 uutDDxs 5 u @ ~ @ v?DFEv?~ @ FE 58>9 {? 5 { = v 5 u| @ v?DcCGD D 9 DxCFG 5A>9 {6 {?~L}{ 5 F @ v6D
CE~s? 9 { @ DxC A5 u Rg{ /9 s?CED @ v?DFG~s?C D CGD D 9 DxCC 5 w 5A@ v?F H $ 5 { = r c5 CED
5 FEFG~ >95o@ D = 9@ v @ v?DNF 5A7 D z Bu~ >5A@q9 ~{ 5A@ r
HG| rK|
}
9
rSosaK om
9 s?CGD? s6wDx{?F>BC 9 { >9 ?u<DA D D>C[w3~ 9 { @ ~8{ 5 5U D|CG~{ @>5 {tD ~{?F 9<= DxCGD =5 F 5
GF D ~{ =y5 CEwFE~s?C DN~8|FG?v6D>C 9U5 u 5U Dxu<D @ F> DxCGD @ v?D6u 5 {?D 5U D 7 ~ D>F 5=?9 F @l5 { D j9 { @ v6D
@q97 D 9 { CGD 7 Dx{ @ $ @ F{?D~F 9@q9 ~{ 9 F|~s6{ = t`w = C 5 9 {? 5 u 9 {?D @ v6CG~s?8v @ v?DDx{ D>u~D~8|
5 uu~8| @ v?DNFG6v?D>C 9<U5 u 5U Dxu<D @ F>
:
0&
&
-2L%<=)3-&L)39,
sw8D>{?Fx?C 9 { >9 ?u<DA @ v 5A@ D D>CEw3~ 9 { @ ~8{ 5 5U Dx|CE~{ @ ?CE~ 5 5A@q9 {? 9 { 5 { 9 FG~ @ CG~8 9<7 D =?9 s 7
U5 {t3D ~{?F 9<= DxCGD =5 FGD ~{ =y5 CEwFG~s6C D$~8|-FG?v6D>C 9U5 u 5L D>uD @ Fx 5 u<u~L}Fjs?F @ ~CED = s D?CE~t?u<D 7 F
~8| 5U D?CE~ 5 5o@q9 ~8{ 5 { == Dg6CG~ 5 5A@q9 ~{ 7:9 C 5A@q9 ~{ @ ~ @ v?D ~{?F 9= D>C 5A@q9 ~{~8|6~ 9 { @ FE~s?C D>Fx
9 s?CGDNFEv?~L}F sw8D>{?Fx ~{?F @ CGs @q9 ~{|~C 5 6u 5 {?D} 5L D?CE~ 5 5o@q9 {6 @ ~ @ v?D$s?63DxCC 9 v @
58 vFED ~{ =y5 C[wFG?v6D>C 9U5 u 5U Dxu<D @ F 5A@q9 F DxF @ v?DND>Ss 5A@G9 ~{
r R r r r r
1_
}v?DxCGD
9 F @ v?Dc~C 9 9 {~8| @ v?DcFE?v?DxC 9<>5 u 5U D>uD @5 { = 9 F 9@ F 9 { 9@q95o@q9 ~8{ @G9<7 D8|
@ v6D 7 D =?9 s 7 9 Fjv?~ 7 ~8D>{?Dx~s?F>SjD >5 {s?FED$FE?v?D>C 9<>5 uy 5U Dxu<D @ F ~8| { 9@ DiC 58=?9 s?F>S~ @ v?D>C[ 9 FED @ v6D
~8{?F @ CGs @q9 ~8{ 7 s6F @ ?CE~ D>D =9 { 9 { { 9@ D>F 9<75 u3F @ Dx?F>
|jD ~s?u =c9 DxFE{ 5 ?FEv?~ @ F~8| @ v?D 5 C @ vFFEs?t?FEs?CE| 58 D 5 | @ D>C 5 3~ 9 { @ FG~s6C DNjD>CGD 9 { 9@q9<5A@ D =
jD$~8s?u = FGD>D 5 {DR6 5 { =?9 {?FG6v?D>C 9<U5 u 5U D>uD @ Es?F @ 5 Fj}v?Dx{ 5 F @ ~{?D 9 F @ v?CE~L}{ 9 { @ ~ 5 ~{ =
4 ~NSs 5A@G9 ~{1_ = D {?D>F 5 | 587:9 uwN~8| >9 C u<D>F 9 { FG 58 D 9<75 DFG 58 DLRWs @@ v 5A@ F{?~ @
v?~LjD 58@ s 5 u<uwFGDxD @ v6DFED 9 F 79 CGDxFG~{?FGD~8| 5 3~ 9 { @ FG~s6C DADiCGD ~C ==y5o@l5 |~8C 5 C 5 {?D}~8|
@q97 DxF 5A@ 5 D == Dx @ vc~F 9@q9 ~{ s6FGs 5 uuw `| 9 F D = ys 5A@q9 ~{[ _ = D {?DxF 5
| 587:9 uw~8|vSwD>CEt3~u 5 D 9 {
FE 58 D =y5o@l5 FE 58 DL 4 ~NEs?F @5 F @ v6DFE?v?D>C 9<>5 u 5U Dxu<D @9 F @ v6D
|s?{ =?587 Dx{ @l5 u-s?{ 9@ ~8s @ ~A|}v 9< v 5 u<u-~ @ v?D>C} 5L D?CE~ 5 5o@q9 ~8{?v6D>{?~ 7 D>{ 5U5 {t3Dt?s 9 u @ 9<5
:
9
9
AJ
N@?ACBqQRSEDGFPQUOIH+SN0QO0PYQOXTRUTKJ`NLJ`0A0QO0P
sw8D>{?Fx?C 9 { x9 ?uDLR`FG~ @ v?Div`wD>CEt3~8u 5N9 F @ v?D+|s?{ =y587 D>{ @l5 uy|D 5A@ s?CED}~8|CEDxyD x@q9 ~{:FGD 9 F 7 ~u<~88w
9 { @ DxC 7 F~8|}v 9< v 5 u<uW~ @ v6D>CCGDx?D x@G9 ~{ A=?9 3C 5Ax@q9 ~{D Dx{ @ FCGD ~C = D =5A@@ v?DFEs?CE| 58 D >5 {tD
9 { @ D>CG6CGD @ D =
~$tDj?CED x9 FGDA8}v 5A@ jD CGD 5 u<uw{?DxD =9 F 5 D>{?DxC 5 u 9<;>5A@q9 ~{N~8| is6wD>{?Fx8?C 9 { x9 ?uD = s?D @ ~ CED>FG{6D>u
}v?~ ~ 7 t 9 {?D =@ v?D 5U D>u<D @ ~{6F @ CEs x@G9 ~{ 9@ v @ v?D~s?{6?F6C 9 { >9 6u<D:~8| 9 { @ DxCE|D>CED>{ D8g{
~ @ v?D>C j~C = F> @ v6DDR 5 { =?9 {?FG?v6D>C 9U5 u3 5U Dxu<D @ F 5 CGD 5 uu<~LjD =@ ~ 9 { @ D>C[|D>CGD 9@ v~{?D 5 {?~ @ v6D>C>
s?C @ v?D>Cxw8~s 9 uu{?~ @G9< D 9 { 9 s?CGD @ v 5A@@ v?DFG?v?DxC 9U5 u 5U Dxu<D @ Fv 5L D @ j~D>{ Dxu<~D>Fx
~{?D?CG~8 5 5A@G9 {? 9 { @ v?DF 587 D =?9 CGD @q9 ~{ 5 F @ v?D$~C 9 9 { 5 uy?u 5 {6Di 5U D 5 { = ~8{?D$?CE~ 5 5A@q9 {? 9 {
@ v6D~63~F 9@ D =69 CGD x@G9 ~{D~{?uw 5 { @$@ v6D CEF @ ~{?D~8| @ v?D>FED8 CGDxFG{?Dxu/FE~u D =@ v 9 Fi6CG~t?uD 7
t`w 9 { @ CG~ = s x9 {? 5 { 5 {?uD = D>D>{ = Dx{ @ F >5 u 9 {?| 58@ ~C >5 u<uD =@ v?D ~8t?u 9 s 9@ w| 58@ ~CxD 9 u<u
FGDxDu 5A@ DxC}}v6D>{jD =?9 F s6FGF 9 { @ D>8C 5 u 7 D @ v6~ = Fi~8| 79 C 5A@G9 ~{cv6~_ @ v 9 Fi~t?u 9 Ss 9@ w| 58@ ~C 5 C 9 FGDxF
5 s @ ~ 75A@q9U5 uuw
CGDxFG{?DxuN 5 F @ v?D CGF @ D>CEFG~{ @ ~FG~u D?CG~8t?u<D 7 F~8| =?9 3C 58@q9 ~{}v 9< v 9 F 5 {`w = D 95o@q9 ~8{
|CG~ 7 CGD @q9 u 9 {6D 5 C}?CE~ 5 5o@q9 ~8{~ @ v?DxC @ v 5 { @ v 5A@= s?D @ ~CEDxyD x@q9 ~{ 5 { = CGD|C 58@q9 ~{ r CGDxFG{?DxuF
?CED =?9x@q9 ~{ @ v 5A@@ v?DxCGDFGv?~s6u = tD 5 t?C 9 v @ FE3~ @9 { @ v6DDx~ 7 D @ C 9<U5 uFGv 58= ~_~A| 5=?9 F 5 F
575 E~Ct?u~L @ ~ @ v?D ~CG?s6F s6u 5 C @ v?D>~C[w~8|ju 9 v @ Ng{| 58x@ @ v 9 FFGs6CG?C 9 F 9 {?c?CED =?9x@q9 ~{ 5 F
CGDx 5 C = D =5 F 5 CGD|s @l5o@q9 ~8{ ~8|$v 9 F 7 D 7 ~ 9 CtSw CGDx{ v U58= D 7:9<>9<5 {B/~ 9 FGFE~{ ~C @ s?{ 5o@ D>uw
5 {?~ @ v?DxC 7 D 7 t3DxC~8| @ v6D ~ 7:7:9@G@ D>DCGD 9 Dx 9 {6 @ v?Dj~C C 5 ~? 58@ s 5 u<uwD>CE|~8C 7 D =@ v6D
DD>C 9<7 D>{ @5 { =c9 { =?9U5A@ D = CGD>FE{?D>u @
:
C:
y
;<*+W2$' '5
4 ~ 9@ v @ v?D sw8D>{?F1 CGDxFG{?Dxuy?C 9 { >9 ?u<D 9 {v 5 { = jD U5 { @ v 9 { ~A| 5 {SwCGDyD @q9 ~{D D>{ @j5 F @ v6D
FGs 775A@q9 ~{~A| @ v?D Dx3D @ FW~8| 5 ~uu<D x@q9 ~{~A|3~ 9 { @ F U5o@G@ DxCGDxCGF =?9 F @ C 9 t?s @ D =5 u~{? @ v?D+CGDyD @q9 {?
FGs6CE| 58 D8i 58 v~{?D~8| @ v?DxFGD~ 9 { @ F >5A@G@ D>CED>CGF 9 FiCGDxFG~{?F 9 t?u<DN|~C 5=69 3C 58@q9 ~8{v`wD>CGt~u 5 +g{
~C = D>C @ ~tD 5 t?u<D @ ~ 75A D 5 9<@ s?CED~8| @ v?DCGDx?D x@ ~C>/}v 9< v 9 F @ v?D8~ 5 uW~8| 7:9 C 5A@q9 ~{jD
{?DxD =@ ~t3D 5 t6u<D @ ~ ~u<u 5 ?FED @ v?DxFGD =?9 3C 5Ax@q9 ~{v`w3DxCGt~u 5 Dct 58l@ ~ @ v6D 9 C3~ 9 { @ F~8|~C 9 9 {
~{ @ v?DCGDyD @ ~Cx v?DxCGD 9 F}~{?D >9 C s 7 F @l5 { D 9 {c}v 9 v @ v 9 F}?CG~ D = s?CED 9 FiDxFGD x95 uuwD 5 FEw @ ~
9 FEs 5 u 9; DA ; D>CG~og~83FGD @ FED 9 F 7 ~8C 587 FCGD ~C = D =9 { 5 ~{?F @l5 { @ D>u~ x9@ wD 5 C @ v 75 9 {6D @ v 5A@ jD
U5 {?u 58 D 5 FED 9 F 79 FG~s6C D 5 { = CED D 9 D>CC 9 8v @ {?D @@ ~N~{?D 5 {?~ @ v?DxC>SFG~ u~FGD 9 {| 5Ax@W@ v?Dw 5 CED
Dx3D @q9 D>uw 5A@+@ v?DNF 587 DNu<~ U5A@G9 ~{ 9@ v @ v 9 F 5 CGC 5 {?D 7 D>{ @ jD >5 {CGD ~C =@ v6DFED 9 F 7:9< D v6~F
|CG~ 7@ v?DF 587 D~ 9 { @ }v?D>{ D @ v?Dwc~C 9 9 { 5A@ D = + ~tD?CGD >9 FGD8 9 |jDF @l5 C @ CGD ~C =?9 {6 5A@ @ v6D
F 5A7 D @q9<7 D @ v 5o@$@ v6DFG~8s?C D~D>F$~AjD 9 u<uCGD ~C =@ v?D =?9 CED @5 CEC 985 u- 5U DA 5 { = {6~ = ~s?t @
:
HG| |
rt nC o rS rmpn
~nCr
V1
V2
9 s?CGD 497 ?uD 7 ~ = D>u~8| 5 FEw{ u 9 {?DA v?D D>u~ x9@ w 5 t~ D 5 { = t3Dxu<~L @ v6DFEw{ u 9 {?D 9 F
5 FEFGs 7 D =@ ~:t3D ~{?F @l5 { @
FGv 58 Ds? @ v?DcCGD D 9 DxC?CGD @G@ w @ v?~CE~s?v?uw @ ~~6 v?D>CEDx|~CED 9 {?C 58x@G9< DD 7 s6F @7 s @ D @ v6D
=?9 CGD @+5 CEC 985 uSD 9@ v?DxC @ v 5o@ ~C 589@ s?{ @G9 uSEs6F @+5 | @ D>C @ v 9 {?Fv 5L DFGD @G@ uD =c= ~L}{ @ ~ @ s?CE{c~{ @ v6D
CGD D 9 DxC> v?D>{jD+ 9<l s?~8s?C 5 ? 5 C 5A@ s?F 5 { =7 ~ D = ~L}{ @ v?D FEs?C Dxwu 9 {?D 5 t 9@5 { = CGD>D 5o@
@ v6D?CG~ D = s?CED8 v 9 F 9 F U5 uu<D =; DxCG~~83FGD @ DD>C 9<7 D>{ @ g{c?C 58x@G9< DjD U5 { 5 ??CG~U 9<75A@ D @ v6D
; DxCG~A~83FGD @ FED x@G9 ~{t`wcFGDxu<D x@q9 {? @ v?D ~ 77 ~{~83FGD @ FGD @q9 ~{v 5L9 {? @ v?D 7:9 { 97 s 7 ~8FED @
9 s?CGD FGv6~_}F 57 ~ = D>uW~8| 5 8D>~u~ 9< FEw{ u 9 {?D8 v6D Dxu<~ >9@ w 9 F 5 FGFEs 7 D =@ ~v 5U D @ v6D
~8{?F @q5 { @A5 u<s6D H 9 { @ v?Du 5 wDxC 5 t~ D @ v?DFEw{ u 9 {?DA 5 { =5=?9 DxCGDx{ @A5 u<s?D r 9 { @ v?Du 5 wDxC
tD>u<~LN v 9 F+Es 7 9 { @ v?D D>u~ x9@ w 9 D>FC 9 FGD @ ~ 5 CGDyD @q9 ~8{ ~D >9 D>{ @ }v 9< v >5 s?FGDxF @ v6D
= ~L}{?~ 9 {??s?uFGD @ ~:tD 5 C @q9<5 u<uwCGDx?D x@ D = t 58l@ ~ @ v?DFGs6CE| 58 DN}v6D>CGD 9@ 9 F CED ~8C = D = ~{ @ v6D
Dx~?v?~{6D8
9 s?CGD: 9 F 5 ~ 7 ?s @ D>CD>{6D>C 5o@ D =; D>CE~Ag~83FGD @ FED x@G9 ~{ ~u<uD @ D = ~ D>C @ v 9 F 7 ~ = Dxui~ @G9< D
@ v 5A@/@ v?D @ C 5U Dxu @G9<7 D s?C D t3D ~ 7 D>F 7 s?u @q9 A5 u<s?D =5 F @ v?DFE~s?C D CGD D 9 DxC ~ 7 t 9 { 5A@q9 ~{ 7 ~ DxF
~ DxC @ v?DFEw{ u 9 {?DA v 5A@ F$t3D U5 s?FED @ v?DxCGD 9 F 7 ~CED @ v 5 {~{?D ; D>CE~Ag~AFED @ C 5 w 5 CEC 99 {? 5o@$@ v6D
CGD D 9 DxC 9 { @ v?D @q97 D 9 { = ~_ jDv 5U DcCGD ~C = D =
C
z
B%/%,13)+ \
K8)F&
]
687:9,+),-
B26K8)+&
21
$ %3> 9
fLC1G`%1414B
!"$#%&('5+.<
+
N@?ACBqQRSEDGFPQUOIH+SN0QO0PYQOXTRUTKJ`NLJ`0A0QO0P
Distance (km)
3
4
Time (sec)
Synthetic Data
9 s?CGD8 4 w{ @ v?D @q9; D>CG~og~83FGD @$=y5o@l5 CGD ~C = D = ~ D>C @ v?DFEw{ u 9 {6D 7 ~ = D>uFEv?~L}{ 9 { 9 s?CGD
4 v?~L}{ 5 CGDL @ C 58 D>FF 587 6u<D =5o@ AFGD ~{ = F:D>CF 5A7 ?uD8FE 5 {?{ 9 {? S7 ~{ @ 6v D
5 C @ vFiFEs?CE| 5A D8
GH | |
5 u~{? @ v?D+FEw{ u 9 {6D 5 { = CED =@ v?D 7 ~8 5A@ i 9@ v 5 F @ CGD>{6 @ v?CE~3~8C @q9 ~{ 5 u @ ~ @ v?D+CGDyD @q9 ~{
~D x9 D>{ @ 5A@j@ v?DiFEw{ u 9 {?DAWs 9A5 u<Dx{ @ uwD ~s?u =: CED$~8 @ v?DDR?u<~ =?9 {6CEDxyD x@ ~8CGF 5A@
5 { = v 5 u D @ v?D D>u~ x9@ w8
v 9 F 7 D 5 {?F @ v 5o@9 |$DFE~ 7 D>v?~L CGs?{ @ v?D ; D>CE~Ag~83FGD @ 5U D D>u = CED ~8C = D =5A@@ v?DFEs?CE| 58 D
z
16_
v?Dx{jDs?FED @ v 9 F 7:9 C 5A@ D =@q97 DC 5A@ v?DxC @ v 5 { = Dx @ v|~C @ v?D~s @ ?s @i9<75 DA @ v6D 7:9 8C 5A@G9 ~{
9 F U5 u<u<D =:@G9<7 D 79 C 5A@G9 ~{/ 9<= D>{ @ uw @G9<7 D 79 C 5A@G9 ~{ 9 u<uytD 5 CGD 5 FG~{ 5 t?u<D v?~ 9 D$~8{?uw 9 | @ v6D
Dxu<~ >9@ wFGv?~L}F{6~F 9 { 9yU5 { @ u 5A@ DxC 5 uo~8C 3 85 C 95o@q9 ~8{ +9<7 D 79 C 5A@G9 ~{v 5 F @ v?D 58=6A5 { @l5 8D
@ v 5A@@ v?D 7:9 C 5A@ D = FED @q9 ~8{ 9 F?u<~ @G@ D =9 { @ v?DF 587 D$s6{ 9@ F 5 F @ v?D 9 {?6s @ FED 9 F 79 FED @q9 ~8{ 9@ v 5 F
@ v6D =?9 F 58=6A5 { @l5 8Dc~8|$tD 9 {?u<DxFGF 58x s?C 5A@ D @ v 5 { = D> @ v 79 C 5o@q9 ~8{ v?D 7 ~CED @ v6D D>u~ x9@ w
A5 C 9 D>F+u 5A@ DxC 5 uuw @ v6DuD>FEF 5A> s6C 5A@ D @G9<7 D 79 C 5o@q9 ~8{ 9 uutD8
~.
)3-)a'5
2k'
?v DDR66u<~ =?9 {?CGDx?D x@ ~C 5 { 5 u<~Aw 9 F 5 ~LDxCE|s?u~8{?D8Wi{6|~C @ s?{ 5A@ D>uw 9@ ~{?uw 5 ??u 9 D>F @ ~ ; D>CG~o
~83FGD @=y5o@l5 5 { =@ w 9<>5 u<uwD?u~C 5o@q9 ~8{:FED 9 F 7:9< FGs6C DwF 9 { ~8u D S9 u~ 7 D @ DxCGF~8|~8FED @ t3D @ DxD>{
D 5A vFE~s?C D 5 { =@ v?D$| 5 C @ v?DxF @ CED D 9 D>CEF> s6C @ v6D>C> @ v?DxCGD 5 CEDD D>{ @ CEs?D ; DxCG~A~83FGD @ F 9@ s 5A@G9 ~{?F
}v?DxCGD @ v?DDR66u<~ =?9 {?CGDyD @ ~C ~{ D> @ | 589 uF>FGs v 5 F 9 { @ v?D?CGDxFGD>{ Dc~8|+F @ CE~{?uD>{?FED>F~8C
}v?Dx{C 5 wF 5 CGD 7 s6u @q9 ?uw:CEDxyD x@ D =
9 |DWD @ F 7 ~CED ~ 7 ?u 9U5A@ D = }v?Dx{ @ v?DxCGD 9 F-~83FGD @ tD @ jD>D>{ @ v?DFE~s?C D>F 5 { = CGD D 9 D>CEF>g{6F @ D 58=
~8| @ v?D>CEDtD 9 {? 5 F 9 {6u<D @ j~A 5 w @ C 5U Dxu @G9<7 DN|~8CD 58 vFG~8s?C D83jDv 5L D 5:@ C 5U Dxu @G9<7 D s?C D
5 F 5 |s?{ @q9 ~8{~8|~AFED @ /9 s?CED8 FGv?~L}F 5z B 5o@ v?DxC 5 FEFG~ >95o@ D = 9@ v FG~8s?C D CED D 9 D>C
589 CGFx v6D = ~ @G@ D = s?C D 9 F @ v?Dv`wD>CGt~u 9<@ C 5U Dxu @q9<7 D D>CEFGs?FN~83FGD @N s?C D|~C 5 ~{?F @q5 { @
Dxu<~ >9@ wu 5 w8D>C>
N@?ACBqQRSEDGFPQUOIH+SN0QO0PYQOXTRUTKJ`NLJ`0A0QO0P
Midpoint (km)
3
4
CnumtXC]yLU
n .s@KCK C
KK LU
! #" $ %
S3
S2
S1
R -3
R -2
&
CKk
U sK3,CK .
CnsL, ,U
-1
S -1
S -2
S -3
R2
CnLKn {@K('*)
,+.-@
U5U
K/,s10
XTR T
t/2
t /2
0
U {
n/ A 5E
l v
B)
/ A 5E 4
' ) / E
C
(0 o
>)
& (
'
J'% o 0s%
%
(
'
?
)
o
5
t) 5oa0
$
)
ZA 5
('
s '
5 &
bA o*
v) &' I ,+.-dK o &'%
$'
q
p
&
\
/ A 5E
Cn ,J
0 FX) GoCJ) @ :K76 s
;{ ,v)XUK K/,y@10= U) C&' ,nK&@s
U 5
% 9% ,K
K
n X Kss $ ,%
l
CnKs@K(' %
K !
*l .n u5 $ ,% Ks nCnC,
U 0 ,5% 0 0KJC
6 K,$' k ,%{w 7p @u 0CZA3)X
,/ UKiA 5
E KUKs3UK&.
sss ,$ nC . k n
ua {Cn C
n t @K
s ,UK i jnUsK @
,C @ X @
U,n G Ka s@K s KU .
@s C ,,n: jnU3.C] U ns C sK U KUKC s%nC @
nS ., K =sCK
C EK C C K0
KsU@s
ns C Ct
C
, UUsLK1@KK,@K , _ s C X K, 1C KKU X,
C K s .@K a,K, $ Ln,nC KC n G]y
.s@Kun,nC K@K(K as .,
K
nK C t U, KU
,K . .
]y C C
0
t
K t @K K ,UK i KUKs
ns o
) ,U ., U/ ,KGA 5E Ka.Ks3U(s&. I ( C @ ,snC'
ny@ P
5$(k
Offset x = 2h
High
Medium
Low
@ `
'
Two-way
time t
k $ %
o ) B I Pa HN] K h
B
5 /
s)
5 P ' HN]
o @) ,
'/ A 5E
'
%
CK
y Cu C K UKK
U {@1 Xk@ k
U U,K G Ka
sK3,s . ,:ny
,
@ C s
C
:
, n
U . CUN ,
@nsU( s ,
]y
XU C Kj
P I k8 ) Kd,UsJ-*'CK ,KVJ'C)X
'CC@&)' @v:'C K KXd,/U, n AG 5 E@Ka=' ss 3 o, s P () _)X , )X
&'4 U n( ]y t o
9'
'C U'CU 5]y o C., ts@s
% C]sK@s =n ns o C0, C K ) K EZp
5 uXCn&'CU
n .
' ,) 5 KJ
=
' 5_X K&U/ y0 n&U/ yW ,n, CKQ @)@
5. nC u
UK kK . $C' ,Kn. C C]y1, 5 o@K 'j
l ns o C%U
,? u @) n Cn l bX) U
UL, CK nsJ
' 5VX5 KJ UK5sX5B@ ,dl ns o C CU @) tp u
,n, @1 CnsqN0 FC' iA C' UC' U(j0 U 0
%
$ ,n, B T
p .n
K5
7) @. 3n('
3sL[ 7Ip qI0 SX)
\C' A3C' ,C' ,(UQ I P 5 K70 ,
4.
KC @ ,K t5o &@o u7 KC' u5 Cn \l ]y o
,
,5 $ ) uK 3>i2 (c 3@$
tX) *) C' 3C
' C . o C0
1
C3@Xsn,' 0U
v7
qrrqw fnt #s
Distance (km)
10
15
20
25
XTR T
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
0.1
0.5
Time (sec)
0.2
0.3
1.0
0.4
0.5
1.5
0.6
Synthetic Data
Velocity Analysis
@ 5. KC @ UKWX { U
Km UK @ ,K I K Ka
CK;
s CU
Distance (km)
10
15
20
25
1500
2000
ny@,
2500
3000
.'
, I JKa
3500
0.1
0.5
Time (sec)
0.2
0.3
1.0
0.4
0.5
1.5
0.6
Q @ 4
I J K ` o
Synthetic Data
Velocity Analysis
s X ' )
I ZK
CK
.nC $
@ UK { U .
,
a s CU K UK @ ,n K a
ny@
P I 8kK*K5'CU
5$(k
z
z = x tan( )
@i
J6
&/
0
CK
kC ,n n s E K Uy
,n( KKC C ,n
C)
\'
*'
n,
&
K .K s ;
n
'
)
l
,
) V. s@K
K,K . n,9C
' 5 KU. , 5 K76 sJ0
%
>) 3.KG.
,
,K = K,/ s I C
' K @ ) , _
l n )
) 3 @) C ( KK$C' K K,J0L. s@K4) Z
C(UC,n
%
{ nC'CEs s
k ,%{@
C' '
K KN
True Dip
( _2 ''C Ks
CKE C G
XTR T
Apparent Dip
v
K .S,,
,K
'C
ft#4q._(4
' E s s
,% 4C
' ]y C
C:C4,/ ,n nKnC I Cn X5aK l
I,sk% $ o K Fk" UCbGA n,nC, K KUI CK C' CnKJN' d=- KCKk
KC u
C s . ,
,CF JC' :
$ X) ) Wn,u@sU(0 u
s{@ nk5*
K
K5
) 31( @K. nk (Y ) ,K = C' ny@ K LK
5
,C' ]sC% s mX) 37 K'u (K K $) 3,UC =CKk q1 @)
u ,K
) 3,a@n. kK&. E K,k skK C@s @$ > l 0a
\C
,&:
' @LK5
% K,]@@s ) Cn&C' U3 h ,K X) 37 K
EK C
' KC ( s5
' {@KN=G2 @ U) C' J50 K, . K5 @ v0s I K
k@$C
50
100
150
200
Fresnel Zone
0.2
0.4
0.6
CK Xt:l w
K]
)X, ,C
/
n&/,s'C]y
K,nC, ,C
J'%
CC
0.8
C
,n )3JK$5
Y
q I K
1.0
I jt K
KUKCUU/ C
KE ns1@KK,@KNdl F.
% sK
9 L nKUC{@K J' 50
%
L C' nKC% @ UC' C s U,%
C
' $':
' % UK('.,/ CU1n5 n snCU,G2
qN0 @r% u @) @$ *
' nKCC% U>C' CuK K]X) U/ C,@KuC,K J _
l UKJ K50 5
%
k \ K]k) ,/ C,$K K. ) UK(
' 0 C' ]sC% E@L
C
% n,]
s ) % EC,K ,/ ,n
l $ ) ] n 3@KCC(C#) u n 3IC
uC]% n
nK@s s,sN,(
"!$#&%'()*+,.-/-1032%45-67*),8*)9!:%;)-<*+-=5>+?-@8-<9BA@*)'C4DFEG,8*)%495H
r
P
z1
z2
Fresnel Zones
z3
Cnu
=KUKCU UC
CnKK s
%C
K]/UC K,UC(' 5E s 3I
@m%Ct. K])X0 K,Cn .3@KCn('
@ ) *GK sU C
%CnKK sJ'sUCK K./U,K
\.K4'CUs K,r
I sUmt222bK' ki I s,m>Ka * {@ CK ` s GikXE5? ki0) 'C CKn,
'CCjE K Kw n
%C]y U,B2G% K s ` 4U,'K K$'C , nKC
ss s5o Uh% ( ChkC,n,CnC C ,aA.Us 'C oM
NPOQRSUT VWQXV
YMZ Y
YMZ\[
YMZ\_
YMZL`
YMZ\a
YMZ\b
) ,C' ,':0 nJ6 sL,.UK
l ss3,K&. Cn* 1 4 :K
n
' . C' U) K
0 KCA
U/ y C]ybiA U ,X $ ,
%
V @X CN ,K1KLX) n&/Uy
,nL CnK35' @ 9[t+wu nK s 0 n
@KK,n,.& : U.nn s k$ ,% U, ' @y% @
knJ6 K,. UK X)
&' Kns. =' @s
(nk . QCu
'
p u ,nK n,n
K B X , $C' ,a) n
)X3, U(C' 1K !0
i !0 ti YX0C YX$0 'htX !4o@ K '
I;
W
o
.
K N: k K k$ U% {@KK @sJ') C' , U
nJ
6 sK 6 @KK,( to Cu @ CU$nK @sJ'=) @X) UKJC6 KK
cV$dV5tfe5kCbhg
c
) ,5as nJ6 Kt) %C sK 'C Il u,
YMZji Cn @i
5% 1 1K7
6 s C{ U
ny@ P X
K&'
,X >/,UKAi5EjnU(n s0K '
('
Un %K7
6 sU XUn C]/U,KAG5EKaKs3ULK&.,uUKnC 5EKa
Kr
s@K(' K&. ,,W U ='C 5 K,nC KC Cn=% ('=
u
n,{
sC
% aX) U,.. @'h l ( ('0 9.s@K(wXJIC@s N
)
$ n,C' @X) UK( h. s@K('C'
YMZ\k `
v;l
m
on r.V>qpsrG>sF(#utwv
2GB.n5
K,5Zp
U KU= CnK?)m) Is5o5'
@y5 $xzy I ` U.
CpK K UKK C. nK( 'CU, J'
L X,sU ;3- ,C5U
s2GCnKK s CL
k
) K
% y@{xzys0,)XULvkn,JcP|
&'C0K = ,'
Cp=
@
l U n$5 @ 7tp
s5C% U I C' C s KL $ .n U *l , K& $
5.
L Ztp ty5C% I )
4 ;
' C.n. ,sK K UE @s %
) KKC nK5:
@
(7
hU.MUhUfX.1
hU.MUXM3Uhh
W.fXMh.4.X
:
3h.X/=@<h@1hfXf=
M]
3h.X/=@1@=fXf=X
U@
3h.X/=@1@=fXfX=WX
3G
3h.X/1/<X@=X@=
X?f1@=Uh1@.
"kUKk Z p
5
L U K UC,K@s Cn .k UK
3?M
U?M
.3UM.X.U.
3fMXhUhX1UhX1h.
h..<.X1X
U1UXXhsXXXXUs
hXz3@h1@W1@h<@=(/=<@W</<</h(<1/1@1@1?
3XXUU1.X:
3?XW
fXX:3?fh3zWq.X
s
fhUz U..<z
3MUz}UXUU .?fXUU..9?
fMfhXh
3h.z
sfh:3fzhXszX? fXX:=h
3?XWsfh:=XUfhz4?Xh.W4.h
fhUz?MX<z
3MUz.}.?U?. h.hh9
2G 7p
5 )XwCKJ' ]s K m%@K(' ns
n
s CLK n&@Vl .CA
K@sJ' '@s
(0(Zp
5 50 =% >'C { (' FA1)'C@),'CaI
K
. nK K
I KEK,s% KU nsU, ` , 0@s K ,
'C, KKCG*.K
'Cay ,
NPOQRSUT VWQXV
9 5o
qo ' + 5o $'
@K
5E I
7p (0
` &' ' )
q>/ A E
m6 I &/ Q DK
o
#Xo
'
5VX5B ' 5
5 BQ _l
?' 5 # >t'
t '
d+
/ A 5E
' 5
0
J'
@
,,n G jnUss ,UXK C @
n Uy { U
YMZ\ "T knknC C s
C, @E C,
KK CK C]y1,
@n
Cn jnU ss X C
:5 s
s,]@N
U
,:K C
UK U @
$ C ({ , n
$s
,n,,*
CUKUnK U
C ,
,UK i jnUK s CU :3nCKL $
@K, C N,
n Kj
cFdV$$5.eCXg
M
MM
UK 7) ,CUC %C
,nKUK{n,K
sKUKC s5%
CK , lsCb.(0
Cn, ` ,n,J0C K5
u UKJh0@'h'
, s*C K
,
@
4rdJ> >s(>
p n J) K s CC C K
) nCnUn,n,#'C ,K
U, ) ,Kf
,"k@)U,(0 UK K
) C% K K,nC KL5%
( ,n, u5K KUK ,,
)>T ?* T VWQ,+ '-QXRMQX SQ,. QXMRQXd23 7) K KCC' 7 ' K
'CUK @@K ,L@L
, Cn,XK,nU ,n, ,K,s
Q I1VI cK U VI U\KK
I Q jikK
`
J)
n
n KCC
K
Cn, I
,sL
@ K C CC s
/10
32 32
54 7698:5;=<>;9?A@CBED>FG<>;9?HDIDIJKBMLNBPO,QHSRE:%4*),!$#L*%G,-<# 63-<*)32%4932-H
Qi
xy$z{|I }UT y$z }m$ x?z zWV!X JL J z 9 IYV7|z[Z x| D$hJ
) UK U @'=Ad'
,CK sd) ,: n J'hnn3@K,( :(,n(
$
UQF %CK n,nC L( [\ T )R + '-QXRMQX SQ]. QMRQX s23 KCC )
,K ' ' A^ 7)n KC
(0 ,E
KUK,nU ,n,*
C
s *_.n'
Uy@J0
KC X\% tE
o C K *K `_badc7egf=cihjcikdlnmpo1q7rscutYfwvxkAtYfzyNmi{=m
% ]s 4 ixrscutYfdvxkAtYfzy|mi{=m?% $" n,L' `
@: Q Z
M
4rdJ>~}_*r4n
K ,K '
% K,n@0 @K,n@ n% * ('K:c V%
C3@XsKC@s N=Cn ,J0B
K (C@ ,n$'C 0%C
'C7CJ' C :vCC K
K,n@0 w% K @sJ'U'S,@sKuC{
s ,K '
C sN I l
(' UK$'C 7pIK,CnNjK 2G X5 ,K KU(0= CnUEKUK , U,X
*
C s C*) nC ,K '
@'W) K'C7CJ' U@ C s0 K,]@105 ,
)uC]LCKE'CCEjUK,kn.,3m2G: JE q0a)X9uC] CK'C, K5*C ,n$'C
C s BC sK,n@0
K c 0 Q 'y5o@ &. X
s23 )X9'C (0C
Cn,KUKU,% .,sUs I Q 10C K,50
K K%KVl n,K
C s VIH KX (K,@sJ' K s
KUXsKCb #In KI{t
23C
I Q Q K
#IH K T Q & " VIn Kb & 3
"
'
VnI K T & " VIH K 3 kH
I Q Q Q K
"kUK0CK Cus$'KJI
, @K5C% ,(" 0$)X@K1 o
K,.(5skKUKU(0 %Ct
) C&'nC]km)XUWCnEB'C ns tC' C@sn ':*)3U*% ,>
VI K T Q & " #I Kb & u
I Q Q jikK
"
) ,Kn Ks
@K% , C
VI K T & " VI Kb u k
I Q Q !K
"
^
Q
|
2iF'CtUK F @nsU ) ) E C 3/ @KN7
p 5 50 K,QKU nk5
4as
v , F
' J C% F b) @' @' ,Kn$sKCb ) . t
K,#i2 _
' tUK s
KsU5C$#) 5w K CK nK,3V
C&u' U*n&u' 5 (C @&,/ @s
sa U5L
) L]s CnC C{ K( CU , * 3=5 ,KCn(.' Un/ U
'
j
l
T
UG) 3
IH K & " I1 Kb & M N
I Q Q YXK
T "
'
I K & " IH KbqM kH
I Q Q jkK
"
M M $5tXds
-1
M
3
30
20
10
-0.5
0.5
-1
-0.5
0.5
0.5
100
10
3000
300
250
2500
200
2000
150
1500
100
1000
50
500
-1
-0.5
0.5
-50
1
-1
-0.5
Q _l o@,K
,K 7 S 7 T @ 0Nq0N@50' q
10000
1000
CK
T
I Q Q jkK
I ^ c K Q C& & 5 & i T K7 I I^ dc ^ c K K
,=X
) 3
VI K T & " VI ^ K I ^ c K ^
I Q Q jkK
"
) UK Id ^ c K .&. I nK.
: @ 7tp ]sK M 5 Id ^ c K G2
C
' ,, K4% snC Id ^ c K?) 3ss
K
(sv % ] s C' , y* C sN
xR (2 HYHI(uN1=9( (( d
> =
9*)-=%49EG-<5Wz4# 98-<5-<*C%4 =-=6:#L5'195 !796 2.-<5f679EG-),EG-+ ) %f G - ,EG- M4# -< #&%56
%45f6 ,
jH j W )-/*9-%6%-@%56 -<*)!B'1EG2,-<9-H
$
>1dg[Wd1MWppUPd1gU
5 9' *
T
I K & !
"
%
UKC
KKU(
@u n3 C'C,@ 5^ (
=
UK K,n,y
s:
, s C K (0sU .L /|CnK{@
KCU
) C Kp (C@
l sK 5*B'CU sB
|CKn{
as, 6 @LK
& " & u I K T
"
^
d'C, y9
KC ,'C&.,Cn
s
) 1CU(' Ku5'' 7pIKs Q
3 'CUCK N_l C
I KL 8kK T O Q R & " & " & " =jHKiMu1H
" " "
^
l ,, n ,nKUL#C' U sB
KC@K > @)
C
I K T I c K
EI k K T I K
I K T
VI K I c K T VEI K I c K
I c K I c K T I c K
& " 3 #I K T I c K 3 I kK
"
^ I c K I c K T ^ I c K
^ I K T c I K
I K T Q & " u
"
T
"
^ I K
Q &
I Q Q @kK
C],@KK @sJ'
K
I Q Q K
/
C 3@K
I Q Q Q K
I Q Q @ikK
I Q Q qK
I QQ QQ XK
I @kK
I Q Q SK
I Q Q @kK
I Q Q @kK
I Q Q Q kK
I Q Q Q K
I Q Q QQ K
"
(
}w
n
rqqw }wt4_Kn
[k@)KUKCK
Cs ECnUXsKCG0CK Q n Q KK
K&.1KUK , VIH KX
/,UK
KKC' 15 n .UKK sUn@Vc | | W5%
X n N 2G0 Um)X'CJ0
I2
5#&%'1B9- %)9EG2395 9f%;7)- 5W9-=* ;%4 !EGEG-19*)'F%4.379- *),8,5 BE$%63- + )3P,W9B4#
8-=5-<*C%4,"! 9,5f'1-+z-'<%5F%4+z%!35)*9363f'1-%B'C%58-/# %*9%4,-+'CKE$%2%5>%*9 )*)%*9!B5W9-=* ;%4h,5W)B%
iL
d2
I2
M FdV5qkd
M
KC
' I,(
s n(CU , ,X UnQ /@ ` Q B
K0 s'
s9% (tYkA[fz{nhG{nlMcu5
s
dn(C, UX
%'wc | | _*X3@K 9%@'
sJ' C s LBC C KUKKCn,Ks
I Q jit K
#IH K T Q & M I VI K & 3 Y
M I
^
` ) 0n C@) C' 3@
h) h C s hC C K K,n@dX) n n,KU u@
Cn,XK,nU,
#In K T # " % M
I Q jit Q K
)
IJ ,s
%$'& "
v% 9'
UsU.CJ'=%
Q jitjikK
T M I VIn Kb & 3 N M I Y
I
^
& M
X nCu (n,K
) C KaIC,
) o) KU @
Q jit!K
T VEI Q Q | K
I
1sU ,J0WC % @)
B
% @
' &. K('h
Q K VIH $K UK, C('
% K(@CU@( Cy5%
Kak K( (
' | n,
VIH K T | # " VIE Q K & M N M & Y
%$'& "
M I
Q
Q jti YXK
T # " VI Q | K n I Q I 3H c KK
I
I 3H c K ^
N$'& "
UK Cn,
@Ks
UQ
9!WEGEG-1)*9'5-/'<-<5W9-=*9-675 H
M
1
0.5
-0.5
Q Q _
-1
&' 5 ('
CK
KCn K
,K
s ,,
'
7
[ I
n n(C,
@ ,n 0
,nK1K Cn
H1>HU
C
H
) \)
I
'aK70 %
% v 5% t) % (0a% F
n
) 5 7A & )
2G0
'aK Q
J) > Q 5 6
'
0
5 0 &
*% NA3 J [ @)
I 5'
' '
@)\0a)
&' J'
%
G
)
&'
F)
(K s X
K
U U(K (Cs@s K@ U( 0
s
{C
,K
@CK ,K@KK K , sn
@KC@KC N C
ns C
n U C
. 0 K
kn s.C
3u3 C
{@*Cy
s 1 .Cn,1Ks
X
K n
CKUnI
a U
X C s * iK .E 3,
, K C, k
@ XuK Cn CUK
M Ck5t$bhds
Mc
'C nUKss@C ' n3C' @y0)X(CU('s 5o@ #'C nK suK ?)m) t,CUs
nKKJT ' :ns k T
K,U ` 4
3% @ s5 J'.'
y.' s(sKC
LK s .
) )
) ,s
1_; ; IH K , I K(L skCn,
sKCb
K nu @1Ct'
y0nus5 ,15 C s %' @1 s ,@KEs5oU
(
@WsUn@JC0 K @,X) @G) n s
; ; IH K
T Q c
H W
I Q !
K
^q^q^
) UK UU;*% ,UvG2
n50 C
' ,K C C s ; IH 1K Co C@) 5
) 3EK C' y K C' (' n, . s U X
1 U , nX) ,nK& @s
Cn,5Ks
I 5K @@s. n C' nUs K KU sC9c s ) ,n
9[ C]F n( CU
T c Q Q
I Q !
Q K
^(^q^ ^
z+{|}
~ IK T2 { | ? N
zI| | V!X J J | IYV ~| Z0 z?~ J
V t S 7K%($A'2$JK/81(/4w?#0/@50a4$A/4%981.7K381.7K3 nd Y ln 50/4;s)'2$AJ:/81./@w#/450a@$&/4%91(#05e81.7K3
YL n9 lun E"!
w?#0$A%('"%($A'2%L$A5`'2-0/Q3$&660D&/)+' V Y E R -/$A5sJK/41(%./Q'21.):50%i87K1.3$&% T
&O
V n # & Y N
XZY !E Es]
%
$
y
tYladc`tYlE{ut:_7:5b'2-0/7:'2-/41-O):506_#0%./@%60$/@1./45s'a47K5sJK/@5s'2$&7:50%4Ep'#0%(/4%'2-/%(!33C/'21($&a507K1i
3C):D&$A<M)+'.$&7K5 X n $A581.7K5s'7+87:'.-'2-0/I87:1(HI):1.6):506>$A5sJK/41(%./L'21.):50%i87K1.3d]_:):506>60/O50/4%):1(12)M!%
1.#5050$&5;b81.7K3 n '27 $&5 P 7K1i'212)+5k8):%.-$&7K5E7$&5j tYlnadc` tYlI{u t:_G'.-0/d87K1iHN):1(6q):506c$&5sJ:/41.%(/
'21.):50%i87K1.3%"):1./+_O1./@% S /4a@'.$AJ:/4DA! T
V n 4 4 &O &O
XZY EEs]
):506
V n & @ &O n &O W
XY E0E n ts]
N
vMK0*4 *0U0vMh, * *C`K' -
C0
Zo4
xry
. 22s?:?0?K 0 i0
0.6
0.4
0.4
0.2
0.2
10
10
20
30
40
50
60
20
30
40
50
60
-0.2
-0.2
-0.4
-0.4
0.1
0.1
0.05
0.05
10
20
30
40
50
60
-0.05
-0.05
-0.1
-0.1
0.1
0.1
0.05
0.05
10
20
30
40
50
60
-0.05
-0.05
-0.1
-0.1
10
20
30
40
50
60
10
20
30
40
50
60
X ]
V y
O
O O
%.#a-'2-0)+'
X ] V E 7K1./@7JK/41@_O'2-0/ ):1(/9;K$AJ:/45Bs!
O
V n M W
XY E0E nKn ]
y
R -?#0%s! S /@1(87K1(3C$A50;)d P R 7K5 6O)+')HI/;K/@')'.1.$A;K7K507K3/@'.1.$AaQ$&5s'2/@1 S 7KD)+'.$&50; S 7KDA!507:3C$&):D
7:8*7K1.6/41 lhn E
,?s4
/@1.$A8!!w#0)+'2$A7K5 XY E Y Es]E
z+{|}
~#" %$ { | ? N
zI| |'&)(+* *| "+&~|-, ?z ~ *
0.1
0.4
0.05
0.2
10
20
30
40
50
60
10
-0.05
-0.2
-0.1
-0.4
0.1
0.1
0.05
0.05
10
20
30
40
50
60
-0.05
-0.05
-0.1
-0.1
0.1
0.1
0.05
0.05
10
20
30
40
50
60
-0.05
-0.05
-0.1
-0.1
20
30
40
50
60
10
20
30
40
50
60
10
20
30
40
50
60
. 22s?:?0?K65 i0
xrx
1.5
1.25
0.5
1
10
20
30
40
50
60
0.75
0.5
-0.5
0.25
-1
10
20
30
40
50
60
1.5
4
1
3
0.5
10
20
30
40
50
60
-0.5
1
-1
10
20
30
40
50
60
0.4
0.8
0.2
0.6
10
0.4
20
30
40
50
60
-0.2
0.2
-0.4
10
20
30
40
50
60
x
-7H'.-O)+'N'.-0/a47:5?J:7KD&#
'2$&7:5`7:8,'rH78#050a@'.$&7K5%N$&%/4w?#O):D'.7'2-/ S 1.760#0a'L7:8,'.-0/4$A1 P 7K#01($&/41
'.12):50%i87K1.3%4E
YX R -0/a47:1.1./@D)+'.$&7K57+8*'rH78#50a@'.$&7K50%"$AC% Z(#%('D&$A:/'2-/a@7K5sJK7KDA#'2$A7K5B/f
a4/ S ''.-O)+'L'.-0/93C$A5#%
%($&;K5c/4a@7K3C/@%) S D&#%4EU
-07H '.-O)+''.-0/a47:1.1./@D)+'.$&7K5U7:8"'rHI7e8#05a@'2$A7K50%$A%/4w?#O)+DI'27e'2-/
S 1(7
6#0a@'7:8L'2-0/ P 7K#01.$A/419'21.):50%(87:1.3 7:8L'2-/CO1(%(''.$&3/4%9'2-0/Ca47K3 S D&/gfUa47K#5 Z(#;s)+'2/C7:8L'2-/
P 7K#01($&/@1I'21.):50%(87:1.3 7:8'2-/%(/4a@7K506E
M[
-7H '2-O)+''.-0/=):#'27a47:1.1./@D)+'.$&7K5c7+8Q)e8#050a@'.$&7K5 X $A'2%a@7K1.1(/4D)'2$&7:5oH"$A'2-q$A'.%./@DA82]$&%/4w?#O)+D
'.7v'.-0/=):0%(7KD&#'./`J+):D�/%(w?#O):1./@6u7:8'2-/ P 7K#1.$&/@1'21.):50%i87K1.3m7+8'.-0/`8#050a'2$&7:5 X $&/@50/41
Q-0$A50a-0$&5 R -0/@7K1./@3`]gE
M\
-7H'.-O)+'$8)C8#05a@'2$A7K5b$A%$A3d):;:$&5O):1i!):56e/@JK/@5_$'2% P 7K#1.$&/@1'.12):5%(87K1(3 $A%)+D&%.7d$&3C):;+
$A5O):1(!):56/@JK/@5E X ^ 8#05a@'2$A7K5$&%%2):$A6 '27h/o/JK/45$A8 X l ] V X ]b):567
606$8
X l ] V l X ]E
^]-O)'$A%N'2-0/ P 7K#01($&/@1I'21.):50%(87:1.3 7:`
8 a _ _cbedfbhg
Mi-O)'G$&%'2-/N!w?#0$A%(' 81(/4w?#0/@50a@!87K1*60)+')%2):3 S D&/@6)+' 3% X $E/:E_EtKt:%./4a@7K5060h% j+%2)+3 S DA/]gE
kmln
oqpsr tvuxwCyz|{}~yz)yUC
. '.G0)(:
?K+*:?si-,2
./'
106
66C6
66 2'3 0I 466
/7698;:=<M+=>?:%>+h+s!@NA<B<DCECE:' F<C+h'=B+)C)+UU+G<M+
>s)hH5/6
= CI>fBE>+KJ)BM +hMLB)<@?NOLC)D<B<MEP=%RQS:=<MDP1H>+1N
+T
C= < h' =D <B< @NM= >=U
5
h)WV+'+6 ''6X
)'YV++ '+6X[Z`+'+6
,?s4
A\]5/1h'=>s'))!U:''-#Mx>+=U^C)+B
<A<h'K
D
698YC' ME H_5/MUM c+1% PZB1U'xB+'c+9 H += <M8 J+ h <B<
B+'c+;h`
:'Pv '
+ +a
:=<a
Lc bBsh'= >3N%_
LMh's+B
+)h+e
msB <dN/+S
:1<-Mh) JD <Hfe K TC<BE < x#%hR Q'+S
:1<-Mh-E < =g C
++)+h P @ JE Ph Pi @ cM`
@N'B C~h+a
:=<h
JD <N :E CA h H
C)+n
<K -#M) @N hO
J+M) :B% >+U= C
K3 jYk @ h# lJm >++ E >h B+S
+= :'
@NB >:hP= :'
@NB >D:hP1 :MD >+i LKM :=<+)'1 >o>1h
C)A :'CMq
p_@N @NC+
:) Mn
%
k p5h :rN- QMD >+ O
ps@N' @NE Hut @ J+)E P6+ <A<ss)h <M +B C
Nh hD C)%+B?'UM)B
T
>+'B% <B<vLwcg <B >x
@ J+)c Nc?+B >+h Hvy
D Cf Ph4 : '/+ <B< z<B<D H-x
C)+mh+h J+)h/= P6h1sM= >
7 : C9sD :'hMmhf
:=<M+= >1H){/ Q'+a
:=<MD U
2I [V+' +6
@Nx7Bh+9/ +s++N
>+hE H
'8% <A<Mv <^A J <MI
< @Ne=E |6= Co
M8+7B+9vvh1'1 >v F< h
K
+hf
>M + H}u<c+Bn
@NM /= |')= C)+s~ @Nv :+B
@. 6
BN=/ <shM= >P)B? J6E H
>B% <A<Pm<fM B <MUMhM= > e
1
K QOP/ @| zJ+E <Ms#h) hM
+B J++ <E H5/N+B D >D <L<M)+s J'R N J+)h+Bg C)h
@NM-)+G
@ J+)
:B%
:D >hM= >x+ <= >h'd
+B+hUc+ BBD CS
@c)B= >K<^c Lc NHTtS
@
C)+
ZB1'
:=<+ hNh
A <B<')B J)E Hu5/m :% >+h+ B'? @NA <B< h'=9 H
y Q-:E
Cfh%x+Bhcm+<M- C)hM/+' < JD <M) H{/R Q'+S
:1< M! @f
@+h)~hs'
1hhB >?D C)B?E CfhM J1 >DDhD C)E P?~s+7 m C)'E P@sB > B
BUfhM= >O<A +
" $
&)(+*Y*
3 dg
'WV+s'B66'3CB3''6ZI
/sB+h+fg@BKBh<MP'?M=:'P<M-C)hM hs +hDCU6)B
h h:fhHvy ~h)N=>+/mhs:fP@J+)EPhMN=:
+h H
B h'!+a
:=< h'+ h'E :)-B C
BM= >B= >+M J-h'
KLW{MD <A<M
#1 Hymh' F>B
E <M @fP=yzJ+ ~c : @% :'9 HUA > J+?B= CEC)7 @NM
+)N% :h+N+ @E <B<"H
5
.?0)(K:D*
K?K(g,A
'
20
40
60
80
20
40
60
80
'-H1UNECKK +~OCE<Mc+1:;J+)B
{ B>
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
" $
./
&)(+*Y*
sinc_function.ma
plot2 = Plot[sinc[t,11],{t,0.,.5},PlotRange->All];
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
-0.2
-Graphics-
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
3 dg
.?0)(K:D*
K?K(g,A
'
./
sinc_function.ma
sinc_function.ma
4
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
-Graphics-
0.15
-Graphics-
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
0.4
" $
&)(+*Y*
3 dg
y/K=C%=
GDD=?c=-KD)SA>%c+B%xa=g=?@q@7A<B<E=C%=coSD`=AE
E@J%
E|3FcBD=EHvt?@]CD`cF7+P=%%;c1y3=@W=i@J%qE|3F+B%9P=AE
&
b]
O@7F+?D
i%%`c-A=>Ocn:==<A<
G
D%@7B<A<
Ex1%
<A%P)=BBG%1<ADD:=:1Q-BS+c@J%`E|3FcBDhHMy/S:=<ABCABOD
D
=a:1cA%=vD%1uc17
E|3==CSDc=7@JDEDBE
EPg=?
SgD==E
uD9=?S+EBD<
:=
%:
BEPhD1Dc1EHf{F=
=EP9aB>%+cA%`BJ%%<J%o+3;3B1=oDSD=A:==<B+cA%=7Dc1
F+c@71BC&W9C;c=D:=:=
Q1Ac@JDE|3FcBD=;F+`@=
DH{F%xRQ=+S:=<ADPi
B=C
cDC&3B=>?+
cE3FcE!G=<cA:=<BEPAg@Dzv=%B1>m:%&DC&iaB>Dc+B%m@v=EG@JD|g=+cA%
@7=AC&1-x=D`>%J%
B:=1BD=xG=<cB:1<BE
%Sc=A=>@7=AC&CE&DA=<A_CD1=D`
c+B^%oc1DJ%nE|3FcBDhHn~=E
%
a@a=%=D3oD=BIn=
=;DA%ax+1
=A++B%`D!c1%qE|3F+B%=O7cTDBh+c1B"rDBa%
m+BhD!c1E7+1S1B%1
=
%ov=A++B%1?Du=DOE3F+B%DGDBFcS%%hEEEqc
gAMD=ED
c B% = nD;=D%
=+B1E%A=E
AgB=7c1g=+cA%=DDE
=B=mc=B ==AEA+dDcB /%-&+B%=D
=%S+cA%DD uD
Tag=E7=B&;B~
==E
BEDB-aac
BfD1;1% /
D&cB1=-=DmD
B
Dc
%=AiD=;
cxEBD
BiA=E
EaE&D9E%=cc1A%f
EdcBDh=D1TF+?+;A=AdD
FB`7=B&A7
Ec`3g=
%
c+cAD~1BmB73B=;DunBDm%1BaDFD1KDSfD)=E
EDS=ABE+cA%=?DO=+iBaD
&+3B^SDK
EAa%B%DB++==BA+B%1EffBo
ciBc1
BD=O=9F=%ES1n=fSD
7EDS=ABE+cxD
A=AdDAAaD1;=E;AS=AAaAd+EE
&F+cDcE
c1uD
hzg1BBA=A==%
SgB13h
&cv3cE3=ABB1B1]
FBh
FAc~3=BAB=
B= =E1A/= EB9 rD=;A~E3=BAB=
B= %g&+B%F+9Dc3dDF EAh
!#"%$&('*),+.-0/%'*1(23+.!-41!-56+%+879;: 9<1=-?>#'*"@+.#$A7'CB*-A-0DFE('+.G9*1("%'1(2H/&'CI,"?: 7J-?/K-L$9MN7O/KP+.+.-?1=7O+.RQS'/.+.G1
T6U +.V9WXY-07[Z1!\*>#'1(24]O-0".-0'*/K$&_^
`
~=qDfd+E`
DB
%hz?3F+cA%
@ G~
D=;
1 -
` 8y!|{};Y zy!
@ G~ #
1 - %
B~=1Exg=%&+B+v~1E
@1G~-G
{ q { g1BBA=A= =
=FEAh
~=ABEDDFD=ASc=u
D
FDq=
B%=F+3q
=Dc9T~=SE3=ABB1B1E3F+B%1
=A=~%afD==FDxED==AB%1E DB
a
==%fc=+
D
f=E
{ R
` { YS
@ G~
@1G~-#%
1 - 3
=1%
Dv=fvF+O= uD
AO=Bc=
BA%cI
%cG3=BAB=
B= ED F%=+cA%h
a=Da`nxBBED=)7AM%=iEg%
=BFcE n 11E
q=D
BEAGaDcA%^B^c1
=
FDh%
1 -
H
8yj {y 8yj
@ G~ G
Sy
%cA%h
*- =
Ex=KcAS
/===3
c
E
E1E=
A/%?D= %cgAc+cA%FD7Dc3dD?+ -E
=+cBDh%B +
0
{ JOE j
@1G~-#%
0
{ O E j
@1G~-G
@1
G-~ G
0
{ O j
{ q j
.-G~1 ~
~=iE3FcBD==*F
==xB=EaEcDB3FDccBAR R 1D= R |? +c?F+vc=B=*
aE&D3FDccB7D=<F
1ETD=9E1EE~
% =iE3=ABA=A= +DB=7+=i%=
E
gA=
%BF=TD
q=+B;%E=cD"Fc=&FD=DEo1
E
B=E^3TncE
dD=D
BEADq
DB
7= ED;fD
=ETD~c=fF+
cAEADz~E3=BAB=
B=
=ET=fFDcBBi+EEBc+B%
N j
{} ` %8yj
=
m%
=E~A
.-G~1
%
~=E3F+B%1~DaDB%IzD{o%D+=c=F
m%1EE
` v{ R _
xw
.-G~1 %
=
B==DF+=GA=E
EaE&D!3FDccAEo+G+BDu%
=EvO
D=+EE1B=x%1A`ca
c1%=D;=F
?D=Ef=-cc+mc=fE3=ABA=A= E%=1AcA%D
fB7Ac
` { O R xw
. G1~
uD&TE
B`c=Am3F+cA%;B7+DAF+cKm=F+dD%A3 r=17=q3F+cA%;%%E
=
c1ODEEAEccBDKD=GS+cd+FD&Di7=B&^SKG %=;D?c1GA=%BB1
&+3D
cAS+
R
q+BnG1
7F%
@ O @
xwg. O]@ wK@ q{}~
. G~
- 1 3
A=Ei=fE%cA3=A/x3F+cA%x%~ED=
++cA%`D)SD
~B
V_xwg@ | {~
- 1 %
- 1
- 1 %
- 1
- 1
. G~
Oc F
m%1E
.
.
.
.
F=
=E=%L?~c%1dD`%g/fFD
` .
{
YS@
` O{O { Yqxwg@
G~
G~
G~
G~
. G~ G~
.-G~1G
- 1
~=~BD
1A)~F%~ci
%
)%1A)=_iE%a=1
R%=~B1ES&D-
c
E
)c=~%A3
~=B7A~S%
iE%a=ABcEFD`A7aBD3~D=D~EED=
B
Ba=S=f=g==
Duc1GBgD!B F=AE
BSD
cDBE=
%fD==OBg+dDcBc=%q~1a
D
%a=D
c1B~=
%=B Ac=i1E
E=DD`A=AdDr
FEAh
7=A&TA=D7A F=cBSD=17A
D%1E EaBxc=f=A=BDES
L
L
J(
=1%
D)% 1Da=ADDE%1G+
cEB%Dc=SDB
7=ABnBDB=cD=B+c
c1 uDcTSSDADa%= E7c=fcD=B+cA%h1f7BB9Bg%3B=nm=cDaq
F+dD
%B
=177G=AE
E7=AEEi+S+
cE)~=A=]=BE7ABBx%=EDhFDqG1AE
B1AcBD9c
E FEA;FD;%=m%B`=AEDfcD=B+c;= v+
cKDTDSD= %=A
EE%qD`B=EaEcD
E
?+
~nBx%=ED
j
|{ {
. G~ G
- 1 %
?DEEG
B%AScD=
d+B%1g==E~=O
cDAh=+oEAh3=frD=c3=~ED==+7D=
D;EBD
B
c
E
E~3= R DDDFD1Dc=A=S7=+c%E?c17AKEBD
BA/x%?
cDA
=1mA~%AEAOE
=AmD!c1A=AdDrcF
EAh
!o~=oFD1=Bvc=A=
%=BT+E%1B1E=
)c=D+?+E
dD3FDcAEB+71B&
q 11E
+
!
- 1
| zy
{y zyj
. G~ G
?/
%
=EfB+
3
nED==Df1 Rh=%E
D aa+`7=+7EBDB A~= 3
f=WEBDB
. G1~ G;3
{ "xw! u "Rq S
E+=ic1o%=ScnDcc1i
c
E
?7GFDcBB?BxcDB=A=q=iED3B3==;m.
B?=D
c=D=^%O"R
&! 7 EaEGEmcFoc=
c
E
ocE1%o1EAoc=DEi/E
FDco+c=O%cB3=1D%
iBc
DE=A=x=DEEf~=O%EhBK=9D*1
DAK
=oDc=q+E
dDEA==A
cD
cK%-oDc?=E
E&+D?~=G* =
E
BD% S
BxD=1<F
=?7F~SED`;D_
B=S3cDh%=
A1c%fd+B%hz
| 8
y Bfc1
E=
%G+T=D
BEADc==cE=
%GG;%AA
=DEB~
Ba=A
A
w | S q{
. G1~ G%
7=A&TA
=
?OgBDm
E
BEu=F
m%1EE=G=
mFD
@Lw
. G1~ G
{ S ]
Oc1f1Bh
mD)AB=EDE
xE3F+B%=~A
` {
_
xw _
3w .Lw
. G1~ G%
{ gw @
. G1~ G
` {
YS
. G1~ G
. G1~ ~
{ "xw! u q S
{
. G1~
EaEGEF+~qFDD
=aE`c=+7c=u D
7
/
D7=Dm+&+B=
L
F+KOg=%&+Bf=
E
FEA
D7A /DcgA&cB1
D7=1EADAA
gSaA
F+KD`AD%=AD-
EcxEBD
BiB1ES&Dh%=cA1c%fd+B%
7EaEGEg-=F+Bn%G1d+B=ic1E?E3F+B%1E1E%=E`q
Ac=+cA%SAa71B&
c1O=BcB1cA%^/EEFcd+)D=MS+cBD%=E1ciDfE
=EBDqfBiDEMcDAcF
BBB1DA F
=cE
BSDdDcAEA/M=E
Bq=^=AE
E=/EE =AEBD F+dDd+=
D%D=%BDS+cBD7=E
EA1cA%=S~FqAo7%1=S~1EaBi1T=9=EaBM=
%=BS
7=A&T=a=D7=D
E
-c;%=7B=cd+c%~+c=&uF EA=E
j _
sV; s?
C
, [}|4FR
*
~=1=%D==B -E
EB
Bc?+D
=%%O+=%
%=%=iDaBBBD97c
EDq=ED=E
D=acq=FDm%%S%vqdcEu 1BBn7=B&D%7AB==Eq=
-E
~q=AB=nF&q
E
v%O7BA=E%AO3nSD3B1i%a~
gc=cA?F&o7Aa
=
g=v~1En%%n7BAFD=O7F+DE
=ED=E7A1%S+B%A~=EE
cD;D%%`cnEDS=Aoc=i%AB7B==gEA= F
n
cD&3B=n%BgE/xDF+AgA~=A=O%EBDh
v[ED?D=;
cD&=fF+&Ocn=
-1=E=E;
D9
mB%h
A%ccoc1=+&G7A`=;E aB=
T
7 E+7=fSA%c+B%D=`%BgEA/DFDgB~13B9D%TDfccB?F E`7Axc=fBSD%+
~=iD
1
vc=?DAn
c=Eu~=m7BBFmDc=
+BF
E==&x+qF
D=A=%-v71B&
=ED=E
+i3=B
EhrD
cA=Gc1=+&nD=;a%h
F%E
+B=7c=v
gc1cAF&~7Ac1
g=A=
=vDBB7A=~=E
E
B1B%D1=
<F%<
s0 s
s0
s
s0 s
s0 s
~=GDa=BBc
+DB4aErc==DF+EB1Bv~1rc=qEE%oF+EB1Bv~1Av%ED
=A=EK=AAq=
DDA=%AS==E
=
D% F
%f%BgEABE1
~~{ K
~ 1g6{S- G-~
1g
{1
~ qm E%
T=%=DTDS1BE7
nF+7%DTEDT
Efc=f=EE
<F cDE
=B&SxD!
EEA=O7F+E7%%A=G%`aB%oa1B&S=i=ED~D7cDE~D^+ED&
3
1DmE%TD=`&+Dic=qDm EE
/+9
mcA%h
= ;
u
=g=A`7BA==aDAhc=cDEE9
=D?T
=DBca
B=%A =BD vDK+ 1DaB=DAD
cDE
BG=&D1E%=
Aq7Aca 1A+%D3%u%%SDS=?7B1Scq=B&O+;qSDABE3=
cxA-D`+ o?D%MD^=
Gc= Eg%EDFD1BBcAE7Dv -ADDqc -DA%^B1=AgB1FD
1DmE%1E
3
[}|4FR
6[F
}H F
F
?qBD=
%B1B%`c
1B~%c
B=1ET+%B+BB+E;D=fD=
BE A+D
D
=ocASmc=A+~=%=+1i=Dx=D~ED=`=A=!#"%$^Bc1oEBD7cA=O&#"%$
A17cn=Oc=f=
=gEA==
'(
; U ; 0ed
5@G /
* K, R
R h;
F\ Gng 9
C b 576 h C
- 2 f W+I F0 **,*****,*****,*****,*
R _eh; C
ji+Jslk
ni,Jsok
C _ni ,sJ k
5@G / * R ;h k
b I s 5 10
9Vc<; / =:9>5
,q
b 576mg 9
576 ?
q
b 576mg 9
576 ?
K q
b 576mg 9
576 ?
,q
b 576mg 9
576 ?
0 ; U I
LK, j LK
?F; U I _ K E K
0 ; U I
LK, j JFE
LK
?F; U I _ K s _q s
0 ; U I
LK, j J LK
57685 03/3h gBA35 04/3h g 5_6
a 5 ****,*****,*****,*****,****
'}|
Channel
0
20
Channel
40
60
1.0
1.5
40
60
1.0
2.0
FFID 7
FFID 100
Channel
Channel
20
40
60
20
0.5
Time
0.5
Time
60
1.5
2.0
40
0.5
Time
Time
0.5
20
1.0
1.0
1.5
1.5
2.0
2.0
FFID 176
FFID 190
A%=S- ~1WF+c
)+**,* Z / QC
576 \3/ Q U#_a \
576 b 5 aNUH/< \
08a70
'
Offset
Offset
0
-1000
-500
Time
1.0
1.0
1.5
1.5
2.0
2.0
Offset
0
-1000
Offset
-500
-1000
-500
0.5
Time
0.5
Time
-500
0.5
0.5
Time
-1000
1.0
1.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.0
A%=S-#
% _
%cE;F+c
2000
Velocity
3000
4000
1000
5000
0.5
0.5
Time
Time
1000
'
1.0
Velocity
3000
4000
5000
1.0
1.5
1.5
2.0
2.0
2000
Velocity
3000
4000
5000
1000
0.5
0.5
Time
Time
2000
1.0
1.5
2000
Velocity
3000
4000
5000
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.0
A%=
1
uEBgE/+FDAg
B~FD1EB
940
950
960
1.0
1.5
1.0
2.0
CDP 290
6940
6950
CDP 390
6960
9940
9950
0.5
Time
0.5
Time
3960
1.5
2.0
3950
0.5
Time
Time
0.5
3940
1.0
1.0
1.5
1.5
2.0
2.0
CDP 490
CDP 590
B%11P%T%%1?E%
c;cDE
9960
100
200
300
400
0.5
0.5
1.0
1.0
1.5
1.5
100
200
300
400
2.0
2.0
Stack
B%1S1G
~=SFFD9
&+&`D=EE
;
/+9
mSA%ccBD
<r
| DNH 6<r
=D7ON71E<D4EH@1=D1O<h
` { O RO
T.Lw Oxw S
<=DOiO:O<1
=D
B7Oc<
4=14%B<F4%8
H@31<<%4FgOBND,D==BN:<iO,3BO
OD
A,= O4i
= B
= x
g ON;
4OA`1E}S8%}1FfEDD=O1=SiE4B=3a1:4N<1%+1+3
NFOB Ov
g }N;
<H: O4 D }A *
/D ,@1HD @4% OD F+3v
1O<= N;
413E H14h
D
A B!EO34E 41= :O4E D @34B 14E ?1= 1D O 4N= D vONA O% D <B ND
FOE O E >n
D 1i
P% }<D 4E H@1D 1<
:84E %E N9
SN4AE=HDAH<1:f=O:O=O1ODO441<Da=%HD<:=OOBOB
1D+=1P%OH:O<aO%}D1O11<=+fE4=e:4<*
<D&A
=%
HD F@1 = <= <3
D }h 4h >P= !4 P :OE a
:D <4+
f<,E 71N@ }F % % E
8=D
#%
1 xN<= 4 47O4:D <= E S s31O4 E H:O<s
1O:4
{ 3!4<3a
H:O11+ O@1D %H 14 14= OXO4N4:&4n
1
O ND
4B
4:NNNFF
` `
8 =D G
8 =D 3
O 4E {m% O+
8 =D #%
. Lw_
8 =D G
`
`
w Py%
x
8 =D #%
L'
a;b_cd_e(fgjiLf1<cp<e(mNac,(f4f_kl6c_e;mNn_o
p
8 471GOA=P7<EVOr%mOa4N%N41x
PN143OOBE
<4H:41
4O<F0
414`O4DO41O4,4:<B4f4D1+O1=NDO(
%O+(
`
<H1OEOaEv
D}Oa11 #%O7,:O<H:rES?ON1: =3
@&+%O+:O<O!N+o%OE<,E1
O7,
%
D}
, {
`
` 4D}1N+
8=DGF
8=DGF
@1%,~F
OO4c1N+1
N<-E;ON143131O<H@SN!H:
4<4:Kg}N4 ~SOE4%,:<H1
3<H:ONxg}N;4
H4N3NE D O43NE H1r4
@ 1% <_
` ~
%
{m6~,
,~ `
,~
4D}h
@1%!<
,~,
,~,
{ (
~~~ONN14=E
@1%,F
@1% 6
@1% ! <
{ xw!7 Rq7
@1%!<
4ODOO4EH:O<1
D81O<=O&N<F<F1H1FO3%?
/8EO+ONAO<<:,~ ` O
&6~fN
<4<)PO+=4 H44ND8%O7,8NN1
4<
L4N<<4%13!=}
H47g a O433<a 4E H@1= D 1O<h
e48OOE 7O!4OE O3
3
8<:3D ,8N< ?<3 HN1FB n
O1<81< O<= D 4E H:O<1
:114N<a
D
HD 4f
O13O<=
VH6
F
H%~O%$O3<xO4N4471
` {Dxw
14
{ xw!7 Rq7
4O7B~O3%OH14`% 7)
3N
` { . xw!7OO w+* R%7-,
` { w,7 =
w, u7
P xw!7 Y ,w u7
'&(#_
'&(##<
'&(#/.F
'&(#0&
42
1F
Oa
oO O4
<43H:O1%:4DO4NDON<1:SDO<<3
!=34%SD<=F
5
?N14`O3_nFxON1:H1gBN+4DOiN:<N44638%1FD14&D3
<NN4:D 4q
O<3<B mO4% }<6
3HD OO3q
1N41OD H14< 3
D }
3=O 3P E |>D 1F<F,3<= 4A c 4+1D 73= 38E O 4 O8Po
<
1o
O 44
+8*:9<;_K<4D O3E O Oa
? OE7O1O<471
` v{P xw!7Oxw, q7
4O314DO?
@$NFN<=}1F0" +4
< xw!7AA
` { KH; O xw!7 BA
xw, q7{
'&(#>=<
'&(#GF
'&(#>C<
4ABmO1E:O4DD}<&H@1r0"1O4<4<47mO8<4
4<% E 44F
31OON43E
7n*%3=OvD
v{j6Gj IH O Ay A :J
'&(#GF
4OKG H 14 J DOaON1+L1H=4:P7<*% 3=E<B;3=EOF:O<D3
4:OH:8N<4:i%1F!
DFOE}4O*+ B}fO:DM1H=<G H
a;b_cd_e(fgjiLf1<cp<e(mNac,(f4f_kl6c_e;mNn_o p
J 4N1H4O41P71R>13E8N1!OH:OD}4<=<3=O14OaDO4E
ON1+r4nO1<,+O
%<:1EA <
<<Brr4:O4AiO=3 OONF:<4&D}< H@1PPE
N1
8
` G
XK3; ` G
@ ` H ` H
AA @ ` J ` J | {~
A
'&(#GF
&@#%,~F
` G { .H(O ` G
` H { ` H 14
` J { ` J
&@#%<_
&@#%!<
&@#%R.F
3N +<1OONxO1O4Eq1DPPOO13O<+O4NDO<H:O<!|7S
E
1E3DOO4<3<F477NH<4:47OH:%1E}7O:A
,3O4NDO<
H@1N18~<44nO1 ON1+T14N1vO:A
,3O4EO=O7ON:<=4U3=H% }4H@N<
47<N8A~O14:T341NV"&FW14<4A -#"
QOEOaF<<,4&3%O14NFcDq13[ X3(3PNDN81DO4B81D<,E47O411
14H14DO&F114OgONZYH::<4!%O14FES<(34
O3D14<6=
3 OO<H1
1O<=O<<O4EX44A<(344A1N1NFD
3%OESDO1<=NE
DB4<4ION:OOEO4O4ND[QO4<(43 4Aq}cO14
N3<4<44:1=D4B}37O3D14N1\=3 E
O1H1#<E=ON147!
4O=O1D H:<=DO1N]
1D<&, 4:<=#"3B?DO D
, 4:<A
4AON1O:OEv=O1H:=N283 EN:1N+OD<3O<1N1P<1N
OOO4&D31DONE:4T
4AO343BOO8&4<%&E NOaO<3<D
OV8
3 N1&<!, 4:<! ^
_ ` 4N4:14<F+<=<r3EOO=O
OcDvO<3<= aNN1=<E}44A4D1F<4EO1O13O<OO4!NDO<
H@1N18*%=3 OND!3D<4H:<D8ED4O=NOc1O
4:<[;
^ :OB441 Eb ^ { ~14< H_ n` O:A4H1 w(_ {ew(H` { ~@
B H
14 J :OB *314f:i1D1 H@1!
4OiO13O<=%H<NE}1H+1EB}=3 OP3 E%4rO\43 !4EE814:4
41L=3 7<14ER
^ B:W0 n<" %? <6=3 OO<H1<X0"LQ B[=3 OH3 1F:O4
4::<43 HD1N+
&@#%&
ced {gf {ih =;j;
!_ :4` DO1Nk 71E4" %2
O3D<#" D}N:1=vD3EO<+O@
O<F14<EO!O44BN1+l=
3 H3 1<:<!4O1E471 43 4DO<,N
cn3m {po {ih 7; 6qrced
&@#%I<=
4O+O&NDE+O3D1E643 P1=O4E+O!?P3 %
O4!%}4<1<H1
83 <DN:<=+4ND<H13D
O,N:3@:O< xw!v{}~Fs
|
z
y
r
vwyxzw4{
|~}-TM j)
P47DN1=O4EFH:O<1+O4i%O
` Gp
{ ` `G
'&(/.%_
1
D
ON1+ 1 H:<=0"4~ 1%l@<3&~(3(38%OOP3DN<=}1FN
BN1NO4?}1V38N!#"
14
41,4:<PN<E
G j|{g: w
6G {
xw, G{
n
wj n {gn
G { tn
` G { ` .
'&(/.%#<
'&(/.%/.F
'&(/.%0&
'&(/.%>=<
'&(/.%GF
` { `
' &(/.%>C<
4BO4X,11FGeDO41P71S%:OB1HE4!71H@1!+4?GVA
N1=1F1O4<3413E4144N -q<=M&(_
'&(/.%GF
w {&N1=1F
a;b_cd_e(fgjiLf1<cp<e(mNac,(f4f_kl6c_e;mNn_o
p
V341NB3=O3H1F:O4O4<,N2n 13!B4:
%
3P%DP[}71#" ,+O
: w kO3=OONF&4A1OH13N13N<=}1F<O4<34134144NF w e
{ N<=}1FN
{ !
'&(/.%GF
&@/.@,~F
{ {
[
3N
|{
w
&DON11NF<H1%?
w |
&@/.@<_
s z {m Z
\:
w k
vwyxzw
&@/.@!<
` ; ` +
M7jT} j)
8N1OO4fON1D<H:O<J
`
G {p ` ` G4
&@/.@R.F
4O+O3AN1=1FH1:BON13_ONXH:A'PB1FP<344N#
sEL4NPENF14?44O<DnO3<:D131,4
G j{ w
&@/.@&
@B1HEO4<H:O<x%:4BNO<r
4O+O147O634<qO<3<=QK443 4EN1N,%O4H:OEN,n+HD
O4G
BG43<<4D&14@ =V33 4E:,34O4N
`
G {} ` G G
&@/.@I<=
. NNPDOD
O44!4:46;q9B74344EN1,c18<34%<D
3N,%4H@gON<F1<4\341ON;,O1>*%34%O<%E:<=NqD
O31
4f
O41 3O<
G !j { !j
&@/.@,F
3=+43NE
` G{ `
&@/.@IC<
{ `
&@/.@,F
&@/.@,F
{pkY 'A
14=
&@/.@G~F
G{ ' O Ws
4Aa<+13=ENFcV43 4O1},O<-X14<313+Os:4
<4<4FDO!4&N144 1O%D B=47mO4!1643 43E+%O4&1E
GTV{ *
&@/.@G+_
GA,BOH11gF3=O38%}1H1H1F O3DD4AV341NF71r?}cE
NNcO1114O<1HNKO41#%* #14O=MG ` B=OH:NDO=D4E14N=
4N4O14<<FO%
O4O443 4E+O141:vBO4N
;& j ` G ` {p& ) `
&@/.@G<
3OND4yB44P3 44NF!DmO141 1O4EH1y+&r443 H+O
" +O<4NFs=
N3EO:BN1=O<F3 483 N34N4
vwyxzwyx
M7es)}-<l(M<(-
413E~V334E:,cOiO<3<r
G4{ W
&@/.@G.F
B<<3FDO7+OO4%<!)Q43=O<3NEoO43,4F<<<
O1=O:O4DO114A3N34D4<<<4N<1:4@H
1 41+<F4BD
(
a;b_cd_e(fgjiLf1<cp<e(mNac,(f4f_kl6c_e;mNn_o
p
3FDO%ELP144G<3O<<3%O144=OH:N4O1=H 7<3DOOO1eO4<=O
4+<E
s<44<T 3(33 H:T41% E/4344E N1_
},O3=O<3NaN
3%ONDO!O4xO3HDO:<F4N141313<14O14:< 8%O
N1\
34N:! QLA 6
3P% }1FO;
NN8E OH:4n
:4:O<<44<<43(34EO
:4:O<4 B c 4N14
<o@ 1H381341&X 3(34= O4+ K
O<1
4 O3N<4N4 O1<FN<:ON 3(38D D
E O3
D 84A 1F) ON:OOE 444
N<1 O:HB O!4N<NOH:7
D
:E 4Fs
&@/.@GX&
44%OO_E4P3 4BNO<D\ 4O?
BO4;14=!DO4`V43 3EOX
Qy:NAO4S}13NE&A2P3 DO4^O3_ K(
H@OO<3<=D4N4<C
H@113O<@N1^@B 4AN144O<O+B41,OAOFOD
O4H@
3(33
vwyxzwv
- j7
21 +N38<xV3H:N
14A1OH13N<GsBO44<<4D
G j|{pz*
&@/.@G=<
a1=31 81ON O,F3EON<\33 ON<N3E:4AO=OH:4NN1 V38N1
FOEOO4!+OB4mAzP3 O+4
z{g
!
%_ |
&@/.@GF
OBO4!163444 14|B4 43 4DOX4!48E+,1:O<=P3 iON<4A
3m4N3Z {s (4? 4N3B1BO4?NU=3 +N1HDrO483 E,Z
{mR: 1<
:T14<OA H:t ON1=44H:4<N4N OkL
4D=4H+O<4<BO4HDO<4M43 1471
G j|{p N%)* w |,
&@/.@G<C
N W7J-'>G>97+.!-S' U )(>+.E(2!-M}
+.92 -'W E(1($+K9<19*W".)('*$?-*:+.!-01R+K!-S".E!/@W'<$-j"%9*W$?9*1("@+K'*1<+L' U )(>+.E(2!1!9R>9<1!\*-0/L1!-0$?-0"K".'*/.G>GIR$9<1;$#2,-7O+.+K!-".E!/.W'*$?-0"L9*W|$9*1;"8+&'1F+4)!;'*".-*^Dz 1+K('+$?'<"@-V+K!-7'CB*-#"$0'>G>-j2
:zy ^
'C 'Cs_{6s4z
speed = c
Displacement X
<=M&(G
334BL31O3H:F:47DO1O4%O<@7V38NN
4GD
HD14L34:4<o%:O,3N4EP>BN<634X=1F<3
G j|{ZM**%3 w T_,
&@/.@GF
LF
463P%O<+P144HD}!N<34O<=%:%:DO<=uO1
1EO444 1N41&<<
OA O143<H1
O< 4NON<
1HN= DQD }N18<43HD OE 1A O1Ny<4EO1
<F<E }14% 38D <F1314 !( 3P1
< HO<! * HNNN4 O1
34g 1
OO1 <1F\
E
38% }1F<
3=O 341F:O<F
343N4<N4@
(`
a;b_cd_e(fgjiLf1<cp<e(mNac,(f4f_kl6c_e;mNn_o
p
Amplitude
1
0.5
0
-0.5
-1
0
1
4
Time
Displacement
4
5 2
<=O&(0. 5
344AO4N<3a< O4238%O<4AO<13c1N4<=1F
447V83 NKO1EP3
<H4HD:4%<:5Tp=%
4O\ BO4&474N<3113 B44447><31<4@4!8<444D
N144O<4D4i%
G @Vp
'&(0&@/.F
%
Pj
+4
}P
}
P
ts
G7VTg PPP
'&(0&@0&
'&(0&@>=<
'&(0&@/F
4 1F
OA=}4E1<34& Nr4nON<3AN4O1<43
O<F
l1ONO4~
O* HN714D 47
O1
D OmD
44N4NF
7133B
D 8 3@3P% O
O<r41,<=
OOH:A P11 O48<43HD N<34O<H< 3(33x
O ,3B O 4
71E s 31:4N:M
~@4D <4NFD S PB 1A Ox
< N^
O<3
O* HN <:%O4B B P11
OO4
43H:1u
OHX 3PD 3
O* HNN <A O4
< D
4:D 43N3NF<X
3
"!r$#&%')(+*
(
"!r$#+,
-&/.*01%2.354
4OA1F<D3347DH1
k
'&(>=98<
kg >
'&(>=/.F
51=?>)@
L L} NMSg M
2
H%~634NH<D4Ns43P4=<4(38< / 7j1:
4
TL
M
POVU
DWOVU
PO
QO
'&(>=/F
Z F
'&(>=>C<
4OOSR
4OYX U
'&(>=>=<
^`_GabGc7de g f d i
a h"c7jk^
[]\
dldGmon/aGc`jkpGqh
G
z1
@1 la
P
[3
'&(>=}|F
'&(>=}F
4 ir
u 1Or
A = O4N1 413<1<4 O H3 NN1=DPFOr
rN4!PNO4< 8<4FcN3_1rO41 3O44D4<B3 4N
F N<4x 1Or3:rOE4rO7 H:N41OR %+4:ON1<
3B
B~ 47 <r
434A
!,44@N1r
O 1D
41 414<
\3
\3
V3
&(#&
N3
4N"rOXELrODO4%D4<\38%<rO71Nr4f43PN
&@>=%RF
g
U
Z3
Z
&@>=%<_
=
O"r1OH:4N
O4N
&@>=%8<
Q4A+O8134H+O14yr<(3 1N,N `rOH:O4<,N3(38`rO3 3
71H:<! 3B&N144O<Ar4xrD}<K3r3H1<:41y48<443N
4<<<4N1=44
Upp
V5
Ge4z@Ie
%5(Re
4
@
[
4AP4 :\43 fOr}<rOD41=gr:O<H:3rO,D-3rOO44r<34E
@E=O1H1,44:<1NP3 3cNs, 4=@H1 3; rP1O4rNsE
<=P:4<F7 1rO144rA<rF"rV3 r@1D4rOO4cB41<434Nr@
ND7=V83 N
+4=V33 N<r4<N3H141<48rrOr3r<44O4B4N<%E
gr:O<<r=OD14H
1 4,3P"rDFOr
"rO471E4LH1 4OoO
O4BNDOB\83 %4O<=grO4a4H3 :1ONFrrN4Lw3 rO,44
H rrOw3 rONBG:N#47i3 rOONF:,4lat Q
4q<_4!B,F1<1N
r<1r114Nr3a 1H:O4:=r
r!,r41O4SO1+<<187<X
:,4Nje
A18H:1<r14N!
\
vw;Sw
<
51=?>5
43
<.:E 43
&@>=% R.
G V
(3
T3
D4O:OBH1 E3<H:O< FF3814OAr4,EO4fO4
Q3Hr}N4rN11 & 8OrOsE 3N=<H:1=
O1s4Ar4+1NFrN
18<3o7
K87 M 7 _ G J _, J \
`G Jg9 J] \
Er~r
&@>=%&
&@>=%I=
`G J } J \ 6k 7 F
w9R
4
E4
E4
E
o W
Q
wrg
] K 6 6
G J] \ y y
y
6k ` G J] \ y 6
6k G J \
w9
w9|
w9
w9}8
[[
Z3
r
w9}8
I %
87 5
`G J J \
L
w9}88
w9}8
L
w9}8
1wg
w9}8`y
`G KJ KJ \
G J J \
8
g
7
8
8
w9}8
w9}8
w9}8|
$V
g
8
JJ
]|`
J
J
M
`
` J
J
w9}8
w9
w9w
|` ]
} k6 J J
]6k
M
ATAwgrg"]5=r5D
r'rgrrgE l` i7T
i "
i`r$o/
!#";$"%
w98
F
B2""gr
&('*),+=.-)/'10324052468796;::'*<=
A V)/ /r`>
=r 5 gg$/`gi`?wwM
"1
wV)gBr`Dy+rrgrT r"S="r3=iwl
r"
5"w=
)D 15rg`o@
? +`5w5
ggS/+ `y5r/`y
V5 Ge4 @Ie
% (Re
4
@
\
BA
DC
[*F
EC
)`gygy
`r iSwBgr
g/gg B
"rg =)B=
g"o
i
7=)rgG"E)
H=
A'B21rgg'D~V3i7T>=g5=-g"iD2I=g`yrg
D!Erg" iw gi` `")wg)wrgi``1"rD B/"";
g)riw
r
i2rg gB0gi`"rg0
"wB g
r g"W`)w% "rS/`
)"y N+ v
gwgoNTA N)r rg""Tgi`A Nrg=
g'r/i`
J
=i
r"wrg )`B wB wB io
Erg rgwg
g/?B
"r
wGi5h
"rgG"""wlrrS
D ?Swrgi`` K
k7g`
B=
$D 1L
=iw5=
i`wrg )`+ S"Gw=
igrg `
K )"VE
?!
gi`r"/ l"g
Mzk/7
+ ')`E lrgA gg
rA g" N
=ig)w
rg" i`g=
i7v
00V `"rw0i7w
A gr rk7M
E7
r/wT
Erg g5B rgV5 i`g1
+ 5o irgr1
1
i7TD 3S/`+
gB ri" wrgi``$wk`"Vc 2krr
krr"ygA grgi`lv
r g"E Sgryrg$D ow)"w ri`
wB
"r g"
Z
%+'Q
SR
Bk`5~Er
rgIT r/D1c r
w
rg B*W
T
YX
ZU
%=?VU
w9B
=r"
B 5"=
g
r g)A g")"ySEr r \[1S`w
rg "rgD?wigg ]
]^U` i_]`/Gr~grl`
X
Ur"Bgrgang"wrr"Si/
W W
]
(]
8>ab_a
] bebec
bdc
bec
wrg`U
]j]
a b
a bdc
w9
c wrg
W
] bebec
bdc
w9y
=i g5"rV
w9
a bml
Mb
w9
[on
M
] b bc
w9
h
f G
8 a b a bec
p@
grg 5ETi7
a bdc
] b
bc
]i
] b
bea c{z b
|
p@
bc
w9
Z
w9
Z b
Z b
p
U2G=ggwB")ww")PwwrgE
g=uEr3yw"5
`gk
"rg#
k
X
wrgE"irg5r=i gi`w W i`=DN
W 5rg
Ow b
] bebec
a bdc
bec
w9y8
?1/}
i7}y8B)rlgr=ir7Erg L=ir
wJ] bebdc ] b bdc
W
}
i`W}y8H`=g} i7E}Vo 0`71=1g`0`MgwgrV
bdc ] bebec
iBw`rkwDgw))`gxv `rg{
W
O b
Q8
p
U
b a
|
w9
r71gowrg`B
b
w9y
i`Z
} i`g }
B "rg5!gwrrEcEr
vg/v m
gogDgsErgB g9tk )D1w$gD
1
coG)5"grg
"`5t vtGv)gr"= cD] P[]B=r5S
V5 Ge4 @Ie
% (Re
4
@
\
BA
DC
[o
EC
}
i`}S)W `
M
#O
8
b
|
A
Q8)g
"%
wv*
w9
fg)wE/+g1$iw1Ai`+Nw/rE
wv8o
w9y
"yrgr`"=E]
w8
LSo"rg
w9|
rG"`_G)5"grn/5E51gwr$r`DS/"Gw
"r
m f=ir
#Srg)wrgw"A
8
w9
I % w
X
j
8
"rg
B`5 8
I
ri71`ggB
y=
I>X
g 1Erg)`g
I
8
O
w9}
1i/W1%g"k`gr2rgwwGErgt
`t
w
c "
[ D gW 1w#
BSRwrg)o5w1B
b
t
"%
/
g
b
i5DgBoS=w
BsH
w9}
8w Y
w9}8
1.5
1.75
1.25
1.5
1
1.25
0.75
1
0.75
0.5
0.5
0.25
0.25
0
20
10
40
30
10
20
30
0.25
50
40
50
-0.05
0.5
0.75
1.25
1.5
0.2
0.1
-0.1
10
20
30
40
50
10
20
30
40
50
10
20
30
40
50
10
20
30
40
50
10
20
30
40
50
10
20
30
40
50
-0.15
-0.1
-0.2
-0.2
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.1
20
10
30
40
50
-0.1
-0.1
-0.2
-0.2
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.1
10
20
30
40
50
-0.1
-0.1
-0.2
-0.2
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.1
10
20
30
40
50
-0.1
-0.1
-0.2
-0.2
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.1
10
20
30
40
50
-0.1
-0.1
-0.2
-0.2
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.1
10
20
30
40
50
-0.1
-0.1
-0.2
-0.2
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.1
10
20
30
40
50
10
20
30
40
50
-0.1
-0.1
-0.2
-0.2
rg1w9s
A SDC/B,,
\ E G
V.IY
C,YIH /SH
F
>/
W
[]B/g1gEwTgi/)w)"
W
5+"D`gg"B i`g="L?
rrg`Twgy i7=ErTl/`rgE"yrwrgog)$rg"k" b
^T b Sg1 i7=D?)g} i70E} B wwg
]
L r Erg
NGr~g"rgi=1lD?wgrSW wD
W T b s
L
b
W
^T
W
^T b
ZT
b WG
W
>
M
Z M
M Z
8 Z,T Mb
w9}
1"rg
W
Z,T Mb
w9}`y
HH
D;}
i`0}
w9}
kD
M
M
Z
Z
w9}
Z M ,
,
Z T Mb
Erg
w gy
w9}
r"GB~5
w9}|
#>6-,03&'1)/+=.-),'*052
M
F
w
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
1
0.5
1.5
2.5
rgw w
s KB riw"P" gB
"rErg";rQ=i)"=gi
Gi5Fg =gwrg)`5wgr;`gg~i"DT %
w
$
[?5
[BB "rg5
giD"
_4P
4 54
>5_4
J1.
?i`)5/`
wa
/`wB )`rgrg7 "r+g5 iw K
Z
Z
"rgEv
I
Z
^T. rv
v r
DZ,T9v
T. rv
E98
v r
^T.
_v
_v
#M "
LM
E
%$
\ [
&'&
,w
('
PAwHw5/wG
*)
C/
F
,+
.-0/21433658791:/<;>=7?1:@5873
BA
Z
R
E y
87 Z,T
R
Z
87 Z
R
Z
87 Z
E9
E
C
4C
~v
T
87
<CY I C
~DC <CE <CEk
87
R
T
yTv
ZT
jT
87
FA'kw
Mz1 `y
E9
Z T
,
Z
Z
Z
Z
E}|
E}
gl"5g `os
SwSM
ww
FK\
FC
r`"lg1/EV
"Ww`Ew"g
IC
CHG#C
J LK M
C G LC
ww
~"
CHG J LK M C
ww8
J LK3P
ww
?
C
PRQTS
PRQVU
PRQVW
4O
s
?i7A
Kngw/rSEl""rlwrgi``o+"ri")wrgE
gioS/E
K"rggSB
YX
[N
%$
\ [
&'&
,w
('
PAwHw5/wG
C/
F
0.014
0.012
0.01
0.008
0.006
0.004
0.002
10
20
30
40
0.012
0.01
0.008
0.006
0.004
0.002
10
20
30
40
0.014
0.012
0.01
0.008
0.006
0.004
0.002
10
20
30
40
0.002
amplitude
amplitude
amplitude
amplitude
0.002
-0.002
-0.002
100
200
300
milliseconds
milliseconds
rg}|s~{/s
400
500
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
milliseconds
milliseconds
rg"
F][
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
2.5
rg
7.5
10
15
12.5
PRQ!P
Z
g_TwA
$T
^T.
J
wi7l
W
;[
;
PRQVa
`gg
QT
T.
P?
QT
E
g
G
4b
dc
b b
cc
cc
w
fe
Z e
Z
M
PRQVg
M c
cc
h i jlk monqp r
s j t
y
z
u i nwvxp>t
{
8_
|`~} |
_
B
_I
o_V<~f9DZ~V:99D: D9
e c
VV
_9 B 7L
:" 9: o L~ *9 =Yg Y9 9 H :~Y9 6
9D
e
V[
:
V f
c
AB ] 9 V =Y: 9 =Yg ~ D9ZD R " ~9:h Yg
V
!
V9
V f
c
Y\9ZD
L _9c 1
:q <~o A Ly _ 9 =L f/
<D 9DcD:L _V9
% 92 0 G 9 _2" .9D ~ 99
4
V 9
c Dg
A ^A ^~:V~Z~ V9B D9 o \D LDV m w<% LV9 % fc l V~6 w
~ ~ S f2N % D) c < _V
D L :6 \: D9 1
%
LE " " ~9:K D YL 9~D 9 ~9B w9 N DV 9Q
~
?
5?
*
[
D N4ZLfHDNf
~9~D92oD:Vo i D9Y9:9?'_V99g~^L :V9:,
9Y~Lq<~c#
V f
D c c# D
l_V:E,D_
3365T~5/5T4 <D9V L N D9
) 9: 9 =
DRiY
DL
V f
DB>9DK 9_2 8D:Lw +\)V M DB oL: " ~9:V~
_9
+9 ""~0D':L_~YL : _L f:L D No
N+ L
o _+ ;YD f991 \: 4 ` T L~1 _D _
%L ! % !
GV 2
GV 2
7
%L [ L !
GV 2[
GV 2 f
] %
P
7 !
9w
GV 2/
% !
c Q
7 %L !
GV 2
8c [ Y7 L
$^[
D9B A DV o" D fg~
a D9B E %9$ \ D9 9
:9 L~B 9` ` 9 N D9
: D9 _" >c%B 9 _2 8D:L w 6 D
%
92 V D9 L: ' ` DL5 :,c _ V :25
GV 2 f
c Ydc
GV 2
c
Y\9Z9D
:L`
GV 2
f
[ V
Y\9Z
:L
o ] w<% L9D
GV 2
f
` ` > f4HO L~~ o9~g x DV 2 2 A " V ocA H
~ =L f a:_9 B :A 9H~ 1L` B :62~9 _V A :9V
D Dc cB V ~ =L f) O L9VLD L 2
: ' V~6 w
A D ~ 9` ` 9 N D9 o o ,A 9B l~: w9DDo ~" fV
x Y9 " ~VE _1 <D R L B i 9~D_9 9DZ4
_V
)V ` H ~g D D:9VE H M:~` ~LD9 ' 5L f Y4 LE ZD
B _ 9 N DV
Fn
K
q=
_
r
=/
N
N
S
N
[ E
y@
S=
#
#
x?
E?
9
! NN $ N
>w9 NDV :59
DY9 69+9E" VVD
y ~ YL " V~E:g29:9VVQNo 9>D9BxY4 L
L6
\:VB Lf: 9D,59:V9~,
AE /
3 , H
E
F
m[
=
D?
D9
GV [
c
B_~:V~ L~:: D9rY:_9H996 L` L
Vo^RBf99EZD L~::K a 9 V ="'A *::L9:
9f9:R D9D99BDLO T:~ZDLND9~ _2 YL "\$L
fD999 $~ _VD,/O
9 _2 8D:L w\q g~o
D9D lBELf:2dVN~: \: < ^
9~9B " V~6 <D 9
D:9DV '
em
y
WD
o LD WD#D
o LD D Q7 :D
GV[N
GV [[
[ M
q=
`}
/=
$
Z
8_
H 0 |
\
]
B~_^ a`cb
DN4ZLfHDNf
edf^
_G
L9
TD~EDLND9~fh_V~1L`D: +~ji::
k DK\b 9
9
T:E:9l2"f
q k[rkV
b n mm n mfL h_9 pc6o
g =
E
$
v6w m
v6w vxw D
q kr
[ kq
~
v6w
q kr
b m
[ k f
b m m
vxw v6w :
q kr
[ kE
f
m m m
q kr
[ kf
m m m h_f4
q kr
[ kf
[
m
q k
[ k2
[4
9
v6w v6w D
q k
m
[ k2
v6w b
q k
m
[ k2[
A DV
E 99 < sL~B 9 fh_ <+ h: ~i~V h_B L
= F9 s
=L9 sD9:D:9DV 'D 0 h
:O s~o c kO l f LDL Sl4
9
_ V: s f H N` SL V9:V9~6V oBb k sLE 9" ~D hL
s:,V :\ DV B X
D9 B h`O iD%VVLHVN~:h ,X s1:V Sl j
s~j ~
f V \b k
?
q=
) &0 % !
9I 4 q k[rkV[:VB_f _9DAR% '+09Y:6V ~279VhJ
A =Lf/99 DVD9FA , v w
h_AX D9FD
L9:j lfZOk :V~DZ9g
:)~"Y o}i::0~D: D
9 ~_2c D: E
DB h s< fc B Hj <~' f v6 k :2 ?h :9_9DB9 ,DD L
D9
B ~~ < v6w x k 9B l , s<: f V9~6V D9`
9ZL~6 D ^ 9+ 9 l ,:4 LO kIhZ ~$ h V g :<:~6:V Sl
| sD b ZD + LDD 9ZB _ ~i f DV
b
q k
vxw
[ k2 f
?L SlZ9X
D9 ! D9
q k[ k2[H ~j i: :X D9 2 )<7 9 h4
b mO l0
q k
[ k2
h_Vx
9 h7\D\9
g h\D9= \9LX lV D j l 9V hE
D 9 Y:6
>z
s9 k A 9 :9~9D ! DV q k[ kV
[B sL~~A 9V9 DV >D 1 s:,
l:V4 : s:" fD! k X s^9" =9` Ll L~:z s9E _A VD:" f9
/
~D L~:' VE ZD s:L9E ~ DX s9 ~} sD ~D LZ B ~ Sl :6 :z l
2 Ls9 ~j sHD ^~D LDV o` < U h_ :9H 9 ? 9V k
D
B
,B
]
I^p]
o+<lh_V9 rl"zFAB9~jsh_D
9~,cD'Dh\:oAL g`~Ms9D=
9 l:o~ Lh$DH~:>=,f/LXlf:LsfHB, <f94
D2"0D1h 96D:DSloL 9Ek!^H?i:LOLas\ /s:~=L
s A 9m
Y9 9 ? 9 L~eh_D Ds9~: h:L%9o
T: B rlz
AB9 ~j s` D !h:L:G9~"oggDDfD9~0\9s BLBmY 5
~ /s l 9j l: YL 96D uL L~E O sSsLz s9DVB L99
%B , <
:L~ f: W
f kdB GY r l zAL } sVB OL asV^
LD" " D
f mT:6_D h%~ FLX lfD9:V DV Y9 E _D9~\9 ;9 f H<+
~ ln
9: 9 D V9:+ *D: s9 V L:L9 Sl'D Sl V:B sD~ f
~2 \X D9%
LH6': :2:F4 k
l: zABL } sV lzl:E L _4R ~:~L f/ V~ sLz l9 RD h l:Z h\D9
Y9
xa L L~O k*Z /sV D h\ ~ lD9
:~
9E %:~L
s%
9 sD9>
D:V %9
VX kyo Z:9~ o O s<H ~iT L 1 LH992 9 %D h
: s9z s? lfDV k
Dg f SlE 9%V:~ l f :9 =_ D ~YV h7 g =L$ ~ l 1h_
a h s<~
,9V9V ~LD LE h_VoX sN
9V h_Vr + \~ L
%` h_V
h
ZG L L~H 9~~2~" :D 9 ) X s9 kI } l 9 q kV hH:H h
>L~9:!
sD9=
h_V.:D9~> l:
} lf9~:9~VX D 9 A
9
h_D7 T A k f f s~ h_A 9Z 9 f9 V LB V 92 s<D 9
y
DN4ZLfHDNf
&0 % !
,B
9 q k[N
s4A ~iV9`L D:~<9+
6'+9
sDLk
jl
G
da
dl
I
~9Y9f 9zi:X~L 9l9:DV~~f}l 9 q kf
m
q kkf
v6
vr
q kk
Aem/Bf h_~Lf9Xl9:\BD9 f%L~sD9kALE VA
DOl9Sl?_f9Xl9:fD:L f k8
yo~>5D9~2 9A 1
sL:9DH9_
sD9o 9 Sl hf s fc `
DN4ZLfHDNf
Q
1
..
Q
2
Q
. .
_
Q
P
_2
2
_
Q
C
2
P
1
j l 9 q k8"
9~ :VSlZsD9 ~~9Sl%hs | jVX
;Y:_f:~sD9f ? k
sD9k }l 9 q kLh H+9
r+h_~w~63
j \ h| 1 s 9 _
kX Lr H:L f L~9~D9}l:Sl:XlfFh| T:~D
q kkf
vx vx vr vr
%
Z?
L\9~g X gL _ :V: f: s9 ~~ L%D Sl% LX l f HV
~V f vx ` \ Sl" 99
g :ND j 9z sO : T:~ :9U sD:V~ k
V:LV
:V Sl9 sD
V ~" " fZ} s~ s :9
O k~L YL
vx k h
:
vx vx S
q kkE
h=Y_` 1 sD
vx L= vx L=
q kkf
9 Y:9
vx U vx vx
q kkf
O
LB :2S '~~ L_9U s? 9 9 ~ h~ hZj 9z sO : T:~ : l
f h9
r
s4S , <H 9 O k! h 9 h4
q kk2
vr vx
f
> E
E ,
6 JUY
86
#! <
#? a #J T )Yf ($/&zNL) PLF
u : L
D
"!$#%'&(*)+-,!$%'&/.0.1!2%'34(5%'&768%'9;:1:=<>34?@(BAC3
"h%92~Ol`SlO8fD:9f\9lEDh\O~/sV9~V:gV9:LOkh6~"
6 8B~9~B_~O9_h_V9}BLXlV L9 S :L9Xs:D9SlHh%j<~9"f
~k h699VXDH Oi:X|s<s~s<" D9Ff
T:l9
~9 9 V s:,3 D 9%V H fX l:: Sl" 9:99 f
T: sD~ fL O k
L L 9~9 9D1 4% Sl: f: /s " f3 L
~ 9 ~
. G FIHJLKGM>J1FONPHQ=
q kk2
h_9_U
S99j s3 S RHL Y9 s:L9 : 9+ <9 < :,z k"j B} B VD:" f
9
Sl9D9H~6
q kk2
.
R
, <1
:g :9 < :,z k
hM ? l 9 s9~ SlH DL l Sl9 l: 9z i: s < O 9 h
} l 9 q k q kUT ` V
T :L%9 Sl:X D B ~V ~ F9 Sg} 9V o~O 9~T Y9
:9 l: F < :, 9 f 2F+ B Sl" fD^ /s " f3
D\ 9 WT 9 WT h_j D
8 h+ ^L Y9:9 k :92 ~ 19 h
D0 %\O L\D 9 ~9~ : SlV+ " ~ LX :\ SlVD L 9 k
9962/
s<~O i Sl9H
HD l fj SD lf:
k9Z:L j 9 f 2VX
~ 4"
2V S ~" h_? sSs9 N D9 :9D:V 9V hD:LD9
4~L:Q
s9z s~, L~D2Z9 h~V SlDD 099:9D k^) < s9~} L
h
~9o S9V~ DLd~ V9 + ; VJ h\:X D9 Lk* g
D h h_V lH9 ` LX V GL h` h X29V VZ
9 9 6 Sl
<~69D
h_D hD99DV:j i Sl :9 s` h 9 Y:6 lYD9 ~6 SlD
y
DN4ZLfHDNf
GZ
^
n
ray path
9
jl
q kq
dl
H~6LSY hk
D
%
\[
V:LV
Y9~6>9S299~_shXh
: k^}l L q kY
6,
_
_ut
q kk2
^;xJ y f>hGjlk{znolqsr k{zv
_
_ut
q kk2 q
^e| g f>hGj}k{~Oolqsr kn~Ov
g
f : 9~ 9D; ^e_N c ^ex? LR ` " h <BHD^::99Is
h
:X
L%a n Y9X " O k1 h o:9 YH9/ s9X L f
:9z _9 < :, h L:
^e_
q kk2
^;xJ^e|
f
ol
C !T YNL 6J
W
!
E 8
T6#
E
T 6 <6
y1
]5
DN4ZLfHDNf
9 WTdx 9 WTd|k!
bVE
vx
ssL'>>
q kk
hW=
jWO=SOOXUsaLa=dsI=dO8aOaOOaIaSlL/OkOSl
a
L@daL/=dIhWLsd=LssLIdlaL|h2sa
vx
GLd/+
a v
q kkuR
LL=LIhWL=
@w
y
w
>
y
n n v
n n v
u
m@
u
/IdOIssLIasIOX
q kk
I aOO
mV
q kk
q kk q
GLlLISl}1ssa13lX
w
m@
y
mV
q kk
D;
L/OX
l aLW
h LOf
sa/a)a
i l38
/IdLOaOOd=
mV
q kkE
a
ISl/~sOLOD;Li>lLO
n n ~>IOh2Ls
n n m
mV
OsaIh$cSdacs v6
n n v
n n
q kky
q kky
v6 v6$
I@/L LO
Bi
v6w
BO
vxw
LsWIddSWdOLrWs/Li>DLaOWIIX
Ls8OdII
I
ddS=LE aLOG
} LsL r@ad~sd=LOa2X
s*LOO
|
O j*dd d
}aOl =d
/LaL}
jdaSLa@aIaLr
B
s*ILr*a$IaUd1X!OsL=IIa2a$IO
saOL
I| dS1 ad d}
caOl =d/O OI
d=OdL}5
ad=
a@LLa=UL8@5LWI
$?
saIaD
=S =ID*
Iaa= D
aIdO IO@d=LL
>d
B
s Idd= LOSS1LaOOL
Oa=LsW8dOO'sIaI
BO
Ls
! " !
da=I==L=IEdsa}
#sLOSa%$S1dO=d=XWL
B+
VL@s?/
'&
L=D*L
/
L/=*)aasa# LO
Lj
D>a=I
,.-0/21436587:9<;=7>/2? 3.-450@07>?
CED
FHGJI
M IONPB
L
Y[Z
\']
QSR
MUT
`_
IVC'F M QXW
acbcedfhg
dg
ijdlknmodlk
tzs
aLs|{D
.ugO) O>WO>lLO^Ls
^~}
{ | ^
cdalLS}OIILL=I|O
dIlLId=qsdLOcD2Od
OX;Ls
=dLUILIaaOXD^
O2as=OOa`{s^
{ID =OLdU^a
{s^
{{D td=A IcL7>lLO
/L5ajaOId'2`'IOIlOdz
?=dA O5SaadOL
;j BaOI=
L8=aOd
t==a5# LOSII
=dA aL G D
daOIeOa=SO
aId
a@sIV Xa w > s
"
LsaD={D'Is
sLIa
SLad=S
a=>d
>
D
,.-0/21436587;=72,.-2-@e07/036@0
dW
W
Ia
5Oafiad/qs=IddqsLIa+e sI
=
{ | _
} v.
}c`'ILd>lLOa
>
a'dcd IsX
>
^ e
^~}^$
{ | ^~}^{ |
v
;@^~}^$
{ | {|>^~}^{|
;
^
} ^hB
>
U6<[rH."<V666[#"Ul6#n"< 6#
n"6
i
Z
0 *l88
c
{|
{|>^~}^{|
>
v. A
LdIIOIcadWaLS
i
}OL'OLdI2DeD'R
LcsaaaaL= j
O<saI'dX>
jaOd4
acdaad1LdELa
ia=OLdaLa
x d=IL=LasdaWIdL=@sa13 O
:qs1OLdaLaaIWDe LO
={D
LO==dWLdd
dl8@I'O@L=
D;Li>
{|>^~}^{|
>
Ida daOLs^ a
{|>^addLOalLI+L=Ldjqsd
cWDI}jLsIOopGda
=
}L
>a
>
[
;^V}^hB
aILO
s O?pGL=L
dad
OWaaDn{D
Od 2aaeIad=Lard=A/aLDLX$dS}1LdO
daOI $=d
"
O
LcaS =LOaI
aXWL
ia= I/aLIa
^:
{s^
cdsf>LdaOd
}
{t>
{D
tL@d%Od
uP
d=A aLi>=IE3a=aLOaa /S1
cda
d=ASaaOS>cad p |dd>aaOaSUdLa
andOesI
p SLd>a
j a
"
"6>a
ShsIOVpGL=LLdLaOLOL sI %x d j
dasLaO
sLIa
CO
e LO
>aL`'OOIlI=E d
d=A
a
Oaf
>ar
0r6"r66"
,.-0/21436587;=72,.-2-@e07/036@0
tIia
ld= a`
>lLO
Lj
IesI
R 8 O=d;dO
3
O58zIOL:qsS=dn>=I Oaj2sa1UUaI+L8a
>lLO
OdELLd
qs=IV}a=dOId
e
sLO
=d>=LOajLsaLd
==X8
sOLdaLaIaO I
pGVL=
>
v
{t
>
tOOaOaAL
Oj$aIL=L# LOWaOI=OLO )
Y
ldWdfhg
SI=@
d==C
id
D8sL
LOd
=I OI
OdaSLa aX=dQL8daasaI8O
$=aL}}aOOdLaO=LO
u I!
=@ LlaVLj
daSOdLcOD=
LOd
dm
*ed#fg
x = @aVL)ah{D =S}/+U@1
=OGd
L$Od
aaLaOOIaacd}d dOOO dsasad p I=WaI
D=j=aLI2qsOGd
Od
L=LII
LOda7>
=I=OLaOOaaaeIL=Le=:{D
L}sa Xd=|
Ida*dLS
t
d=XLa
OI}dS}WI=IBLd$I]a
pGddIas?+B/dS1a2dO=OG5a1L
d=S>=LOS Ia}aL
%
ia=@aaOdIL=/lL DOSX x =a
x
>
0}
0}e
Z W
O
/d=>lLO
a
=
a}XcIasa
ia=da
I
Lc= +OSaaX
b}b
e
aOdIL=
R R
:}
a
b}b
uPdOX=d>=ISd.L IO@O
i
>/a
=dj 8 =ad
O} I>jdOD=Oa XWLLca=IdaI1 =I
I acjI@/DeL/d=T>lLOSWILhesI
Od2OLLIacOXaI8jLalLO dIa$s)cL=I;OIje=I
L OSOz aLOdL
}8 Ls adaI
LSS *
dOLD Vd`>=I O
>
OL
S
iad
}
R
>
,.-0/21436587;=72,.-2-@e07/036@0
GZ
I=aWI/dIsI:}?
^
{
v
>
R v
OsaI;SOSdIDLS=O;>=IL=IIaS@LSLOIL=LLIa
s
^
R
{
i
R
i
Illu85dda
sLIaOcaOLdaLa
s .u aa L=@=d1LOc
sLIaILdI/a@aOLad=O>=I S=ads5 dW=I=ad=
/I)ad
L|qssa1LI=/ddI>lLIa
Oaj=
a za
=OOaI
L_
idL dIL=X1L= O L= VIda# LO
j ssaOXL
/Sl
saaOda d1=Ls
]) OC d>lLO ^
bG
r
d=.
O
=
dj I
dO= t Lasa1T
>acILO d=S
LOLO
Ls /s )df@sa:62[*
r"! aaSLal5aI*D I IOc=a@=sIOIaLI
>4
esI
R O
aOq
> Le
sa=D
z
IO8aaI
I
aIIS
+
e c
sLIa
r
d
>a/IL=LISadWL/ddaOiad/b% O
=L==LO'&^
>a
r i
}R(
O
esLO
Z W
\[
x
R
(x,z)
z
point scatterer
diffraction hyperbola
t=2R/c
O-, $.
zero-offset section
migrated image
=L
LO2/==LO
s IOOLIa3/@
IL5/da
=Id4/
Lc1/OOI@sLOdIaOdLOLcd6
/==I
O
IHKJ@
ED oF DG F
F>L
7
^
=
79PRQ
_CS
MD oNF DG F
v
J@
, CB
F=L
[
T U=V XW Y V XW Z\
V
, C B
s/
B `_Racbed
dN/gf
ih
{Nj bkml H
kml
j nb d
p orq (
0Ns
, CB
=<f5/58tO= d?tSLvu6/UtLI5tU$tt'8aUtUNt@LdL
/==INt
u t8d=dOadUI INt
F 8 dda:/;LI5t@W1t5tsd
x w F F
yw F
a OI
;1
t@/=c^
/=dN
tL= 5 t:/O'Ls /
t=
s a )al3 /IN
,.-0/21436587;=72,.-2-@e07/036@0
cz
.O;L1/A;>a{;>UsIOOLLIttUtL==L=@/|/5t8aINt8a
LON
t d1?/ @I 8)Nt =ad
t /5
t @dL}/ dlLI
t ~/
;c
/ // OI5
t
a= t5
t d 21/ SOae)X
t LS=I dOGaL
/
t d d~
t q
t L
aE*
; 3
/ a=I;j
LalLIE
t = x 1t 0/ IN
t @L
/ d1a=d
t
B
LE
t
t L=La{/
/ esLONt
, e
t dN/ c@aI
/ ELa
t =5
t
sO?C
ILONt /$/ IN
t qs(
t OSad=LLLt/ O*/
t aIN
t
a=IN
t =ael?
t t dNt]/ (
t c=I dGV=;dda:/ S2
; L?/ ?
t d
; L
O*G-i; alL dN/gf
t L/=OOae
; /sL
?t L ?/ddhE/@ta=Nt:/Lt'/
s OO;>V:/1tdLII=d
{//1tLIaI/]t/$LdIad5t</LaOLLLadI<^h OLL=LO
a=dL=O=L=E5tL/sa1LOdIadOE
u 798
, C B 8
u2
x w F F
w F F
s ds ?t@
s ;>]t=INtaOI';>aIdO=OG
= sa:t/$Li/La'Lt:/5t@h/
dO IO5 /=:
//WL5 /d5 t^
/==LON
tN
ts/OO
{G 5 tad> /I
t4;>Ia
7
Y@
x
f
{< g
0
m
ogedfhgok
^;>=c/sa==1t@;>:tlLIt:/;>LdIL8sINt
3
W i F
s
aa
Mb
P1 W
7
W i F
s
t1/dlLd
;;L s
q >/=)t
I1t:/INt]/d d
ED
, CB
b
P W l
B t
7J} v
W i F
s
, v
5/d=.{La=(t)a=~;>:tlLONt
aa
> F
i F
{ j
h}
B h
=h}
} }
>
s}
w
B h
} v.
7
F
h} }
> F
, ,
2r{:] X(8i2]]
t?/dlLOad
t
xw
B (t
;>
I1
t]/I
t:/d d
8 s
=I//d
52
/ </d;>:tlLONt
78;>
xw
w
saLd ;
/ct?/sa 8
INt;>L H8
dOOVsINtt sINt I>/ #q:t
L@/IINtL8
=IL'# LONt OL@at/a=a
+Bi
i F F D
> F F D
7} v
>
s
s
/ s5;eL=a^ta:tsaI?/85taOad
]/8d1tENtNt
}
t E]/t@;ia=^/=OaOO/1 =I qt^7
}
t7 8 ds
} v
7
78L^/IINt(;e/# LONtE5/
Ls8l= dv
<P W o
W o [
$P
/=OL;>]t=INtNts(/5t]%s?tda:t4798
8/
8LdIL
sLOdIa*OdW
;
t d1
tSN
t
:
ts@d
tOIN
t]/LsA
/d=5 ;
M
aIdaUaI= pct(
t=a1
tasi
t / tsv
;>d
/sd
d?
t
;>:
t=LON
t;>L
dOaOL
sIN
t /
LSH
;>
/
P W o
F
&
F
'#q:t
P Q W o
[
7
LLOGa5t=1t;>:t=LONtVLatd6;>
P1 W o
B `_
P Q W o
P &\
%sI=8Lt:/
=
7 } 5/LWdLOaLO= d?tSLI/d8t@:/dINt@t 8
s//8qts
;5L%
/d1
t;>:
t=LON
t:/ Q
7
s ;> tELIa5 t
> F
F
}
} INt(;21 /5 /a]
/La5
t IN
t@ /'
tL a]
/Ls a*s (t
Q
i
2
s
s
,.-0/21436587;=72,.-2-@e07/036@0
L
t:t=I=u/=Nt:/LtdO=OG
ILONt$;> :/8 B /d1t-;>:t=INtOa1t n /OS1t
) a
LOLd=L`/==LONtLs8O)X/O*
+BO
L/a
5/W1/OW5/;L?t
dLONt4LsI:/
xw F
7}
kl
{ a
yw F
_
s h}
}'
s orq (
s
xw F
dN/gf
{Nj q kml
B ih
xw F
^h
w
s
;>:t=LONt
?t
;>
B
ED4a{
WX qE [
D0
:
t
=
/
>
;
/
s
)
L
LLOa5tU
s1/O/
L
aO tL/c/ LLI@1/>/ONttd=d/Ea5;dOL
dLa
a
u /8dd;>WtsaLI2;>:t=INt]/ + =
(tsaOIl= d Ot(t
Nt$/II8dON/=dNtLa La
) ?tE5t/OOa</?t:/ p;/tS5ttdO2
@L1t
u [
}
u:
B _
B _
u [
R
u}
5 tda ?
tV5 /tdLOa
;;L/5 tIdL==
>r6i51[p.<`l"e"
"g
_
x>
?c
r.6x3g6A"r3g1":U6r6"#El" =
"e.#@\={?=|R
<66e<< r#e["=6 1>
=>
2r{:] X(8i2]]
at</dct
+B
.
aa1t=:/SdI$LLOGa5t
5tdL5tL
t
x F
7
xw
^
h
/LaI:/ad=/t
/d?t;>:t=INt
B(
=1t;>:tlLItaONt@I5t/;>OI
=
x
5/8#OaO1tWLI5t/d/t
B
~H
aa5tdC
(tas(t
t
/d
=?;>a5t(tt4qtOa
~H
@/OEdl8sS/W$;>:tlLIttOS;m7'
u:}u
s
t
s 78ad /s
}/5;
h
tH
7 B h1 h}
s
F
F
5t ='L/st(;eaaO1/ 79u }u x
1t
7
HK
7^ [
t
L0
;>:t=LONt
tclaIsLd
+B
?/
x F
{
{
aIadIt/
L
{
{
H
{gu
+BO
t
Ls
t]tdOd#u/sIOVILONt';>I/
dL4/dlLONt7
{ a
kml
_ a bd
i F
B ^h
7
s
Ns
=7
}
~H
H
u}u kml /WL0/La)a=st5tL
} ~
yw
w
/d`
/dlLI
tE5 /1LI
tsa
=N/gf
_acbed
{j b kml j Cb d
p o]q (
[
Ns
,.-0/21436587;=72,.-2-@e07/036@0
FHGJI
M IONPB
L
CED
QSR
IVC'F M QXW
MUT
oW
GJI
M QXW
IO=tI 8)t8
a=u/ed/1LI2Ia5tWdNtOLONtt/ seL5/e5/
tdI1tqs=It
=Lat
L/L=dqs=I
$(/IIO:/Ld5tOIa
IL=Ia
=
tN/
/?tE
>
B 6_
F
F>L
F
F>L
>
>
/WqsLd=s/5/5tL/st4GOIOL='tsLc(;e^/L=5thqdI
7
l P &\
F
>
p;/L
8 CB
p6[<ee.<"["6U
[x:##r."r=#`6' "!(
"#<="O6.<+3#
DDDD D D D D
xs
r
x . *KJ'*1t)*($31
%$ '&)(* ,+'-x/. *0$5t)1$32)*1t54hq6*7328(*%6*1 43/:9O<;>=9'&:t)26;?(@BAC;?4/9ED:*F2)* G4 .IH /
9'=:/*(MLE;N4O$P9t 9'$5tQ4R$5//S H
+8
O
VU
5W YX [Z
\. ;j. L'** (* ]$/^4 . *_4O(;`LE*7a4O$3D:* ;b(9'Dc4 . */9'&)(1*d4O9e4 . *V9']= /*(ML?;?4O$39Ntgfh9'$5t54iS H pct 4 . $/i1;/* \ *
k S?l+7 BNmI+ n _po L
k L lM
k S Fq
F>L >l P sr tvu xw [
k H8 H l
x/. $5/ . ;/4 . *0;b9'(Dy9;z
; 69'&)($P*({4O(; t:/>;b9E(Dc; t)2g;ED|9':& t54 /}4O9e* L?;E7P&6;N4O$ t~J|4 . $* /1;?44*(*2oq6*732
;?4};|4$PD|* H p; \ *]1N9 t54$ tQ&)*_;?7PN9 t)Jd4 . 1* /*7P5$ t)1* /{; t~20:& /*]4 . * s / ;?f)f)(l9 G$PD:;?4$PN9 t;b9'(R4 . *
/1;?44*(*2q)*7P2Y~4 . ?
* t \ * . ;jL'*
k S?+l 7 Bmn n
_ o L
k L >l P vr t tu w tu w,w [
k H8 Hv l
&~44 . $ /$ t54O*J'(O;E755$ /6]
& /4%;}2)*734; ;b:& t)1 4O$P9 tI?=); t)42 7P$PD|$34*2i=5@4 . *zf)(1* /?* t)1*/(9 ; H ?* t)9E4O5$ t)JR4 . 5$ /
=5@a~; t~2$P2)?* t54O5$ ;@[5$ t)J]4 . *(;?4O$390 ; /
4 . *^(* %6*1 4O$3N9 t19[?* |1$P1* t54 \ * . ;jL'*4 . v* ;b:& t~26;ED|1* t54;E7
(?* /&)7,4
k S?{l 7 k SElM k }
[l [
k H 8 H l
x/. *F$ t54O*(f)(*4O;?4O$3N
9 t9 ;}4 . $ /d* Gf)(?* //$3N9 t85$ /V17P*;E( - $,4V$ /t)9 t4*(9 N9 t)7,@ \ . *(*4 . *(* %6*1 4O$3N9 t
19[*?|1$P*1t54$/It)9Nt4*(9)h;t)2K4 . *1t09Nt)73@ \ . *1t
Hx/. *]7;/M4 $/{=h*1j;E&]/*9(;4 . *]=6;t)20
7P$3D:$,4O*2 t6;?4O&~(*9 ;4 . *2)*734; ;b:& t)1 4O$3N9 t H x/. *f*j;EL?;E73&)*]1*(M4;E5$ t)73@e9[11&)( / \ . 1* t 2 7
e(; t)2
$//JE$3L'*?tK=5@
k H 8 H ,5l
"Qk S?{l 7 BN+ m k S?l _ o L
k L l
9'(
"Qk SEl{7 BN+ m k SEl.}(*;|9;q6734*( [
k H8 H l
}9 \ \ *}1
; t:f~(*41* t)2 \ *{ t)9 \ n
; t)2 N5=~&~4 . 9 \ 2)9 \ *{J'* 4z4 . * /1;?44*(*2 q6*7P2:;?42)*f~4 .
x/. *; t:/ \ *(}$ / - :
& /$ t)J (*?* t`;b:& t)1 4O$3N9 t:/ H * \ $P737f)(9[1**205$ tKD&)1 . 4 . * /;ED:* \ ;`@K; /R5$ tK4 . *
f)(*1**2)5$ t)J1 . ;Ef~4*([* G1*f~4z4 . ;NA4 t~9 \B\ *R4;?E*R* Gf)73$P1$,4;E119':& t54
9 ;4 . * ;;E1 4z4 . ;?4a4 . */L'*739G1$34@
$/it~9E4i19t:/4O;t54 H >* \ $37P72)*1t)9?4O*_4 . *V4(&)* \ ;jL'*?/f**2=5@ k q l$34 \ $P7P7=*:;(//&~D:*2g4 . ;?4
$ /X
t~9 \ t;E=9LE*_4 . *V(?* %6*14O9E( H >* \ $P737%$ t54(9[2)&)1*_; M=6;E1Q J'(9E:& t)2 \ ;jLE1* /f**2 h k q l \ . $P1 .
$/];E75/94t)9Nt)19Nt:/4O;t54j=~&~4d;/>/&)D|*2>4O90=*|Xt~9 \ t;(t)2*[&);E7z49 ;E=9`L'*|4 . *:(*?%)*149'( Hz @
2)* qt54O$P9 tI)4 . *i49E4;E7 q6*732F` /O;?4$ /q61* /R4 . * \ ;jL'**Q&6;?4$PN9 t \ $34 . -
V H L ~ l {l 7 }} } l l
k q{Fq
kq q
k H 8 Hv l
\ . *(*j(; /{4 . * $ t)1$P2)?* t54 %q6*73@2 /O;?4$ /<q)1* /R4 . * \ ;`LE*]*Q&6;?4O$3N9 t \ $34 . 4 . *=6;E1QJ'(9':& t)2 \ ;jL'?* /f**2
bV H L l +l 7J}} } l l [
k q{Fq
kq q
k H 8 Hv l
h
69'(_4 . $ / . @[fh9E4 . *4$P1;E7/* Gf*($3D:?* t54
*F1j; tD;?E*e4 . @* /9'&)(1* . ;?4O* L'*( * ; t54j /9 * u7P7
D:;EE*|$34;F2)*7,46; E;b:& t)14$PN9 t H x/. 5$ /$ / \ \ $34 . 9'&~47P9 //9 ;J'?* t)*(;E7P$,4@ \ /5$ t)1* \ *:1\ ; t}\ /Mr@ t54 . 1* /$P\ *; t
;E(=)$34(O;E(M@ /9E&)(1*=5@@ /&)fh*(fN9 /$,4O$3N9 t H
T
,-/103.57 ;=72,.-2-
@re07>/03.@0 6587 @0
T
k H 8 H,+'+ l
q
/9V4 . ;?4
& + } + [
k H 8 H,+B l
h
h
tG5$ t)1^
* h7 ;E=9`L'*i4 . *i(?* %)*149'(>$ /*(9|$ t 4 . $ /(*JE$PN9 t H . *(*j; /{5$ /t)N9 t)*(9V=*739 \ 4 . *
(* %6*1 4O9'( H pc tF4*(D /R9 ;%
~4 . **Q&6;?4$PN9 t;b9'(4 . ^* /1j;N44O*(*2 q6*7P2F1j; tF=h* \ ($344O1* t H L
{l 7J} L
l [
k {q Fq F=L
k {q Fq F>L
k H 8 H,+ l
h
h
pct
}}
k S
l H _` k {q F S F>L l L h k {q Fq
F>L l o[
Fq F>L
l { k {q F S F=L l } S l {6h
k {q Fq
F>L l
7
k q{Fq F>L
k q{F F>L
_
o[
{
{
k H 8 H,+ v l
k H 8 H,+ l
T
S0
DDDD D D D D
xs
r
S00
*4
. $P1 . $5/
=h*^4 . *i:& t)$3N9 te9 ; G4 . *26;?4O;_(*19'(2~$ t)J /&)(>;;E1* k u07985l;t~2;
/&)(>;;?1*
D|9[9E 4 . 7,@9E$t)*249 T =)T &G4 \ . $P1 . (*1*2)*?/}49|$5t2qt)$,4@$5t4 . * Hiu|2)$3(*14O$39Nt k %$3J'&) ( * \ HeB l H
%$3(/4 */9'=:/*(LE*4 . ;?44 . */&)(=;;E1*/$5tQ4*J'(;E7Q9`L'*(
D&:/4%=h**(9 Hnx 9i/**4 . $5/5;?f)f)73@i(**1tu/
$P2~1* t54O$,\ 4@4O9K4 . *:LE9'7P&~D:*|1* t)17PN9 /*2=5@ 7 T H T 4 . *19'((*1/fh9Nt~2)$t)J`/&)(=;;E1*:J'9'$5t)JF49
H x/. ?* t<5$ tp4 . *LE9'7P&)D|**?t)1739N/*2=5@ }$/*(9)^;(t)2
$t4qt)$34@B$ tp4 . *&)f)f*( . ;E57 ;f)7P; t)* J
4 . -* /1j;?44O*(*2 q6*732>5$ /*(9K4O9[@9 /5$ t)1*V4 . * i(*1* t ;b]& t)14$PN9 t . ; /^t)9K$ t*/&)f~ fh9'(M4]4 . $ /2)9ED;E5$ t H
x/. *(?* ;b9E(*4 . *i4O9?4;E7 /&)>( ;;?1*$ t54O*J'(O;?7
l { k mq F S F>L l } S l {6
k {q Fq
F>L l
H3+EH3+ l
k
k
k
{Fq F>L
q
{F F=L
q
_
%
[
o
$ //*Q&6;E74O9V*(9 H
&~4%; /
J'9[1* /4O95$ t2qt)$,4@i4 . * q6*7P:2 / (; t)2dD_]& /4JE9{49*(9^=5@L[$P(M4O&)*z9 ;)4 . * tG9ED:D|*=( ;b*7P2
k S Fq
F>L {l 7 _ k mq F S F>L l L h k mq Fq
F>L l oG [
k H3+ECH B l
x/. 5$ /a* Gf)(?* //$PN
9 t|(*[&~$P(?* /4 . ;N4 *R t)9 4 . *49E4;E07 q6*732V k
l%; t)2V0* L'*(@ . *(* $,4 . 5$ t
4 . *^L'9'73&)D:* H p; \ *;Ef~f)(l9 G$PD:\ ;?4O*{4 . \ *^49E4;?
7 q6*7P2=5@4 . *^q{$ Ft~q 1$P2~F=1* L t5r4 q6*7P2 k 4 . i* /69 \ 1j;?7P7P*2 \ 9'>( t
;Ef)f~(l9 G$PD:;?4O$3N9 tl4 . 1* t \ * . ;jLE*
k S Fq
F>L l L _ k {q F S F>L l h E k {q Fq
F>L l o[ [
k H3+EH l
/
2'>"'[: /h
d
/
T
\ . $31 . $ /%;{l ]& /. 4R*;(* 73$ t)*$ ;E/(+;;b&:73t)$ t)1*4$P;E9N2( t;b]& 9t);14 4. $P*^N9 t &]H t)tGt)99 \=5@tF1 f. *9[(M9N4O&)/$5(t)=6J;?4;$P9N1jte;E&] /OH ;E7pctei9E(4 *. *1*t( ;b\ &:9't)(1 2:4O$P/ 9\tg* ;t). 2 ;`LE;*
l
k * [4O?* \ t)2)5$ t)J^4O 9i5$ t2qt)$,4@]5$ t]4 . * Hiui2)$P(*14$PN9 tY */*1t)2d&~f $34 . ; 9'(t$t5L'*(/$39Nt$;b9'(D_&)7;
/&~>( ;;E1*
\
;b9'(4 . *:
& t) t)9 \ t \ ;jL'1* /fh**2f*(M4O&)(=6;?4O$3N9 tF H \
k~ ok%$y 8
k S Fq
F=L l
k HCB[H3+ l
k
k {q Fq
F>L l [
S
l
k
q
m
F F>L
S
?
l
7
N
l
k
q{F F=L
Fq F>L
_
o[
6
6
6
}9 \ 4 . *$ t54*J'(;E7I9`L'*(
T $ //*(9|=5@4 . * /;ED|*];?(J'&)D|1* t54 \ *]]& /*2F$ tK; /*] H6 9:5$ t;;E14
k S Fq
F=L l
k CH B[CH B l
k
S
l
7
k q{Fq
F>L l mq F F>L k q{F S F=L l
k {q Fq
F=L l o[ [
_
6
&~4d49D;?E*e:& /*e9 ;{$34 \ @* t)**24 . * /1;?44*(*26?* 732w ;?4V2)*fG4 .IH 9 \ *ef)73&)J$ t4 . *w
* Gf)(1* />/$P9 t:/`;b9'(e
k {q Fq
F>L *l 7 n
k {q Fq
Q=l P vr x t ; t)2 7 n k S Fq l >l P vr tvu 4 . 1* t
19ED:f)&G4O$ t~J_4 . ^* t)9'(D;?7I2)*($3L?;?4$3L'?* //$ //4(O;E$3J . 4 ;b9'( \ ;?(2 n P vr
7< 0
k CH B[Hv l
LV
0
7< 0
k CH B[Hs l
LV
a7P&)JEJ'$ t)J_4 . 1
* /*]5$ t54O9_4 . * /&)>( ;;?1*$ t54O*J'(O;E7 \ *;?(($,L'*;?4
k S Fq
F>L {l 7 _ L n
n 0
P vr[ x [
k CH B[H l
7 n ` . *(*5$ /
4 . *d(*)*14$PN9 tg19G* :1$P?* tQ4; t)2 \ * \ 9'&)732 . ;jL'*d4O9e19'D|f)&~\ 4O* n ` ; t~2
k 7 \ l}N9 t>AL[$P;
(O;j@Q4O(;E15$ t)J H
k HvGH3+ l
Em
.57 /9) \ *1j
; tK;Ef)f~(9jG$PD:;?4O* o =Q@ H
9|; /{ \ * . ;jL'*
+
+
+
+
Em P W o H D P W o 7 Em P W o D
k HvGCH B l
6
; t)2 . ?* t)1*
L h
k HvGHv l
;/{ J'9G*?//4O9V$t~:t)$34@ H $/&:/M42/9'D|6*i 19Nt:/M4;t54I;;E149'( H z@4 . *^/;ED:*;?(J'&)D|*1t54
L l
k HvGHs l
h
6
$\ 34 . ;V2~$3h*(*?t54}19Nt:/M4;t54I;;E149'( H
}9 \ 4 . *$ t54*J'(;E7 \ . N
9 /*L?;E73&)*;?4R5$ t~ t)$,4@ \ * t)**24O9| t)9 \ $ /
l k {q F S F=L l S l h
k {q Fq
F>L l [
k qmFq F>L
k q{F F>L
k HvGH l
_
[
o
6
; \ *_;?2)20(
; t)62 /&)=~4O(;E14{4 . *4*(D L h l \ * . ;jL'?* t 4^1 . ; t~J'*2(; tQ@Q4 . $ t)J~6=)&~4 \ *]1* t)2K&)f
\ $34 .
L h L h l o[ [
k HvGH ,5l
_
!
#"
$
2'>"5 XX"'[:M
d
R
T
&~A4 ;b9'(D|$PJE(O;?4$P9Nt \ * \ ;(tQ4/;te;t54O$ 1;E&:/O;?7 i(**1t';b&]t)14$P9Nt H .2t)2';b9'(z4 . *;t54O$ 1j;?&:/O;E7 i(**?t
;b:
& t)1 4O$3N9 t k J'9[1* /{; /IP W o El \ * . ;jL'*
H L h
k HvGH l
\. t)*9?(*}44 . i* HaH/. /*}$PNJ ft:9'$ $5/ztQ4z1* /$5fh/*4 1. $;?;?47P73@_*^$PD|;Efh(*I9'(M/M44O; &)t514 H $,*4 1j. ;E&:]& //$5*^t)9J_;I;$34 1j;E&]o /O;E7 * r G f)(D_*1/>&:/$P/M94t'2);b*9'1j(a;j@4 . ;*I/
/91t);?4*4*9`(L'**2 (
6*7P2 /$ t)1*}4 . ;?45$ /
4 . *(1* /&~734(9 \ ;;(*;E7f . r@ /$P\ 1;E7h*"Gfh*($PD|1* t54 H &~4 ;b9E(z4 . * i(*1* t;b:& t)1 4O$3N9 t \ *
. ;jL'*];V1 . 9'$P1* H . 9[9N/$5t)J|4 . *1j;E&]/O;E7 i(**?t4;b&]t)14$P9NtF(*?/&)7,43/R$tK;tF$t54O*J'(O;t~2 \ . $P1 . 2~*1j;j@X/
; /zN9 t)*R9`L'*( [D;?[5$ t)Ji4 . I* /&~>( ;;E1*}5$ tQ4*J'(;E76J'94O9*(9_(; /
<J'9G?* /a4O9$ t~ t~$34@ H &~4z1 . 9[N9 /5$ t) J
4 . *i;t54O$ 1j;?&:/O;E7 i(**?t;b&:t)1 4O$P9te(*1/&)734/$t;t$t54*J'(;t)2 \ . $31 . 2)*1;`@X//9Nt~73@;/9Nt)*9LE*(/ H
c t 1 . t~*$P2~*( /9'($3J'$ t);E7f6;Ef*( )+ . *)( /42~$P204 . *d;E(J'&)D|1
* t54 \ $34 . 4 . *1j;E:& /;E7 i(*1* t;b&)1
t54O$3N
9 tIh49G9E4 . $* /&)>( ;;E1*d9E 4O95$ t~ t)$,4@0(; t)2g;E(JE&)*2IY[&~$34O*]f)(9Efh*(73@Eh4 . ;?4^4 . $ /}1N9 t54O($P=)&G4O$P9 t
;b(9EDc4 .
* /&)=( ;;E1*|;?4^$ t~ t~$34@ \ ; /*(9 H &G4i4 . ?* t \ . 1* t $34i1;ED:*]4O$PD|*]49e2)9D:$3J'(O;N4O$P9 tI . *
/73$Pf)f*2:$te;(t;t54O$ 1;E&:/O;?7 i(**1t';b&:t~14O$39Nt m.2/ \ * . ;jL'*z&]/4/**1t4 . $/;E(JE&)D:*?t54$5/A;;E75/* Ha 9
4 . *(*}$ /D|9'(*/4O94 . *{Q&)1* /M4O$3N9 t4 . ; t:4 . $ / H 9'D|* . 9 \p\ *D:& /A4 / . 9 \ 4 . ;?4z4 . *{1N9 t54($P=~&~4O$3N9 t|49
4 . 0* /1;?44*(*206*7P42 ;b(9'DC4 . *]5$ t54O*JE(O;?4$PN9 tF9`L'*(^A $ /t)*J'7P$3J'$P=)73*^19ED:f6;?(*2F4O9|4 . *]$ t54O*J'(O;?4$PN9 t
9`L'*(R4 . *(*19'(2)$ t)J /&)>( ;;?1* T H/. *2)*4O;E$P57 /9 ;4 . *;E(J'&~D:?* tQ4{;?(*iJ'$,L'1* t5$ t +` )=~&~4R4 . *i&)f
/ . 9E45$ /z4 . ;?4
=5@:]
& /$ t~J; /4;N4O$P9 t6;E(@Vf . ; /*;E(JE&)D:?* t54jQN9 t)*{1j; t$ t)2)**-2 / . 9 \ 4 . ;?4
4 . *5$ t54O*JE(O;E7
9`L'*(^A$ /t)*J'7P$3J'$P=)73* H
%
'&
)(
+*
,
+*
,
.-
/
1
+*
,
2"
3
+*
4*
#
*
798
6
@
:<;>=
;:A6
BDC
BFE
GH:I7J:AK1BML
79=ON
7
Q;
a
/. *(*_$ ^; \ *737 t)9 \ tD|*4 . 9G2 b9'(}4(*;?4O5$ t)J5$ tQ4*J'(;E7 {9 a4 . $ b9'(DFh t)9 \ tg; }4 . *_D|*4 . 9[2
9 4O;?4O$3N9 t6;E(M@f . ; * H /. *i=6; $P1i$P2~*j;_$
4 . ;?4{; 4 . *if6;?(O;ED|*4*( J'* 4 /7P;E(J'*?G4 . *i$ t54O*J'(O(; t)2
=*19ED:* . $3J . 73@_9 1$P7P7P;?4O9E(@'E*h*14$3LE*73@ &)D:D|$ t~J49*(9 - * G1*f~4 \ . *(*4 . *{f . ; * b:& t)1 4O$3N9 t
. ; z; 4O;?4O$39Nt6;E(M@_f9'$t54 H *R1;t:$37P73& 4(O;?4*
4 . $ \ $34 . ; $PD|f)7P**"~;ED:f~7P* . 9 \ t:$t %$PJE&)(* GH3+'H
/. *_49'f6J'&)(* . 9 \ ; ;E& $(; t \ . $P1 . \ *_4;E?*_4O9=*4 . *df . ; * b:& t)1 4O$P9 t k w l H 73*j;E(73@
4 . $ . ; ; 4;N4O$P9t6;E(@Ff9'$t54;N4^4 . *9'($3J'$t H ct4 . *_D|$P2)2)73*]6JE&)(* \ * . 9 \ 4 . *d(*j;E7f6;E(M4i9
4 . * . @Gf9E4 . *4$P1j;?7$ t54O*J'(O(; t)2;?4;:(*7P;?4O$,L'*73@ D:;E7P7L?;E7P&~*9 H c t4 . *d=9E449'D6J'&)(*E . ;
=*1* tg5$ t)1(*j; *24O9 + ~H 9'&1; t **_4 . ;?4i9 t)73@K$ t4 . $* t)*$PJ . =9'( . 9[9[29 4 . *d9E($PJE$ t0$ 4 . *
$ t54*J'(
; t)@2 t)9E4 . $3J . 73@:9 1$P737;?49'(@ H
4O;?4O$3N9 t6;E(M@0f . ; *dD|*4 . 9G2 . ;jL'*V=*1* t ;E(9':& t)2 $ t)1*_4 . * +` 4 . 1?* t54O&)(M@ H/. * t);ED:*2)*($3L'*
b(9ED 4 . * ;E1 4/4 . ;N4{4 . *D:9 4 $3NJ t)$,61j; t54{19 tQ4($3=)&~4O$3N9 t4O9 19'D|* b(9'D4 . 9 *fh9'5$ t54 \ . *(*
$ H * H 4 . *|f . ; *:$ M4;?4$PN9 t);E(@ H >* \ ; t54; t>;Ef)f)(9`G$3D;?4$PN9 t4 . ;?4J'* 4 =h* 44O*(;
k. w l
4 s *f);E(O;ED|*4*( J'* 4 R7;E(J'*( H \ *$t54O*J'(O;?4* =5@f6;E(M4 \ *]JE*4
k w l t w +
k l tw
k ~H GH l
o
kw l
k l
R
SR
'R
TR
UR
Y[Z
R
a`
[\
]_^
VR
VR
2R
SWfR
R
VR
lW
R
XW
cb
ed
VR
fW
g
SW
QW
gR
UR Ai
hR
.R j*kR
SW
mR
*kW
nR
R
SW
W
TR
l*
SWR
xW
SR
hR
SR
SR
VR
yR
SW
VRW
SR
.R
cR
zR
SR XW
R
R
.R
qw
VR
mR
VR
`qpsratvu
}
VR
R
{R
R~R
z|
SR W
[R
xR
qdSdyd
SR
SW
SW
.R
QR
SW
TR
yR
SR
W
'R
Z
QR
hR
SR {R
d'
SR
zY
cR
yR
~`
cR
cR
kW
YZ
2RW
TR/R
Y
cR
Ub
s
#$qaejX+je$.$4hjU hV
+'+'+
.R
\ y
^ q
`2 b
ed
1
0.8
0.6
Phase function
0.4
0.2
-2
-1
0.5
-0.5
0.5
-0.5
-1
1
0.5
-0.5
0.5
-0.5
|TyU
-1
'ly
zV'V j ~S S W
c /T 2ScSnW gZ
dydyd'
qd
UR X 2~VR2TS~ }
RUh
S RS.V q Vh
hRU#" X S'VR
kW TR h2
c U2
. R
d
Z
R z
hUVRsRUSVh
UhRU
R~VhS
nR~2
SUVST3Z
"R
,
ed
-
^
bb
UQU 2R~
+l
c
.c h
ed y
kWvnT h
~ R
``
.U2R
'
SR~RU
[ '2R
U m2T
R~2~V2R{T
` b j
`2 b j
c 2RUV h SVR
c }V 2 S
\ k
R~2UT2RTR2h
c hx
T
yQc T 2yUSYV U
z.<~S
`2 b j [
UR
q 2
ed
Tg V
Z#
2~DV
c xT 2ScS
UT R 3
'
]
Vc
c m2R Tg
' ,[TR3 R .
.RURU'
Uhg.VRTR
h//V hyc m
` b4 j
T
`2 b j
V<cS"U/ mR~Vh.R{g
RU RU
{VT#
U mV h S3c
hU
c nh
ede
[SRmRUSTSR
U
m W U [
V hyc.RUT2[_2SQ[.RURU'h
^
c z2T
W
VTS 1c VR UR q T2
T/
R S RUV'y./T
kW TR2 c h<
R UhR /U R S2mUh^ hVhR JTW U W R
S_.U2V+*) 2# c 2
z2S
nSASS
S~SV
V.R
R[S~
{U U h
^ .RRUSVsSRvnTVSRUT2
U_c
T 2Sc < < S R
2~R
c }R~ ~2
SU 2
SR
Z
` -
hUhW U
` -
-
bb
` -
Z
ed
g
Z
` -
/Sn{U Y
` - X
T
c R S [ V
c m Tg
vn{VTv.RURU'
R~Vh
c R S {R{.
c V 2yUSS '
TS j
YW
^
m /SS T ST
v {U VRT 2yUS#2S
TV R3V~TT
U'R2S~g.T
Y[Z
W .
S U ~V
< d'j
"
2~mSUS
/. IS
Z
S"U/VhW
{ c
kW U'R
'2 S2S
2~RT
~R
S'
XU
RUhUT2R 3i
2
w
ed
2
V U 2R~m
87
ed
c VR{ n{ c
.
U 2
v2h
~R S VR S2 h}SR~2RSU
[ZXShVR~gS
1VR~2R~RU W V~ ,] S
vVhVR 2TzS
;: :
U Sh V
65
h2
=<?>)@A?BDCFECHG2IKJMLNBPO,QP>)G2EQP>!ESRUT)Q-CFV2W,X O,Y8>
hUR~ T U SR 'US T2R{VVR~Pz
\ 2vW
V
`2 b
'
^
9~'R
kWS"UV'
3Z
43
10
` ] l
UhRU R
c[ S.
U2 hxT} SV
(^
v sc TRshUR
zVSc
_?`bacd
egfhaf
ibjgk
'RUV'2
c mT 2yUS
w
b j
`
\
]
_
^
VRv 2
~R .
YZ
i
RURU'T
l
kW
ibjon
c vc
W S~y
.RU,
(m
43
Y[
'
c U VR
VSUyX
ibjoprq
RU
2~ T hR
U mV h Ssc
^
65
U 2
`2 b
U n2* V
2
~V ,
c mz U
W1R S
SRU
c T 2 S3c c 2xYTR
TR{[R S g T { W1gV
hUm,
Z
` -
V
`2 b j
U mV hycS
S q SW
798
4u
t
vu
zy|{
G;
^SR
xw
BL
:AKL
/~M;r
U X {RUVSx h 'R
x| ~Vh
8
-
`
Z
X
S"U[ S
V
RUzS
c nv 2R h2
S
R
c /R S .U
c v
2 2 )
RUT
T2R
.
q V'2
2SRU
h2
' 2
cX U2
TR
W' RW
RUT
TR3RUhgW s hVh2
c 2SR{ c
h SW U
hlW S
fv[RUh
~hWh
U2SUjW i
m
2 h )
c 22
2'R
hR
U 2R~
m
2UzR2
USRaW UzVzv
N\
c zhV2 R[T
c
SRUR~
2
W h{[
R S { h 2 )
2'R
'
S'
SUz '2 2I
| UT2
~SW U
Wf
{ c
U'V 2R
z2T2
VySV
c m
N\
R S
U/U V
U ShV
c ~ VS2hh
U 2T| ~V2
Vg c [.Uyz2 R
U S y RUT2R "RRU.W
2SSl RSS
W
'TST
U /v x
Sz2
c v }
TTW zc S. RUTR
U [ h2S'<WU
2
Zs
c ~V 2R
h
K~R
c VR2SRU
V' 2'2h
USR~W Uz2
2S.Tv RRUT
z *
| ~Vh
?
TR Vy'VR
Qz2TDTR R S
V cnU z #
R h2. S
RW
c.R~W ~Rh'/{~
hU2 S #v<SRUR~z<AR V
v g`
c W' R
X 9TW
R VQ
:A6
USRaW UzR
BFE
sN!#
c~
7J:AK1BML
4C
Ah 1 h
U
79=
z}
:<;>=
&
U v' 'U
vXSg| UT2
Vzj*
z2R
hV'
U'V
USR~W U
Fg
",S$-&$Dh"$$?"+',' #q
x
V1
V2
V3
7Tyi
|TyU
' 2h2
z2T
U c
UR2 q V'2
c VRUhRU
US V2
V[
SR~RU
hV=[
'
TR
VRgS' Q WnR S
T2
c c
W
'c,
w
d
'TSy
r~t
?-
&
h V.# h2
o
S'
VR R S
'
d'
Z
KUR
2SR~
Sz
T
c
VR R S
ST
c [R U
SRmR {
c
2T
U [ c
6 w
`2 r t
'TS
VSv
` rat
'TS y
SR~R R R S
/R
2 .
2 )
sTW{nV
c c
'TS
TRRUTy}2SR
~V S,v h'hUR
2 h )
dc
Z
o
o S
R R
o
7 ly; h S SU 2v
V
|1Vy~ '
T2
c h
S
'c| c h
) c 2nv N
2V + TR
{ U
UVS#R V
T22j{VR~/ R S
VR
ZXhV
ZXhU'
TR
c h
| ~Vh
y h
lW
USR~W U
Z
&
o
VRV'2U2SRUh[SR1$T2~SR~2R
U m Sx
o
US {c
(?-
P,,"z
.c h
^z
'Tg
WS
hU
<STU.
o
VxW
W c s2T . #
c VRV'
h ' 2~2
VgRU { S Tz2T
X
~'R
ZXT
` r t
UhUR
.V#
'R . Vn
v
V
hU
U
.v hR
Uhz Tg
'T
J`
c /2'
2R~
g ~ h
2#V
~Vz2R2 S
2yT2 U
2U
2~2 V x{ c
~2W
U zRU { _ S V'
SV'
c hv
#
/[R T
Sv
2 m X S
I l
'y
' ~R Uh
6'S
U
U2R h U
W Tg
S
Uh
U'2 Tg /xT ~ V
c m VTS
c 2U
S~2
y
UT
2SO{~
' y
gS.
.Uz S
U'2
'
'
h2
S
S
d
Z
hx2SxV hyc
"!$#&% '
(
*)
+
)
q ) ,
/. 0 +)
-
1 - 32
4.
5 - 3 (
.
6)
7)
)
+))
9 ")
8) 9. :)
")
K
! (
&=
>=@? BA 1C EDGF IHJ= LK &= "DM BNO= PD QF SRT= &U
W c sv
WfRU { [ . V
}2h
c mR V
W ' V QS~. V 2I
VR
2UzR
.RU
VS .c hnyVR~V
c 1U sR T
V
~ ~2R~2 hxT
cc
VR'22hRURUS }c
hVTRX{ c T
UR
Tg
2~S~yh
'
SR~RU
VR
#
N
W R~V
RUR~VTV )
FH
U {
S T kh[ V .SV, U 2
~g.V
SUh
{ Tg
Unc
SQvz.
k k
2~
S~[ S
5)
UTx
v ~2 a~
V xU
~2
#e kfk4X+
~V
'e
eej j
3h
<;
' y
WV
",S$-&$Dh"$$?"+',' #q
X)
+)
#
!
%
'
(
.
Y Z 2 +) ) >[
Q)
.
)
E)
^*)
) 6
8
.
\ _ \ ! ` ) 5)
9 ]` \
)
^
) a.
) b.
>)
) E.
>[ )
)
)
+)
) .
>[
)
) )
) 5)
^
c)
. d) e)
+) 5)
) )-) E.
c
~2
:)
Uh
T n
~VSS~ )
U
g.
S T
V nV
U 2
c
~ ~ 2
S2
U V
hU
S
c Oz2'V
U 2
~
h47iMkjml N
on
)
.
N
E)
E) +)
)r) .ts
u)X.
?
5)
.
)
,
) )
>)
STU2S
~2h
c /v 2V . V 2
z U
T/zVyU
.
c /V
USV
~2
5)
y
m
|'
6q
c Q 2
c zVSc 2
c {vSU<
wx
) )
h TS
{} ||z K &~ (
U'22
U zVyU h
ST
S
2
U'zV
c.
TgSS
V~
VTS
U n
q 2SV U h2T
c.
U 2
vy S
IS ~ g
5)
Vz/
h TS
v U
+)
y hc U
>)
T gT
c {TgSSVX '
U v hVn
VSy
h
'c,
2SA
g
{VT ~SV
qa
~h
c { U
h h~
x ~SV g SSh
c 3U {
7 8
hUvX VVh
' T
TTyc , U mTyc c
TVT 2 S
5)".
)
+)
Iv
~Vh
c S
y hc U z'2U h<T
#{v
U
'V
2
Tyc ,.
2
{.U}
~2Vh V
cQc
c g
,]
) >)r)
.
)
N
5)
2
q
J)
)
>[
)
.
)
q
) +) 5)
)
M
)
5)
G)
6 )
& 59W !u 5mD Q BY u 5 9 ! 5O4
VhUhh
U
U '
.c hy
UU
c
z U V
z2V' {vSU
U Xv 2Vx/ 'U
. ^
) )
)
^)
"
U~
S
y S
c Q2~
2yT2 2
~
V 2
V 2
U2~V
' U
/.2S
87
{' V'g
^Ov
p#
J h*
+) 5)
*) >) . ) )-) E. )
u) ) 6-) E.
c V'
E)
SU S3 2~
' V'g
'2[S.V
TVhU2z2
) ,.
)
UTy
V 2USv~ h { c T
Vh2j{ U/
~2h
f {.Un
VSv nTVS
gf
U 2
~V2SV
~2
'
S g{VT
~
S c c U
c hUvhUO
c V
y' V z ' V
T h2 }
c <y y UT 2S
U y U 2h
~S U
T_v
[y ~V.
~VS
~Vy
c XU2S {
c ST
Vz SV
'
V [
)
c./
h S
>)
I B 5055
+ # #
Fg
32 >m
R EX
R EXO,Y Y d
G Q-G CHGgO,YG9 V
T6AOWV 2
R EX O,Y Y
3 m 0 K
#&
T6AOWV
T)AOWV T
2 $~
7'
TyU
G) )) 9.
c {.UQ
U
+)
SV U U
>[
Ugc
zhV2
9.
5)
U 2
V U
U 2 2
XX hU2[
2~ )S
Sc h
UV'VV )
v
#
UT
)
)
zVyU n
SUT
'2
~ ~g.
~
{ c
U 2
~V
c V
kj
q
q
. r) )
h )
hO[S
v
SU 2~T2
c h<
~V2
c VVz Vz U
5)".
)
5)&.
c.
UT2
US
S
V 2
U ~ T
~2
) 7)
E)
) 5) )
) 9.
5) +)")
U
E)
kv
Uh
E) )
S 'V
U~2
c. Uz
S V'Iv_
)
T
)
Tg
5)
Uh
US .2hU S
c V'
z2T2
U'
V
'
s
_c
U
N\
~2T2 / '
2
.
{ T
h ~ _~2V
y2 {z2V
y S ~yy
c .S}S
.U S
{VVz 2
") d)
)
+) r)
5)
W) >)
+) ")
) Y.
5
U z #f
U S
~ h ~ )hyT2h
UhUTh
X h*i
y S v U
' h
U
y 2{v
^O
VT2 O
7.
~2 )
~ {
V'22
~n
S
3ST U 2'2U
h 2 )
Uh
c .nS2
2S
'V ' 2S
.V ~ U
V
UxU
.c<U z T
SI {' V '
c hA c y h S
S'
S
S
'V
.
z2Vh
h
.2
h2 '
&
,.
) )-) E.
7'e
cS ~ U 2
S
n U h[ UTOQzVSc < c
5)
mShS
Uh
1Vy~
~
.s
0)
)r)
)
N\
E.
+)
)
)
)") E)
)
)\
)7 a
)$)
G)r) ) )) 9.
G) .)
/2'2U
V
q
) )) 9.
5)
y h
T sS~
h U
U xh2_ .
STUq{S
Vz
) r)
ShU
> 2
.2U
) E)
S'I
2 U A ,s STV'
av /
y sU U
r)
) 5)
SV
U
2 ~ gU2V
UT
",S$-&$Dh"$$?"+',' #q
-Q ) q
) k. d)
) )
3 K
!-
6.
3 K
S~m
S
.
.
U2T2
S
TS
+)
r)
{ cc '
{ Tv h'h
' 'T
c ~ VS2hh
SSV'
2U c
SVT
{ U
")
+)
5)
y 2U c
. U
/ ~ 2v
E) ")
c m
UV'V
SS
6
h1
S.2[V
U2
2 U x~2V
3 K
U ~2h
.
) ) +)
3 [
~2UT
c} U'2{ V2
c. }
.
K
V
xSxU2ST g 2~ nc c {
hUy 2
2~y
7 8
' '
zS
cU
.
y 2}
c / V n
S T
' 'e
5)
7 <;
US Q ' V
.Uy 2x
$e h2
' ' y
q
V '
S~ S
' '
cS
2h c
c m U~2
5) .
c
' V
{VT,m{~ ~ 2
S~
SS
Vh
a J (
.
E)
k
(
k
k
E.
E) +)
. .
E.
>) 5)
)
) +) )
K
) K
9 ") .
+) ")
5) 5)
.
)
2
# (
" >= u UK 4=
= "D
4 "=
. Q)
S~
S/ h2 SV<V
U y y UT
)
+)
-
)
e) )
&
E) )")
) .
>) )Z. )
k
' 'y
V hcST S Vz2'm
U nU Sh2z2
TgSSVzg.T
y 2U c 2y' c { S
z2'
2T
. E)
n V
.U
S/
7)
'c k 2'2
T {Vz {.UO T
T2
S2
y U
' ' y
' '
7 87
' '
I B 5055
+ # #
15 degree
0.8
0.6
45 degree
0.4
60 degree
0.2
.
+) ") d.
-1
78'
TyU
/ Vh
>)
y S} 'Tg '
2TS
E)
v .
X.
)")
2
TU2
2S
TyU
'
hU
}
2~2
hx{ cnc
5) . ) 5)
) ) q ") )
)
)r)
) 7 <;
gS.n U
h22V
'c
c
U ~
'S
2 V2S'v 2h
Sh ~V
~z
c vc
S2
wy
y 3
>
~
#
>)
S S
E) E) ) 0)
>) E) r)
5)
O,C- V)AO,CgG2IO
SV
c U}
Xc
2 ~
2SU2
Uh
~2 S~
m '
.
)
Vn
c T
V {V
2
z2V'
'vU
{vSU) U
U
l
l
{ c
r)
Sh
ly
(
q
c V' {vSUT
/
l
,.
gS2hc
.U} S
hyUh ' V g
y~ 2} USV
y . TO2 U
c_U
h 2 )
{ c&
' S
7 7j
'
~Vh/S~Sl V
.n
S'yV
V.
)
)
E) 5)
+) ) 5) Z.
SU ' V
>)
~
5)
E)
2T2h
V {T
)
+)
v }.U
S2hUT
2~F Sh2U
hyUh
2 ~
U / Tg
hU
U c
SSh
2 V2S
T4
>)
{ 2
)
q
]
) .
G)
.
- 3 &P m
.
q )
" K
gS2hc
Uh
' {
E) r) .
Q) >)
SU/ S
U c U} V /U2 Qc
)
) .
' h
) >)
c[c
c Tg
hyUh
hU
.2U
' {
2~
2 }
{ U V
S
~mS2hcS U 2 2xV
y Sy VhU2 U {{ cnc
UhVSUS2
h V.V S
~m
exact
)
4[
.
5)
0.5
c. } V
2 U
.
5) {
.
+)
h
) q 7 8
SST{ 5JS
V
-0.5
.
5)
TS UT
l
h
h
"!
J h*i
)
E)
5) E)
)
>)r)
(
r
7
.
+)e.
+) E)
k.
) +)&.
+) )")
) +)".
2
G
+)
*) .
>)
+) E)
>) )
b.
7 8
(
E) E)
BPO,XO LGgO,Y
)
)")
r)
) +) E) ) +)
+)
)
Q.
. )
.
.
) ) ) #
5)
.
. )
. +) Z
+).
)
6
5) ")
+)
S SU 2 S
2 Uh
U2V h
S V T
S' /y
2S
c[c
h'
' kv
c
SV
T
c mv / }
/ Uj{U
STv
SUS VT
S V'
22' 1 Tg 2
S
2 }y SvVnc
cShV
c 2T
US2TzzU
yxU
US
'(
UT
hU
Vh
T (
]
r)
r)
Y) )
K
v/2 S
c 2
-,
2T ) {
hU
c h
2U
c 2 U
S~
SUVST
S~
U
SzV g
'S
'ly
{' V'
V
T
U g
ST z 1c
U h'vhyV
SU S,c XT
[hV
2 c
ShS
2S
X h*
S c
-
) ) 2
E)
$ 2
SUmUSS .
hUh S y 2c c T
SU Sy Tg
SU 2s
S S
vm2Sx{~
>) +) .
V.U
F
/S}yh2U /
UzV'
{ cnU / S
S 2
'
gST
v [ #
~2
S Hz2 SV m
~2
'
2SgS 2
UV'2nvSUx
SV
ShSnT}
") z#+*
.T
' T
v' U q 2m
2,S2hc
T
2 U
Sc h
V U
~Vhm
S hnc
S2hc 2 y
U c y
T '
s h.T
S'SU,
1 V
'#
z2SVT2
c S
c nT
VSm [ V } V
U U {Vx
cS }c
h2
UFV c
U z #,
&%
v/SS
2USV [ . VzS
$#
3v
y .
c { S
+.1.
S
'eT
X)
~2
)
G)
.0/
#.{~ ~ 2Q
. /
'e
'e
5 T
P T,<
` ) 5) J.
.
>)
5) 5) ! r) ) ) >)
)
.
Q)
+)
+)
) 5)
# # Y) >) 5) . ) +)".
) )
, z r) . >) ) G) ) ) >)
) 5) = *)
) ) )
) >) *
G) 5) 4. # 5)
# 5)
2-
#32"4" "65 P74 62
U.
~Vh
V
# ~
U
T2
c
Sh
Uhh21
' Uz
S
S
c US
c v T.
Ss
~2 #
U.
.
2U
cST
VSA { V_v .
2 U2~VT[ { T
VSh T
Vz SV
U
Uh
84
c { T
c TVS
U/ .c
gc v
~2
VhU UX VhU2 U vV
Uh
2hU2 Ug V'2U2 U T
/ { Tm S
S2 Ic
Sh
XS
Vv
:9
)$i
;<,
=,
>
1*
)*)
)
,] )
) ) ) 5)r) .
u)
.
s
.
)
)
) )
(
.
E
)
)
)
) 5)
FH
JI&K DGHMLNB
R6H XKTd
OIPK LQB
JI ReHaB
L S
\S L YMI ^
U SXI&W D ITS
DGF I
BLQB k&ITS L
6b _L
SXI&WNYMYtj<lS HaD I
kI
C^
DGF I
Aou
pj F T
I SXI
D F IwW I<I dxW DGHMLNBPH Jd D
X
"H
DGF I
R IT\ DGF
)
) ) )
>)
HaB K&I
LQB
L dSXKTI qW BR
XITI ^DGF W D
F j R S L \ FLQB I b
r)
CB
F W I
FL d6Y R
L XI&S I R
HaB
\6YMI&S
]o $
BLND W DGHMLNB
~Jp b
L S
DGF I
DGL
G)r)
d B K F W BU I Rcb
I R
FH
L d6SXK&I{W BR
) ) q )
)
)
") )
)
)
W D W
L SvW
)
) )
RH `
\ KTdY DlDXL ITS H ~jx
I&SJj
L dSJK&I b
) c)
<;
K&SJIZW D I
HtDGF
L SI 6W ^
U I L \ FLQB I
\YMI. HaD
HMB
\ L
L dY R
WNYaYI&SJS L S
xI&Y RR
DGL
HtDGFHaB
>)
HtDGHaLQBHMB6U`DGF I
R I&\zI B6R
H YaYW
ITY L K HaD j
HaDH
lS HaD I
Xd ^_HMB6U{DXF W D"DXF I
Ha^
og76b 3b hp
zI{WSYaI
wW I xITY R
` )")
DGF I
y #
F6L dY R
OI
YfWNITSU L d D GWZj
I&W Xd6SXI ^
r)
)
)
DXF W D
DGF I
YMI&W I
SXITK&I HT ITS
DXF I
D W D I
U S L d BR
OI HMUNF7D"R S L \
) )
G)
SGWZj
K L3L S RHMB W D I
) )
)
)
N
)
)
L YMY L
OI
]o UJp F I&SJI
H X
D F I R I&\ G
D F K LL S RHaB W D I
lS HaD I DGFH 1W
R W D WrWNY LVR IT\I BReLQBPDGF I
L d6X
F L dY R
S K&IsK L3L S R6MH B W D I h L O
I
L 3HML d
X. . ) X-) ) .
) 2 q
)
X)
) ) 7)
. b)
q P
?*
YfWgI&SU L d D { LL Qih
L dSXKTI
HMR ITS
I&K DGHMLNB
FL OI ITS b
+I B ITSGWNYaYaj
XY HMUQF8D Yaj
1)
A)
@
CBEDGFH
l Ki 6
&
LNB Yaj
Xd ^
DXF W D
$)
FL Y R
(
L{DGF W D
F W D
R dI
zI HaBU=DGF I
<;
og76b 3b
kI}KZW B
L d6S H ITS
D SXW B
)&.
L S ^
WwWZj
W BR
HtDGF}DGF I
d6\x
w
y
I dW DGHaLQB
~
P ~
<;
og76b 3b8 p
<;
og76b 3b p
")
)
)
)
Q) g
)
) >.
5) 6 )")
>)
. )
)
) )
] )
b)
)
) )
6
>[
)
.
.
)
) )r) . S ,] )
5)
) )
r):)
5) ,`
>[
b) { 2
>)
5)
) >)
r)
)
)
`
) 5) )
>[
)
6
r) ) . e 6
)
5)
6
)
.
5) ) ")
H7
)
5) .
r) .
g7 <;
g7 <;
$)
)
>[
X) )
r)k)
5)
)
(
)
)
"
6)
. )
)
8)
)
>)
4.
.
)
)r)
) )
r) )
(
F ITSXI
W BR
DGF I XIWgSXI
DGF I
WgSXI
DXF I
XW ^
No
HMB
D HMLQB
DGF W D I F Z
I L SXIN
W QII&7dxW X
W QI R I&WNY D HaDXF=^ W B j DXHM^ I
Z
DXF W D`LNDXFL
D F I XI|I&7dxW DXHMLQB
G
K LL S RHaB W D I b L IWgYMSXI&W R jE BL
BUQLNHMBU
L YMd DXHMLQB b{HaDGF I&S L L
L dSXT
JI DVR W D W DGF I
K I}W BR SXITK&I H QITS
XI RHMBmB I
F WZQI}d\ UQLQHMB6U W BRERL
K L3L S RHMB W D I _WNSJI DGF I GW ^
I 6\6SXI
RH XK&d
XI RrDGL
SXITK&I H QITS
^
Ha^
RL B WNS R
wDvDGF I=SJI xITK X
D L v
S Y L KZW DXHMLQBDGF I
Wj`QITS
WNIrIT3dW DGHaLQB
DGF W D
F I B
XI D1R W D W b L
dY D W B I L d JYaj b
DGH YMY0d XI
HaDXFLQB I
K LNHMB K HMR I b
KZW B
WNS
IN
DXF I
YMI D d
H K LQ^_^`LQB FL :
I QITS& DGL
F I B I<I BR d6\ HtDGF
d XI
W UQHMB I
L dSJK&I W BR
SXITK&I H QITS
W UQHaBU
HM^
HM^
DGF I
y
HMLQBPL
DXF I
F ITSXI
N W BRe
F I BsDGF I
S&\d D
CB
L dSJK&IOW BR
W BLgDGF ITS
F WZQI
I&W B
I<KZW B|HM^
I
I d\
r
DGL
LQB I
L dS
Wj
o 6b 3b p
I&S HMBUVDGF I
L dSXKTI AW BR
SJI&K&I H NI&S
Ha^
&
dY D W B I L d XYtj b
I HaDXF I&SK&W XI
y {
F I WZj DGL"DXFHMB `
L d DODGFH wI&7dxW DXHMLQBH DGF W D W D W
D HaLQB 3W
^ WNYMYzK F W B6U I
W z
6I R J
S I&KTI H NI&SY L K&W G
HMBmDGF P
D HMLNBmL W
L dSXKTI L S`SXI&KTI H QI&S H `I&7d H gN
D DGL W
^ WNYMYK F W BU I Ha
B DGF I
I QITS DGH KZWNYY L KZW G
W YaI B8_
LQ JI&SQI R|D SGWZNI&Y DGHa^
HMBDGF I
R W D W b
F I&SXI
L SXI
W BR
LVDXF I
W BR
SXITK&I H QITS
IAW
L K H W D I R
HaDXF
UQH QI B| j
W UQHaB IAY L
DXF I
d XI
SXI&KTI H QI&S K L3L S RHMB W D I WgSXI1K LQHaB K HaR I B8D W DDXF IOSJI xITK DXL S& DGF I B
WZjQ
DXF W D
I+KZW B
F H K
F LQB I
o 6b 3b
FH
E G
W BR
YMI&WNSXYtj
I
DGF I B
L dSXKTI wW BR
YaY
QITS
L dSJK&I}W BR
DGF W D]
K LQBRHtDGHaLQBcb
R I&S H QI Rcb
K LQB8DGHMB d HaBU<LNDXFvDGF I
\Ytj
PI&7dxW DXHMLQB W zL NI b
I QIrWNYMSJIZW R j
HM^
C
LgDGF
L dSXKTI
5 T
P T,<
2-
#32"4" "65 P74 62
) )
FH qWgYMY L
DXL
wd
S HaD I
5)
<; <;
o6b 3b
. ) >)
")
<; <; )
.
) 4
-)
))
)
) G) 6) . H
) ) 5)
.
G) e) . 5)
)
) 6-) .
) ) G)$.
)
)
)
.
H
<;
(
`
M
) )
. )
2 )
) 5) 5) )
4[
) e.
.
)
: 2 ?
) )
6 )")
) .
E. )
.
)
)
2 2
1T #&
<;
#& #
1 3 1T
d )
r)
)
)
) 6)
q
)". )
N
)
)
.) >)
r)
O)
>) )
.
) .
) ) ) 5)
)
Gu)
)
.
) g )r)
<;
5)
.
. ) >)
")
;
)
) )
r)
) 5)
*.
)
)
-)
r)
6
<;
) 5)
))
r)
)
<; 8
) 5)
)
32
, .
)
)
5)
) )
.
-)
FH K F
) d)
84
RL B N
DGF I
L d6SXK&I VW
B R SJI&KTI H NI&S "SXI6
W S R K LQB8DGHaB dxW DGHaLQBL
D F I R6L d YaI) J7dxWNSXI6CS LLND
YfWNITS zL d D W 3 N:q:~6 ~3 b 17
dxW DGHMLNB=o6b 3b p H KZWNYaYMI R+X
ITI&K D
DGF I
I&SJSXI RsDGL j
Ha^
dY D W B I L d
I&7dxW DGHMLNBcb
F I
RL d YMI
X7dxWNSJI S L3LND
DGF I]\ F W XI
FH D&b
ITS L
K&W XI
L XI D
R W D WVW D
F d
I<K&W B
DGF W DDGF I
GWZj
L YaNI R
L S
L XI D
R W D WVW D
go
W B j
p
]o
D
BH F I R`B6L b
MY Y I F WZNI
DDXF IAd JdxWNYI \Y L3RHaBU SXI x&
I K DGL S
pGa
I RH W DXFH
HMB KTI d
KZW BP I
L S DGF I
LQD W HaB I R
S LQ^DGF I
I SXIWNY ^_L
DXLRLH WN\6\Yaj
L ^
R LQ^ W HMB
FH K F IWNKTK Q
\ Y H F`HMB=DGF I SXIT3d6I B K:j
LNDGF ITSk\xWgS DwL
DGF I aH ^ W UQMH BU K LQBRHtDGHMLNB`H DGF W D
u8b
L
DXF I F WgY L XI D H Wr
o u p
b L=DGF I
FH
W BR
Jd ^`^_HMB6Ub
^`HaU SGW D I R
dYaYaj
F I
XI RHaBD ITS ^
Ha^
o6b 3b p
DGF I
S H I BR
p'a
3:y
DOL dS L Y R
R IT\ DGF
3T
p ^
\ F W XI
` j
]o
H Ytj
W UNHMBU
K LQBR6HaDGHaLQBcb
WNS D1L
DGFH
JI&K DXHMLQBPH
Ao
Ao
p &%
Q
o6b 3b p
F ITSXI
Xd ^`^
L dS H I&S
FH
^_HMR \ LQHMB8D`o u p
o
6
Q W B6R WgSXI DXF I HM^ W UQHaBU
HtD
D SGW B
L S ^
D W BR
DXF I
I&K&WNd XI
\ LQHMB8DHMB<RLQHMB6U
L dY R` I
W BR
DGL
HtD
SXIT7d H SJI
D WNK'
\SJI
d XIAW
D IT\
L S D`R W D W
HMB8DGL
RH D W B K&I
L S DlR W D W
YMI&WNSXYtj
DGHaB dxWNYMYtj
HaBU
HaB7DXL
RH D W B K&I
LQ^
DXFH
\d D I
DGF I
I DXFL3R
D SXW B J\ L
HM^
QITY L K aH D j
d B K DXHMLQB
K LQ^_^`LNB
F I
Jd ^`^
Q p &
W DXHMLQB|L NI&S
F I
VHMB NI&S JI
X\xWgK&I b
I+YMW D ITSGWNYaYaj
H SXIZWgYMYaj
L S
U W DGF ITS
No
p b AB I0\ L
L dSJK&I W BR
RL B WNS R
D HMLNB
QI&Y L K aH D j d B K G
L dSXKTI
W BRE
IKZW BeR6LrDGFH
HaDXF=DGF I
Q p T
K LQB6RHaDXHMLQB
HMB8DGLV^_HMR \ LQHaB7D
L dSJK&I wW BR
17dxW DGHMLNBEo6b b p b
L QI&S
RL B WNS R K Q
L B8DGHMB dxW DGHMLNB`L
K LQBR6HaDGHaLQB UQH QI WP\SJI D WNK'
HMB6U
W
DXF I
W DGHaLQB
SXI&KTI H Q
I&S
K LQB8DGHaB d HMBU
b
p_W BR
dK F
U I B I&SXWNY Ha W DXHMLQB
3dW DGHaLQB?o6b 3b
L dSJK&I W BR
Ao u
HM YaI
HMB
BLNDw^
SXITK&I H QITS
I+I BR
D SGWN\ L YMW D I
d\
RL
HaB
HaDXFH &n
WNS R
7dxW DXHMLQBo6b 3b p b
HMBU
W U I R
\d D 0W
HMBU`R W D W
7dxW DXHMLQBob b
D SJI ^
U W DGF ITS
WNK'PW B6R
pwW BR
D SGWN\ L YfW D I
RL
p b
WNS R
p b
JI&K DXHMLQBP j}
I BR6L d
]o u
dS R I B`LQB
L S DXF I D
I&I B
K LN^
Ao
\d D I&S $H
K LQ^_^`LNB
U LQHaBU]DGL IK Q
L B
I SXI Q
L dSXKTIW BR K N
L ^`^_LQB SXI&KTI H Q
I&S
RLQ^
W HaB
SXITK L S R
b`D^_HMUQF8D<^
bw
I<KZW B
5)
ou
F I&SJI
u p
DGF I
D SXWZQI&Y DXHM^
5)
)
Ha^
W UNHMBU
)
. ) ) &.
DGL
HMBU
) )
K LQBRHtDGHaLQB
Jd ^
QITY L K HtD j
WNYaY L
^_L SXI
R SGW
I D
DXF I
L S ^
dYfWgI b
. )
b)
L lW
CBVDGF I
RH XKTd
d B K DGHaLQB
;
HMLQB_L
^_H KSXITK L S R
bqF I&SJI
I&7dxW DGHMLNBDXF W D
HMBPDGHa^
D Sj b
I b
FLL
L
I&7dxW DGHMLNB DXFH
DXF I
L S ^L
W D
L SJI
U I D
WNYMY DXHM^
HaB K&I
DGF I
DGF I
W B j
F W DwHa^
)
DGF I
W UNHMBU
H YMY HM^
W U I
L
d SJK&I<\ LNHMB8D n
WNYaY\ LNHMB8D
HaB
)
) ) &.
\YaIp DXF I
u p:
p b
r)
o
(
) )
.
.
*) ) ".
5) )
) )
)
DGHa^
SJI
L S DADXL
I DXFLR
) Y.
)
)
r)
YfWNITS zL d D
Ha^
W UNHMBU
5) ts
)
)
)
)
.
zL d B6R WNSJjvgWNYadI
j H I&Y R ]W B|HM^
W U I
k)
7)
.
.
O)
. 7) ) ". 4[
L S
DGF I
5)
DXF W D
d B K DXHMLQB DXF I
L
>)
\6d D I R j
. 6)
DXF W DL W
HMLQB
+SXI&I B
I
F T
I SXI
D HaLQB W B j
W QIvIT7dxW G
Z
D WNK'gI R
I d XIqWNSXI DGF I
q
L YMd DXHMLQB|L
L JI D<R W D W
DXF I
DXF I
ITS L
DXF I
Xs 2
DGL
DXF W DVHaD
i
I<W BRPDGF I
W ^_L d B8D
e}*
bF I
D WNK'
\SJI
d B K DGHaLQBcb FL T
I NI&S& DXF &
I SJI H
B DXF I&SJI H
BL
W B j{\ LQHMB8DHaB{DXF I Xd JdS WgK&IN DGF I
I b+CBeDGFH AKZW JI
)
W U I+W
u p
Id XIvW B
DGHM^
L dSJK&I
\ LQHaB7DlHaBDGF I
d B K DGHMLNB
W BRe
SJI&I B
-)
AL K F ITS D j
K L SJSXI J\ LNBR
HMB6U`
Xd6S WNKTI b
YMI
L YMd DXHMLQBPL 0W
]o uZ ouZ
uZ p
S HaD I
. )
H SXK FF6L
GW DXH ~j HaBU
I&WNK F
HMBU
L ScI6W ^
* 6 n
) 5)r) .
.
) )".
d)
.
k) ) ".
)
) >. . )
) )
) 2
q
7s .
)
) ".
)
)
)
>)r) Q. .
)
}'
o
L dSXKTI=W B6R
WNdY
<; .
W D
L dSJK&I<SXITK L S R
UQH NI B
5)
)
)
8) ) &.
e.
)
)
W B j
S LN^
I&Y R
o
W UNHMBUVDGHa^
K LNBRHaDXHMLQB R I JK&S Ha I RE j
u p
^_HMUNF7D
I
I&I B
ITYMY R )
I B I R{Ha^
S LQ^
DGF I
WNK'
Y LNBU I&S]W
\SJI Xd6\\ L XI
7dxW DXHMLQB`o6b 3b p
F I
^`HaU SGW D I
\Yaj
k.
ouZ
Xd XdS WNK&I bL
DXF I
HM^
AL B g
W S R K LQB8DGHaB dI o d
HaB}DXF I
p bFH lSJI X6
d Y D
DGF I
DXL
HM^
F I[xI&Y R
Xd JdS WgK&I b
\\Yaj
XI B XI
RL B N
L ^`^_LQB
W S R K LQB8DXHMB
d I"WVK N
DGF W D I NI R ITNI&Y L \I R N
W YaSXIZW R j bF I
) ) ".
2
) ) )
. 5)
DGHa^
WNYaK&dYMW D I
DXF I
:) )
G
)
E)
)
^`L SXI
WNNI
#fg
H W
DXF I B
DGF I
XI H
WZQI
WNK' WNS R
U I LQ^ I)
) )S
)
GW
D SXWZQI&Y DGHa^
qI:QITS DGF I)
DGF W DwHMB=DGF I
V J
K
J, P
))
)")
) 5)
G)
) X.
2-zP
3 2
:)
) -) .
FL
B DXL} `
D L \zI&SXW G
D HaLQBcb
I W\ F W JI) FH <
]B6R d BR ITS DXF I=W Xd ^ \ DXHMLQB <d JdxWNYMYtjW
L K H W D I R HaDGFDGHa^ I ^_HMU X
S W DGHaLQB IrK L dY RDGFHaB L
DGF6H K N
L B L YMd DGHMLNB W
I HaBU W RL B N
DXF ISXI&K L S R I RPR W D W b
W S R \S L x
\ W U W DGHMLNBL
L dS H I&S
R6LQ^
W HMB DXFH
L S
LQB Yaj
HMB K&SXI ^
H kW
d BR W ^
I"W BR
)
)
I B8D
5)
) )
) )
)
)
) )
)
)
)
R DGHa^ I L S R &
B D & Xd HaD W aY j XK&WNYMI R? j DXF I"QITY L K aH D j b+CB
S W D I |
I \ DXF?HMB KTSXI ^ I 8
HtDGF?^_HMU X
F I D &
^ I RH W6 DXF IvK Q
L B6B I&K DGHMLNB I D I&I BX
D F I D L|H
^`L SX"
HaB
I S LQU I B I L d
I K LQ^ \6Y H K&W D I R
aH D
DGF I WZQIsI&7dxW DXHMLQB}HaD XITY FH K F K LNBB I&K D
DGF I D L WN6
\ \S L WgK F I b
)")
YfW D I&SXWNYMYtj
XI B K&I
K L dY R I
YMI&WNSXYtj
WNS RHMB?DGHa^
)r)
) -) .
.
u )
)
)
G) . v
)Q)
) 6-) .
G)
d)
) )
.
r) q
)".
>) ) 2
q
5)
.
r) )&.
) ) 5) )
.
)
)
N
.
>) )
.
.
N
) 4[
)
)
>) .
) 5 ) 2
Q)
) )
".
.
)) .
)
r) )
b.
) ) 1
)
r)
r) )
)
d)
c)X.
)
+)
(
+)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
.
)
k.
)
)
r)
9 ")
r) 6
u ) ) ) 5) . .
)
)
J 2
).
)
)
).
. e.
r)
)e)
5)
)
)
) .
") .
r)
r)
X)
)
)
)
) 5)"))
)
O
.
)
F I B
RLQ^
\ F W XI6
JI R
RHt
W HaB F T
I SXI HaD
\S L \xW U W DGHMLNBEo W D
WNS R
RH XKTd
) 5)r)
) E.
L W
D F I
D WNK'gI R XI H `
^ H K R W D W S LQ^R IT\ G
D FDXLeR IT\ G
D F I F WNI
W S R \S L x
\ W U W D I X
I RL B g
DGLHMB QITS JI
L
L S
^
DGF |
F
R I&\ DGFHaBL S R I&S DGL Wg\\Yaj DXF I aH ^ W UNHMBU
d S H I&S D SXW B
I SXI XdY D =W D I&N
W K
K LNBRHaDXHMLQBb
H +I&W Jjzn
I B8DXH SXI
Jd ^L QITS
WZQI I&Y R
SXI XdY D
L S D d B W D ITYajQ6\YMdK' HaBU`L
HaB
S LQ^
DXF IA7dI
WNK' N
W S R \S L x
\ W U W D I
L SWNYMY b IwK&W Bc
b FH
d BR W ^
W D
L S DL
WN\\Ytj
UQH NI B j
L S
gWNYMd6I
I ^`LNB
W BR
xS
zL d B6R WNSJj_gWNYMd6I
FH D
W BR
B6HaD I
WN\\6S L
HM^
LQB
W D
L SwW
F6L dY R
SXI:QI&S GWNY L
\Y H K HtD
DXHM^
I DGFL3R sWNSXIVSXI:QITS XI
HMB L YaQI R
L_DXF I
DGF I
JK F I ^
DGL
LQ^
W SXI xI&K D I R
DGHa^
I b
I R}R W D W
d D SXI ^
BL=R6Ha
DXHM^
K&dY D j
DXHM^
WgSXI]\6S HM^
HaB K&I
WNSJI
I DXFLR
W R I
HaB|DGF I
HtDGF=FL
DGF I
p b
WN\\S L
Ha^
W D I ReDXF I
DGF W D
D L JI&K Q
L BRPL S R ITS HMBzLNDGF J\xWNK&I<W 6
B R}DXHM^ I b
W WNKTK&dSXW D I X
MH B{R I D W H
M
H
^
F
a
H
a
H
D
W DXHMLQB
Y YMW D ITS& L S B6L
I
\
a
Y
P
j
I
JdK F W B
WN\\S L
Ha^
' p
%
+H SXK F6FL
L S
DXF I
DGF W D
I ^" I&S&
B L
KZWNYaYSXI:QITS XI DXHM^ I ^_HMU SGW DXHMLQB
F W D I
DGF I dYaY WZQ
HMBHtDGH WgY
I<I&7dxW DXHMLQB HaDGF I&S L
bF ISXI&K L S R I RrR W D W To G
p WNSXI DGF I B
d JI
DXHM^
W DGHaLQB n
]o
L S ^
KZWNd JI
SJITQITS JI
W BR
WNKTK L d B8DsL
HMR IZW
X\zI&K H xI R
DXHM^
F IvI&WNSXYtj\xWg\ITS
FH K F
JSJITQITS JI
\d Y H F I R
b1H
SXI:QITS XI
I blFH
D SXW B
L
W
W QI XI&I B j\S L
\ ITSXYaj D G
S WgK HMB6U|DGF I`SXWj
S LQ^
d SXKTI
I F Z
+H SJK FFL ^ I DGFL3R
D L K LQ^
X
\ Y H KZW D I R NI&Y L K HtD j ^_LR I&Y C3K&ITS D W MH B Ytj
D WgNIW
W
WZQI I&Y R
JI H ^_H KVY HtD I&SXW D d6SXIVW zL d DDGF IVgWNS HML d < HaBR
DGF W D+DGF I
WN\\zIZWgS
DXF I
HMB QITS JI
H
DGF W D I RL B N
W S R
\ S L \xW U W D I DGF I
UQH QI B_R IT\ DGF WN\\6Yaj MH BUADXF I MH ^ W UQaH BU K LQ
B RHtDGHMLNB
W B j
DGF W D \xWNS DL
DGLRL
^
DXF I
MH ^ \YtjVd XI DXF I G
D Ha^ I RLQ^ W aH B
D HMLQBrDXL
I KZW B D
W NII&7dxW X
F j +
D WNK'NI R JI H `
^ H K R W D W DGLs
\ITS L S ^`aH BUsDXF I HM^ W UQHaBU<LQB &
K IW BR
I DGFL3R W BR
SJI&K&I H NI&S& P
I K&W B
^_LR ITY F ITSXI X
D HM^ I
gWNYadI
DGHaLQBL
DXF I
DGL
I
I B8D WNY XI B XI
DGHM^
W|SJITNI&S JI
W U I
FH WNYMY I U
HMB
SXI&7dI B K H I
DDGF I
o h
p Ao
'
%
p
Ao
'
%
g7 N
e #
.
)
6-)
) .
6-)
)
)
F ITSXI
No
L WN\\6S L
DGHa^
DGHa^
^
HM^
D I&\
5)
>) &%
)
) )
HMB{D ITS ^
'%xI&Y R
DGF I
W DB I&WNS j
W BR
5) .
L
F
^
B
I
kWNSXIQITSJj=I&W Jj
K
I W
+
I+W
QI XK I
IAK&W
I]d JI R
) )
>) $()S
*) ) &.
)
HM^
5)
\Yaj`SXd BPDXHM^
WNK'
I
)
*%
$()S
:)
WNS R
DXHM^
\6Y H K HaD
L S
)
I)
)$)
bF6H
W D
e)
W D
UNH QI B
D IT\cnsW D
BHaD I
I&WNK F
L S D
W BR
*) 2
>). +%
$()S
>) ) .
. ,%
+%
) ) )
) 2 ) ". . 6)
6-) - )
2 ) ) $(.)S .
)
) ) ".
) 5)
c)
/%
%
% ") )
J) )$) ) )
)
*) >)
)
) r)
)
5)
e)
` )
)
.
)
>)
)
)
) 5)
.
) ) ) 5) 4[ )
) >)
4[ )
)
) 5) )
.
)
,)
) )
>)
)
)
)
) c)
) 5)
) G)*&.
)
)")
)
)
) ) )
G)
>[
) )
>)
CBHtDGH WgYMYajN6W DDGF I
U SXI&W D I
DlDGHa^
WNSJI
W D
DGHa^
R I&S H gW DGH QI
DGF I
Xd JdS WgK&I
W D
DGF I
L SlW
I +I BRHMB6U
BHaD I
W D+
\6S L HMR I
xITY R
WNK' N
D I&\
W S R}DGHa^ I
DXFH \S L KTI R 6
d SXI<d B8DGH Y
W BRPHaD
DXHM^
\S L \xW U W D I
F W
L S
DGHa^
DXF I
W D I
xI&Y R
DGF I
DGF I XIvgWNYadI
R W D WVW Dw
b1FH
R ITS H gW DXH NI
HaBU YaI
HaB8DGLvDGF I
R W D W DGF I
DXHM^
I&Y RbvF I
SXITK L S R I R|R W D W
SJI&K L S R I RHMBDXF I
HMB8DXL
WgSXI
Jd Xd6S WNKTI b
F ITSXI+WNSJI
D L I D SJI ^ &
R G
BHaD I RH ITSXI B K&IAWg\\S L HM^ W X
D HMLQBVDGF W D
I Ytj JI&S HML d
S W WgK'
HtDGFrDXF I
R bF I xS D1H DGF W D Y L L S R ITS XK F I ^ I
DXFH SJI&7d H SXIlWNS L d
B R h
BHaD I
XdK F W
I QI HMB8D S LR d6K&I
RH ITSXI B K&I U S HMR \ LQHaB8D +\zI&S DXF I
FL S D I D WZQITYMI B6UNDGF \SJI JI B8D"HaBDGF I R W D W HaBL S R T
I S DXL WZ LQHaR
B d ^ I&S H KZWNY RH X\zI&S HMLQBb] IsKZW B?U I D WNS L d BR|DGFH ]\S LQ YMI ^
jd HaBU W F6HMUQF ITS L S R &
I S XK F I ^ I b
L dS DXFL S R I&S HMB X\xWNKTI?W BRDGHM^ I}SXIT3d H SXI
LQB YajmW zL d D
JK F I ^ I F6H K FH rWNKTK&dSXW D I DGL
U S HMR \ LQHMB8D `\zI&S WZQITYMI BUNDGFbF I JI&K LNBR
H
DXF W D d HaBUDGF I dYaY WZQI?IT3dW DGHaLQB
\ S LN YMI ^
UQH QI vS H JI DGL X\6dS HaL d vSXI xI&K DGHaLQB VW DvHaB8D I&S B N
B R WNS H I bF I XI HMB8D I&S B WNYwSXI xI&K DGHaLQB VWNSJI
W Y L d
K LNB
HaR I&SJI R
DGF I
J\dS HaL d
D WNK'NI RR W D W
ITKZWNd XIrI:QI BH
H r\6SXI Jd ^
HM^
BL S ^
WNYaYaj
FH K F=DXF I
D W B8D WNKTS L
IZW XdSJI
5)
H YaYMd
LQB8DGHaB dI R
W DXHMLQB
L d BR WNS H I
\S L \ L XI R j
bF I
HaR IZW
JI H ^_L Y LQU jQ
Z*e
HMB=L S R ITS
WZj GWgYqI D
WNY b
DGLv^
DXF I
BL S ^
I HaBUDGF W D
I+K&W B=^
WNNI
HMB KTI
HaD
WNNI
J 10
>
.
F ITSXIvW
R I B
HaD j
B d ^" I&S
D ITS ^
F W D I:QITS
D WNK' HaBU
DGL
BLND
d XIW
W B8D
I DXFHMB6U
HtDGFL d D
9:2")Y &*i
e+*
D H I
L 1K LQB8DXHMB
I
\S L
\ ITS G
d I R
~ x
d RU I R
I&I B
F W R^
F WZNI
) .
. )
.
=<$> :>@?,AB> < DC EF=< G> -E HC'IEJCLLK MONJN >QP SR'E < 1T
. ) >)
) )
>) )
)
") &W . r)
+) ) )
")
)
.
)
. )
:. .
>)
)
D SXW D I
1;AM
zLL
HM^
HaD j
HMB
R I B
l10-23 4245"i7680
}'
I RDXLF WZQI
WNII&7dxW DXHMLQBHaB
DGF I
b1LVU I D
WNY oHMB
N ~
XI B XI DGLl I R I XKTS HM I R
S LQ^
. )
)
DGF I
W XK HMB W DXHMBU
UOSXI THMB
kYfWNd R I
gb
J H
) G.
V
ITI&Y
L S
FL
DGF I XIsWN\\S L
Ha^
W DXHMLQB
L SXYMI D
))
D WgS D
HaDXF
)
L
D ITS ^
>)
DGF I
L Y R I
WNSXI
K LQB8DGHaB d6I R
SGWgK DGHaLQB
LQB I
F6H K F
IvKZW B
2
g
%xSr) D
Jd ^
g
F I
) >)r)
1WNK F
H QI
XdKTK&I
U I B7D
L S
HaB`DGF6H
Ha^
SXWNK DXHMLQB
h
R I:QITY L \ ^
S HaDJD I B
W BR
) )
DXL
.
DGF W DlDGF I
JI&I
. )Y)
DXFH
>)
HMBU
SXI&KTdS
DXF I BPHaDl^
o6bb p
< b TkYMI&WNSXYtjVIZWNK F
q L SwI
K LQB QI&S
xN:3:
W ^
HMLQB}FL Y R Tn
Dl I
<;
rtrtr
o6bb
DH
Ha^
\Y H I
DGF W D
7)
\ L S D W B8DDGL
r)
d)
d BR ITS
DXF W D
o6bb p
>)
FH K F|Ha^
\YMIg
L YaY L
lk
DH I&W Jj
HaLQB|H
I B8DH kK&WNYMYaI R
po p
\xW B
ih
o6bb
]q q ]q q ]q s q rtrtr
)
sF >
)
g
g
j j
r)
)
g
g
g
g
m j
j
)
g
g
g
g
2
u
.
>) 5)
X)
.
g
g
wv yx 2
h
o6bb
(
@ n
.
)
o6bb
) ) %
D ITS ^
o6bb
o6bb hp
o6bb p
MH ^ \Yaj
K LNB NI&S U I T I QI
7dxW DGHaLQBo6b6b p b L SXI U I B I&SXWNYMYtjQ
IKZW B
S HtD I
DGF I
L YMd DGHMLNBPL
Q.
L S ^
ob6b h
2
p
zj
g7 N
)
x{q {x q |x q
ob6b hQhp
q v q v q v}rtrtr
~ LQ^ I+I W ^ \YaI) b I D x h<W BRsv h HMBob6b h 2 p bF I}%xSr) D .I K LQB QITS U I B7D )AWNSJI
g
g
g h g g h
2 hQ j h m o rtrtr
ob6b h p
FH )@)JI&7dI B K&IwK LQB QITS U I>) DGLlDGF I0\ L ) HaDGH QI1S L3LNDL . DGF I17dxW R SGW DXH K o6b6b h 2 p B W ^ ITYaj F6H K F
m CB .WNK DADXF II:QI B W B6ReLR6R K LQ B NI&S U I B8D )
W)A BL B W) DGF IV>fC3:{R':: DGL`DGF I:s+SXITI&P) b
W
Y L
ITS
zL d B6R
rtrtr
o h
DGLVDGFH
rtrtr
ob6b h
L SBx+ hAW BRv DXF I]I:QI B W BR=L3RR K LQB QITS U I B7DD L 6b6b hQh]\6S L HMR Iqd\\zI&SwW BR
Y L I&S zL d BRe L S DXF I\ LXHaDXH NI+S L3LNDlL o6b6b ht8p: B W ^ I&Ytj hQ DGL FH K F}DGF ITj}K LNB NI&S U I b
FHqD d6S Beq
L d DDGL= I"W U I B ITSGWNY
SXI dY D]HaB WNK D n*< xV:N:|>CJCF > xN:3:<~+>@?< x'F > <~xDC
? EF=< G > {PQN]NE 6:G > >@?}E_R'::EENONz> zC3QNJNx:H>k:}=>I3HC *<$>*]Y XL LQB I+K&W B
XF6L DGF W DDXF I<SGW DXHMLQB WgYcWN\\6S L HM^ W DGHaLQBek DXL U I B ITSGW D I R j DXF IK LQB QITS U I B8D WgSXI L \ DXHM^ WNY HaB
DGF I I Be I DGF W DDGF I LQB YtjSGW DGHMLNB WNY B d ^" I&S K&Y L^ ITS DXL DGF W B W UNH QI B K LNB NI&S U I B8D+^ d JDAF WNI
b
YfWgS U ITS R I B6LQ^`HaB W DXL S T
~ HaB K&IeK LQB8DGHaB d6I R SGWgK DGHaLQBe WgSXISXW DGHaLQB WNYqWN\\6S L HM^ W DGHaLQBe IeK&W BUQH QI?W BH K&I U I LQ^ I D S H KZWNY
H YaYMd
D SXW DGHaLQBL F W Du
UNLQHMBUELQB$HMBDGF IWN\6\S L HM^ W DGHaLQBcb HaU dSXI blkX FL
DXF I\ L^J HaDXH QI
7dxW R SXW B8D HaDGF WAYMWNS U I RLND W D IZWNK F_HMB8D I U I&S b 1WNK F K LQB NI&S U I B8D I HMBU W+SXW DGHaLQB WNY B d ^" I&S&7K&W B
I DXFL d UNF7DlL
W WvY HaB I I UQ^ I B8D LQHMB6HMBU"DXF I RLNDD& b1F IsW j ^ \ DGLND I L DGF I I dKTK&I X H QIY HMB I
I UQ^ I B8D H YaY IlWAY HaB IO S LQ^ DXF I L S HMUQHaB FL^ I Y L \zI H DGF I B d ^ ITS I u SXIWN\6\S L HM^ W DGHaBUb
DGF W D]B d ^ ITS F Wg\\I Bel
DGLr I<SGW DXHMLQB WgY DXF IK LQB8DGHaB d6I R SXWNK DXHMLQB: ITS H I l D I&S ^`HaB W D I LgDGF ITS H I
BLND&b]F ITSXIvWgSXI HaB % BHtD ITYaj ^_L SXI H SXSXW DGHaLQB WNY B d ^" ITS ]
DXF W B SXW DGHaLQB WNY LQB I 4J HMB KTI DGF I"SGW DXHMLQB WNY
WNSJI R I B d ^ ITSGW YMI o K&W Br Iq\6d DkHaB8DGL<LQB I V DGL V LQB IlK L SXSXI \ LQBR I B K&I HaDGFVDGF I HaB7D I U ITS p FH YMI DGF I
H SJSGW DXHMLQB WNY WNSXI B6LNDZb[F ITSXI= L SXI H I}K FLL IPW B d ^" ITS oL S Y L \zIp"W D SGW BR6LQ^ HtDvH NI&Sj
HaB K&I DGF W D L dY R|HM^ \Yaj DGF W DqHaDD/ Y L \zI I&SJI
d B Y H gI&Yaj DXF W DqHaD H YaY HMB8D ITS ITK D+LNB I L DGF I RLNDLX
^ WjsWN\6\I&WNSK L d B8D I&S HMB8D d HaDGH QIg FL I:QITS& X HMB K&I HtD Y L3L Y H gI DGF I&SXIlWgSXIW B W d6Y
SGW DGHMLNB WNY bFH
Y LgDL RLNDQ
CB=DGF6H \WNS DXH K&d6YfWNS0I W ^ \YMIg DXF IA\ L Yaj UQLQB WNY I UQ^ I B8DD SXI&\6SXI I B8DDGF IAK LQB NI&S U I B8D
L DGF IAK LQB V
DGHaB dI R SGWgK DGHaLQB L S DXF I' L Y R I B^ IZW BcbF IVYaIQ D W BR S HMUQF8D NI&S DXH KTI WNSXI UQH QI B j DXF IvITNI B
W BRPL3RR K LQB QITS U I B8D
YaIQ D n1 6
h^G hQD G m h m o
S HMUQF8D n1
h^G j j h G o rtrtr
hQ
= fB|GO==pt*D!Q=Qi*=Q|GBtflQz@. Gl
Q.=ll=G
|GtGieB!GDei=iQz@Q eQ!Qz GlQ=elptiQ=!iQGlQ
{p|l:i4
iJiQG=iG=@Q
~
Ha^`H YfWNSJYajQ
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
(p2,q2)
(p0,q0)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
(p1,q1)
zj
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
HaU dSXI 6bk n B WNS HaD SGWNSj B d ^" I&SkK&W B= I DXFL d UNF7DkL W 0DGF I Y L \I L W<Y HaB I
S LQ^-DXF I L S HMUQHaBcb
F IPK LQB8DXHMB dI R SGWNK DGHMLNB Wg\\S L HM^ W DXHMLQB L S DXF I B d ^ ITS oHMBEDGFH K&W I DGF I UQL Y R I BE^ IZW B p
HJ D]L 0YMIQ D W BR S HMUQF8D \ L Ytj UQLQBe F6H K F WN\\6S L WNK F W B?H SXSXW DGHaLQB WNY B d ^ ITS+W j ^ \ DGLgDGH K&WNYMYtj
K LNBeX
W BR WvSGW DXHMLQB WNY B d ^" I&SW! D I&SlW+% BHtD I B d ^" I&S L JD I&\ Tb
W J HM^
F ITSXI
b kI UQHMB} j
\YMI
DGL
WZj
IT\xWNSXW DGHaBUVL d
DlDGF I
DXF ISXI ^
W HaBR ITS
H BLQB6 I&S L
h
ISJI&\zIZW D1DXFH
dY DlH
F I<SXI
W B
I
W ^
] L S
D n
b
b b
U I D
h
B d ^ ITS
b b
h
I&S L
HaDXF
B d ^" ITS
F I&SJI
I B8D W DGHMLNBL W B
DXF I
* L S+h
I<SXI&\zIZW DDXFH
SXI&\6SXI
WgYc\xWNS DlL
F ITSXI
\S L KTI R dSJIld B8DGH YxI HaDXF I&S HaDD I&S ^`HaB W D I
\YaIN
SGWNK DGHaLQB
SXI ^
W HMBR ITS L S
I
zj
g7 N
F I
1 O4|
B d ^" ITS
W ^_H Y H WNS b F
SGWgK DGHaLQB I \xW B]X HMLNBL DXF I UQL Y R I B SGW DXHMLl^`HaUQF8D Y L3L
HaLQB WNK&K HcB d ^" I&S W B6RPDXF ITj W DGH ~j DXF ISXITK&dS XHMLNB
ITjPWNSJIsWgY XL
BL
W DGF I
HaLQB WNK&K HB d ^" I&S WNSJI B W ^ I R W! D ITS I LQB WNS RL}L O H W6WgY XL BL B W HMzLQB WNKTK Ho W
YfWgS U I b
&|J
d ]JDGHtD d DXHMLQB
W B6RR ITS H NI DXF I koVR I U SJI&I RL B WNS R I D SXWN\ L YfW DXHMLQB
IT3dW DGHaLQBcbqHMB8D n ^ dY DXH \Ytj zLNDGFXHaR I VL DGF IPI&7dxW DGHMLNB j DGF I R I BLQ^_HMB W DGL S L DGF I
K LQB8DGHMB dI R SGWNK DGHaLQB WN\\6S L HM^ W DGHaLQBJL+BLQB I L DGF I R I&S H gW DGH QI WNSXI HaBDGF I R I B6LQ^`HaB W DXL S b
S HtD IAj L dS RL B WNS R I D SGWN\ L YfW DGL SlW
' { W BLNDXF I&S D I&S ^:
DGF I
WgNI
I I&\xWgSGW D Ir\xWNS D WNSXI_ BL B W SXI \ITK DXH QITYajN DGF I:< 3~yM:6 D I&S ^ W BR
CN lEF=<G> D I&S ^PbCB \6SGWNK DGH KTIN DGF I RL B WgS R I D SGWN\ L YfW DGHMLNB L S go Qp ^ I RH W ^_HMUNF7D
\S L KTI&I R[HMBD L \ F W I L SI&WNK F
JD I&\cn+%xS JD I=I D SGWN\ L YMW D I_d XHaBU|DXF I DXFHMB YMI B]
CBL \ DGH K DGF I
DXF I
D I&S ^
DXF I B
ITS H NI
D d DGHaLQB
D WNS DXHMBU
go 8p
DXF I
DGHa^
IsWN\\6Yaj
DXF I
V RLN^
W HaB
aH DGF=DXF I
R H W b
I
ko`R
I U SJI&IvI&7dxW DGHMLNBe j
\ F W
WN HMBU_DGF I
d eDGH V
I DGF6LR
L S
$#
&% ('
)
+*
,
/0
.- /
YMW DGHaLQBcb
32
Ao4 u '8p
H wDGF I
}7698
H ADXF I
RL B N
W S R K LNB7DXHMB dxW DXHMLQB?L
W U I+W XL K H W D I R HtDGFDGF6H XFLgD
-0 *2
:<;
=
>
DGF I
4 uZ 8p:
SXI&K L S R5*
F W D
*2
@?BAP
DCFEHGJILKNM
S hi]YSZ!O
V
}
%
8
D
& ! u a
N '
V N
[T J u '
4% c
N
Z
|
<
=%
k
Z
7 a
g
bdk\OS[\bdQ U h!O
S ^ W
U h
^
h!Ziblk!O
S[!QTZ
^ r
5h5^$Qa
OF^
S
blk!O W
X5^ W ^$aJOcbdO W
Uf W ^gbdOYZ
^ W O
W r ^
QQTS]H^$blOYZcNb W ^
]ROJk!OY^
Z!O W
U h a<OYa<S s
k OROYQ S$bdk
Sh!S
b W O U h OYhtbybdk\O O !
OY]Y^
[
Obdk!OFXO W
Sh
OYO U h
f U b^
Z\Z!OYZ<bdSbdk!OFmpoQ U !W ^ W~r x W~r
S+blk5^$b U h^ O
ORO
^ bdO W
O
Obz^
Q
OYZ`^
QO
W ^ r r S
[
{U QTQ
O9^
QTOblS
S
X!k U b U ]H^$blOYZSh!O$x
r S[na
U hea U h!Zk\S
W ORX!Q3^
]RO
r S[ W
S W
blk U
O O W ] U O
U f ktb U a<X!QOYa<OYhtb
[!a
blSQbYx]H
X W S]YO
OY]H^$[
ORZc
U b
{U QQk!^
O
bdS
O^
a<S&Z![\Q3^ W U h r S[ W W U b U h f ^
S[\bh[!aJO W U ]H^
QaJOcbdk!SZ
S W b W ^$] U h f
k!S
W U blO
blk!O
b]RS&Z!O
]Y^
QT]R[!Q3^gb U S
hS b W ^ZOYQNb U a<O
U bdke^a<S W O
{
O W S S
ORb^
X!X W S &U a^$b U S
h [\b
OROYX
{U blk U hblk!O
S[&b
X W O bz^
]
U a^ fU h f ]YSh!Z U b U ShNx
b W ^ UTf kb
b U ]
PQT^
O W
[!]zk^
Uf bG.x]^
h!Z
W OY^
Z
OY]cb U ShS[\blX![\bHx
blOS Nb U a<OF^$h!Z^
Q
moa
[ W OS
bdk\OFX!QOH^
XS
]RS&Z!OS W
S Dbdk U
blk!O
W ^ r
O^9]YSa<X!QTOcbdORQ r f OYh!O W
^ Q Gt
bdS]YS
aJX![&bdOb W ^ZORQPb U aJO x
S W bdk U
r S[BaJ^ r
O U bdk!O W ]YSa<X![\blOb W ^ ORQb U aJO
^
QTSh f
b W ^ UTf kb W ^ r S W
[
O bdk\O
U a<X!Q r
b W ^ OYQb U a<O^
S] U ^$bdORZ {U bdkblk!O W a
ORQTS] U b r
ORb
OYOYh`bdk!O
S[ W ]YO<^
h!Z W OR]YO U O W x b
S [!QZ
X W S
^
Q r
O
O bblS9^
[!a<Oblk!O ORQTS] U b r a<SZ!OYQ U Z!O 5h!OYZySh^ f W U ZNx k5^$b
k!S[\QTZ
aJSS
bdk\Q r
X ^ Oblk!O
5
^ r S W bdk!Oyh!O bO O W ] U O
k U ]zk {U QQ U h
SQ
O<^
]Y]R[ W ^$blOb W ^
OYQb U a<O]H^
Q]Y[!QT^$b U Sh
^
ORQTS] U b r
O O W ] U O
blOYX
a<S&Z\OYQ
U hea<S&Z\O W ^gbdOYQ r
W U bdO{^|
[\bZ\Sh
]RSa<X!QTO
b W [!]cbd[ W O
{U QTQ\[
g!t\$gwg!
tt\dg\\D\!&gDDs.t
&&&
_\&.@&v!$&t!\7.
7!\w
zj
g33 Q
&V7 z
v!_.&._&\
\
ttt$\t!L
g
$!$&5v!$q!t7ptgD
&!\H\&H!B&
\\!t5B\$&5B!7.$
H!!n!t
&$!\L\$&!
.
&
g!!
l
Bt
t\\D
H\.$!q7..
B5&\5
\gPn\5$$!!$B!
\t!$75$!
\$&!\.$BH!!
\
&$&
l
$t.PpH!!lt$&!tp
&&&
t
Ht&&g
Ht&&g
Ht&&5&P
&
57t5
\
tt
7!t$!q
g!t&
gqBgq\.$t&
&zv5\
\tpg&
t
!$&!t&$5
&
\wp
v7&&p!H&&&.B.tt~!&_5&g5\5g
$g!&_\&$5
\.
t&t57q!&tst
t
Y5
g&H&H&\t\\p
t57q!&ts&!
p.\H
g&H&H&\t\\.
t&Ds.g5Y5
g&.
\$\Ds57L&
\5t!$p\
\H5qg.!Lp
t\$\tDs57!\.p\
\H5qg.&7&H\\&
t\$\tq.5Bp&
\Y5
g.tp
ip&DBY5!$&\.&.7&5qH\\&_\&&7$!
Hp
ipDsH\\&_\&&7$!qt$&!7.&H&q5vY.\p
Hp
i._!$5$t\5HH&!&$\
!g\D&B!$\.H&\\..g\t!!$HtL
\.
it!pq$&pq\57!\&$H\\&\&7
$#
zj
&% ('
$Y5D.H5H\t.
&\
t&
.
t
5_&
\t
pH!7\t!&_\&&7$\p
BH5\.g7!\&.$P
\&5\7!\g.$Hpg_p
_Hg&\
_.$5t&$Y
!g\t!
7!&$D7\t!&_\&&7$\.5q.$&Hp
H5.t&\!H7&!\&&7q!
!Y5p
v
g.tHt!B&
!!
t.!p\
\
B&.p
_tB75\.
Dt!
!_tpq$&pq&t5B&
_.$\R
\
$&L
&
5&&t
_t&7.
t5!&L\
&\Lqtg\$\5t&B!
\\&D
Bw
&!g.g!!!$_&H!$\5>
5&g&t&ts!
Hw!t
qtw!
tw
H\
!
t\
!
t\
!t
wt77t7$5
t!v5!H&!
>
5!7c757!tL
t
Hw`t5L$BY5
g.t\t
H\
!L$p\
\H5qg.!
H&D`t5L$_N.&7.
H7wcD77\$P7pgDdLtg\.
H&twvt&t
Hw`t5L$B!
\_t!t5t
H`t5L$\
\\&!!
HNDtpD
!t
qtw`H5
g.\H&H\tt\&
!t
qtw`.g5Y5
g&.t
zj
g33 Q
&V7 z
!t
qt\$`p\
\Y.g.&7&H\\&t
!t
qt\$`v.5gBN&
!Y5\&5
!t
qtw`\\t!tLg.&7&H\\&qt
!t
qtw`.g5\
\_t&!
!t
w w`Y5\
\t&!t
!t
pw`tpD&t5$BY5HP\\7$\qt
!t
qD`B75
$&g.&7&H\\&qt
!t
w`\&&7Dt
!t
7z$H`gtq&\q
t7&.z
t7.tHdtt
7!t&.tN!g5q$.tg\!HpH&\&&7$!qt
L&\&&7._.&7\t
L&&\
tv5$B&&\
5$\&t
L75&vq!$B!&tLg5$&\B
.gq&
t555$&!t!!t&g5
!5t
H\5l5~t
&t!\5Y
v&
H&!_!5&\
& .
7$
$ \
5&\$
q_P
.7!B$&5$!7t7.$&L&H!t
t_
&t!5
DRt
ttvt.$&$L
tq
s5
PtgD
&
vt.g
w\t5_pt
tqDsD
\tw7cPt.g
!7tp7&t&DsN$
&t!5
DRN .q
&!tv&B.$&$L
_P&
&
Ls
\tw7cP&B.g
!7tp7&&ts$
$#
zj
&% ('
v&
Lt!&v!\g5
\t5qt
&t!.7D7&\$
\$p\$_&w
&t!5
DRt\$
t!$pt!$qBtw
&t!5
DRt\$
t!$pt!$qBtw
&t!5
DRt ttqw
5$\_\\
\B$&B!t&5qH\g\.\_
&
H&tt
&!
&c
!t&
\.R
&
!B
&D
\RN !\p
t&.7\s&\ !$
wwn&!
t
s&
.
t&.7\ tD
&H&s&\
t
&H&!&t
v&
\t
pH!B\\$t&!
g&.&H&@~!$&&
5t7
&tv&\ &
qv&t5
tqDs\ &.g.
tqDs
&&
\7!!
t
&
!
D &w&t
&
!
D &\$\t
7&
\7.t w
$&
\7.t \
&!
\qH5vt!B&5&$.
&
$&Lt&
B&.tt
\
!$wn.7&wn&&\
t
5
s&\
t
v&
\t
pH!B\\7&qqDt
q\\7!
w \$p
&t!5g.H&D7c.t t5q
zj
g33 Q
&V7 z
Nqqtt!\&7RpN
N5pN
pg&\H!
D &p.
&t!5
Dcp pg.pPqw
Nqqtt!\&7RpN
N5pN
N
&p.7ct!tpq$&pBB5t!&.$
pg&\H!
D &p.
&t!5
Dcp pg.pPqgD
!$
c7tp7p\$pgD
7tp.
pgd7N&ttpz7p\.7.
D7cpgHg\\
_g5
&$$
!$
c7\ &&D\$\
7w
tt
N w td7.
&
s&z&\$s!
5g!$s.ttHY$
\&7
\!7.t.5
D7g
$.g&t
!7tq&5B$&
p
.t!
&.
&$$!$
LB5t
!$
c&
&Di&
&t
!$
c7\i7\$&wi7
dgd7&D
&&5lN~&w&twswzs
p\
\\7\
!$t5t
!$
c7\ &tw7\
wi7
t
&&twwtww\
st!$P!$wzd7&wz$Pd7
&$&$g!$
5_
cHt&.7&
&\H&.t
&&\gY~!$&twz
wswst
!$
c&i&$\Di
!$
c7!$\i7!$!$!$7\
wdgd7!$&
&w
v&\.$&!\.$&$.
&B&.7\qtt
!$
c&i&$\D
._
!RN5t&tt
\ D
v\
@
tt\
D
&&$tt\$Ds
5gp7&&&
!swdgD!$
$#
&% ('
t&.
5&g&t&ts!
Hw!t
qtw!
tw
H\
!
t\
!
t\
!t
wt77t7$5
&&
&Dz5\
\t\!&
5
N&
!$L!
\
!$t5&$&\5vD\$p!&&!$.t
&&
HP
\
\$t!
t5L$H5
g.t\
tY5
g&.&H&7\t!&
t.5gH5
g.t
\
!L$p\
\Y.g.!
t\
Bpg&
\tY5
g&H&H!t\&
t\
.g5p\
\Y.g.
\&&7P !$&
&Pt&\!H7&q&
\5!vp&\
$P
&P\$\t\5HH&N&
!&
\
&&
Htw7w\$w
!t
qtwt 5w w \
!!
zt&
t7&.7ptwz
v&
\t
pH!\t
!$g
g&H&t
tv&\
qv&tw
tqDs\ .gt
tq
$tw
v&
\t
pH!_5t.YtY5t
5tt
\.gtw
&&
\B5$.7!\Lt
zj$X
g33 Q
&V7 z
&\
7.t
!7tq&5B$&
&.
&$$!$
5
7
$!&t
!$
!$
!
c7\i7\$&wi7
z7q
c &
d7.
c7\
wi7\
t7
+d7&.
z7qqH&.$lw~Ds!
&&!YN t
\tgq!$B.!t&!t$&B.!t&!Bt!$
!$
!$
c7!$\
7\$\$`7\
c7\ &tw7\
wi7
tB
&&D!qL&$t
tv
.gDlwLPd7\
&5$w~D5
t
t
.$Dst\
.g5tD~D5
!!
_.~t\t!$$tDt&
7ptqH&.$ 5\
!Hw 5\
5
z7qqH&. d7D7
&
z7qqH&.$lw~Ds!
g\t_pg&
\tY5\\$t
!$
c7!$\\$\t\$7\$!
\$\$
\$
tt\$p
H7$&&\p&\
gt
wd\$&qH.$DlDlD!
g\t\t
!$$\Lt
!$
c7\ &tw7\
wi7
\7.
!Y5&
tB
75Lg\t&t
!
g.t
wd\$&q
lwd7\
&Dd7.
t7\t7!$
!\L$\!!\
&!t
&&D!qL&$t
tv
.gDlwLPd7\
&5$w~D5
\
\t.
B5
\_!$q&\t
&HY5t
t
t
.$D\$g5w~D!q
&% ('
t\$.\!gt!vp&
\Y5\$t
!!
.$t\$$ttDct
7ptqH&.$ 5\
!Hw 5\
5
z7qqH&. d7D7
&
\
!.$P !
\_!$&!t$&t7H5q
&
v&!vt!\
!
z7qqH&.$lw~Ds!
&t\7t.t
\H5&$\\5.$
!$q$
wd\$&qg
.~wd7!$&DR&
v&5$.7!\Lt
&.
t7&.
m
g7 N
&V7 z
"!
#$&%
+ -,
*
?@$A9B75
F E
E
')(
/.0$
3DC8%;-5
3879:#;9<36,
3>=
D JI E HG LK
NM
Q
PO E HG
SR
G
NM FV XW Y
[Z ]\ SO
JI
I UT
M
E
}
Y
E HG LK
I E
[Y
^\
E
[
E HG
E + JI
E aG I
E HG
`Y
PR
XW JY
E
cb E
dY [Y
E eG Q
G
! E HG = LI
eR
fQ
gY
PR
E
hY
iY
* M
E HG I
E HG I
E HG I
lkY
jI
nm
E HG LK
E
Joqp
rp [o
sQ p
tp
HG
O{k5^ O
G
$)24365
]YS[ W
^ W O
^ OO [5^gb U S
h<]Y^
QT]R[!Q3^gb U S
h
f W OY^$bdQ r
U a<X!Q U
OYZ
SQ[\b U
S h
x k U
O XOY] U ^
QQ r b W [\O U hO &X!QTS W $
^ b U Sh
O U a<SQS f r
U
U
W bPS W Z!O W bdk!O D^ W blk U O W b U ]H^$QTQ r
b W ^$b U OYZpx FS W U Shtbz^
Q S[!h!Z5^ W U O
aJ^ $O ^ W bdO
U h!]YO blS
^U
he]YSS W Z U h5^$blO
bdk\Oh!^$bd[ W ^
QN]zk!S U ]YO S W
XOR] U r U h f S[\h!Z5^ Wsr ]YSh\Z U b U Sh
x !
h Z U
O ^
X\X!Q r
ORX5^ W ^$b U ShS
$^ W U ^ !QTO
blS+bdk!O
^ OyO [5^$b U Sh U h ^ W blO U ^
h]RS&S W Z U h!^$bdO
O5
h ^$bl[ W ^
Q Q r f Ocb
S
QT[\b U Sh
k U ]zkn^ W O W OYX W O ORhtbdOYZ^
[!a
S W U htbdO f W ^$Q
S X!Q3^$h!O
^
O x
O]H^$h^
[!a<OX!Q3^
h\O
h!OX W S !QTORa
^ sr a<X\blS
b U ]H^
QQ r x
]Y[ W $^$bd[ W OS bdk!O
OYh\O W f r
k!ORh
OYZ
O]Y^
h
hbdk\OS
blk!O W
^ O
^
]YO Nk!S
^ O
O O W
blk5^$b9X\Q3^
h!O
U
W S
a
ORh!S[ f k^
^ r
W Shtb pbdk!ORhbdk\O
^
O W Shtb
O^ W O
S h
O U a<SQTS f r ^ W J
O O
U hO &X!QTS W ^$b U
O]YS
h U Z!O W Y
O ZebdS O U heblk!O ^ W
k5^
h!Z X!Q3^$h!O
^ O
X\k!O W U ]H^$Q
^ W Oh!S
bX!k r
^ O
^ W
^<XS U t
h b
^
X!X W S
U
OYhtb U ^
QQ r
S
[ W ]RO
U a^$blOYQ r
XS U htb
r W OH^
Q U ^ !QTOO &]YORX\b
U ]Y^
QTQ
O ^ !QO9bdSh\O f QOY]Rbbdk\O
bdS
X!Q3^
h!^ W x
S[ W ]RO
![\b
S[ W ]YO
k!O
U b
h\S
b]RQTOH^ W
ORQTZNx
^ O
] r Q U h!Z W U ]H^$Q
^
QQ W ORX W O
^ O
OYhtb
!^
[!h!]cb U Sh
X5^
]ROS
~SQT[\b U Sh S
blk!O
^
OO [5^gb U S
hNx
k U ea<OH^
h +blk5^$b
O]Y^
h
U h_blk!O
W ORX W O lORhb^
h r ~SQT[\b U ShS &blk!O
^
OO [!^$b U Sh^ ^ l[!a<a^gb U S
hS W U
h blO f W ^
QS bdk\O lODORQTOYa<OYhtbd^ W~r
^
Ob r XO Yx
hX5^ W b U ]R[!Q3^ W
O ]Y^
h W ORX W O lR
E HG aK
ap
p
[o
[p up
[o Lp
E eG
fE
E eG [p dp
ap vb
ap
wp
xG
E ^eG
OLpRxyQk U pa<OH^
htpbdk5^$b E O9]Y^
h+bz^[Z$Obdk\O W OLp~[!QbnpS[o^zp~O U p~a U ]OSR\XO W U a<OYhtb{^
h\Zh[\aJO W U ]Y^
QTQ r
p r htbdk\OLp U{W Oy^X\Q3^
h!O E ^eG
O W OaplXShtplO$xU|O E U QQ}YO fU hbdk U p]zk5^
X&bdO W Y r Z!O W U G U h f blk!O~|O r Q^$h!Z
Sa<a<O W o ORQTZ W ORX W OaplORhbd^$b U ShtpoS W ^
hnS
[\b f S U h f plX\k!O W U ]H^$Q E ^HGO
xuQk\OLplO^ W OJI W OLp~XOR]Rb U GORQ r I.bdk\O
X!QT^
h!O E ^e
G O<^
h!Z] r Q U h!Z W U ]H^$Q E ^eG
O W OYX W OLp~OYhtbz^$b U ShrpYxQk!ORhjI:oSQTQS E U h f blk!OyX5^
XO W Y r Q W O U bdORQI
9[\bdS E pnZ U ^
h!Z
| ^ f h!O WqJ I E O E U QTQNOSR!^$a U h!Obdk!OX W ^
]Rb U ]H^$QN]YShrplOLK[!ORh!]YOap9S[obdk!OaplO U htbdO f W ^
Q
W ORQ3^$b U ShrY
p x}b hX5^ W b U ]R[!Q3^ WE O E U QQ
OS!
R ^$a U h!Obdk!O]RSh!h!OR]Rb U ShYOcb E OROYh X!Q3^
h\O E ^HGOwZ!OR]YSa<XS[p U b U Sh
W
W
^
h!Zebdk\O~
p Q3^
htbO~p bd^
]+
Z S i
b ^
htpo S W aJ^$b U Sh+S[o<lp O U ~p aJSQS f r x
Uf
Qk!O
W ^$b U h f
X!QT^
h!O
U aJ^ fU h f
E H^ G
OplOR]Rb U Shtp U ph!Sa<S W OZ UN ]Y[!Q bblk5^
h a Uf W ^$b
U p{OLpplOYhtb U ^
QQ r blk!Opd^
a<O[I Y\[\bOPR&X W Oapnp~OYZ
]RSh!Z U b U S
h
U h f
OplS
[ W ]RO W OY]YS W ZtpRx
dp{S[obdk!OX!QT^
h!O E ^HGO
]RSa<aJSh
U heblO W a
wxQk!O]YS
aJX5^ W U p~ShYORb E OYORhp~k!S
ba UTf W ^$b U Sh^
h!ZX!QT^
h!O E ^HGOea UTf W ^O
b U Sh^ W Oh U ]YORQ r Z!OL~
p ] W U YORZ U hbdk!OX5^$XO W Y r QOYa<a<O x _ h!]RO E Ok5^HGObdk!OeX!QT^
h!O E ^HGO
Z!OR]YSa<XS[p U b U ShI E O{]Y^
hya Uf W ^$blO U h\Z U G U Z\[5^
QX!Q3^
h\O E ^HGO]YS
aJXSh!ORhbnpYx _ h!O W OH^[p~Shbdk U pbd[ W htp
S[\b9blSYO U aJXS W bd^
htb U
p bdk5^$b U blp OROYai9
p bdk5^$b E Oy]H^
h`^
]zk U OaG
OJk UTf kK[5^
Q U b r X W OSOpsbz^
]Za UTf W ^O
b U ShtpyY r a Uf W ^gb U h f ^ W OYQT^$b U
G OYQ r lp aJ^
QTQ.h[!az
Y O W S[
o X\Q3^
h!O E ^H
G O]RSa<XSh\OYhtbpRxcb hS$bdk!O WgE S W ZtpaI
X!QT^
h!O E ^eG
Oya Uf W ^$b U Sh^
X!XOH^ W 9
p bdS
Y O<a<S W OO ] U OYhtbbdk5^$h^~p k!S
b W OY]YS W Z`a Uf W ^$b U Shhp U h!]YO E O
]H^$h^
]zk U OPGO f SS&Z W OL~
p [!Qbnp E U blk W ORQ3^$b U G ORQ r o O E X!QT^
h!O E ^HG Oe]YSa<XSh!OYhtbnYp xP
\ SaJa<ShOlp S[ W ]YO
W OR]YS W ZtpLI.Shblk!OS
bdk!O W k5^
h!Zj5
I k!^e
G O^z
G O W~r Q U a U blOYZ~p X5^$b U ^
Q^
XO W bd[ W O
x
X W SX5^ f ^gb U S
hi^
h f QTO
h76
698
Qk!Opsbz^
Uhq
wo
<;
E HG
F`H
;
`p
} B]iFzYG
K +>
5S[
W b U h f XS U htb S W d
b k!OX\Q3^
h!O
^ OZ!OR]YSa<XS U b U S
h
U Jbdk!O
W Sa
lX\k!O W U ]H^$Q
^ OOYaJ^
h5^gb U h f
^XS U t
h b ~S[ W ]RO^$b{bdk!OS W UT
f U h
E HG
J
fp
P 0 n 0
tpoS
b W ^
h
W a
[o
S bdk\O
H x x
[ H
i d i
Qk U pOLK[5^$b U ShQS&S[Z
p Q U Z
O9^X\Q3^
h!O E ^HGOZ!OR]YSa<XS`p U b U S
h+^
Q W OH^$Z r xBbb E S[\QTZe^
X!XOH^ W bdk5^gb U o E O
]H^$h U hG
O W bblk!O9b W ^
htpo S W a"o S W blk!O]YSO ] U OYhtbp I U heS
bdk\O WuE S W ZtpaI plSQNGO9bdk!O U hblO f W ^
Q
0n
0 P 0 n 0
J:
[
H x xp
w
1
4
/i d i
E O E U QTQ
bdk\OYh
Y OZ!Sh!O$xP
[\b<QTSS`
Z ^ f ^ U hpx
Q k\O U htblO f W ^
Qo S W U hG SQNG Oa+
p ^
QQXS[pnp U Y!QTO E ^HGO
h[!az
Y O W p I [ ^
h\Z t N
I h!S
by~ [r~p b9bdk\S`lp Ozlp ^$b U po r U h f bdk!OX\Q3^
h!O E ^HG OZ U lp XO W p U Sh W ORQ3^$b U ShNx S
hU o ^
]RbLIFTF
K [!^$b U Sh H x xp U
p h!S
by^nX!Q3^
h\O E ^e
G OZ!OY]RSa<XS`p U b U ShNx
| O+h!OYORZibdS U aJXS`~p OJbdk\O
Z U l
p XO W p U Sh W OYQT^$b U Sh+^[
p ^]YShtsp b W ^ U htbuY r ORQ U a U h5^$b U h f Sh!OSJ
o blk!O U hblO f W ^
QX
p SeG O WE ^HG Oh[!az
Y O W x
Q k Up U
p blk!Oe^
X!X W St^
]zkbd^[
Z ORh U hP
\ k5^
X\blO W S[ovZ U ^
h!Z U ]zk5^ W Ztp I E k\S`OP$G ^
QT[5^gbdOJblk!O
x<bo r S[y^ W O
p ^
h!ZaJ^[
Z Owbdk!O U Z!OYhtb U{M ]Y^$b U Sh
U htblO f W ^
Q&[rp U h f W Oap U Z\[!O]H^$QT]Y[\QT[t
)
]YS
aio S W bz^[\
Y QTO E U blk W OLp U Z![!Ow]H^
Q]Y[!Q[tpLI bdk\OYh r S[zlp k\S[!QTZk5^HG O^QS&S`
Z ^$bblk U
p Z!O W U
G ^gb U S
hNxF
V O WO E O
E U QQo SQQTS E ^lp Q UTf ktblQ r p U a<X!QTO W ^
X!X W St^
]zkho W Sa xy
| O E U QTQ M W ~p bFOa$G ^
Q[5^$blO~TFK [5^$b U Sh H x xp
I bdk\OYh^
X!XOH^
QbdSblk!O[!h U K [!OYh\OLpn{
p S[o}~p SQT[&b U S
ht
p blSbdk!O]F
V OYQaJk\SQb W OaK [!^$b U Sh
U hJbdk!Oz X!QT^
h!O[
bdS<OP
R blOYh!Zblk!O W OL~p [!QbbdS<h!Sh W O W Sd$G ^
Q[!OL{
p S[o x
^
h r OP&
R ]ROYQTQOYhtbbdOPR bn
Y SS`Z
p OSR U ~p b E k U ]zk]YSeG O W
bdk\O[tl
p OeS[F
o ]YSa<X!QOPR
G ^ W U ^J!
Y QTOap U hiblk!OeOa$G ^
QT[!^$b U ShiS[o U htblO f W ^
QXpaIo S W OP\
R ^
a<X!QTOJIyP
\ k5^
X\blO W S[o
S W lp O^
h!Zl5
n
OL~p k!
Y ^
]zk x
4
ORbLpfYO
hY
fU h
tp
U Z!O W U h f
]RSh
[
[ X
W U O W
plXOY]
blk!O
8
|O+]H^
hOPG$^
QT[5^gbdOJblk U p U htbdO f W ^
Q
E ^e
G Oa
G OY]RblS W ^
h!Zi^$h!S
bdk\O W o S W
[p
U ^
QN]Y^ lO
U hXSQT^ W
[p
bdk!O<XS
x Qk!OYhbdk!OX W S`Y!QOYa
F
U pbdSyOaG$^
Q[5^$blO
0n
0 P 0
H x x
1
Lp l|Oh!OROYZSh\OplOcbyS[o^
h f QOLpoS
]YS`p I [ p U h I E
]YSS W Z U h5^$blO Yx
U b U Sh
OY]RblS W
bdk\O
k!O W O
n fuvJtyt!B xJ
r
k5^H
G O
Qk!O W OaoS
^
h!Z
[
W O
W ^
Z U ^
Q U htbdO f W
`p I
p hf v
x Qk!OORQTOYa<OYhtbS[ow^
U
]YS`p ]YS[p p U hf p U hf
! "1#%$'&
xG
x
)( * ( , ). 0 3
2
4
E
O
`p
]RS
H x x
X W S
W OY^
]RS
! "#%$'&
`
)(+* (-,/.)0
d
^
Qp]H^
hh
Y OZ!S
h!OY r U htp~XOR]Rb U Sh
Qk!O
56
6
[Zp
[o
87
7:9
H x )x ;
pyp
[o
E
Y p
`p
zY
PR
=< 6 >E
>@? <bo
M
plS
QT[\b U Sh U {
p bdSJ[tlp Obdk!Obdk\OYS Wsr SJo^
h5^$Q r
o blk!O U htbdO f W ^$Q
U pblk!O W OY^
QX5^ W b{S[
E eG
p p
SR
Lp
`Z
Qk!O
i
Q k\O
6+B xw
7 ]9OP G O W~rE k!O W O
U
4A
p E
[o
I M
FQ
[Z ap
B
p p o
lTK[5^gb U S
h H x )x ;
U htblO f W ^
Q U h
H x x
> U
4 A X W SeG U Z\OYZ
p ^]RSaJX\QTOPRG
^ W U ^JY!QTO
U hblO f W ^
Q]YQOH^ W Q r ]RShGO W f Oap bdS
7c
>
xcQk U p
BDC x h\Zblk U p W Oapl[!Q b U p^
h5^
Q r b
U hblk!O ]RSa<X!QTOSReX!Q3^$h!O9OPR&]YORX\b
7
a<OH^
htpbdk5^$b E O]H^
hOSR&blOYh!ZItY r ^
h5^$Q r b U ]F]RShtb U h[5^gb U S
hjIblk!O U hblO f W ^
Q U hTFK[5^$b U Sh` e x x blS
bdk\O W OH^
Q
^R U R
p xib h^o ^
]RbLI E O<]H^
hOPR bdORh!Z U b9bdSebdk!OyORhb U W OJ]RSaJX\QTOPRX!Q3^$h!O[IOPR&]ROYX\b >
x
7
7
|O]H^
h`Oa
G OYh`OPR bdORh!Z U bbdS W O W S$G ^
Q[!OL9
p S[o > Y r S`YrplO W G U h f bdk!^$b9bdk U p U htblO f W ^
Q U p W OH^$QTQ r bdk\O
S[ W U O W b W ^$htpo S W aVS[
5
o ^~p bdORXho [\h!]Rb U ShNxF
Q k\O 7 W OL~p [!Qb U
p blk5^$b^$bblk!OS W UfU hJbdk U p U htbdO f W ^
Q U p<~[tpsb
X U b U a<OL
p ^yZ!OYQ bz^zo [!h!]cb U ShNxF
Q k!OX W S&S[
o S[
o bdk U p E U QQ
Y OQOao b^[
p ^
heOS\
R O W ] U lp O$x
E
k!O W O
E
S
HG
k5^
O
J
E
k!O W O
E [
Qk!O
U htbdO f W
6
H G
"
! ]RS`p G
F
]YS[7
p
y
^
Q U
p h!S E U h^sp bz^
h\Z5^ W ZoS W al
o
I
C M
x L[\blb
U h f
!n
bdk U {^
QQbdS f ORblk!O W
^
h!Zk!ORh!]YO
OOYh!Z[!X
E [
d
`p
]YS !
JI
I E
H x x
H x x
U blk
K
!ON !
X
.
[x
q2
G8^_STYWLp3a[o PSdvg [ WoqaU_e_Sa E PSdYR E ^w X xwvPSdtp Z W1]1gcPSaUdvg [ W=RUW1dW\Vc^_yWPR Z VOWLpnpOPSaUdoqaUVzg [ P{pPedgW\RV^_
o{Ttp-g [ ^HGUW3g [ WoqaUVOo
!n
!-N ! n ! E| }E|
6
{
. ` }
~ HYX{X
}
l
}
E [ W1VcW E W [ ^HGUWo^bWug [ WPebW\dgcP M ]\^8gPeaUd
X
&
!n
Q [ Wyp Z[ W1VcPe]^_ E ^eGW
p^8gcPXp M WLpg [ WgVW1_So [ aU_eg W WLKHTf^8gcPSaUdoqaUVm^_S_ Ig [ W aUototW\VoqW1_SbV^bYPn^O
gPeaUd{]1aUdbPpgPSadjIU^dYb [ ^[p]1W\VOg^PSdY@aUTdYbf^VOwG8^_STYWLp^8g
RUP{GW\dYwTFKHTf^8gcPSaUd ~ eYXNUX X` aUT
~
E [ Pe] [ p^8gcPXpowig [ W aUotoW1VoqW1_Sb]1aUdbPpgPeaU!n d
^VOWTdYPXKHTW X Q [ P{potW^drpg [ ^gTFKHTf^8gPeaUd HYX{X
o{Ttp-gYWug [ WG^8_SPSbVOW Z VOWLpOW\dg^8gcPSaUda[o L
oqaUVhdad W W1VcaG^8_STWapaJo X
TFKHTf^8gPeaUd ~ eYXNUXU P{pqZHda E ^[pg [ Wd|W1w _PedgW\RV^_ X |W E aUT_ebDda E _SPXZ8WtgcaVcW1]^[p-gsPeg^[p^d
PSdgcW\RUVc^8gPeaUdDaeGUW1V=^dRU_eWLpLIgcav^VcVOP{GW^8g=^d ptl'f%Ea[o Z _S^dW E ^HGUWLp X b'dp Z[ W\VcPe]^_
]\a aUVObPSdf^gWLpaIaUdW [ ^Jp ~ ]ao X PeRUTVcW eYXN
]1a`p cp PSd [
Op PSdf
}
pcPSd ]\a`p@
TYg^otaUotW\dgHpxVOW1fW1]1gcPSaUd E PS_e_f]\aUdG PSd]1W
WVOW^[pOaUdoqaVug [ P{pP{pzg [ ^8g^[p aUV ` RUa
n fuvJtytB xJ
r
]1a`p
Q [ Ttp E WUpOW\Wg [ ^8gUq } %m /rQrU@rQqHQ H f % X dbPNog [ W
^dR_SWa[o Z Vca Z ^R^8gcPSaUdia[oy^ Z _n^dYW E ^eGW{PXp]\aUo Z _eWPRIPpgoTtpOgbW\]\^
w ~ aVRUVOa E WPR Z aUdW\dgcPn^_e_ew
E Peg [ bP{pOg^8d]\W X Q [ WLpcWpOaUVOgnpha[o E ^eGWLp^VOWu]^_e_SW1bWaG8^dWapc]1W\dgaUVPed [ aUotaURUW1dW\aUTrp E ^eGWLp X Q [ P{p
PXp^dWPR gVOW\otW\_ewPeo Z aUVOg^dg Z aUPedg X Q [ W ZY[ wpOPS]^8_xWSR Z _n^df^gPSadRUPNGUW1dDPSdQQVOW\PegcW\_yW1g{^_ X J
PXphg [ ^8gg [ WapcWWaG8^dWapc]1W\dg E ^HGUWLpu^VcWpcaTVc]1WRUW1dW\Vc^8gW1b^dYbig [ ^8g Z VcaeG PSbYW\b E W^VcW E W\_S_m^ E ^
w
oqVcaog [ WypcaUTVO]\W E W]\^d{PeRUdaUVOWMg [ W\o X Q [ TtpPed J I8g [ WWPG8^dWLpO]\W1dHg~k E ^HGUWap m ^VOWPeRUdaUVOW\b{^8db
g [ WVcWapcT_pgPedRPedHgcW\RUVc^8gPeaUdiaxGW\Vg [ W{^8dRU_SW PXpVcWLp-gVOPS]1gcW\bgcag [ WVcW\^_Q^RPXp X TguVcW1oW1ozY@W\VLI
Z _S^dW E ^HGUWLp^VOWudaUd ZY[ wpOPS]^8_Hg [ W1wbYasdaghWSRYP{pOgPeddf^8gTYVcWFQ [ W1w^VOW Z TVOW\_pwo^8g [ W1o^gPS]\^_
^[Ytp-gVc^]1gcPSaUdtp X L_n^dW E ^HGWLp=]^d;Y@W^ ZYZ VcaHRPSo^8gW1bDPSdrdf^8gTYVcWYwG8^VOPSaUTrp Z VOa]1W\bTYVcWLp X faUV
WPRY^o Z _eW E W]\aT_Sb Z _n^]1W^i_n^VORUWdHToqYW1Va[o Z aUPedHg~pcaTVc]1WLps^_eaUdR^_SPedW^dbpOW1g{g [ W\oa
gaRUW1g [ W\V X Q [ PXp E aUT_ebRUW1dW\Vc^8gWz^{bYa E dYRUaUPSdYR Z _n^8dW E ^HGUW X _ V E Wu]\aT_Sb^ ZZ _ew^qpO_SPSR [ gMgPeoW
bW1_n^w Y@W1g E W\W1dW^8] [ pOaUTVO]\WgapOPSo{T_S^8gW^ Z _n^dYW E ^HGWiPed]\PebW\dgt^8gzpcaUotW^dRU_eW X dYag [ W1V
Z a`pnpOPXYPe_SPeg'wPXpzgcalY@WdpOalo%^V3VOW\otaxGW\b^oqVcaUo^ Z aPSdgpcaUTYVc]\Wtg [ ^gg [ W E ^HGUWPoqVcaUdg]\TVG^gTVOWP{p
dW1RU_SPeRUPXY_eW X
Z aUPSdgUpcaUTVO]\WsaUdg [ Wsag [ W\V [ ^dbvPXpW^[pOPS_ewVcW\^_SP W ^[YY_SW[hbYVca Z ^ Z WLYtYY_SW{PedHgca^ Z aUdbP{owaUT
E ^ dgxgca~pOW\WadW X aPpgp [ aUTY_Sb]1aUotW^JpMdYa~pOTV Z VOPXpOWg [ ^8g E W E PS_e_ [ ^HGUWbP ]\TY_eg'wsPedHgcW\V Z VcWgPSdYR
g [ WVcWapcT_pgpa[o^bW\]1aUo Z a`pOPegPeaUdaJo^ Z[ wpcPS]\^_ E ^HGUWPSdgcaDdaUdO Z[ wpcPS]\^_ E ^HGUWap X |rW [ ^eGW
^_eVcW^8bYw pOW\W1dg [ ^8gWapnpOW\dgPS^_S_pw^8dHwJgVc^dtpcPeW\dg Z TY_XpcW]^dY@WpOw dg [ WapcP W W\boqVcao W1_SW\otW\dg^VOw
faUTVOPSW\Vz]1aUo Z aUdYW\dgpaI<YTgg [ WLpOWbaUdFgWPRP{pOgPSdvdf^8gcTVcWtW\Ppg [ W1V X dwvVcW^8_FpcPSRdf^_o{Ttp-g [ ^eGW
^ Y@W\RUPeddPedR X W\otW\ozY@W\V^_XpOatImg [ ^8gWaG8^dWapc]\W1dg Z _n^dYW E ^HGUWLp=^8VcWdYag{VOW^_e_ew E ^HGUWLp=^gs^_e_ X
Q [ WwbYadag~pcTW1V^dw Z[ ^JpcWip [ PNogT Z aUdvgVc^dtpc_S^8gPeaUd^dbg [ W1VcWaoqaVcW [ ^eGWdagVc^HGUW\_ygPeoW
bW1_n^w^[pnpOa]1Pn^8gcW\b E Ppg [ g [ W1o X Q [ P{p]\^TtpcWap{da Z V^]gPS]\^_ Z Vca[Y_SW1o pca_eaUdR^[pg [ WaVcPSRPSdva[o
g [ WLpcW3gW1VcoiphPXpo%^VhW1daUTR [ ^ E ^
woqVOaUo^8dHwYaUTYdbf^V-wg [ ^ghg [ W3WPR Z aUdW1dHgcPn^_`bYW\]^w E Pe_S_ [ ^eGW
ZHPS_e_SW\ba8v^dwW\dYW\VcR8wi^[pnpOa]1Pn^8gcW\b E Peg [ g [ W\o X
6 ~
pOPSd ~ 6/
]\a`p ~ 6/
6 pOPSd [ ~
!
!-N ! n ! | }E|
6
{
. pcPSd
}
6'
W1VcPS]\^_`]\a aUVObPSdf^gWLp
~ eX{UXNe
L
~ eX{UXN`
* *
*
,
X
(
p
.
.
} ! !
~ K * *
~ eX{UXNU
i
u`
MfzxmYm=zzufxu
~
~
c
~
[
[
Q W_SPeoPpgPSdYRoqaUVOodpa[og WLpOWoqTYd]1gcPSaUdtp^VOW[
~
~ <
C3C
U
3
]\a`p ~
Q [ WugcV^dtpOPegcPSaUdwoqVOaUog [ Wpco^_e_^VORUTotW\dguY@W [ ^HG PSaVga{g [ Wz_n^VORUWz^VORUTotW\dguY@W [ ^HG PSaVka]1]\TVp
PSdg [ WVOW\RUPeaUdDa[o
X _{pcadYagPe]\Wg [ ^8g{g [ W_S^VcRUWSO^VORUTotW\dg^[pOw o Z gagcPS]ioqaUVcobW\otaUdO
c
?3?
~ <
E [ W1VcW
PXpg [ W g [ VOaa8ga[o
Xm aUT E Pe_S_ M dbsotaUVcWMg [ ^8d{wUaUT=WaGW\V E ^dgW1b=gca]ZHda E ^JYaUTg
WapnpcW1_cTY d]1gcPSaUdtpPed|D^8gnpcaUdp
Yc/jSl
ff
ull
/j
Yl ; X dwa[o
g [ Ws]\_n^JpnpcPe]{gWSRgnYa a`Zp3aUdv^df^8_ewpcP{p]oqVcaUog [ W=W\^Vc_pw Z ^8VOg3a[oyg [ PXpz]\W1dgTV-w E PS_S_ [ ^HGUW=] [ ^ Z gW1Vnp
aUdg [ W]G8^VcPeaUTtpp Z W1]\Pn^8_oqTd]gPeaUdtp X iaUVnpOW3^dbhfWLp [ Yf^8] [ PXph^dYag [ W1VpOg^dbf^8VcbVcWPoqW\VcW1d]\W X
h
8 "!$#Li
, *-qF
%&#'fz
(i
`*)
+ALq
.0/21
3`
.
Q [ P{psPXpsPS_e_STtp-gVc^8gW1bDPSdPeRUTVOW eYXX Z _S^dW E ^HGUWVcWfW\]gPSdYR^oqVOaUo ^Y@aUTdb^VOw Z Vca bT]\Wap
^VcW1W\]1gcW\b Z _n^dW E ^eGW X Q [ W1VcWPoqaUVcW . o{TtpOg~Y@WVOW Z VOWLpcW1dg^[Y_eW^[p^hpcT Z W\V Z a`pOPegcPSaUdva[o Z _n^dYW
E ^eGWLpypcPSdY]\Wg [ WPSdY]\PSbYW\dg Z T_XpOWPXp X _S_ E WdW\W1bbaPXpgcag^[ZWPSdgca^]1]\aUTYdHgMg [ W ZY[ ^[pcW] [ ^dYRUW
^[ppca ]\Pn^gW\b E Peg [ g [ WgVc^HGUW\_gPeoWoqVOaUog [ W~pcaUTYVc]\W_Sa ]^8gcPSaUdi^dbig [ W~YaTdbf^V-w^dbgcawpO]^_eW
g [ W^o Z _ePegTYbWza[og [ WVcW1W\]1gcW\b Z _S^dW E ^eGWLp]Ywg [ W^dYRU_SWSO'bW Z W1dbW\dgVcWfW\]gPSad]\a W ]1PSW\dg X
4uW\dYagPedR{g [ W^dYRU_SWza[oQPSdY]\PSbYW\d]1WYw E W [ ^HGUWoqVcaUog [ W aUototW\VoqW1_SbPedHgcW\RUVc^_
} ! !
~ 9 8H . K * ;* : ~
.5/6173
} !
~
~
X< 8e . :
~ HYX) X{
6 }
E [ W1VcW : P{pQg [ WVcWfW\]gPeaUds]\a W ]\PeW\dg^8d*
b ={PXpg [ WkbYPXpOg^d]1Wa[ofg [ WgpOaUTVc]1Wh^[Y@aeGUWg [ WkVcWfW\]gPedR
_n^wW\V X
Q [ W Z _n^8dW E ^HGWPed]\PebW\d]1W^dRU_eWDPXp^zoqTd]gPSadiaJo Y@ag [ ^db?> X b'do%^]1gLI
>
]\a`p
@
~ > E X fTV-g [ 1W VLI`pOaUo%^V E WJGWdW\RU_eW\]gW\bg [ WgoqVOWLKHTW1d]1w]\aUdgW1dga[o
a E Wk]\^d E VcPpgW : ~
B
A
aUTV Z aUPedHg pcaUTYVc]\WJIpca3P{o E W E ^dgga3PedHgcW\V Z VcWgTFK T^8gPeaUd ~ eYXXN ^[paI`oqaUVWSR^8o Z _eW[IUg [ WGUW1VOgPe]^_
Z O E ^HGUW3bP{p Z _S^]\W1oW1dg Z a8gW\dgcPn^_@aUV Z VOWLppcTVOWaJo^zpOaUTVO]\W Z _eTtpkVcWfW\]gW1b]1aUo Z VcWLppcPeaUdf^_ E ^HGUWJI
p^w . ~ > I@g [ W\d E W{dW1W\bgcawpc]\^_SWg [ WPSdgW1RUV^8_Ywig [ WqfaUTVcPeW\VgVc^dtpoqaVco a[og [ WqpOaUTVc]1W
oqTdY]1gPeaUdDC ~ >
WPR]1Peg^gPSad
X Q [ PXpm_SW\^btpTtpgag [ W M VpOgQWLKHTf^8gcPSaUda[otQmVcW1PegW1_W1g^_ X ^dbPXpg [ W
VcW\^_OTYo Z PedR{a Z aPSdggoqaUVxg [ W Z V^]gPS]\^_Peo Z _SW\otW\dg^8gPeaUdaJo`g [ W Z _S^dW E ^HGUW3bW1]\aUo Z a[pcPegcPSaUd
a[o<pcW1PXpcotaURUVc^oipL
~ X< 8H } . !
~ HYX) X)U
. ~ > C ~ > A ~ > E }
6
%
(r, -z)
receiver
source
(0,-h)
^ Z _n^df^8VpcTVo%^]\W X
QmVcW\PpgW1_mWgz^_ X PSdgW1V Z VOW1g ~ > E ^Jpg [ WzfaUTVOPSW\VhgcV^dtpoqaUVco aJog [ WGUW1_Sa ]\Peg'w Z agcW\dgPS^_a[og [ W
Z _S^dW E ^HGW{]\aUo Z aUdW\dg A E Peg [ ^dYRUT_n^8VoqVcWLKHTW1d]1w>^8db [ aUVcP W aUdg^8_ E ^HGUWd TYozYW1V X faUV^
pcPedRU_eWx_S^
wW\V E WuZHda E g [ ^8gPSdqo%^8]1gg [ WkVOW1fW1]1gPeaUds]\a W ]1PSW\dgP{pPedbW Z W\dYbW\dgya[o oqVOWLKHTW\dY]1w X faUV
^wp-g^]Za[o_n^wW\VnpPeggcTVcdrpuaUTYgg [ ^8gg [ WW1W\]1gcP{GW{VcWfW\]gPSad]\a W ]\PeW\dgzba WLpPSdbW1W\bbW Z W1db
aUdsg [ WfoqVOWLKHTW1d]1w X dbtPSdsg [ ^gy]^[pOW[I E WW\dYbT Z E Peg [ ^pOTo a[o Z[ ^JpcWp [ PNoggW\VOodpy^Jpnpca ]\PS^8gW1b
E Peg [ gVc^dtpOoP{pnpcPeaUdaJo@g [ W Z _S^dW E ^HGUWkg [ VcaTR [ g [ Wk_n^wUW1Vnp^JYaeGUWxg [ WkVOW1fW1]1gcPSdRz_S^
wW\Vp X Q [ P{pP{p
g [ WUYf^[pOPXpxa[og [ W E W\_S_OZHda E dVOW1fW1]1gcP{G Peg'woWg [ a bdoqaVyp-wdg [ W1gcPS]UpOW\P{pcotaURUV^8o RUW\dW1V^8gcPSaUd J X
`W1gLpdag E aUVcV-wi^[YaTYgg [ WpcaUTYVc]\Wp Z W\]gVOTE
o C ~ > oqaUVda E _eW1gTtp^[ppcTotWg [ ^8gg [ W~pOaUTVc]1W
[ ^[p^YVcaU^bOY^db p Z W\]gVcTYo pcag [ ^8g E Wt]^d^[pnpOTotF
W C ~>
UX Q [ W1dTFKHTf^8gcPSaUd ~ HYX) X)U
~ ~
H ~ /i G ~ ~
<
e
8
.
~ > E
~ > ~ > pcPSd
~ HYX) X
.
@
A
6 }
~
i
PeRUTVcW HYX c]1TVGW]^8d Y@Wp Z 1W ]\P M \W bW\Peg [ W\V^[phg [ W_ea]1Ttpa[o^_S_ Z aUPSdgnpupcT] [ g [ ^8g"J
%
J ~
-uMRQSxfUTWVyYXYThV[Z
g [ WlKHTf^bYV^8gcPS
] J
w J
K M
X Q [ Wlo%^8oPe_ewa[oug^8dRUW\dgnptgcag [ PXp=]\TVGUWoTtpOgdp^8gcPXpoh
[
[
[
E [ W1Vc
W K
p J
MPedHgcW\VpcW\]gg W]\TVGUi
W J
X b'daUVcbYW\Vg ^8gg W_ePSdWaF
PpgP{p
dW1]\WLpp^V-wg [ ^8"
g M
X T_SPeoPedf^8gcPSdR YWg E W1W\dg [ WWSR Z VcWapnpcPeaU dtpUoqa"
V M^dj
b K E WpcW\Wg [ ^g
~
g [ WlKHTf^bYV^8gcPS
] J
W M
K U QPSdf^_e_ew[IM]1aUdtpOPSbW1Vg [ W
RUWgpo^ ZZ W\b PSdgcag [ W]1TVGk
lmn]opqosr`t ` u\v pwxtqy u]z|{~} poW]potqo ug}} n]otq o|y<t } nxr } y u tqoWy9tq z`} nxotq bo|y9t
wxt }_} n]opOr rpOrLo } oWps
pn py `ug} r`bxnxr`tqot u ott
%
o%^otPS_pwa[o [ w Z W\VnY@aU_S^WRP{GUW1dYwJ
B X Q [ Wqo%^otPS_pwaJog^dYRUW\dgpgag [ WLpOW]1TVGWLp3^VOW
RUPNGUW\d^YwJ
K M E [ W\VcWK K B X b'daU VObW\VoqaUVug [ WLpOW_ePSdWapugaiPSdgW1VnpOW\]1gg [ W
g [ WsWPR Z VcWapnpOPSaUdtpoqaU
V M^d?
b K E Wsa[YYg^Pedg [ WsVOWLpOT_egug [ ^8gug [ W`W\RUW1dbVOW=gcV^drpoqaUVOo^8gcPSaUda[ox^
J< [ w Z W1VnY@aU_n^sPXp
^ Mi
KiW\_e_SP Z pcW
K M
B
'b dg [ W]^JpcWa[ovpcW\P{pcotPS]bf^g^rI E WbadjFg [ ^HGW^8dJWSR Z _SPS]1PegsVOW\_S^8gPeaUdtp [ P Z Y@W1g E W\W1dg [ WgcV^HGUW1_
gPeoWLJ^dbg [ W [ aUVcP W aUdg^_]\a aUVObPSdf^gW aUV X _ o]\aTVnpOW[Igcag [ WWPR gW1dHgxg [ ^g E WUY@W\_ePSWPGUWhg [ ^g
bPpVc^]1gcPSaUd^pcPeRUdf^8gcTVcWap{^VOW [ w Z W1VnY@aU_SPe][I E W p [ aUT_ebrWSR Z W\]g{g [ WLpcWga Y@Wo^ ZZ W\bPSdgaMhK
W\_e_SP Z pcWap X TYg E WVOW^_e_ewdW\W1b ^d TYoW1VcPS]\^_ E ^wDgca]\aUo Z TYgcWg [ WMlhKgcV^dtpoqaUVco^8gcPSaUda[o
pcW1PXpOoPe]bf^8g^ X Q [ P{psPXps^8]\]\ao Z _ePXp [ W\b E Ppg [ g [ Wpc_n^8dHgOp-g^]Z E WhpOTo ^8_SaUdRp-gVc^PSR [ gs_ePSdWapLI
W^8] [iZ ^V^otW1gcW\VOP W W1b E Peg [ ^zpO_Sa Z ~
W K^db^8diPedgW\VO]\W Z
g MjIf^8dbbW Z a`pcPpgkg [ WzVcWLpOT_egcPSdRzG8^_eTWuPed
g[ j
W M
K^pcW1]1gPeaUd X Q [ W=VOW^[pOaUdg [ PXp E aUVZpPXpug [ ^8g3TdY_SWLppzg [ W=_SPedW E Wt^VcWpcTYootPSdR^_SaUdYR
Y
Z
Z
PXp^ VcaHRPSo^8gW1_ewg^dRW\dggcatg [ W]\TVGUW[Ig [ W~pOToo^8gcPSaUdVcWapcT_pgpPSdi^ W W\VOa]1aUdgVcP{YTYgcPSaUd X b'd
ag [ W\V E aUVcbtpaIQg [ WPedgW\VpcW1]1gPeaUda[og [ W_ePSdWsaJokPSdgcW\RUVc^8gPeaUdv^dbvg [ Wt]\TYVGUW E W E PXp [ gcalpO_n^dgO
pOg^]ZP{pz^pcW1g3aJoxotW^JpcTVOW W W\VOai^dbg [ W1VcWPoqaUVcW=]\adHgcVcP{YTYgWapzdag [ PSdRgcag [ WpO_n^dgOpOg^]Z X _ d
g [ Wa8g [ W1V [ ^dbjI^{g^8dRUW\dg [ ^[p^^k [ PeR [ W1VhaUVcbW1V]\aUdg^8]1g mE Peg [ ^=]1TVGW X
bo E W E W1VcWpcPeo Z _ewbW^_ePSdR E Ppg [Z _S^dWz]\TYVGUWap E [ Pe] [ ]1aUT_ebhY@W Z ^Vc^otW1gW1VcP W W\bYwJ ~ Ig [ W\d
E W E aUTY_Sb [ ^HGUWi^]1aUo Z _SW1gcW Z Pe]1gTYVcW[ipc_S^dgOpOg^8]ZrWLKHTf^8_Xp`W\RUW1dbVOWgV^8dtpoqaUVOo^gPSad X |Peg [
pcW1PXpOoPe]b^8g^rIg [ W]\TVGUW E W{^8VcWpc_S^dgOp-g^]ZHPedR [ ^[pvpOaUotW^o Z _ePegTYbWz^[ppca ]\Pn^gW\b E Peg [ Ppg X a
PegcpOaUTdbtpk^[pPNo E WUp [ aUT_Sbo^JZWg [ WUpO_n^dgOpOg^]Zt^~pOToo^8gcPSaUd=a[o^8o Z _ePegcTbWLpM^_eaUdR_SPedWLp X b'd
g [ Ws_SPSotPegcPSdRt]^JpcW=a[ox^dvPSd M dPegcWqoqVcWaK TYW\d]w E ^HGUW1_SWg E WUOTtpOgVOW\]\aeGW\Vzg [ Wjt%j+clpf
l+ u^8_SVcW\^bYwtbP{pc]\TrpnpcW1b X b'dg [ WzotaUVcWRUW\dYW\V^8_]^JpcW E W [ ^HGUW E [ ^8gP{pgZHda E di^[ph
^ db@sj+c
lpf +l X
h
az!05!B?>q
*) %*$#`!#Li
!B +ALq
(i
~J @
~
J @
~ HYX X{
E [ W1VcW @ P{pg [ W [ aUVcP W aUdg^_ Z[ ^[pOW~GUW1_Sa ]\Ppg'wi ^db P{paUTVpcW\P{pcotPS]3bf^8g^ Peg]\aUTY_Sb Y@W Z VcWapnpcTYVcW
aUVhaUdYW]1aUo Z aUdYW\dga[obYPXp Z _n^]1W\otW\dg X |W^VcW3]\_eW^VO_ewdpcTototPSdR=^_eaUdRs_ePSdWapha[o]1aUdtp-g^dg [ aUVO
P W aUdg^_ Z[ ^[pOWGW\_Sa ]\Ppg'w^dYb Z ^8V^otW1gcW\VcP W PedR{g [ W3VOWLpcTY_egfYwg [ ^g Z[ ^[pOWGW\_Sa ]\Ppg'w X b'dgVOabYT]\PedR
p } n]o } n]o p o n]y u} n]y<tOn]osO w } r ! uD ybopqo ug} y9r z o Lo } p tqwxOnDrt$ } pw]y tL 's6 n]oWpo
} nxopqostw] } o u oWo y9t ` u xr z o&]
n Hrpe:tY[HruFrrUHfO Hpt
%
Z aU_n^V]\a aUVcbPedf^8gcWLp
U
E W [ ^HGW
]\a`p
pcPSd
~ J<
~ HYX X)U
]1a`p pcPSdf @
E [ W1VcWJ
pcPedf @ X
|W]\^dibasg [ W^dRT_n^VhPedgW\RV^_W\^[pcPe_ew X 4uW M dYW3g [ W3PSdgW1VcotW\bPS^8gW]oqTYd]1gcPSaUdk= ~ J Yw
~J
~
G ~ J<J \] a`p
G J<J ]1a`p
[
E
1
]
`
a
p
W
^HGUW
= ~J
`W1gOgPSdYR*
Q [ WVcWapcT_pgPXpkg [ ^8g
= ~J
~ J
= ~J
~ J
G ~<
J h
P5J~RJ
ag [ W\WV P6OW
~W YX<XH
[ Tgfg [
W c_n^8dHgW-g^]VOW\bTY]\Wgga
~W YX<X ;
~ J d ~ J = ~ J
W1_SPSW`UWPpgaUVdag'g [ WqTd]gPSadR
WJVOW]\aUdUa_2 PSdRDg [ Wbf^8g^Peg [ = ~ J P6^Hdad
faUTVOPSW\VygVc^dWqaUVco Z ^PeVxab` g [ W + g [ aVcbW1Vk]1w _SPedbVOPS]^8_xWgsOW\_|qTYd]1gcPSaUd X\ dW [ WgOPeg^gWgxgac^
w
xW\_S_Hdad_TgPed W1V [ WgcgPedRUW1VL g^b _eWzab PedgW\RV^_2 ~W ; W\bPpgPSad Z X Wfdbg [ ^g
~W YX<X
= ~ J ; & f aUTVOPSW1VLQ Vc^dWq aUVco f cPed J
@
~W YX<X
> OPSd
@
W]\^ddYa] VcPegcWsg [ Wjc _S^dgOO g^8]
%O
^xO"g_xYYsxY"ssL_Y^&
faUV{]1aUo
9
8
~ > E .
~>
~W YX<X
.
d
A
6 }
@
!
~
[
[
Z
Z
.
W1VcW > 6P {g ?
W UW\V-gPe]^_ k'^ Wb2P _S^]\W1oW1dHg Z agcW\dgPS^_haUV Z VOWgsOTVcW ~ P X W X
^db
b^ ug [ W{^dYRU_SW 'bW Z W1dbW\dgzVOW1fW1]1gcPSaUd]1aW ]1PSW1dHg X [ W{bPpW1VcW1d]\WWgW1W\dvg [ W
VcPSR [ g
A
cPebgW ba g [ gW OWg xagW HTf^8gcPSaU^d ^VOW^ g [ ^8gPSdg [ D
W c_n^8dHWg -g^] xWaUdY_e
w Hda g [ W fW\_eb^8gg [ W
cTYV %^]1W > $ [ W1VcW^ qaUVg [ W Z _n^8dF
W '^ UWbW\]1aUo Z a OPegcPSaU
d Qg [ W Z agcW\dgPS^_xaV Z VcW sOTVcW2P
b^ cTotW\e
b dY]a dJW W\VOYw [ W1VcW2P Z ^8]\W ^db P xWPedgW\V Z VcWg . b^ t^ Z agW1dgPn^8_ &^wg [ W
UW1VOgcPS]^8_ Z O'^ UWtb6P Z _n^]1W\otW\dg Z a8gW\dgcPn^q_ g [ W1
d xW [ '^ UWgcabPeW\VOW\dgPS^8gWsPp
g Peg [ VOgW Z W\]ggca
d Peg [ VcW Z W\]1gga O
T Og]^d]1W\2_ g [ W
PedaUVObW\VgaRUW1gg [ Wa cW1V W\bbf^8g^ X 4uPeW\VOW\dgPS^8gPeaU?
}
%^]gaUVhba 6 PSdg [ WbYW\daUotPSd^8gaUV_SW'^ PSdYR
~ > E
<8
} !
.
~>
Wt]\^dPSdgW1V Z
> c PSd
@
~W X<YX
>
d ~ > OPSd
@
~
W[F_S_LOPSo Z _ewrbWfdYWig [ P6{gca@W A > c X [ W\dJg [ W Z _n^8dW?k^'UWi]\ao
~
A > ;y P6hRUPUW\diW Y^]g_pw?wg [ WO_n^dgOO g^]abQg [ W3bf^8g^
> cPed
~ > y U$
~>
H
A
@
~W X<YX U
Z aUdW1dHg^8g
HTf^8gPeaUd W~
_pgW1Vcdf^8gcP2W\_ewbOg^VOgcPSdRPpg [
~ >
6 8 }
A
xW]\^dbPeW\VOW\dgPS^8gWPpg [ VcWg Z
~ >
fVcaUog [
} !
.
. ~>
!
W1]1gga!sga=RUW1g
} !
A
8 .
P2LWPSdqW\Vkg [ ^8g^8ghg [ W O TV%^8]\W
!
~>
8
A
$
~>
~
xW [ ^W
#!
~W <X YX
XX
~>
!
%
> c PSd
@
> c PSd
@
> O PSd
@
~W <X YX H
"
~W <X YX ;
"
~W <X YX '&
n (nHrpe:tY[HruFrrUHfO Hpt
%'
LV W]\aT_SbOg^VOgbPeVcW1]1g_pwfPpg [
. ~>
!
~
6 }
} !
~W X<YX
: ~
8
.
sgatRUW1gVOPSbabQ
g [ W 6 } ^dYbi]1aUdUW1VOgg [ W Z a8gW\dgcPn^_Pedgat^
W faUTVOPSW\V WsO W\_gVc^dWqaUVco WW\dbiT Z
Peg [
)
,+
: ~ 8 !
$
~>
%
~W <X YX
~
H
7_
gd '
{
@%j =l` f
f
%j+zl
jSlfc
Ol ]+ X
-
/.
3254
10
8.
:9
>
<;
=
76
%@?
^xO"g_xYYsxY"ssL_Y^&
CED
KLK
GJI5PRQSCUT
O
CVb
a
FHGJI
GVF:B
WYX
[/W\I
I:CEQP_^
uh
d
xh
eh kc
zd
i~
td
h1h
g~jc ~
id~
~"h
~ idtf
ckh d
8f ~ehgd
d
id ~eh ~
~ . kd l~
d
d e~
j~
id g~
hgfl~
id ~eh ~
j~
id g~
id ~eh ~
j~
d
ld ~ehg~
dckh
id ~
h ~
h 'yd
kflh
{f
~jh
~
g~
~h
7~
~jh
id g~
i~
d
7~ed ic
~ q-
id ~eh ~
j~
~ jd x~
uhg~
~ehg~
md lc
gdt~eh
~h
kh
uhg~
k)
dc
j~
~jh
h
kh ~
dckh
zhgd ~u
*h
kckh
i~j~
h ~
h
td~
~
kh ~
hg~z~
h ~
i~
~j~
kh
~ e-
e~
ck~ ih ud
zd
h ~ec uh
~rh
~eh
Rd
{f
| d
ld~
gd
uh
w0
7~
~ ~eh _d sd
~eh fih
gd
~
-
8f
kf
f gd
| i~
md
~
c~ ih d
{f
~
ckh
l~ ~jh d i~
id g~
~ mf
rh
~ idtf Ud
i~
jdh
h
d id ic
edth
gd
h qyd
tf d
~eh
h
ck~ ih ud
~h
k~
uh
8f
uh
gd
vh
d
d
-
l~
i~d
~ 8f
mf
}| i~
zd
~ 8f
~"f
*h
idtf
zd
kh
pf
zd
jhgd
idtf
ckh
mf
kf
d
x~jh
kh i~eh
h
hgd
k~
kh
i~}hg~
q-
~eh ~
d ~ e
kckh
h
ed
~ckf h
~jh flh
gd
d d
~e~
zd
^x b]\[ 5b[x b
'
j
R# #`!
:_
!
_3
kn_
q3
&
g
g\
s
b
b
^ 2
WO W i
i
2 ^s
bs
6
b
b
`
b f
b D
b
b
g F
b
s
b
D
F
b
6
b
g&
b
2
F g 2
*
g\ f F
i
b
?
g
2
s
F
`
'
2
b[
f
b
^ *
s 2
&
6
g 6
H~
l~
gt zi~
ph
gk ydtic3l~hq:~ 8fxd
pflijgdkn i!l
g~jhg~se
+fitdh g%
l~eh
0 gi~eh
dg~eh u
kh
H~
ihq
~ehg~#
g~e~jkh1gfihgl~e
!
q
hqHfih
t
zdt
xu ki~j
7~ejk~"fl
l~ehg~
di~
d i~hq
zd1i
$~j
xh $
/l~~im {g
kh
g 20
xug~ Rd
7~
| gy~jhrui
pfiidtk
pfiljdtk !xp
~jek~
k~eh$
dic~
hgick~ k~eh
k~
zi~el~hq
$~j~e
lgi~e
hg~elhg~
~jq~
~eh$
xidtg~ldt~ehg~jie~
~e%d
id l~
~jvd hg~jifij~sgi~
**efii~j
zl~e
/i~ck~ji~ehgdtqugdk
b
$4
$~e\
dit
xh
7~ihgxcugdicl
g~ejkivkhgi~jh
zd<%!
pkhgjdic*f
kl~sldhg~jjgdkl~shgqxi7~e g
!x
~e k~
i~
zid%dlehg~e g~ #kiukidtqtt}tkicl~
~i~tyjf 7kd pp
zh dtg~sgi~{hg' r
x k:dt g~e
i~jedl~k
/i~
pkh uhg
hgdc8
hg @t~eicgnkhgd~khsgi~ehxhg~j~jh
hq
8fxudtkS
8fxd
rkhgi~jhr~ mfiudtk e
/i~7
~eldticrid<~jhg~j8gdugdk
dtdtk
k~ekhr"d6uh ~ gd3emkh id
zdtghg~ g7~eRrgi~uhg
~jic#xhg~~jh
8lki~x
!
/u<
y<q
ute
Rj
tjk
pOr
r u ]p oWo " y } n } n]o opqy r } y `u/vY} n]o [w]<oWp r z pr u]z oo wr } y `u t rt o y r }|} n]o$o ux[`vY} n]oOnxr` } op u
pOr L} n]o p
<mej
@@@zy8lmikRmiixim8lkl{m
!eki~e /gj~ehg
i
i~je~
hg~jifij~*
l~ 8fxdlcgi~#ui
h$vgdthgmifij~s3fmldtdh
pfiid
q
s
^
b
2
xh $skhgi~jh~ 8fxugdk
~gdtic
q}!l
l
e e
g
*
_
g
!4
8fxd:
~sc~j
k&
dtd
! i~~ mfiudtk
zdtg
8fxudtk:
!
!
!
!
zi~jhg~ 7!
2
s b
s b
gdtld
~ekh
/8f
~j g~
~jdggi~ck~el~ehu
" "
zi~jhg~
~
zdtii
/i~j
zd<
xh
!
"
pkh
8fxugdkH
8fxugdkv
!
pkfih
pfiidtk !
xh $
xhu~~eh deudtk
hg~elfie~ 1ggi~
gdtickt~
H~
7~edlcHl~
ck~el~ehudt@ hg~
ghgdsu
b b
^ F
b 6
`
f
b F
zdtg
i
7kfilxh
$%lxhgiudtk
k~jjgkh
zd<ifl
r 0
7~edlc
xh $khgi~jh
p%!
\
*
mfiudtk
gdti~
k~jjgkhi%di
kh i~eh
[ s
pfihrjkfiit~e
8
b*
b*
e b
L s
g
~ _i~dil~e7~eii~j
~hgh d k~{urgi~
/uingi~h dckxi
gk
ek gdl~ehgdtici~
6
^
~"qid
g
lkidti~quh hq
~ejgkh
e7ki~j8
i
l~viu%ugdk
e7ki~j8 *
g
$
f
/i~ g~uhg~i~jkfiit~e
qu
zdt
7~#i~ kg~e
utfi~zihg i~j
r+
^x b]\[!5b[x b
?
"#"%$
&')(*'e,+.-
6W g
/+03
x~
8fxugdk
pkh
k
_32+j4
b
6 j 2
\&
8fxd
uiu g
6 s *
gud
jk
dt
iiidlc{
pfiid*!x
zld%
x~
!ip
'
i
?&
b
6
2
W
98
6
^
b
98
:
76
98
;
7
6
7
6
]"
b
F
k
2
2 2 b
g
2
i
b
i
h
b F
$
F '
=<?> <?@BA
^
~
* g
\
b F DCW
7E q
2 ^s b
5 s
F
b
"
f
*
i
2
f W
2
W
b[
&
g
0 e
i z
iu
gud
xu
8fxd
x~ i~
%idtg (
d
!x
eiidtgdk
pkh
~yd
i
ufl~
gdtk
0 ni~jh
gk k~*gx
kh
g~j~
/dtidtgd
7kfilxh
kfyd3~im
pkhu
gx
d ri~
!x
ph{tRd
fledt~e
zdth ~ g7~e!
8fxd
GF
de~u
/id ckd ~ !x
K ML
!x
g
OL
i~viih qldt*~
GF
H
IF
pkh fiz 7 k~
pkh
H~
$%h$
xkh
7~"
~eh$
zd<
xh
~jek~
%!x g
!x
p%!ip g
JF
l
2 s b
zid%d3gfihgckd k~
qe
O 2
rtmckkxu _khidt~ee~
zdtg::dtidtgd
zd g~}dl~qh uiihgqyd
~e
W
b \ K
udtkgl~efih k~!x
~etz
zdgfihgkfy
jk gd
h ~
gflgdk
ufi~
i~e7~ei ekgd8fikf
~eii~
K NF p K
>
Rdid<d
d ruiihgqydug~#l~"i~eh d uud k~
2 2 g
$~j
K
hg~jefih gdtk
ufi~ihg i~j
gktfldtk
pkhdt @7
_fi~jhe- z~im
/8f
7kfiiih
ufi~ih it~e
F
F
p%!x
ufi~}ihg i~j
/i~"7~jdu
pkh @7kdt8
zi~jhg~
xid<~dt8g~eh u
! pp
kflgdknihg mdl~e
!xp
x k~flid 8fi~
eit~jg~{id gef
kh i~eh
ph kEl~#~q
7~edlc3fi%:~e gdt~eh{g
k5i~}did<d
/i~
eiidtgdkgi~"et g~j
pkhuRd
pkt
7~
i
7kfili~eiekgd8fikf j
0 ildtdtkHg
ih i~j
utfi~ i
_fit~ehe- ~jgim
PRQTSVUWSRUX?SVY[
Z \%]_^W] W` ]BabSVYTYcSedMSRYgf fihBSkjl\)YmfcSRniop\)]rq
Yc^Bos]_\%fiS[nVtvughBSRwr\%YcSxnmopUWy ` wzfihBS*op]_^SRy:SR]_^SR]bf
\%]:^r^SRy:SR]_^SR]bf{\)Yio|\%X ` S[n d}\)]~\)X_nmfiY\)qf t
[o|nlnc\%o|^Wf nc\9fcopnmdMwWfihBSR
opy_ncqhBosfixq ]:^o7fco ]osd!fih_SVYcSSVo|nmfcnl\]BUkX:SRYl=nm_qhzfih_\%fd l
Y \ `s` Z! i<m%$
y R %
i
7t
P
P
@@ zy8kyzk8}q
?g
d z
~jeduq
~s l~sc~ei~jhkl~
K
K ML
ML
K GF K F
$~jv~jgiy
NF
l
eq
6
j
` $
$
g
b
gg &
6
"
2
b
6 : F K F
6
2
b : F 7
:
6
bz g
_ F 2 F
F
M
6
F b
x
`O
b
e
Y
b
` j
6 b
f
d gi~}dt~jhugdk
pfiijgdk/d:gi~eh
ilhgqydudtku_ckd k~e
7~l~j~jhgdi~jd
l~
uhgdtkf
_fit~ehz~im
p
i~~jlyd
i~r
'
yd
zdi~jtf
~eHki~
flick~
!ip
d zj~ehg*
7~ Rhgi~jh
kh fiieudtk
di~ i~
gdg
pfih gkhgi~jh
dithgfit~
mfiihfih ~h fi~
p
zi~eh ~
~jhgxu #gi~ $
khg
&
8~
zfiick~
p
g~jhgdt~
xkh
%i~e~d l%dti~e
p!l F
qytkh
0 e
flg
$~j e
d x
flg@m7~
dicgi~dtg~ehgudtk
~
pfiidtk
zi~jhg~
i~
gktfldtk i~
NF
NF
e
dtkH
5
h
'
%!
%!
F
(
F
2 b
!ip
8fxugdkv
b~
^
2 6
~x ~*ckd k~eH~li~ {
gflgdk"ckd k~j
$~j"~im d R 8fi~jhgdtqmd~jckhd
flg~im"d
gktfldtk
/i~zzfiick~
%!
!xp
%
pkh fi~
gdtlt
| d g- hgfit~ziitd~eg
gdtick~
& ]
8fx
$~eHd~jckhdH~jgiy egi~lihgqydu~
0
!x
x /gi~
NF
p
!
xkh/~lit~ lgi~
/8f
%!
`
gflgdk{uRl~/ihg~ ydtkf
^ b
kfydui~
q
$~e
$~ji~j~ji
^x b]\[!5b[x b
~
`
g
'
kgi~
f $
g$
kflgdku{gi~ih ~ mdf
k~ei
jklfl~
~jly rd
$~j
h gdic
zi~jhg~
K qe K
ufi~
2 `
3ck~i~*~im
h g~e:kl~
H~ zdtiljk
di~jhfltd $~e
pflh l~ehi~%dtgi~"dg~ehg~
b
b ? h 2 sj
e
g
[
^
b,
C
?E
2
k
b
b
g
s
s
"
g|
'
6 F
20
b k
F ]
g
; k e
2
i 2
?
"&
H~x k~"i
i~ ~etk~j
hgedticiH+litmdlc3ki~ l~
8fxudtkH
gdlck~
ckhgudtk
~lk- hg~e<qh ~
eflh k~ m d u~
~sqvi*dckhgudtk
eii~e
F
`
ph
ml
"
F
g~eh ~ql~eh
H~vi jk
di~jh
d ~ ~ utfxug~"!xi8
zlhg 8dicdt
~hg~quti~j~eid
g
d
8i
zxugh k~jdt~
zidt%3hqHpkhhgq
~ i~
g k~i~
7kfiiih
g
6
? W
gdthg~ p~jhg~jie~dt}gi~
i~e}d
~jt~eh
/i~
!
p%!
pkh"i~}hq~ mfiudtk e
f m. ~eg!x
2
pkhhq #d g
/i~ih it~ed g
!i}!xm8
!
gim#}hgqi
g~e~
im_ckd
dcfihg~
20
i~qsekdt8fi~d#id
2
]"
6 6
b
^
cd k~j
gfi%}x
% ~
*ickt~ xgi~hg'{i
fi
utfi~ihg l~e
gktfldtki~+
gdtit~ $
~}l~e~e:g
gehgu%l~
7kfiiih
/i~
~t
phgk
h g~e}dhgedtic"hq e
eify~sC hq!E!xp
*
`
~. f
_2+e4
/i~#e
zdtklt
~q}eify~i~hg'mx
fl %3~jly
glygdic hq
vgi~si~jhii
/8f
/+03
zfiick~
zl~ehg~{ckd k~j3hqckm~
gflgdk}
kdt+
i~ k~etki~eckd ~e:i~jhg~
dg~ehg~
l
8fxd
03{_
/i~#mfl~jhgde
zdt5ki~v gi~l~
zi~jhg~*hg'}ckm~
~#i~e~j
"#"9
mfiudtk
kchi gi~e
ly~j
fi% i~
H~qgid v
Jd~jckhugkhe
k ~eh
ih kckhg~
ufl~ihg l~e
g~e
li~hg'~ 8fxugdk
ehghg~jjl~
'#fidtmgi~hg'#~el
zid%
gl
phzh ~bx~jjgdk
zl~sc~ek~jgh
g~jd gd
~y7~eh d~eq
b
?
b `
b^ g
6
b 6
b
b "
pkt
e_+1
gimgdic
~hg~jiue~i~s+
iu. f
!xm8
!xp
!
/8f
/i~+
=
h ` i
6
~q
p%!
md~
!x
gf
~ 8fi~j8hgq q
8fxudtkH
! lv!
gktfldtk zld
b
b~
0
zd<}
0
l~e7~eiidticdidted<tk
s b
xlidic}hgm # i~
pfiidtk
@@ (gz8}lymlqy8}qk
?@(
dtckfihg~
b `
b
| di~
gflgdk l~
glygdic*d kk k~
g
f
id<~jhg~es% u~
5ickt~
'
2 g ' b
g
s
7~
b[
2
~ /- r~imd
kcV
j
g
s * `
gs
lhgd~ ldckh ~
ugd
jgkh
b
^
g
mdh$fxut~jgiy
dk
g}z
p
| fil ~/kkf1gxihgm{?i~pfiidtk
0
6W
zdtg
igxuzdtz~eh dt /
T}kD
sgb
xiidtichgm
l~
ufi~{ihg l~e\hg~j~eu~jit
7kfilxh
gk ydtic*gi~"did<d
pd ~lg~z7kd{Ruxzidt%
d#gi~*i~jhgdd~:gk~ui~jhpfiidtkgxg'gi~egi~*h yu{{:
d_e~eh
ehghg~bg7kig
~ji~ji~/gi~/hgmR:
g~/jklfl~jxyxildicl~Wpfiijgdk
:kfydtqmh
g~jhgdt~
m x
p
,
m
eq
~ ~e~xxi~jck~jjdtic"idtcki~eh/hgi~jhzg~eh 3b
p
p
g~j~dgfidtgdk~jt3zxurgid~)yih ~Rgd3~e}bjk}gdti~ehi~sxhg?7kdtpfiijgdkgizdt
dtckfihg~?k
x/i~%ic~ez"i~jfihR~{u#
#
zi~jhg~
dVx~/gi~~8fxugdk
di~dt~eh e~jl~zd<gi~/
,_ydj~_tddxugdic
phgLgi~,pktzdlcgdtfi<%_
i~jkf}~8fxugdk}
?
:!_,z*?!B}*:!}:!,?_Ml?
x0
dcfihg~/?k !
~b/gk-7~jgimphWxiidtichgm{j
ckdk~
p
| ~ed~jhgih ~j ~b/-s~jgiy:gdtidlciz
gi~}@_ydtkicick~j8g
l~jfihR~*:[gmedu~jzdtgi~"did<d7kdt8r
/mfzdt7~etg~jhki~?1i~
hgm[Wpkh/$%h$dlc"kdtW~%im ~?v~#kl~
hgm[gi~gtk7~{d
zi~d!'*d7~j~e~e}i~
dtjrmdicjkifl~j
qudt
i
m
6kdt8fidicdidzq~{i~{l~{ck~ji~ehgih[ rkhgl~ehr ~b/gk-7~jly
H
pkhziiidlcl~
hgm[/?RuhRidtghh$*ldt~ehg~jd:i~pfiljdtk
L
H
i
i
c
dtcki~jhkhgi~jh
~b/gk@y7~~im}qu=7~l%udi~jI
h fiieu~j.qmkh3g~jhgd~b3pkh
"
h ~jdidtic:khg~3g~ehgd
l~
kh i~ehz ~)/k}~jlyd. f
L
H
xkh~)lit~?/hg~%dtidlcHklti~dl~qh"~jhgkfi[
}lihgydudtic*gi~/pfiid
kfi{lihgydudtic
i
i
?
i
i
@@ (gz8}lymlqy8}qk
?@
p
zid%}*u}phgk
$#
xdg~ehgz?eki~e{?
d
dzi~bii~e?i~tdi~ehiidtic
m
dgi~ddt?/
l~sl~ehgduudk~?
r
!
"
x
"
p
%"
(
(
~bxl~e}didWq
"
'&
| d ~e}?gi~dtg~ehd
L
H
)*)*) (
(
)*)*) (
i
/.10
,+-"
i
ke?id?
i
i
'&
ih Bmdti~egx:jkfih[ ~?xiu/i~
i
((
=
L
ugdRi~
d/lki~l~eh/xugi~
~#x~
zld%
kjidd/d~eh gdit~
2 3547698;:
<s
~j
o
=<s
ze}gdti~eh}~)li~:x ~b/
>
H~si~
F<
>
~)/k sdtg~ehddl~e
HG L
>
il~ehg~)pkhg~
~jly}ild~j
@?
>
HG
u
@?
C
I? G G
HG
GC
BA BA
BA E
V?k y
V?k y
DC
pflijgdk
BA
V?k y
BA
V?k y k
KJ/J
:!_,z*?!B}*:!}:!,?_Ml?
/i~pflijgdk
>
x?pfihh y[u
~jkk~jhgck~"
=<s
l~d ~b/
ML ON
zi
gjefihgj@?ki~#xh$d*dttdkzd<idt
dtg~ehgudtk}er
/~jgimek~ehgc~ldd<jkk~jhgck~b/tc8dizq!mdf}e*
EA
>
?7k~/it?xi~kdt{g
1N
'?PP
khg}bdt}gi~ugUiuil~ehg~
RA
SA
fiidpkhgt~~j~e i
"dt
Q
zhg~jihg~bg~egdic$%h$dticufi~bld ghgdifl~j
@h
l~g~#$%h$dlcufi~bekk~jhgck~j: g~eh
=<7
d<~jhugdk}r?k ~b/gk
;
VN <s
#~jgim/xk~jh
$%h$dlc
> T
$U
l~ehg~
fy#gi~37~eimdtkhdhugi~ehseitdeu~j
ld
e~eh
#_~e? ~jikfic}fiii~jh[$%i
m 8dlcui~ick~j8rl~/8fxihgudt"u~e%?_i~bg~"7kd[el~dh %u8ldic*g
~j~e3dtvdl}d/xui~ehehgd<dtq7kdt8[z?gi~pflijgdkgigi~%ic~erzdtg7~k~eh$}i~qh t
XW
ilhgydudtkl~h ye
i~gflgdkgsgididt~erdRg#f} ~r$~j@t~eicghg~e_ludtk
M
Y v
@*ui~jh
[Z
\^]X_D`R]H`ekDa]cb
kc
Od T e^f.hgR]9ir
T
pkhi~jde
gv
/i~#hg%l~j@mxih i~jEdxii~shgm[/?gi~~8fxugdk
jP
BA B?
kl k
/i~ zck~ji~ehgq:g~~zdtjk}gdti~ehzd/#pflijgdk**lidic/ph k
-G
pfiidtkx?eki~e{ ,
F<
~)/k s~imq
Dm L
9n
rnom
s&
_dgi~1dk~jh[g~?mi~
Dm @nom) Dm
't Dm
ke?idsuh d
i}hg~8fidthg~iu
nm-t
muwvyx{z y
dt
BA qp
~
:~f}hg~e_gi~k$h dji~)xid<d
x |P
BA B}
V?k y
=<7
?E Y r
EA
zl~ehg~
6
m#
~jly
H~sckd~
r~)lit~
P
V?k y
nom# t 0
?l
nozm mt 0
6
| fi%v
zi~jhg~
V?k y
R~eh ~
KJR
@@ z8}lymlqy8}qk
15
10
-3
-2
-1
100
200
400
500
600
300
-1
-2
-3
EA
dtckfihg~k
7ggk
=<
~b/gk 7/~imlidt~eg"pfiljdtkzd<pkflhhgm[
=?PP
xcfihg~zgii~zh y[_zid%~q%?
/A
7~j~e~e ui
l
#
*/i~
KJ/
:!_,z*?!B}*:!}:!,?_Ml?
~xk~?
Dm L
Dm Dm Dm
0
Dm
Dm
0
Dm
~ %nm
kduiihgydugdk u~
m
t
/idiih ydt*ugdkHd~%mhg~j~jt
6 d<jkhgh ~g7kiv~b[g~jdut5:7~ehVpkhgdlc:
dt7kh dt.g~edgd3dtk~ehRgdtk.zi~eh ~
ih ~$% dckhgudtkgckd~exvd~bpkh
dRi~pfiijgdk
?
*
| ~e~
pkhkhg~
i~%dtj
h gg
kcc
T_s]X_5\^]1g^_vgVhd
g}z
kij~elgfxtt_gi~gdtit~$~jly
pkh,gkydtic3:@7kd7kfilxh ufi~*ihgl~eph
~
qu7~#dtM@7g~jdi~g~j}g~sxzphgk~mi~exd8flg~%xick~brdtgi~% u~elck~b
?/hgqzdt_qf} ~uhgck~%xlck~dtHgi~*~jii7kd{s?gi ~hq!e
i~ehCR xi
XN /
eki~b[Ei
<7
emi~hgfi}{d}hgf}i~:d<
gii
ei~j
/idsds~ ~jed<hgfl~
ujki~/d~jlg~e"gq{iu_d{ihdte~?zl~ei~)k~eh1 iyudlc
~
fligi~ehqgi~hq!zidt%nef} ~ iyudlcjyl~
~
~
ihg~e :iz
t$zq!g~e~jU#7~#:[gmedu~jzdtk~jh ~q ~)k~j8[e
utfi~{lhgit~ezph
~
hq!zid%hg~idt
~euizidt%zdtck~ji~ehgu~ ?it~ kfyd}/~b~epkh~eh ~q
~b~e{*dgxui
eki~be
fi<dti~%glygdicl/ldd~%yg~e} dk5?khgldxh$
tkic{gi~},_ydi
gimz"hquz~q%}ki~
iyudlc} ifl#~%im ~
7kd[
kdtidic#i~dtiidmdtifx7hq!zekdt8fikf} t
dtckfih ~k i
dldtdilhgydudtk}gi~#:
dhg'mx m7~eh x}3 hgdc8dl~ 8gi~ev~jh flh[idtic
l~/d~jhgdhg~jck~e{?l~/xuueehgidtic k~/lhg~ eh dlgdk/idihg~bgeh dlgdk"dc8
W
l~
/i~j
5
/}/l~kflixh$eiidtgdkqgi~e7~f}g~j}g"~edtdtxug~?gi~fi 8iz}j
=<
~
kdtidlc#l~gkflhge~uihg~ej~edk~ehjhkhg~i~jdg~j~
KJ
@@ z'l8l<Rmlix'iy8yki{8x
x
1
dtckfihg~
I
x
4
x
3
x
6
kdidticHgi~e
e8gd8fikfgt
"#"
+e2_/'
z'
~(_35kn_
N
q3
xut8dt,gflgdk}*gi~"hqv~8fxugdk
O
~jhR~e
Rcdk~bx<8dgflgdk}zpkh~uh dkf}
B
wB
x?zjk} ckhld~e
6
6
D 0
jk} Rckhgidt~e?
ui
l~ei~hg'mx}zh ~8fxihgudtk<mikd1dthgj~jic*/id/dihg?x?i<*l~gdit~
xut8dtz kfyd3pkh*dtiikkck~ji~ef}~eldfi}
| dtdth t?di~zk~etyjdt@x?#jk}
gtzi~Ryl~e
didt~ej~bzd ~/?gldk,xkh~)lit~?d1gi~"yi~jRdrek?g~e?ity
khj~et~zd<idt
~qu%?zidt%gi~k~jmedt@{x?1ek %u81ckhgidt~eijhgRxzid%ekgd8fidt@{?k~etyjdt@
ddt8dl~eggi~el~uxt8gdhg'mx
zdekgd$s?gygit
xkh1kh ~zi~jd?idlihgu%g~j~l~rx7~ehk
o
lcg o
~ehg%l~i
A
flt~eh
zld%
dxfi~ele~ev*u8*~jkit~ikdlc ~edgdkchi
"#"
'5(*'++e
4
'5
~ 5Q
? 5
5 R ~
w
3
5 5 ~} 5 Bb~b 5 ~
5 Q
5
~Q Q ; ~ ~R ?9) Q Q 5
5
x
j eui z e
q8 g
p
j e
z t%
ski<
gkU q
j tqigy e
e
ei
zg
$g
3
t
5 Q
5 Q
5
eie
vug el t uiitg
jgiy
u
u k
/
:!_,z *?!B}*:!}:!,?_M ?
5 ?
~ ~5 ? 5,?A)m>>[*A!_
, z
Q @)c)vzR<~?)>Om$[<?>><?mc_Aw-9vR ~R<?mc_@ ~?-
Q
? ~ 5V
Q Q ?w !
Q 5
Q 5 5
5
{ ? ~ Q
? l Q l }
x i<i
g { Rg
Jxuv
gl
rx
e t e
g7ku tk / g
e<
j i sg ek lu tkxe $ z
'o
"#"
3/+
et
e}
lu
gq
q e
u k*
q
{i
xqgt
im
~(X$5
3(*'
. NF
(
: Hx
e t
g
x < t
ei
%
i%
jly
jj
x
il
k
g
e i
ki7
k
i z
ri g
7 l/ s7 t8
j
t e
e y
p
7
jj
i ui
/
zi
x
e j
i%n
*gty u
$k
$k
t*
ys t
t
/ * t
et
xu k
7 il e
t su
tkS
t/jk e
g
ukx
u t {
et
iu tk
k
yit
i:
i <z
1ety
xu kH
g'
g
j
kxu
g'
g i e
Hi
p
@g
e t
#ui
i
k
kki<
$
g
qm
sx
i
Q 5 5 5
lg "g sg
NF
(
x
jg
F ((
F ((
i
5 b
z t%
(
(
C
5s k 5 5
5
5Q
N ~ 5 5
w l
?
F ( (
k }q
x < t
i
ei l g
k s
g{k
u tk"s
t
Q 5
R 3
81xui t ?
iuz
z? s g
D Q =
c
ki
/ei e
xu k
g"x
{[
@@ 8ixmm yk8k<
~Q b rw }
[ ~ ~ 5
t
tg
u
C 5 Q
/
t t{
i<
tx
zi
t*u k
XQ k ~Q
QVB g
j j8
5}
j F
W
xu k
ti e
x
F
ki
jt*x u j
C
x
%ii
QMB
gu tkg:
q~
7i
e%
4 0(a%1r'5O5
"#"
5 H Q 3
~ F =
?
"k
p z?[
p
rg}
~
/[ x
5 Q 3 5
5QbQ w ~<7
j)
; N
5
~ 5 l 5 % 5 5
Q 5 ! 5 5
= 5
~
5 ? h
z 5 5 Q
5 ~Q ? ~ ~ 5o W :
m jik
#
g%iljy
x
ik
jg gxu
gk
gk
w jg
k #ir
7 t8k
xg e
8e
e<*e i # g
8
i it3i
l*
q
#ekl
gk
e 7 l
e
t z
ukx
ei
:!_,z *?!B}*:!}:!,?_M ?
! #"$
?
)
?~
[
?~
w
S:HI@BE9?^I]@ H@>:>R@(ISR H>:3i:@g>H\DUc:@]:G8 Q]:\:@]:
(&5.46&;h8+d+?&jQ8')>+?&3z>n;r*?mDun2tp>uvnws@xOm{?s-hG; T G; (<>78-+F&5b>q;s>6p>q?s-IxRz>nx:m?s-
T G; P G;
5+h G; @ T b5- 078)S+ _+F5& 5- 2FK Q5784 l0 M<SQ+ ;)B7%<@+N+F5& 'l5F&%CR);7c+e&5q;s*Fp>quK{IxFFp>uvnws@x
m {?-s ;+?5& 5
7 8+j G; Sj rNL+?5& Q/;):4<>/Q+ Q87H4<SQ+ ;)B%7 F) B) 0+?)_ ,)<>(+?& N' 0,&FC8<>4 .57
B) 0+?)3 F)H8+?5& b5- 2FK Q07H4 0 M<SQ+ ;)B$
7 .^F~< ;-`+F)* 6s@xHrDn;rDumDxMKu
F)B8<>8/.1+F5& f'*)B'
+ .'_CR) +6<>7c+ Q5Q 8/2M+ .77 8' ;4<S/ G <M ;Q4<S/;/ 5-<@ <E5& 5) Q5'[M N(<
/ .57
< M57 .Q+ 5- .K 0784 5 8<S+ .)B'
7 .40)B78 ;+ 07c+w .+F&E<s 5/;/CR)BQ 5-N/ ;57 0~< ;57 2+ ;<>/@S<>/ 55C F)>8/ 5'[
+?& 07Z+6<>5 ./ 2+1 M
< ?<>7c+ 0g40)B7c Q5784
5C ,)B8/ 5' ;^?
< ;-e+?)f bs 5/;/2Ci)>Q 0%- .9 .+g<>-8' .+F(<
857 . 5bF)B/ H+ .)B7(5& ;46&h5- 5C 578-8^40)B7c+ .7 8) 8,/.1`)B7e+?& Q-8<S+6< M) '*) G5- 5+?~< ;/.dQ A}@
/2+ .'f<SQ+ 0/213<>/;/MM7 .+ g5- .K 0784 Gl' D+?&8):-8a~< QgM<>Q 5-e)B7<t1:/.) dQ Q0<>CH5C F) ;'_<S+ .)B78)>+?&
F )>/ HQ+ ;)B78P+?)A+?5& G MM) o8<S'_C8/ >I/ 5+j Q<>7h~< ,5 .Q+ ?~< ;/2135- .K 07c+ ;<>8/ g; 87845Q+ ;)B7`)SL)B7
Q0<>/S~< Q;<>8/ >I+F5& 0%
7 ;7H40/ H5- ;57 Q+ ,'_ 8Ce+?)3) ,5- +F5& Qb Q&M< >
A Y U Y ig9 Y ~B X ^ v Y ~?c C ^ v Y
*BPqB
<>78 Y U Y i Y B X Y L ~?B C Y o
* BPBAc
9 F,+^<S-85- ;7 8I+F5& 07[Q 8HQ+ ?<>4D+ .57 A+?5& 5Q b+a
) 0 M<SQ+ ;)B7H( 5+05 Q5FC 045Q+ .~ 0/.1
Y UA Y U| \ Y X Y
* BP\
<>78A Y RL Y U Bi Y o
* BPqB
& 8f &M<~ [+?& [9)B/./;)tw ;57 O<SC85C F) ;'_<SQ+ ;)B789~) *+F5& h5 F,+<>78-Q 045)B78-- Q2S<S+ 2 h)>j+?&
;8784D+ .)B7ZE
* BPB?c
Y A Y R@ cA X Y Y R
<>78 Y Y ULB Y U
*BPqpB
Ua)>+F&f)>+?5& 5Q j<SC85C F) ;'_<SQ+ ;)B78~< g 045)B78-I) F5- d<>454 5F<S+ ;73+?5& g5- ;,4 5+ .<SQ+ ;)B7 E
.:fw X
5& .l' 0<>78L+F&M<S++?5& rQ,) Lw ;/./\ r05- H4 0-*c1E)>57 Dw9) 5,+Fo& .8+F5& d5- .F4 Q5Q+ ;0<S+ .)B7 ;O Q55- 84 5-3\1
)B57 o&M<S/.R ;' ;/]
< F/.1> 29 .7 M<SQ+ ;)B7H EPqt6 EPEAcP M>78) QGQ+ F'*(5& ;46&Z~< QQ X ^<S785& B5& 078V
- 8Cw .+F&_+?& g9)B/./;)tw ;57 GH ,,+) ,5- 9) ,a~< F-<>78-M<S46\a~< ,-e<>C85C ,)t .'f<SQ+ ;)B7H+F)
Y o
Y Y U L Y
* BPB}c
<>78 Y Y Y %R
* BP Y
r
XF (D8\8\H2=B8I@:28H
Q t M E7 * `Z
7+?5& `H ,,+*CM~< +3)>g+F5& ;346&M<SCH+3ew;/;/P40)B7HQ;-A;8784D+;)>78A)>g)B75eFCM<S4[<>78-)B75+.'l
S~< Q;<>8/ ~E& ; ;jC 5Q5/.1O<`78)>+?<S+ .)B7M<>/40)B7c~ 057 0784 ~5& _<SC85C F)>5C Q;<S+ Ss Aw ;/.9/ 2 A+?&
'*) Q057 ?<>/U9) ,' 8/]
< =<>7H-,+?<>5 ;/ .+1345)B785- 2+ ;)>78 5& G5- ;,4 5+ .<SQ+ ;)B7*)>+F5& jFC8<>4 G<S78-f+ .l'
<@ 0 ;5 Y Y V V
89) ;7c+ , <>7H- 5& 07hs Q&M< A
.
5& ^Q .'_C8/ 0+M57 .Q+ (5- .K 0784 =<>CH5C F) ;'_<S+ .)B7E+F)Q+F5& g7H)B785- .l' 578Q .)B7M<>/v40)>78,+?<>7c+a45) _4 57\+6
5& 0<S+ 0 M<SQ+ ;)B7
UT MX6T
MV 8Y X
;d+F& 8
T ; T ; T P T ; T
.~.
X
!#"%$'&)(+*,(.-0/1( 2436587:9;-<3,=?>A@B-A(+C9EDF*HGI3J243,K
9 5QQ2ZF&H)(`+F&5ZF)>/H+Q;)B745)B'*C5H+5-9)ZMJ+;'+5C88Q.75<>7 Y -5.F45+Q;<@+;)>7
Y .*<>7H-< V -;F4QD+;0<S+.)B7 V fMgMHB+?&82.75hR` 23&5Q,)FQ<~375B/.8/S
DI40CH+<S+b+?&53CR);7c+ Y `f(&5Q_+F&53-5.S<S+Q.3)>P+?&5.75.+Q]<>/-M<S+?<[<~3-5;,40)B7c+.78)8
i 7A+?5& ()>+F5& &M<>7H- .Us ;7H4 Q0<>Q V +F
) fM`MIcF)b+?&M<@j+ RbB IB+?5& wQF~) F 540)B' (Q 8H,+6<S7\Q+ ]<>/
\kl
1
0.75
0.5
0.25
0
10
8
FD r=.1
6
2
4
4
6
8
2
10
1
0.75
0.5
0.25
0
0
0.01
0.008
0.006
0.2
Analytic
0.004
0.4
0.002
0.6
0.8
10
0.04
10
0.02
6
2
4
RMS difference
6
2
B mn`o<pq=Q
r2BLm;7<m2+sqa-Om.Ktqupq5784uq(<S78-*<>7M<>/21:+m;4d,)B/ToI+sm;)>7E+?)G+?&Oqm;7<m2+sm]<S/2R)`o87H-M<gp,1=><S/To<qdCOpF)B8/q0'
9)`p+?&OqQ&Oq<S+vq0:oM<S+m;)B7h-<q5F4up)m;Hq0-wm;7`+?&<qb+sqo:+xra&OqN-<m.F4ypq5+m;0<S+sm.)B7`v<>45+F)`pRN.grP&<qzqup)pF)`p,
g< p)q`7<qunB/mTn`m.8/TqSqDI4yq0CH+_<S+A+F&<q`Ci)gm;7c+ Y `[(&Oqupq`+F&<qe-<qup)m.S<S+sm2`q)Sg+F&<qhm;7<m2+sm;<>/P-8<S+6<{m.
<- m.F40)>7\+ m;:7 o8`) oHu r
10
XF (D8\8\H2=B8I@:28H
\k.k
1
0.75
0.5
0.25
0
10
8
FD r=.5
6
2
4
4
6
8
2
10
1
0.75
0.5
0.25
0
0
0.01
0.008
Analytic
0.006
0.2
0.004
0.4
0.002
0.6
0.8
10
0.25
0.2
0.15
0.1
0.05
0
10
8
6
2
RMS difference
4
6
2
B mn`o<pq=Q
rfILm;7<m2+sqa-Om.Ktqupq5784uq(<S78-*<>7M<>/21:+m;4d,)B/ToI+sm;)>7E+?)G+?&Oqm;7<m2+sm]<S/2R)`o87H-M<gp,1=><S/To<qdCOpF)B8/q0'
9)`p+?&OqQ&Oq<S+vq0:oM<S+m;)B7h-<q5F4up)m;Hq0-wm;7`+?&<qb+sqo:+xra&OqN-<m.F4ypq5+m;0<S+sm.)B7`v<>45+F)`pRNU|
rP&<qzqup)pF)`p,
g< p)qQ)o88+6<>7c+sm;<>/<>78-#n`p,)t}m;7<nA}m.+F&`+sm;'dqgr
10
\ k~
S:HI@BE9?^I]@ H@>:>R@(ISR H>:3i:@g>H\DUc:@]:G8 Q]:\:@]:
<>78-O<S45+so8<>/;/21wngpF)t}m.+?&Z+m;'dq`vBmTn`oOpqf
rU>YrG)`quq%)o8+j(&M<S+m.=&M<SC8Ctq57<m;7On8/TqD+Io8j}p)m.+q
+?O& m; qoHCHT/ m;y4 m.+s+ m.' qvm;7cs+ qyn`p?<S+ m;)B7f<><E/ m;<7 q0g< pa)>tC qyp?<S+F`) pur : oM<S+ m;)B7JQ
r2` rfB40<>7`t q%qDI<C pq5F) q0-Z<S
T
T
T X
r.g rfc
r
rr
HT
(
8R> R
M
M
T
R
(8R> R M T X
M
R
( 8R> r R Tr
rrr
rr
rr
M
0
M
R
8R> HT
`) p(<>
) _
4
(<& qypq; qoH q^<ji)>/;-Iwv<>u4 q +?)G<- q578)>+ qg<=g q04D+?`) p<>,F):u4 m]<@s+ q0-} m2+?&+F<& qFCM<@s+ m]<SO/ n`p)m;- r<& q m.<7 nBT/ q
oH8Fy4 pm;CI+g7H)<- q078)Ss+ q0+F<& qGs+ m;d
' qG<- m.Fu4 p)q5 + m;<@s+ m;)>7 rB qQ&8<tg qNch1 m.78<- o84Ds+ m.)B7
(
,
) m.7\g q0s+ mTnB<Ss+ qG+?O& qQCR)>+ q07cs+ m;<> / n`pF)t+F&[)> qup)pF`) p,0UT/ qDx+ ( o8C8CR)B) qQ+F&M<SF+ m;78s+ q0<>-[)SL,tC q5u4 m.
1 m.<7 n
qDH<>4D+?/21BU; q,tC q5u4 m21[,)Bd
' q (O& m;46&Z<- m26K qypF^F/ mTnB&c+?/21 pF)>' +?<& qzqDH<>45I+ m;<7 m2s+ m]<S/-M<S+?O< r(<& qqyppFg) p
m;d+F<& q0
7 1 r i p0M<@++?<& q +F&e+ m;d' qG,+ q0C
@(
^ M<7 m2s+ qb<- m.tK qup)q078y4 qN,46<& q0d
' qb} m;/;6/ pq0'_g< m.7`,+6<S8T/ qm.+?O& qqypp,`) p}SI p)q0'_g< m;7Hi`) oH78<- q0-<>
r
<& m.0< m.7fs+ o<p,7< p)q0: o<mTp)q0+?&8<S+d+?O& q'qumTngq07cS<>T/ o<q5d)> t q=T/ q0,d+?&M <S7B8 m.78u4 q'@F pq0) o8/.+Fa pF)>'+? O& q
pq5tC q0<Ss+ q5-<SC8C8T/ m.4<S+ m;)B7f)>+F<& qb'f<@s+ pmf+F)f<S7[8< pF< m2s+ p?8< p,1fg q04D+?`) pyr
q5B+ o8B p)q5} pm2s+ q+?<& qa+ pm.<- m]g< n>)B7M<>/B'_<S+ pm2
<>+F<& q;m.<- q07cs+ m2+1Q'f<S+ pmbC8T/ oHB Rs+ m.
' q5+F<& qP+ pm;O- m]g< nB)>7M<>/
r
Yw
Q)\ Y
XF (D8\8\H2=B8I@:28H
'_<S+sp)m28 (&<qypq
\k
M % % M
8 r
rrr
rr
M M I
&<qA'_<S+sp)m2w8 &M<Sjtqyq07q0/;/+so8-<mq0-<S78-{m.+F%qymTn`q57\S<>/ o<q0j<>78-qumn`q07cgq045+F)`pFb<8pq\78)t(7
qDH<>4D+?/21, @wRCr%|@KrF7CM<gp,+m;4yo8/]<gp}m2+?%qymTn`q57c><S/To<q5=g< p)qf^ m;7 ;X X F r=&OqE'*)`pqzn`q07<qyp?<>/
pq5o8/2+Fm;d+?&8<S++?&<qqymTn`q57\S<>/o<q0()>+?&OqN +pm;-Om]g< nB)>7M<>/
M M
M
M
I r
r
rr r r
M
M
<gp)q
: 45)B u O
%
&<qQ'qD+?&8):-h)>j;pF<>78e<>78-wLvm.40)B/.F)B7#m.7\>)B/.gq0Fpq5C8/]<>4ym;7<nA+F&<qN)q045)B78--Oqupm2S<S+sm2`qG+sqypF'm;7e+?&Oq
&<q0<S+ q5
o8<Ss+ m.)B7f} m.+F& m.+F8<7 m.+ q=<- m26K qypq07Hu4 q%p)q0<C p)q0) q07c+6<S+ m;)B7e<@+a+?O& q +F&`<>78- D,+Ps+ m.' q(,+ q0C8y r
7h)>+?<& qypa`) p,-80A m.78,+ q<>-h)>
o8<Ss+ m.)B7Q
r2` rfBDI; qQ&M<` qS
T . T ;
r.g r\
!#"
XF (D8\8\H2=B8I@:28H
~F
Explicit/Implicit ratio of work
1.8
1.6
1.4
12
14
16
18
20
B mn`o<pqA
rfI ^ FoH'm.7<nRN2N9)`p+F&<qzqoIC8/Tm.4um.+('dq5+F&8):-[<S78-RNb9)`p+?&<qm;'*C8/Tm.4um2+:&<qup)qzm.
<fC8/.)>+gF&8)t}m;7Onf+?&<qzp?<S+m;)_)>P)`pFhtqD+;qyq07+?&OqE+a)f'qD+?&8):-8j<Sj<_o87H45+sm.)B7Z)>L+?&<q7:o8'Etqyp
)>1M)B<S+sm.7<nCR)`m;7c+P)BCtqyp?<S+m;)B7HaCHqupd-<m2
m;-<qg)B7e<ECM<gp+sm.4uo8/;<gpP45)B'*C<oH+sqypurm2+?&`<N+1:C<m.4<>/RS<>/To<qg)>
Q |3`) pE3 2-M)c<S+ m;<7 n_Cig) m;7c+=)>tC qyp?<S+ m;)B78^HC qup=O- m.
m;<- qSM; q40<>7Z) quqE+F&M<S+=+F<& qNP`) p,w
p)q0: o<mTp)q0-9g) pg+?O& q
+P)[d' q5+F&8)I-H' m;j` qyp,1) m;d' m;/;g< pg7H)>+} m.+F&8,+?<>78<- m.<7 n`+?<& qv<>4D+G+?&M<@+G; q*<7 quq5-J+F#) o8 qAs+ q57s+ m;d' q0b<S
'_<>7c1s+ m.' qjs+ q5C8v m.7`+?<& qqDIC8/ m;y4 m.+40<> q8r
<- m26K qypq07Hu4 qN} m./;/45)B
' qm;7 V r(<& qE
7 oH't qyp=)>% M)c<S+ m;<7 n*Cig) m;7c+^)BtC qyp?<S+ m;)B7Hv p)q0: o<mTp)q0-+F )f HC qup9`) pF'
bg
< o8F) m]<>w7 q0/ m;d' m;7M<S+ m;)B7`)>7Z<f1I'*d' q5s+ p)m;4bs+ p)m;<- m;g< nB)B7M<S/ m;g<>C8<C p,)O m.'f<@s+ q0/21 gcN X (<& qup)q
m;+?<& qg
7 oH't qypd)>4 8)c<Ss+ m.<7 nECR`) m.7\+P)BHC qupF<Ss+ m.)B78? pq0: o<mpq5-f+?)-H)A<N<- m2
m;<- q8r<& m;} m;/./USg< p13 pF)B'
'_<>46<& m;O7 qg+?)A'_<>46<& m.<7 q=O oH+ m;PT/ m.g q0/213+?)H qIm;7_+?<& qIpF<><7 n`q=)> M@+ gMOrL^) } m./;/Rt q=/]g< p)n`q>:F) q
4<S7 mTnB7H`) pq(+?<& qg<- m.tK qup)q078y4 qjH q5+ quq07h$j<>78-` r<& qup)q59`) p)q=+?<& qvp?<S+ m;)Q)>P`) pF*t qD+; qyq07`+?O& q
qDIC8/ m;y4 m.+(<>7H-h+F<& qm;'*C8T/ m.u4 m.+d
' q5+F&8)I-H(} m./;/it qQ<>C8OC pF)
m;'_<Ss+ q5/.1
|>
x M
r.gr52c
(cE X ^B
HC qups+ m.
' qs+ q06C rj;oH++?<& q(&8)>T/ q(Cig) m;7cj+ m;+F&M<S+; q^'_<t1t q^<>8/ qd+?) o8 qg<Ge' o846&_/]g< p)n`qupL+ m;d' q,+ q0C
9`) pG+?O& q m;'*C8/ m;u4 m2+jd' q5+F&8)I6- r o8C8CR)B) q>L9`) pqo8<S'_C8/ q>+?&M<S+b qf<7 qyq0-+Fw) o8) q<>7 Re)>I r2_9`) pb+?O& q
qDIC8/ m;y4 m.+g
' qD+?&8):-80i< oH+j+F&M<S+j q40<>7 o8 q3<S{7 R_)S(E9`) p=+F<& qm.'_C8/ m;y4 m.+^<>C8OC pF)c<>466& rG&M<S+Gd' q<>7H
+?&8<S+(; q8/./<7 quq5-[s+ q57[+ m;d' q0(<>('_<>7c1s+ m.' qGs+ q0CH^9`) pd+F<& qb9`) pFd' qup(<>+F<& qN/;<S+F+ qupyr<& qup)q59`) p)qN+?O& q
p?<@s+ m;)A)SP`) pF`H q5+ quq57[+F<& qG+a)_
' qD+?&8):-8d+?) m.7\+ qun`pF<Ss+ qGg) oH+(+?)*<H
q0-[S<>/ o<qG)>s+ m.' qIm.
M`M
r.gr76B
x gc
`) p'*`) pq'ngq0<7 qyp?<>/./.1
8 M
r.g rfc
x gc
(<& qypq 8 m.^+F<& qpF<Ss+ m.)3)>+?O& qE:7 o8'H qupg)> qoHCHT/ m;y4 m.+(s+ m.' qbs+ q0CH=+?)*+?<& qQ:7 o8'H qup=)S m;'*C8T/ m.u4 m2+as+ m.' q
,+ q0C8y r
~ X
;
<
S:HI@BE9?^I]@'9H@>:>R@(ISR9H>:3i:@g>H\DUc:@]:G8:9Q]:\:@]:
3J( =G;-<3>=@?BA3,>A@=3DF*HGI3J243,K
D
M h
q <gpe
q /TDq +}.m +F&+?&<q#8o )Mo <>/oq HCH/T;m 4y.m +EF46&<5q 'Sq P(&<.m /Tf
q 9)`p D f
| ;e
q &M<`q;?p <S78B
Lv.m 40)B/.F)B76Pr M)`p D b;Qq &M<`E
q <*,)S40<>/;/0q -8o /./.1 ;m '*C8/T.m 4u.m +P'd5q +?&H)I-Pr M)`p D-E U
| +?&ON
q 'd5q +F&8)I-#.m
o87845)B78-<2m +s.m )B7M<>/./.1*,+?<>8/TSq H(&<.m /Tjq 9)`p}Mc D
c UI| H,+6<S<;m /.m +1p0q :o<mp5q ^+F&M<S+
R Y V X c 8 ^
D
^
F
+'m.jCi)>Fm.8/TqN+?)hn`m2`qA<>7J<>78<>/.1\+sm.4E,)B/ToH+m;)B7h+?)+F&<qqDIC8/m;4um2+=M7Om.+sqE-<m.Ktqup)q0784yq3<>C8C<p,)t
m.'f<S+m;)B7
)>(+?&Oq &<q <@+0q :Mo <S+;m )B7.m 7+?&O`q 4<>)fq +?&M<@++?&<`q ,)B/TIo +s;m )>7+?)Z+F&<Iq S G ;m CHqup);m ):-<;m 4*)B7+?&Oqh8o 7<.m +
m;7c+qu,p S<>/\Ur Tg8o +G<>F;m 7h+?&<Qq 4<>)
q )>L40/]<SF.m 4<>/)0q CM<gFp <S+s.m )B7)SLS<gp;m <>8/0q 0M
q <>,8o 'd
q <*F)B/Ho +s.m )B7e)>
+?&OQq -O.m Ktqup5q 784uq5q
8o <S+s.m )B7
T ; ) R T T 8>R T ; R T
Q
.r `2r cM
)>+?&<Gq 9)`,p '
T . dWVY X0
F)3+?&8<S+
) RZVT (SRB[VQIR\VQ
X
VQ
^ m.7+?&<q`+6<>7H-M<gpF-<>CHC<pF)c<S46&+F)Oq0C8<gp?<S+m;)B7%)S^S<gp)m]<>H/Tq05;q`)>8qyp,`q[<S++F&<m;ECi)`m.7c++?&M<@+
+?&OqA/Tq5+jm;-OqA)>+?&<m.Iq0:oM<S+ m;)B7O<- q5tC q578-8b)B78/21)>7 (<& m.T/ qE+F<& qpmnB&c+G m.<- qA<- q0HC q07H-8b)B78/.1[)B7 r
&<qypq59)gpq>UR)>+?&`+qupF'*('eo8+^<>45+ oM<>/;/21H qG40)B7H,+6<S7\u+ r
X)
RZVT ^
RB[ VQ:S RZV ^ ]
X
VQ
(&<qypq_] m;d+F<& qb q0C8g< p?<S+ m;)B7e45)B78,+?<>7cx+ r<& qbF)B/ oHs+ m.)B7+?)
X) `
]aX0a M
m;
Xdc
bd]
X
XF XFfegH>>I\H2^c8I@\288
&<qQ)>+?&Oqupq0:oM<@+sm;)>7
q=a)>7+}n>)+?&<p,)`o<nB&e<>/./R+F&<qj-<qD+6<gm./;5I<oI+}m.+d40<>7`HqjF&8)t(7o8m.7<n+?&Oqj\78)t(7qymTn`q57c><S/To<q5d)>
+?&Obq +p.m -<]m <g>n )B7M<>/U+?&M<@+
](%`L
R );m 7 X > u
<>78-M&<0q 784y>q R<ACM<gp +s;m 4y8o /]<8dp F)B/Ho +s.m )B7`)>+?&<bq -<2m K6qyp5q 784uq0q :Mo <@+s;m )>7w.m
V < V R ] [ MH
rU
rUB
V
V
<qypq5 gpqf m.j)4 >78[ \\YZOn omY<q5u r mtqup)q)= \o<q0d S n`m.g q<mtqup)q)G) ozmY<q5u r
S:HI@BE9?^I]@'9H@>:>R@(ISR9H>:3i:@g>H\DUc:@]:G8:9Q]:\:@]:
t
(x,t)
x - ct = x
BmTngo<pqAQ
r80d\gm\/<q)Hq):<q)yq\Oqa<p[O`p[<qupUtqypFZTm'q0:omYZ6r
<qmY<q
e f<q<qUgp)q 3Uw\:\OYoYrb <q\o<q\0<qZo:smZ
\8pF<
msp8p[I`mY ,[<qtqdZ:
Zu<q\To<qa\Vf<q_mYOnZTqgp)n`odq)'OrO
\<qup`p/<q\O
'Zmm<mm\\To<qmYn`mgq)J
<qm<nZTq
`mY<r
OmYmYmYo[pq)hmYhB mn`o<p)qQ
r< r
ZY3}mY<nT\Z:%N H5o ;q_33W
)mYTqdAp[[O `p[<qupU `p[+gp[IO <m6qypquq<qq_\
OqOtqq:Y3`q` `p_<q<q)q5
osmZ`Tq)\\o:[> Tq\Tn\`pmU<q\mTq
Hqup,
ZmYeq5: osmZrG <mdTq)\
<q\smZd<qZgm\0<qtq<q):uq\
<m6qypq):uq}q0:
omYZo[H q<qU\qU\<qoOqup
mY<nS0 \ <mmY<q-\o
<m sm r
Spuqyq)<m<nmYw<q\q\OmYZ `p_<q<q)q
osmZ4qeo:)Z)mY<qypOq ZY3}mY<n
Ap[[,`pOqup<msqD<mtqup))q ya
q \<[p Om sYm \I\ :o Ym ZzQ
rf
r 3
L 1R O Y F
#
rU
r
Y
U<qypqRb B
_ ) ,r Iq <Ym On <aq <m UZHqup `p l
m -l d O U;q |`q
#
rU
rUZ
|
Y [#R %1R l Y P
\u<q u
q hYm Oo Ym Z
#
rU
5r 2
Y [#R %R l Y
`p
#
rU
r76Z
,[ , +SR %1R l V% D
)Ym <
'
n <aq <Ym \Ym \<)q gp)q aq |`q
V
#SR #FR l
#
rU
rf
,[
\> Z Z
>
^c8@
eg: \:|
<q uq
\u
[[
#SR #FR
V j
rU
r5C
#SR #FR
a\ I\/ ) ) ) \ a
) YZu\: ) -
Oq
V% co
,
#UR R
#Q
rU
rZ
n
L'3^<qaZgm I\%Oq)Hq)<quq_\<qa<m6qypq):uqq):omYZmY
, \
uy IMw)R
<m
q\'<qzYm sqy[p \+
)8RQ \%m
Ym dm U
<_
q q )m uqznZ
q)' uqyp<p3
mYOq)
OqpsmReYm Oq
r <qup)q `p)q <aq `m _c }Ym Ytqm
<Ym m squ#p \m
R c \
#Q
rU
rQZ
<m vm vp)q qup)pq -gpm `
o
\U<qe+ `o<p \ Apm)q <p)Ym q
Z<m sYm \4<qe `)\<m
sm Z4g
p Ym <qz+ `o<p fZ<m sYm \r
)Ym <'
n O
q \g[p <m 6qyp)q :uaq <q q :o Ym ZzQ
rf
r \_
q )quaq <qqup)p `p}n`[p
Ym \
n gqu[p <)q Q
R R j
#U1R R
n
)Z ):
<m ngm `q o
<q uqdmYOq[<mYmOu\0<qdq41<p3
mYOq)<qd hup)mqupmZ{m
sm Aq 6r
QUf?Ity y\ Y\f%eQU\Q})\Yyg )Y fQy\ \\)\8P\fQ'\y
Y+)YQj\)\8P\fQfY%fvQQfQYU)\Q)
U
Y# )
~.l
'9!&"''#( *)+(,9-.',0/123',45768!%,#9:#:9;)+!%64!%,#
Ip?>
<;=
@BA
"!$#!%
yMLON
'r
CEDGFHFI@KJ
}W~RDSPUTV)y
P3Q
.W
YX
O_ # `a
#Ucb\]
[Z]\
O
_ # `
] _ O_ aO # ` O_d O # `
b
7_ # `
<qypq
O_ eaO `
^\X
O_
d
O `
rOr
#"b
)
Fm<qdsmY\Ygp[
mYOn|gq)Hquq4\U<qypqd<q'Ap[[OmYOmYuq;m
\
Oqa<mTp[#pqqypmYdqgr<q )ZOmsm ZI `
p OYm dq :#Ym
]
f_
Hg
?_
pqqyp+\yq
U<qypq mYOq
mYo+|`qHquq)mI<a
q <qr
<qqU<mm `o<p[ Ogp<qypU\)yo<pqYm
u
q \uq)Z O`p[<qup'\)yo<psqmYIsmq%mY
\
O_ # `a
]
_
<q
<m sm
|\]
Y
ibd
7
_ # `
"bkj32f O_ aO # `
_
O_ a # `
7_ # `
`p Om dq
O_d # `
O_d O # ` O_ eaO `
O_ e a ` O_ d `ml
O_
d
O `
rOr Z
#"b
nb
#m
zZ Z Y : Y
g
`pagpq<qgmY)>)quq \r
[pgmnZ `p#8pqsqmZw\<qqdqmYum<msq-<mtqup)q)yq
Oq)dq)' q\#smYd+|`qOpZ8nsmZ#mYU)\gYm O)q Ym
<
q \Hqufp q Yw aN \r <m
\Hqup?q
qyp[sqI_Op\ `o: m:Ao<quqfZ<q%q Y`p sm Zn`)q \)Ym +)\e:
o <m O\t)q gpm <n
3
\
pb
rq
's
t
'u
*v
8w
HgB8@
gUwHz
xyw
|{
.5
0
0
5 10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Frequency (hz)
Bmn`o<pq
rf| % U\<qmY)\:gp\Tm uq)`o<p[uqUqup0[tqsp)or<q:oHqup\tn`p)mY`mY
Hqup+3gq)q)<n\h|wHqIdq|\)o<pqm`sqyp\U<q+|`q)q)<nhOqhoHqup-\ Oqup
pq :o<)q `r
"b
Z
n O
q )\<o Ym Zn`pm r Q`p)q
n`q <qup \<q squ[p `n`q <)q `:o 0 gp eo Ysm ZJpq
oOmTpq Uq [g[p }m -d+3gq})q :o Ym ZU<m -[sm Y
\<q}n`p \OmT)q Of
q qupYm \:Op ZHqu#p smTq ur `o<Zn <Ym n`q <qup \Tm |Ym Zm )Z:u)q so \
[p gmZ
n `#p 8p 4<q'p))q :o sm <
n <m sdq Om tqupq uq'q :o sm ZUgp)q Y`pdq ZTm |)q r `p
<q gm Y))qu
q r OQg#p sYm yo 8)p :<Ym f\HqupFn`m g)q 'Om saq <m 6qypq u_
q <q q \TYm I `fp S
+3g
q <[p ZgZn sm ZYm g[p <m p gp)Ym Q<q squ[p `n`q <)q `:o \q <m
u
r pq
oOmTpq _`p)
q \zIo Y
gngq):
o [U}pm sq'm U3U7r
k~
r
'u
Mb
;
*
mW
L|:O
[ YZ ) Y%\/3 + Y\ Y [ %|Z
|\
YZM [ [I #
[ Y ZMZM `3 [ 2Z2w 5
)\ I\U
` } Y[ Z [\ ) ) ` \U I
\
Y_ | \)\ Y ) Y` u[ [ I| )
U Y| ) \4
h ['s
t
Y h
~U Y[) h Q |\ ) ):ZU \ u\
Y ')Z ) Z
\> Y _ d \
Y + ++| ) \
\ | \ % O3 % ) Y Y [ ) -
b '
'\ |\ | ) ] |\ Y_ ) + ) Y> % > )[
)\[
Z
Y Y +3 ) ) \u
)
d ))\
O \) d[ )
:U Y u [[3\3 cB |\
#
) \+ Y Y
u :
YI YU +| ) ) YU |\:U Y [
O
~.~
'9!&"''#( *)+(,9-.',0/123',45768!%,#9:#:9;)+!%64!%,#
4:'"!$#!%
`p
#| hr
)
) : ) \
Y Y
\ 1u:ZU
YUZ Z
[ Z ) :Q
Z '
Ip
%yx]GV|S
<;=
yDGSPxr
yGGVTV)yG
Z MZYYQM`:'0Zz::[Z}) \U\:[:Y:Q''#)ZZI:
Y|
Y04:efYB:e)\:3|\0'#Y])[e)e\)4[:0:f[f
e[\ \
:)\:
e YZ
Y:
)a
(
[YZ[e u|
['
'
W+
: dI:
Y:
(
)[ Y\/
:
Y:
\\[Z \:
):
+3'
:
\'
e Y:
:\:
Y
e+'
Y
Yr
d+\ae [:
e[ :[[ U:
9
e)\:
)Z:
:
)
e[fe :
) +|\\::
Z4
:[
:
[Z\e )
e[ Y
a:
Y|
)4
Y\*
0
'
\\:
[3
e YZ:
|'
:
-Z
e[f O :[\ 0):
_:
-:
) ' Y:
QI'
\
)4
Y\
):e :)IZ:
f +| :
[Z'
Z Z :
:
)\d
:
i
[
u:
Q'
\
\
|
Y Zd
'
-:
[_
[:
[;Y:
Y\+
\Ze YZ
ee YZ4>Z:
)'
:
e[3
Y eY'
3W
YI
Y
YU:
[:
)u
|\:
[:
Y:
-
'
['
Q|
\4::|YeYZ:-Q:ee`:}e)Zw\:Z'eYZ41O:|\
\Z:Z:a\/:a[Y\1[:YU|\U+3')3YY:U:\Y:Z
Z%
\[
Y:
Qe Y
)\+:
:
)0|`1
e )4
e )4
:e :
[
k:_|'
RY Y:
\
\:
\ *
YZ-(
d:
|
Ye )e )4
e )
]W1\:
':
B:
':
)e YZ\1
Z Z-\
U+|
U:
[Ua1
f[ )4
)
+'
Y-(
fZ[e Y:
[\e )
Ye )+
e
+|-0+|
)+:
Z'
e Y:
;Y-
ee YZ-k
e':
e [e Ye )4
e )
'
[\
+|\`\z:
Z4
:[_3 3E
\ Z|\z1
e zQ'
(
)[ Y\\)
_\
)'
:
:
:
i
:
'
)
[M
d
f:
+|Z
O:
Z4
:Y#
[:
)
'
U'
Y
\
Y
e )
Yz\
:\: 0Y:
:
e ) Z
I:
'
:
|:3
)+
9e a#\'
R
:: Y Y
Y e YZ:
d
\Y:
Y eY'
+
Y
[ :
Ze
):
Y :
U\:
a\/:
ae :
)Uk
*
-1
\:
[:
Y:
Q|
Ipf
<;=
|
CV GV5T
vxv{Uv
V5
yEv
\yxTAvN
PQ
}W~RDSP;T+V)y
OM:
\()K'\ee))Me:\U:
Z::)[IeYZY:U: '
\Y:z:)#|'4ZKz:e:1[)):):S b\ \
e)Z:
O
[:
['\[ : Y
\u\[ _\
+W*
Y*
e Y
u'
[ \
C
_Z
+Z
)e YZ
\
Y:
W
_'
[
u
}\Z Y R b'
\:+\*
e
uTZ\ )r
u
)[\3U4
%:
4
Y:
:
Y:
*
WO'
W
:84H77'1"8"
f:4'([7:787H7"4(4:7]
v
&v"v
: *v
Hz
m
}:eu" b
2 Zw3'
)Z`:
Y[[ [Y::O)Z}_O:)-'\:\
\
|I:\'eY:Yhh| ::YM:QZ:1[)(O[)K:QO
MY:
Y\>)Z
Z:U
:
Z\|Z:9:e}Z|k-'#Y:
[Z'
:
Y e :
e YZZ:
e'
Y
[ \: Y
3f d:
)
:
'
[Z'
Y
\
)'
[[e Y\\:
Y f
:
:
YfZ
)
)
):d '
\
Y[Z )
e:
)e Y:
Y3'
[9:
Y: 'a:
-:
(
[[e Y\e [
:
0Zd Y:
YM
:
ZS
Y'
Y
)QYZ4
Y:
:
:
(
[ YZ
e)Y ZQ '
:
[ e
:
3w3'
)UZ
+3'
)} ):
\''
ea)\ \}
-
;'eYI[\ Y:
-e e :
\4
eO\:
a
):
}r
mO
'9!&"''#( *)+(,9-.',0/123',45768!%,#9:#:9;)+!%64!%,#
4:'"!$#!%
H88O8"8:7"44K8"(("1
"7
H88''88:'4("K"
"4::"("O1HO]
8:"^4:8":(H^O8'
:7'44]
:7'7"744'41:O87
4]7.:]7.(.?|]:7O
478O"]|](
1e'[.
77.4O'[((
[.].:(^
[.]:(.:O^
[.]:8(.:O7
[.]O:((]
77.47H18"(:("
HHHf
HO78f
77.?H?O]4fHHfO
44("7H(O
:''88Y7 ':'(:
4HH(.[4']e:
8^4:.5HOO 88]]4
88488O'4
48844
44
478"O8:4:8:47"
":8
":8
'8^([7"'1"(
:'I8:78":
'O
I|'
I14
O"
']
O"]"f:I
i:
v
&v"v
: *v
Hz
:7H([74'("
:"(
78:8"7'7"8
5K88I
4
HH"]8 "O8]84:
['18'8e4841
|.['84:8e4:
|.['84O8e4O
:4"K::'
^
e4O8:
4f4"1"8]|:e7:1"8:
41"4]:[7:418]:]4
8:8O:"(^:^
:
:8
"
8"(4:
"O"
444
8"4418O^'4([O
mO
4:'"!$#!%
H("
!&"''#(
O"7
4O44
'48O
^
'
'7
^]
"+5:]| |:4:
O""
:"87
O:"
']
O:"][:
i:
8O7"(
'
^
'
'
8O
:4O"
:"7
O:"4"8]7"
8O7"(
'"
^
'
'
8K"
8O
:7
O:"
']
O:"]i4[
8O7"(
'"
^
i:
+(, -.',0/123',45768!%,#9:#
+!%64!%,#
v
&v"v
: *v
Hz
'
'
8O
("K"
O"7
O:"4"8]7"+
8O7"(
'"
^
'
'
8O
("4 :K8:8
O:"
::"(
']
O:"]7iO]
O:"]7(:]
O:"]78:]
8O7"(
'"4:4
^
'
'
8O
("44OK8:8
::"(
O:"]7('
O:"4"8]7"
O:"]e7I
8O7"(
'"4:4
^
'
'
8O
i:
7
"!
4:'"!$#!%
844:88':
!&"''#(
:7
O:"][7
']
O:"4"8]7"+7
O:"][e:I:]
8O7"(
'"4:4
^
'
'
8O
84 88':
:7
O:"]e[I'
O:"4"8]7"
O:"]7
i8:]
8O7"(
'"4:4
^
'
'
8O
K"
444"84^8'
:4"K::'
^
':
O'44"1"8]|:e7:':448]:]
OO44"1"8]|:e7:448]:
O'
8:8O:"(^:^
:
:8
+(, -.',0/123',45768!%,#9:#
+!%64!%,#
# %$B::\j'&IZZ,)(
ez
Trace number
40
60
20
80
100
Time (seconds)
}:eQ"b Z :O \
+}:
;3
[ e
"
'
: [E
:[
: e
R
''
e :U
8"(4:
44|'7
JILK
<;=
GDT
3VH
Y
:[ [
':
([
[ :R
([
[
: [*
: [
: [
['
rq9
':
'
'
[ : 9b'
:[
: e
U [ '[
[e
'
:
' : :
: ':
:re [
9u
}
'
:
[
'
#
NM6O P RQTSVUWXQTSZY [Q ]\_^a` J M
JI}
<;=
"!$#!%
!&"''#(
GDT
+(, -.',0/123',45768!%,#9:#
3VH
5M6
+!%64!%,#
FHDT+V
? +
3C/ 53}. G/'7c H.=,:?3C/87%b9.=:'7.-m CAG/3 H.j4.;, Dm CAG/3 .ju/'h.;, De ;b.A:nj 5v
Cb9. Gf@:. CEj:b 5 C7%3 /'h.=/8A.uf ;:. H/87%b=}v:b:p "p ;/3 Cb;b H7 h/
"b
' : :
: O
:
3eG
}:e
} :
':e
'
: e
'
'
'
'
} :
'' *
:
Re :
'
"b W
'
:
[
[e
:[
' :
}
:
O:
:e
e:e
'[
'
ee
: 1 3
[}
(
e :
O:
4:
'
:
:Se e
b
*~S
e
4:
:5 :
e :
b
'
W
'[ ~
u:
4 :
S
'
:e
e
'
'
Ee
'
:0 1
[
[ :
: O ;q9
[ e ;
}
1[e
}
'
e :
}
'
4
'
'e
4:
[ e [
'[ e
'
[
: U r
Ye (
:}
:
:e e
e
' e
: e
:
: 1
' :
'
: :
' :
'
'e
e
'
O~
e
S
S
'
}
Rq9
'
}
e[
q9
e 4:
E~S
[
ke
~S
: e
'
e[
$ 'e
e
e
'
'
[
'
} e :
"b
%$B::\j'&IZZ,)( /:t:
{
ez
Range (ft)
0.4
0.6
0.2
x10 4
1.0
0.8
0.2
Depth (ft)
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
x10 4
}:e
"b Z
:
'
W e Y
ke
[ } k
e
: :
'
'
}
:}
[ }
'e
'
: ([
'''
'e
: e
: [
iSW
1 [
e[
' :
}
e e Y
O':e
'e
O: :
'
'
e
eR
':
([
'
e :
: e
}:
"b Z
[
'
|; 9 $R8:'D'&k8 8 ( = : %
{
ez
':e
b HZ
e
}
i F
8:'3L /', 57
'/8,%7 .;/k3Lc 5AGA
C7. h/ :nm sZ, 57%/8f 57%:
/8AH/ =:'E/6k3L,%//8AF/'hG 7Cb
/'AGEC 7v /8AH/= :E%/
D
y9'3!DE#"%$ f&G 7C b'$ 35/8AH/= :E%/$(5 E)
y9/8,%7*TE+,"%$ f&G 7+5 b'$ 35/'AG/; :'E%/$(5 E)
[
- !I . -0/ M&124365
78G b;f&G39]7,";:=<[>Gbz:sb?5AhA@35/'7.=:BG7+5Eub9/'hr.cB:BCDC7m7E;/87fFC7.lh/lbC8Gb;f&G39CCbC5:B;3L,:'7EuE>:.=:
p9 /k385 b;b?G 7GH%) bCC EjIJk" p%AH/= :.KG /'7IGC /8p%,jbCH 3'G b.=bCv95 :B9 .;,%L>) :'M bC'H b;f6/8AG/BGG b.=b5vN5 7mO9 /87%f&5 7.L:'A
57+GG 78'9 b5vb;/'hr.cB:BC] E} m5 AH/8pP'; bz:'7%E6/'.;,'9 b'$R"Q .>G bS%) b?5 Euj0b93'OC 7.KH e%3]b.L:~H 7@/'.;,6b9fu:AGA%3C/8f6@
p>:'7+O5 b:7%Efu:y9/B /G A:'7%EG :b-35/8f6p>:'7E5 bCv>:'7%EJj:'35:'EC fFH 35b:'7%E8G /dmB'; 7fFC 7.T?5 b?n :B9 3L,'9 b'$
-,U:=< p>:3L:MGVG bRWYXKZ[ZD\!]^WY_a`>bBXK'Z v>EG b.K?G ) .C5 EXL>) :B9 .C'9 AHjcT .=,J.=,T hc%) AHAb;/B); 38s 3C/kE v>b;/0.=,>:.
)%b?'; b<3n:'7:'AH.C's :'7%EHY" .K5 7EdH .=b3n:p>:'H AOH .COC b'$ -,@ p>:'3L:BG@ p%8; f&H .;b.;,eYk" 3L,>:'7Gu /'h-E>:.=:
:'3C35/9 EG 7@G .=/u.;,fG 7%E+%) b9.C9 jop; /'.;/k3C/8ABag*h7ikjmRl J$P"Q .Dp9 /mH E5 b:ub.L:'7E>:B; EnC 7m7E; /87fFC 7.2h/2 .=,+
.KC b9.CG 7DG /h{7C cp; /3'C b;b?G 7G :'AE8G /?H .=,f@b8$o"Q .RG bpn :'bj<.=/q%) bC- P5 35:B%) bCr .xE/7C bR7%/'.R?5 L)EC AEn :B9 7G 7G
:sb9p%C 3'G :'A>A:'7+G>) :BG[st .=bZ:'p%pAOG 35:.KH /87f%) b?5 b/87AHjg.;, b.L:'7E>:B; E6h|:'3'H AO .KOC b
:~/; E+5 Euj0.=,+U<Suvxw
/8pP'; :.KH 7G bjb9.KC f$ T73'9<>uyvz4w b;,C AGA,@{CC EO?5 3C.CG 7]G :'7EgpG pP5 b[:B?z f@:'b9.C'?5 Ev.=,8CyH b[7/hc) .=,8
:B .KH e%3' :A%A:'7+G>) :BG .;/<AEn :B9 7|x$ -, bC8G b;f&G 3-3C/8f6fu:'7E%bl:'7%Eu/'p.KH /87%bZ3n:'7@%9%) b?5 E:bN?n :'EH AHj0:b
/'.;,'}<Suyvzw 3C/8f@f@:'7%Eb'$qQ 7p%:B9 .CG 3') A:BC v.;,~%) b?'T 35:'74cTC .K< /B; EH 7>:B9 j<Suvxw b;,+5 AGAb;38CH p.=b2.;/
35/'fgG 7+6 hc?5 L)5 7.?3C/8f6fu:'7E3C/8fgH 7>:.KH /87%bVG 7.;/f&C .L:@ 35/'f@f@:'7%E%b6c$(B$ vxp9 /k385 b9bCG 7+G >/dcbLY$
-,C bC b;3'?G p.;b3n:'7X%T .;,%/)8G ,.]/'hx:'bFr y9/8Je>AE5 b'$(
-,o bC'H b;f&G 3p9 /k385 b;b?G 7G p; /GB= :'f6b6G 7.=,o p>:'3L:BG :'b;b?%) fF .=,%:.@.;, E%:.L::BC cTC .;.KC 7H 7
B
+
; L ~ S + 8
+$T)%7.=:B f& e*9b9.'$z"L"%$.=:B'$
$T%) pE>:.CB$ jj$ .=/$x"L"=$ .L:M'$
17$T%) pE>:.CB$ AOH b9.
? SDDyNDK
ZjkpPB
hr.;pt8+$ *7$ $
s !87$ *$H $ }Hb-/)hr.;pob?H.K
%) b?'; 7%:'fFMl:'7%/87jf@/B)%b
s )%b?';7%:'fFVHb&;:'7%/87jf6/)%bC
p>:'b9b9cz/; E=l j'/); 7%:'fF2j8/)8$f@:'3L,H7 s .jp%s:'7j.=,H7G0,'?
hr.=p=
s .=,+G brG b.;, p; /'f@p.-j'/) b?'
c,C 7oj8/B) :B?VG 7Jhr.=p
wl/X) :B? 7/cAG/GBG5 EG 7Jm :<hr.;pX.;/?.=, :'7%/'7jf6/%) b-hr.=pb?H .KMx$ wl/X) fu:nju.jpPB
hr.=p=
AGb
s .;/6b?' .=, 3C/87.K5 7.;b/'h.=,+ E+OCC 3C.;/CE5 b
hr.=p=
35EXEE; 7>:'f& s .;/63L,%:'7G EO?5 3}.=/?O5 b.;/9 EO9 7>:'f&'
hr.=p=
H 7>:B9 j
s b?C .e9 H 7>:B9 juf@/E80 h/B .K= :7%b9hc8CCH 7?G e>AOC b
wl/) f}) b9.]E%/0.=,H b-%} h/CD j'/o) .C= :'7%bhc'] :'7j
H 7>:B jue>AEB
$ -,H b9H 7%35AE%) EC b:'AGAe%AO5 b-cT .=,
.;,T h/; f b;/8f& 7>:fFM$ .=:B'$Y" .K5 7bCG /'7|$
hr.=p=G} .]e%AO5 7%:'fF s .;/0.C= :'7b9hc'F e%AO5 7%:'fF8g hc; /8f /)- bC .KT .=/
j'/) fu:3L,G 7
hr.=p=
f&GC .p>:.;.K8; 7% s .;/0.C= :'7b9hc'] :'AHAe>AE5 bcTH .;,7>:'f&5 b/'h.=,
9 p%:.;.C'; 7P
>/rJ" :'f6p%AEB
hr.=p=
f&GC .DL$ .L:M'$ s cTH AGA.C= :'7b9hc'] :'AHAe>AE5 bcTH .;,J.=,T h/9 f/'h
7>:fFM$ .=:B'$ .;/?j8/) f@:'3L,H 7Bx$ wl/J) cTH AGAP
:'b9BC Eoc,} .=,8] j'/)?n :'AHAHj6c:7.n :3L,Xe>AE
/'h.=,+G b-7>:'f&T p>:.9.K8; 7.K= :7%b9hc8CCC Ev
PC h/?T hr.=pX:'3C.C>) :'AHAHj@E%/7C bTH .$
hr.=p=
j
s .;/&Y"7H .hc; /8fNhr.=p
!
9*py+YNLDLS?DDRkR>
-, /87%AjCCL)O?5f&57.=b-h/rH7%b9.=:'AGAEG7G.=,p>:'3L:BGBs:MCB
$T_
f@:'3L,G 7+C%) 7%7+G 7?G .=,+&<Suyvzw /8pP'= :.KG 7+?G b9jb9.C5 f$
$ 5 7XfF8G :'j.KC b/'h[EH b;b9p>:'3'T h/ .;, b;/)+; 3's :'7%EX35/'f@pH AOC EG7%:B9jB$
-, p>:'3L:BG ,>:b]P'C 7ob?%) 35385 b9b9hc%) AHAHjG 7b9.L:AGAOC EJ/87|
Q r
+ %2 k
rQD
b?'CE5 bf@:'3L,G 7+5 b
2 p/8AGAH/
98D
/87mBJ"
7H AOH 35/87= :p%,G 3Cb
b?%) 7%7H 7G&Q^9< v{lTQ rQ- vPl 7Q{g v{:7%E982 ]kTZ
-,8C :B? R2 VN
e>AE5 bH 7.=,+ EG b.KCH ) .CG /87cTH .=,b9p%C 3'G :'A27%/.K5 b:/k) .b;/'fF4/h.;,5b?
p%AG:.;h/9 f@b8$p2 EC p%C 7%EJ/87u.;,D:%<%) b?' 3C/8f6f}%) 7 .j?.=/g:AO' .y) bB.=/}H 7%b9.=:'AGAG:.KH /87?p9 /8%AOC f@bCvkb9/
Hhj'/)?%) 7H 7.=/?E @38%) AH.COC b5v%p%AEn :'b? AOC .T) b]7%/dcV$
-,T EH b9.CCG +) .KH /87u3C/87.L:BH 7%b-:gbC8CE5 b/'he>AE5 bB.;,>:.-E+C .L:MG A{.=,H 7%b9.=:'AGAG:.KH /870p; /3'C b;b'l$ Tn :'E.;,5 f
G7J.;,T h/8AGAH/cTH 7gG /9 E'8
d
B
8
'7
! 8+7! J B!7!
!"
#
$ J B!7!
MB$
8'B!I8'M'7!!*
%
&%'+JL'HJ*8 M 8!+7!!
( B! '
) *
+
,B )IJ !77!!
-
$
L
' L L8 M8 HLI
;/.%L ~ S + 8
0
10
10
20
30
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
pOG)?D~$ND).=p+)./'hx.;,324"57689:upGpP5AEG7M$
<; =^k?>F
D7%3'] j8/)u,>:nmD3C/8f@pAOC.C5E6.=,9G7%b.L:'AHA:.CG/87v8,'?qHbB:)+G3L?.KCb9.Bj'/)35:'7f@:'B].=/<b?'Hhj'/)
,>:nms :ghc%) 7%3}.KG /'7G 7?G b?'H b;f&G 3Tb9jb.K5 fl$ >/ :'7"@ cTH 7%E%/dcbfu:3L,G 7 v.=,+ pG pP5 AEG 78
24 5@689:BAC24EDF@GHIKJ
Mb LN)OQPX
p RNEP)S'UTVLGVWp LQSRb LNdYc XQXo OGB)CU$H $NQ"hRjNB)CLZWnm[Wu\N8bRT^]ES'?GpTp?QXTK85vTVL+X
jNB)obRLN)O_PG!T`WaLWBMPbSN'pjJmB'9bCQN
XXcTcTVLdTVLpHp%-OO_X
24 5@689:BAC24 5@2
FeG
HIfAg65Eh
1p
utwvx ygY`zvzJ2{ztw|
<;r? }9M ~ 9yN }9^!T
DERTC)ZW
OQOc3W
O_Ok:=
<
RNGVWnSGc9QXNRoWTKQN
XW'eNB)TTVL-n?O_BYL+Xo
N)oT1"%YTVL+XZW
&YN
TVL+m+MNGMW
TcTVLNB)T`W
XgWBCGB)F-XTV'$ZZNrY"W
nOO
r^s
J'L
- LM{! ,
' !L'+L !*
L!
L!& n 8L 8!+7!!
j
*dY'
!!!d# L*B!I Bd!d'L#7d dB
,B HLBB!, L!|M
E
<;r }D?
24 Z:E6
5OOQ TVTVLXZW
&\N
ZTVLMNBGVW
aQX[TMLP+QRTCC_)TK_NX|$/LMRTVRZWBG8N
TVLNB)TV)ET
OQN"N8 /MN
F!TVL_XG3OOHBiTVL+Q'
JMB,
MML
'
;/. 8n
7M'* 8B7!, ,L,!M'
J-M' *,B!)B
B +B!'!
M L
)d 8BL
,
<;r<; }DS
24 9Z8Z:Q `Wn+MNGMW
TMLZWTOOQTVTML[XW
F-WXPWNXY@1OO_XUPRS'?QTCQNXgN
{WOQOTVL+[RNGMW
n
W
XPgOO_VWMCO-'$'?VQTVL+UMRTRZWMG'N
\TVLUN)ETV)T'
JM8+
M M&(BM'k
(
L 8
J+&("
(*',"!*87BL-8,d{ E
M ,B+B8 +
+"
8L! $
BM !& , M'k
'LL!, L!
7J
'
7
+#L'!#'7B&,L
+
,LB
M' M
)? 8 B ),L
+%E-
$M' ,B + [ I! k8+Y L
+(E, 8, ! $'LL'H*!ML I!!78M
+7[+d! d #
E Jk
)
)
,
+( 8L! &
'M7J 7 BM # , M'k ,
,L! , !
8
J("
*, *87L8{
B LMMB B+8L)
L
B+8L
)# MM7 BM
-$7M$
)L-M7L B , ! Y ,7MH7'+B '+
B
$
M LM)M\)j17
(
8
!! M BMn
,L M# B!7
L =R
NTKw TVLZWT/TVLU PEC S!TVN dZWTML`WBCw RLNYXW
`W
XgWB_ PdTVN3TVL:=$< M NGBV W
aF8'$
1
<;r }iT
24EZ"&Q`W6)TK_OOcT1oTVLWTOEQTVTVL+[?O_A@<PN"S')&XT^WTKQN
XgN{W
O_OMNGBVW
aTQXbTVLmZW
SLWBGM$Y]7)@
MNB) TK_ X {WXPTVL c- oWB_ XjW
XP3ML+ OQOMS'?Q TMTVLWT{PNiXN
T{MLN
WiC- O_PN"ST_ OQO LZWY W
X3?) PN"S
XTCR $
ZNrJ" W
aOE
J
BM
J
("&
L * '78
*LLYE*B#8{ IBL!$ M'# M
BMB
B ! )dM L!$
M
'
#
L
)M
, 8
BM
7L*8 #
BBM B HBL!$ M''BJ
M'7
8
BBM(B1 '
)
,+
,\ ! )+
,k@
L*
8 UM L )M B !tJ B! BLR d IM8 BL!7
L#
JM$ BBM + BM M7BoY'BJ7 Ln +HM JM 8JRc
* B B' ,M\
!B B ) B \
'MM BBo BM
BB
L+
L(8Ll#!L MMM!L!! B! 3
' 7J
(a'B 7
<;r1 }i
24E@G9Ee_ W+MNGMW
TVLZWTCWBMS^L-/TVLCOcA@1PN"S')F-X TVWTK_NXNW~GB_-XdRTCCQX+G$
ZNyY"W
6@
OE
JJL
;j. 8n
M L%L!#M,MB!^ 7!#M *B
! j
L!
B
$M'7* I8,M LLBB!!k
M BBML MMBMd$L ! M!# B,!78 H d& L B!!7
(
$M'7*
, B! (B7[+& L' (
+
jCe J ,7L
,,
!! BBd8M, M
!' ,!'M ,7M* !' (
,7
M ! BM (
(d! ,M 8 ,[,BL!
f M [+ B $ 8
M !!+ )\3+nB'7L8
Y8 , 'L8 'B!+ ' ,
#
MY+HM I8 ,M $M L! )HM L!
Y B 'L8 B! M ! +
#
L#
B ,L'*7!!B,MLY!+J+ 7J ,B B8!M# B"H "dB
Y L ,
'
, 7!!L ,L'+ + # JL !
Z-
$
M!' ,7M #M !!+ )B L MY7HB L
Y MB L'BJ L'!M 7
(#M7!! )(L
M$'7 J H )+
Y*
, L8L8 'B! , !L ,LP
M7!!#
'L-LMH 7$ B'+ 87M$ !'M+!" 8*!
,LLJ
Y* M L8L8 'B!
L! , , !LC ,P
1
M|
"$ '
<,
<;r< }D>YHNZ
ZQ:=P+OE<&iXTKNMcNaGBTVVLTMW
L aiML- TVW
LZPWNB8T/M Po8*$ WXO_ZPQN'r$
)JO/W" TCL+W
aTV2L+4EOEi
TK:VWFZS'
Uh Ll+WPMN'GR9MW
)CUMXZPWS8OO_-ZSwTVXZL+WDF)-C8/STVW
NO_OOOOQP TTMBL-i PN!ZMPXCcnTKQN
TMXN
J
L
)'L#
BM?! +- ,,8J d M j *+BL ! !nB$ '+'J M +
*
8 j *+! L!BB +*
8 dM \ *+BLnB$ '+'J ! L!B +*
8 ,
*+!L )!
,LL8B L +*
8
,
*+&
( !*'7MB
+*
8
,j *+BLnB$ '+'J
( !!'7 +*
JB M7\ * +M!L![*!BB!B7 LB!7!!Ij
#dd7M[B+M") B
#
,M
- ' B ,
`
-3!!!
iRmk3-
R<
!!!-
Y
j!-
{!R-<{-
R\k
;/. 8n
M1
$'L7[k 8H M
I , !L*! 1 BM7
L =J'
<;r *D %DS^
TVHEWB:Q9EXZ"W 2}SN
_nW+OE-MTCNdGMCW
-TnN
TVLZWW
TOQOS'TV?LbWTCC-O_ATM@<LPNES8)W &8XT^WPTCN"QNS')XFf-QXX TTVeL2
g:E6P"_RTK"? Q2 )ETKQ:N
D7X ZTVNLZW8TeS NBX @
ZWMG Y$~ \NRT^]ES'?Q TwB'M ?Q NXN
TMLQ iPNES8
) F- XTVQ wWWBQ OQW
OEU_ XN)w W
XNXEaN)iTM
?_ TK
5"4 I "
F 5@E:2 "
4Z:9 8 @G
9 <D D 8h J$
9'C ZD DlP XN
TK- `TMLU
X) %8Y N
jTMLU S')?C- X TC- OO W
CM$
/S-NLX[ T^WBE_:X @"2aPO? S!ZTVOEN {bTVLZSNWXTNT^GBWM_Q X``PWn!T^XLWB) _OOP6%8_XN
NjMnTK) WTMTCNQCNQ X|W
O$ML+M COQ)OFRS'_CX_ GmTVTM8LZ$rW<Q TTV`NBC)o) @RPTVWBECR TNS!QTVXN?TVOL+-
E:@E2P+OC- S-TMNR
L'?U_ YWfM NW
PoW
lTMNFGB- T/NBC
) RTVWBR TC P|
/L
]"NR TCQ XG pM W
S'- ) TMNCQ W
Oq_ dW
XtQ XTK8V W
S!TKc RS'C_ TdTVLWTC8Q XNBM S'- dMN& N
mTVL+
ZWCQ S~<>uyvz
w W
XP:%$< OQNBC P+Q MS8) M? PQ XoTMLQ PNES8) F- XT$ /LQ XTC'V WS-TKc _ T1FQ OEQ &_ TK- PaTMN
W
O_OQNTQ X+
G Nb) TVN?- TYTVLU ZWS'B$ ]7) S^LTKE) TVN? W
O_ L)Q S O_G- T`W
XXN7_ XG +) TYyU c OcTTVLZWT
NX+3
C) S^LWmX+' P+ P|$ /Ln ]ENBR TK_ XG V WS' D- nN_ TVL NBM nWT) ? PQ XTVL+fC TUN
TML[
E:@"2nP+OC- S-TMNR stc T ?) RTeN
) Wn+) XS^LN
jTQ XPN
YW
XPCW
M?) F-
N) OQOC W
P
TMLU
MS'?Q TTc j
Nb) W
XT`TVNC8U LNKW3ZWBR TCQ S8) OWB TQ XPNQ r-
N B- P|$
/L
XYE" TRTC Q dTVNW
S-TC_ WTC TVL$ ]7 OE S!TKQ X+G pM W
S'- D- nN+$ /L+ X R NES8'- P TVNTVL+
D- SNXN
OO) TCQ NX D- nNUW
XPaTML9D D aN$ y! NXPaTMLZWT_ C_ T{TML D aNwPEC S!TVN?O-
TMLZWT&Q XTK8C- RTo
N)|$ /Lg
E:e"2PEC S!TVN TK?'Q aRTK_ OQO) XP'o W
S-TC_ B P! - OQN& XT^s
OE W
?U
OO- TT) XN_ \TVLU P- nNYWMCU L O_c) OW
XPgLN
TVL! bSW
XgP_ n+M N- P|$
/P_LXZFWTC RP#C PZXWS'T^d WCN
R:=NE<tS8R) CVQWBX+GBGe$ Q /wLTMLCo 24S-NX:RDETC8C") 57S!TK6_ :N2X$P+N
OC-MS-LTM- NOQOR&M SNBNGXV TVW
WBaQXUTVWNgXLS)WB?R P'N) NT[YSCN")NS^L @
R NGM W
n8$ $TMLl
W
{TVLl TC'M aR RL O_ORS'C_ TV- R RL O_OM NBGV W
a( R ML+ OQOZOO- (
W
XPR RL O_OQ-
WB?V) C- PQ XTC'M S^LW
XG W
O_Q XlTVL+&<Suyvzw OO_ TC'M WTK)?B$
P_NMd)S-N
RBL'NU) W
O_PdXXN
QXTYS-LN-XCCc _T^RWTCTC XS8TVON3O_NE%N !aT1yWT8TVXLw TVLRN)RM NS8)U RS'SN"PW
DXP_ TMCNB- )O_^i$ P{N"OOS'W
)C&w OEX- TVTrW) TK_N"XXN
N
S cT_ $D
N)
W
O_MN3N OQS-N&w
C)GGB RTCQ NXYNBrQ aM NQ XG TMLU SNa& XTVYW
XPT1EOEU N
NB)Y SN"P 8$
!"
!$#%
'&%()*%+(
,
-
!.
1
0/
32
54
76
8/
;2
2
92
:
5<
=/
>
?<
A@
8/
B
C/
DMD
rS
365
|zVUXW
T
8U
qLK
ENM
PO
IQ
5ERJ
? Si
N
) X+'PXNTiOOWBMXCWoMPS8W
OjC8QM&QSmOWXG)ZWBGBmTMN)C}:=<S$=Q<N) XN LNKTVN)C<Suvxw
ML+ OQO#@? PEC S!TK_ X3
G W
XPd+Q P EN) WBCqC WPlTVN3T^WB TT) C_ XG6:=<=s TMLwC8QRF_SiSNanW
XP/WXP
NTCQ NXiSW
XP}
) ? P ?) RTmW
i
N) NB) OQP) ? TVL3 )+Q O_T@_ XH<Suvxw SNaoWXP'$Q1XZWBTKQS8)OWM
NB$
) SWX&TCc TK NR PQ XZWMR d<Suvxw RL O_O{MS8CQ ETVUTVNgSN+Q X3 cC L) XTS-NaoW
XP&S-N_ XZWTK_ NX
QXTMNF! T^W<@ SNaoWXP c$(Bc$ M N"S'- MC_ XG ZNY Y$ /L ? RS'C_ TV3SW
X%d TMLN)G LTN
W
RN
ZOE '$(
jW
OOU$ BNQ{ ]""@NOQ
M N"S'- M
OO
M N"S'- M mT^W M 9Q X+) T/cM N ZOO
M N"S'- M OO
M N"S'- M TCc TK YNX X- ZOO
M N"S'- MCV ZOE
M N"S'- MKn
W
P XP`TMNOO
M N"S'- M R NES8 M
N
) TV+) T`N
+M N"S' R Q rQ X) T/TVNR NES8 R
M N"S'- M
TCJ"" T
T^W MU_ X
) T/cR NNO_OQNTQ X+G OO_ X
]ENbOO! T iP'G_ XT_ TVLWdSW
C
) OOfC! O- N
TVL+3 ZW
C_ S<Suvxw N
%8V WTMNM wWwC) aoWMC 8 Pn_ X W@
OEU$ $ $ /L
EeNO_ mU @W
XP WBC XNYXW
e?C- PO? S-TCQ NXbNP'M WTVNBM (o ?Q XS8m TML-
C- PO? S!T~_ X) TW
XP&N) TV+) T~_ XTVNgN[ NB) TNTVL+o SN
nnW
XP ;a$ M_$ jM N"S'- M J$ /Lo "eN
O _
SWOQOO- PW R +Q P
(l
C_ XS' N SWXQ S!TK)? PZWTVW ZNTQ XlG cR N NX +M N"S' RiTVNdWXN
TVL+' TMLM N)+G L
TVL+ Q PB$($
9'?_ YW3CQ aOE:=< R +Q P OO_ X' Tc TVLQ X) TF?_ XPZWTVWB W
XPgN) TM) TeR N) TMPZWTVWB
JJ8
,
' < ! B 8
Y=Z
EGFHFIJ
Z\[^]`_
>/
a4
.
b
>c
f^h
f
if
0 d
gf
/
Hf
j
jl
e4
k
nm
0m
ophqh
/
V6
sr
gf t
qh
X
3/
u
n v
wc
x
y
y
~}
;z
8
|{
t
5
y
; 0
1
<
?}
'
hqh
2
8
M
QX&QXTC'VWS-TKcT)?
7:=<ML-OQO7RNGVWnWB?`?OGX+_ZSW
XTVO_~XLW
XS'-PlnW
RNCQWTKr)CNTVL+
NP'M WTVNB^s Nw
TQ O_O=Q O_OO) TKM WTK` TVL_ `P O_NV$
CW
X )_ O_T?@{Q X <Suvxw SN
nnW
XPgPNXN
TLZWB W? O_A<@ PN"S') & XT^WTKQ N
X W
S8Q OE_ T1 OE B:=< s
QXRTK W
PZaNRTYPNaLWB oW
X+3 ZWBG- '$ ZNrJ" W
aOO
+t
JM
E%$(M M 8B7j
C !BL
8
nL
hqh
s/
-6
! ! , 8
(
! '
MBM
(
Md MMB 8M J!! ! dk,7)+I! 8 !"
B !
,B B
M
L! ,M
)+# LMd L' LBH! ,Bj &L
M7 #
MB
L
Na
) X'- PoTVN XN WU_ TaNC<Suvx#w O_NC/ TMNU) ?q:%<n aS'E XTVOc s y O_OkQXTKRNEP)S'/TVL-CYTK?QS
N
\TVLw
TCV W
PV_ XbTMLU SNXTCJ"" T`N
TMLVJ" W
aOO- /PQ RS') RC POWTC'r_ XbTMLQ/?S!TKQN
X|$
3/
H6
0/
q^NkD
/L_ `?S!TKQN
X_`W?Q})OWTCPJ"W
aOEwN
WX_X TC'MW
S-TC_w?RCQN
XT_TML:=<S$
,
Y=Z
-7"a,~PPR
i6
>q
DM
EGFHFIJ
JJLd7
8U
qLK
ENM
PO
IQ
5ERJ
9q
:=<
?wTVLUC-O_A@<PNESiWS'QOE_T1aTVN6G!TaN?DQXNBMnWTK_NXdW
@N)Tw24E
eP
J 7
"
&7!$
8B7!E 7 !B$ '7BL87CM 'B8kF+LM# B
YL'+
L8L8 'B!I! ,*8 !
,+
! , L k
BM
!M
)$)$""
L
k, ML8 !+dL 'L7BI+M
nB k! IY
B,dJ* L ;%
bV jHj aB
PPR
nL
DM0
BBMa +
) 7[+
IMH
!+|
M LBMB
LB7nLB!M!Mj *e &j &BMj &
!\ ! ,S
,
, %
j
R aC
WB?N TK=]TMLZ_WRTTVW
TMXLPZrWMMXPgPW
N
X7PTMLW
/OWFRT{-XTKRQNN
GXMW
P WBP+MOEMOS8'C-_"
TKN_N)gX}SCW
!Xc'G?C!T/P3PTM-NXR_LTCQNWXP/'*e-)OQPC?_X GdTV2
L+4"CY:XZF7WFh -k $
ZNrJ
" W
aOE
J
L
)'L B!B
G
DMp
EGFHFIJ
8U
qLK
ENM
PO
IQ
5ERJ
BM?!+-,,J
JLB B!Bj
+
)H&,LM'7HHB +*
*+B)d J 7Y7fY7I8HPL'LB
8+d7[+d !)! 7! ! 7[+
'ML! LL8 H I',7MLJ*
B BB ,' $
3yPR
pG
SWXG! T/TVLw
MN VW
?XZW
wW 3N
T XNRS , aW -X76Ti MN PNTML Qn m H6 ULN TVN !TwL O_
_TML
QX UVT L
W S!TXZW `N
Wm MN VW
YL o
X
N
-SW
O_O@Wm VW -XTNTVL `XZ
W
nL
DM
J JL
JJL#8# '
BLBn!L!, 'k
* BjeY JL
' 'M7J
Y L8LI'B8@bL L ),!L
Y L8L
d'M8+7
J @Ml '+!Le !!MMB7#JL d8B+ L' L8P'7
Y L8L
NXn
SW
X$)Q O_P&S-NaOOY" M N"S'- MC_ XG ZNYC_ nO_S-NXX- S-TK_ XGn:=< R NGM W
nUT_ TML<Suvxw
_ %- '$
N
RT ZNYTQ O_OD XP T_ TML NX+& N
[TVL:=< O_N
TMTCQ XG R NGM W
n8$ y- SWB) C& T1"_ SW
O
R NES8 M?Q XG ZNYWB?
OE XG TVLaW
XP&Q XN
O_` nW
XZWBV WF! TK' ?- TMTCQ X
G _ T>Q SN
X B XE XTTMNE) T
TVL+U:%#
< SNanW
XPr_ XW3RL O_OZOOM$
:78hPD
O_O\TML<Suvxw ML- OQO_ NB)M X ML ! ML+ OQO S-ML kU NBM X RL !R$8$'$ =Q XS-OO) P WlM NM@
GM W
n&Q X+iG OW
X+GZ) WBGM$1Q XaTVL_ PNES8) F- XTy9JE" S-OO) ?_ - O_6) ?` TML N)R X RL O_OZM NBGV W
a&Q XG
OWXGZ
) WBGBB$
D) *M TJ" W
aOE9_ WmC_ nOE/ ML- OQO7R NGV WSW
O_OO P Z6 P$ /L XL) P'M NQ Xn LZ) WB? M W
S B! TV
WTTML- XPN
ZTVL
OOQ X+ _ XTVL NOQO_N
T_ X`G OOQ TK_ XiG WB? XN
TZWB T{N
7TVL ML- OQO+M NGM W
}s N W
PP+ P
TVL+ W
M- "TMNTMLU
PQ RS') RC_ NXgTMLZWT/NO_OQNYTMLU OOQ TK_ XG$
*'JE *LY
?-
#(L
(LM H dY,+
L
&* Bj
a(L!ML& L!M, kJ! ,7
*B * [E
#(LdIY ,
JJ
'+JL8
,
' &, )
'! <, kJ 77
B
a
J [+ B$ M!L
H- @ M+7[+ Y! MM 7VBL!nB Le
Y=Z
a
G
~c
3P VVj R
q
9c
,c
<
3c
&
<
b R
!
/
k<
H B
8 x
.
0/
DM
8U
qLK
EGFHFIJ
7 M@k7($!+-!+! B
9 4"I:hE:
PO
IQ
5ERJ
*@G2"4@2 2"G
9
ENM
6EG9:2
=
p!
1
8
,
'yLH+(
i6
6
)&Pt
6
/
3}
G N9
0
0/
)&Pt
0/
5-
0/
0/
/
5
C
V 5
76
!
=c
8
M
M-F:=<P-COG
XnP-S'_CQN
X|$ /L:=<nGMW
L_SMNBGVW
aSW
O_OZNXTVL9GX+'C_SYOQN
TRTK_XGUMNM@
GM W
aTVNPNmTML WS-TK) W
OZOQNTMTK_ XG$ /Li WO_TK8M XZWTK_ B/ P ?OG XaWTMN[LZWB TK) X PFGV W
LQ S-
R NGM W
n`N
WB?Q N) iC8Q M&Q SW
OEQ SWTK_ NX'$DD)i P- CO
G XS^LNQ S8 B8 wTVL+Q XG C_ nOE
E) Tc TrQ aOEO WaW
C_ SwOOQ &_ TVWTK_ NX&Q X
TGV W
LQ SW
OSWZW
_ OO_ TCO- '$
/La
O_N
TMTCQ XbG R NGV WnUWB?a TML3 - LQ S-OO NU C- C XTCQ XgG N)C- C) OcTV8$ /L'?- N?a
N)
RLN
) O_PT^W M TVL TCQ & TVNwSWBC! c) OQOcmOQN"N wTVLR N)G LTML/ C- O_A1@ PNES-N J]_ 3TVL+6C:=< MW
S B! TK
R NGM W
n 24ED7G78HE:24DF@G
HIT$8$'$ W
XP$TMLeGB X8CQ SnOQNTMTK_ Xg
G M NGBV W
a D7G78HE:
DF@G
HIe$'$8$ Y$
nL
5
1/
X>6
a
/
8/
^
0
14
0/
w
0
d ~PyG
/
y
L}%
8
}P
H
:=<
3y7 iV
7) ? y ) F~ V ) C P'$ ) 6? + ECC A@ ) B E$f Q Y" + O}C
N+ B ? O) O + P BCGB =]_ B7 $yqG B+ E K +LG) $ P' L) BC B
d! 7*'JE*LY
C-
8 ,B!$ ,
,' 7+Y M+
{
!8 ,,MB7ML7!L7Y" 7
[ P{
+
YY'
{
D D
EGFHFIJ
8U
qLK
Trace number
0
100
200
Time (sec)
>
ENM
PO
IQ
5ERJ
D DM
nCGL
<
!
"$#
&%
(' )# $#
* ,+"-) ,
/.0 H)' ,. 1 2$# 3 %,x
/. 2 . #) . # 2 8
42 8
x
<
/.)% 2
% , ' )
%
,
-
5
6%
%
,0
" '
x
7
/. 2 ' )#
8 . #) . #
8
4
8
# ,
79
/.0 H # ,
% ,
2!# H . , .
75
*@G2"4@2 2"G
9
9 4"I:hE:
6EG9:2
:;8_! -S8N LX sri-PbW
TMGL iT1"G QSW
OPaN3G RNES M iS GP
XaNPaNW
XPTVLG-X=<_X8iR>CXaNG;/LGPaNGRNESRQXLp_wGMN8XPGP#RN8RTQXGgN2:
iMWn
T _NX\
gO QG
X -@
?dWXB
P A=
i|QWnG
P !T^W _sO -PCG
P _MiS M _NXN
TVG
L RG
L O_OjL M8N 8MW
/!8 -PTMNoTVLL
X%
iRW
-XG
P -PTVN3TMG
L UsO QnT _G
X , imW
OQRN3TVG
L UG
P _MiS M _NXW
eN UN TVG
L Z6 H bRG
L O_O
/LGwS-N8wN
TMLGwMLLOQOeGMN8VW
OgQXG- m
DCFEHGJIKTVX
N -S^LNTVG
L dgO QG
X -[TMLZWTWa/K-SiTP7 @ N8
SW
X#SN
n'XTTMLGQmOs_XGaNYLLXd_TM[NTVGET1QmXNO_NXG8[N
_XTniTV9XW
O_TiRXZWTn
PG-G
G8QG
X c7W 3Q2
: LYL
L QS^^
L -S^LNsO _G
X W
{TMG
L -aW CW
Pn3TMLGYMLG-OQORQXTiML-Ti
N
8
b
S
W
X
p
m
N
M
T
b
L
n
"
N
P
G
W
T
N
X
S
i
q
N
8
O
g
s
H
/
f8]!TWPG-GG88_XGaNEPGaTVLZWTW /
/LG_[OgQXGaW XP&TVLLoXG
):<TQ'[G_S0/ N8TMLG_PGWHRXnNoGMN :
/LGPnNoGMN"Si-M.%GswWl-TwN {O_NES_T1
m /LGwN8WHMPgXnNTnN
D D D
EGFHFIJ
qLKed
ENM
gf O IQih O
5ERJ
f E
j
oL /LGUPaNRT7
/LGq_X iRmXnNTnN
_TMLGQXbW S^LCS-P7
l-!3-+ ' )- )$#m ) ' )$. 0 ' $l ' # -$ %
(
/. 2 n %"' n % . , ' $"- m, -)- # #
, ' $"- m( -)- # #
)
"&)#m ) ' '#n #"!, $ %"' , ' #"o' l
" ' #n #n!, $ %n' ) #m n ' '$#"8'
#$"$
OWTnPbRLGO_OGMN8VW a/W
24:DE8"5@6:2H@"2P8
W
XP
24:DE8"5@6:2P+G
H
prq@q
ts
uviWwxvzy
Y=Z
,QX$D2")
S
D D1
nLG
h37NinN RTUN -
MSVWTMS^Lj_UWoTnQ'/:<SNX'QXG
WHWs\NlSiTUPN
YXTMLG3PG!8O_N'XTiTQ'
7N8GUWHTVLNMKSiRTw MN /K_RnT _G
X lRG
L O_OQTMN
nW/XL-NXGB!8-XaYLG-X3t/PN
X76T5.L_TnC'i\YLZWT-!8i3G
P !T^W _OE'
W
Xi j L88T
TVLWT/N8PN3TVLGUMW
w
H
&
Ly
MN
_TQXGbWdMLLOQOOss/H
!
0'm # ' % m #A %
- #
%
. '
% H)' .
7
n# % 6 ' % 6
- % 3 . ) m%x
. 2 l % 8 %
x
H
8
D D
EGFHFIJ
% $ #
/. .2m m ) ) n-n # ) % %
Q +
8 m
$
A%
% ! #
qLKed
ENM
gf O IQih O
5ERJ
f E
j
79
n
)-) )% --
75
H
9
\)"$\n"n"0h22!00
*
\ a
/ x 8R*nxaGoGMxna i(GGS
D a x a $22 1 xM aGl gGUGdM_Ru/H-"'oaL
0
g /K
0
f8 G_|
8
n n d8 V w^
G
i GbG 88
8"F s_
M_ n i-i 8!
a g
o
)-) m
nCGL
D D
)-) m
@a
8
G*$22 "F1_8ia8c8G sLj5-iRgniCaG ZitH0_
G'
0i HBG Yg
n 1
Q3 aG WCFEHGJI&xn!
Ga8 ca =
1 i <DL - 0 R d
R-zG 1M C L
ta;
M U
V G2V G/RMk 3Q/'i_
& (a'
.%G@ i Y L
V taG URRxUs G aG mG_HG m
RUG 8 L
n Q@ 8G |0 )n &
n !8 gaG |)n iii@cG a \G 0o
n09
! i=-0k v x n 2n !8RnaG G vBaaG ZH a/n iR\ }d
0 aG G G H_0L s /n a
WZ iRi
j
iG 0D
QaG _ 0 /BG q<8 GL wG R
-H0/ L G c0) n G \8 n a2:
' G
iG QC_G iG 73WaG CFEHGJ
I LGx : @ ! i
k 8 Gx8 8a
G 6<xG 0"i ')b
> i g 1 [=i
t /SG
n&0c L iL 6 8M6
n
s L
1)n R tG Zp
_ 8_,
b
wi x 1: 0 CDG "\G !L iZL
@
Y:
t(NRC6"G FT@ !0c aG |Z] ZL .%0 n H 8
0G ) s@!i 0 n "
b t
RgSaG
C0 \G Q!i 0 n gzaG /xG
0s SaL s -
aG C.% s
`G @ 0kn 3
G
* Sa /`!8i\s L i
YRRx /G @% G i Q
0i -m a1 2 }),
6G
o
G * 8iR8C
ivG &Z iM3(%*
`
aG gG i0"i wn G s g
R"\ z%zH g MGn R
G xG a /-
V
3 G2[ x aG &n K2\
6aG nG { s '0)n - g 'Was G a gna gaL
wZ0 a/n M@ ) 7
B8 /&8 8 M *
H@
2-$+0
gaL(a')\0G! aG_~_SgMi(HaG*8
VL
|Gg/n$E
F
G
RGnx
G G: /K_xnGwsGYa
'
'8GG
! 0s a(a0
'cd/"aG_!Qt0 k{cH"0CVRMU"bi6
G
L 8ix8 t iaa8 <c pn 0a]/)X \[
G
YwnLv!xsgi\{%{G
?G G _Q@aG 8 2n i2
B 8ii2 n g3@0G ii L G
\8
i M bMaL aR
x8 00DG UGa0 /H R"\Q t R) k
"L
" CG [Ga0 /H0Zn p
_G n n _&G G Us 0L / v
P
Z:
7
P
eK d
D D
EGFHFIJ
1500
0
2000
Velocity (m/s)
2500
ENM
gf O IQih O
5ERJ
f E
j
3000
Time (s)
P
aG2@ G)LP
xGiG8a,
g8G\
HaL30G"D$8iU
0i
oL= '
0LiiFTUU8HZ 0U ntGWsGzn% D"S"
;UTUn i G /HaL G !0L)Z n0G)SL
GzG L(%*S)0x
G `g * 8N i 6( 0 `aG 6$3% tH 8`$"* &aG n'
x08 0)Z 0aG (*j8 Htn iU8 ,0 V c !&8 ix 0U 00\8
0G
)a n 7 j
L 07 6aG G /SaG 0G ( !
n H xaaG k /1*gL
!)U8 =/K2 xV @0 Ut |
8 @p
'
)n 8i@ a0'
0k
/8
a
8 G1
n i8 a
w
/n G G5 naL <8 GxG G bMt)g ! xS x!L
n
02tG `G R
% r2\R 8 Wi L 0i
AL$nn\n;
G 8ac 70 / n za n : rixgn i Ha;
0 L
k!"H
G S xzL "G 0i )BLP 0
/n c B xn `aG G x8 8*)n w
m G
nCGL
D D
prq@q
P x0$t8
G
8Gi n`)L0
Uuou8yF
!GGaGk:
20w)Z 0nG&8
UaGW$ GNCG8a&H 8W8
1"2xax s!HGGNRC-
G
tPR
R y
b L )t'G|00K|0 sLniWGGitR0
V b
G) sLs/n`GGiR0
VRVQb
)tG G iU
ZS s G
G
V b
) ia n
8 a
K
w
G G G ix 0 a
VPR
3y7 iV~PyG
b L
n
28 n0
V b
0GL\rix00ni0s0Lt0
|
VR6b
)
a 2n0
V? V b
ri&a&0g8gS'a@L00U/
Vb
08 x* :&$8 8
H8 /n
V Fb
G b
G
t0n G
Vi b
8 U a t)D s G a G ! G itR 0
V GyBb
xa 0!
a
V#" R6b
2 D "
V 4b
0
HR 8/U 00 a
VR8
&(')'*+
-, d &/.
$$%
N
V >~PyG
a!Ds65= 00$tt0xnG
798 :<;>=? b Gt0D ssa65r 00$tt0 nG
7983@A7 ;CBED(=GF b 8a!*! s H
U0xnG
: ;=G? b G * 0 g8g n i Hx i
U0 nG
7983@A7 <
V G
prq@qJI
p Klwu3LNMPOzPL(s0~zuQUROz4SiuUT wu3SRs0wuV
GNRC4gk!i(Gx2G
VW
Gzk!i8\0*gaL@$
8gi
G Ls
a s)!x8
GH GV[58
G xn\6< G>]\_^UgW0
xGi
@ D(` Y L a
0xnGaGbacedG8a&wGo2gf" k:0"kix8bxnG0
H a'
iz G gih` 0za0 0 j0( taG i s n si L 8 z na L G
G W0s G z0"i
w
na n a
@G "i G "G aC 0 zG 26n i zn 0 GH 0G
n G H H2:
798 i'
*aG Sx 0/n Gk\"G Sa SG -[iSaL b8G b
8a
G |
8 2n L Sg x q
L HatG $ G W n x`n L s p
g sitg !
80Gg G
g
b H 2 80G i
l \$g m)n
Oo D0)a8 LiF)8 Gt0 a
G D0 0 _P p 0 Zi
D0 a0N Gx g
xn L
G D0 *H 85x it0 G
D0&$ s 00\8 xU '
(0x g7 FG * 0 g8g n i q
x
gD0x g7 F\ ( g8g n i q
]
G rH
U 00\8 @L 8 8&
g
ms)b3K2s r
5 00$t 80G
Oo *K 8an it0 G
G *K" s7 L t0 D s8s a
!5 00$tt
0 xUG 8a&
P ut!v X : @w v xxyz ; v ?VD 7 F|{ t~} ;V{ x : 7 =G`D @A ; Xo7
X : @ZY
G
)go(|_||34((_g((
$$
@ y x4v9v ;C3=
` v 7 `D4BF 7
7 x 8 ` X F y F 7
Gg
*GGg0sg)ac8,)n0Da&0DGtt\*0GR
H8a)tGgW0GG&/ 0GtGxtGaL8GGW8Li"GH
rZ6!
i6
Z6A
GSn10Lx<%Gxn01l),G NRC
ixi 'D0t;/i
aL*Gg/a88_|g-g ja0*aLx"S\s w&8G(Ggax4a)Z0aL
8Gxi"G 0s0GgsisGaHsR0?/K
Z 0si
86H4a
-E( G,
aLGg/a8D'GGGGNRC
xZ kn*Gx2GG
prqHq
nv"s
Fs0wveOzu3nswv
\ &0/
_
ia(0xa (x2xV_00z(_Si00
((x-
A]@Pz(
0x<U&0_0
!0Zk -0&
8 F 7 v ; x Zn X/*X/^^aY^j*XZVZV] XZV]o/Ys2iVZV/ Z 2_)Gm"]\[ nGm"^aYs2RXZV
XB4s o/ >4 s\us| ] / s *"H
7 :Fg`!Z >"i /i>is|Q4
9
4 zGn /q /R S>4 2)Gm2 )Gm"-s2/|/o
4 t CR6s" / / o (4 "! i4 / /#$
W4>4 tR
| O s-
/ s-g
si us2P9 >4 | O s-z
)Gm"
H
_) G"m SW
|g(g &%" #%0)'%2!\n)(2)%+*7
||-g &%2#%'%n2$,%"$n
n2*a-
&
4 -RW
.
-4/ s0
/2 1o4 3g
8 F 7 v ; x Z65
/s s"/ s"o4m\g 7#s(s"2n4m s
/uB>4s g/ 4 / s \s| / s| "
7 :Fg`!Z65 / o -"z] /P! N*>4s|H489
/ "o4mZs"/ ;:
||-g&%2#%'%n2$,%4m"22 *
>4<
; :
||-g &%2#%'%n2$,%s4m g
)2 =&%)4m 2"2 *a-
>4
$
&(')'*+
-,A&/.$BDCFE 0 *1HG 032 &4+HE9&JI
$?>?@
Vs / "
n(m s2/ ;:
L ||-g&%2#%'%n2$,%n)"22 *
>4<
; :
&%2#%'%n2$,%s4m g
)2 =&%)n)2"2 *a-
L ||-g
K
^`_ a_?b
TdceJcgf h
O lVWe&mh+n
i,jkce
- z; uDqw vxpRRRzy{J{(6g(|q6vxp0}y~v_JquDvxp)_q6p'0{&yqtyqts&yq}yqwpBy6v_0Uv_yqa
wp#qvN!,v_yq
o?prqts
8 F 7 v ; x Z + 4 q J 9 s
q
D4
"!
7
: Fg`!Z 48"! 9s z ns 4.,~29s 48N!9s
s- ! ! bW Z 4 |4}"! i4 | |
&),2 4 | X 44 | 4 Jr 2 4 P q
gs| /
9s
_m 4 P s s 4&),2 4 | g a9s6 |4
2 a"! 2 o i 4 <s|g osj / o
x =# 4 -R -4 s0/21oPa"!9s | / 4q
464 | R a 4Q&),29s
L ~ :
/
WWx
4 -|O
7 |/ 4 Q"! 64 |
x =+*
)go(|_||Y4((_g((
$?>
2P
s
4 <;:
WxxW 0 #xxx
WxxW#'00Wx#$x
-G P s 8/21o2o
"
;#xx
~'xx
* W
n
xW ;#$W)Dxx#
W;Wxx
W4} 4
R
|s-
4(
' ((
8 F 7 v ;x
Z6 g x =n ( i
&),2 4MP q Rs
/
W4 2
4 |s q
|s
7 :Fg`!Z6 4os },~2 4"gs/ 4 4R Q |s x =#
\s 4! s "&),2 4 |+o 4}"! qq /s\s 4
] 4] s s 4 ? 4 J T>/s- J V o
J }
4 G i 4
$?>$
8 F 7 v ; x Z4 a J 2 4
s GPs s |
/s # J 2 #)xx ##g) Lx P W4
i W)xx|JWz9s 4 + Z s
7 :Fg`!Z4 u w gs F 2 4s } s4
om4m (
7
: Fg`!Z6 4H s- P 4 4| 4 4 \s r;
4 \s P 4 4ri r
' )W#x|#4"!Q
L
U
2 "!
Wx#0#xW'rxx
O 6
/ Rs 4 6 | +9s Z
|9s
4s| |
7 :Fg`!Z 4 Z
o 9s J -:
4
P
>|9s P
T
)go(|_||Y4((_g((
$?>?>
D)
W0#xx#
x#$x#k
w
n
#
||* f
s8*
Mc Fl!
^`_ a_
lc#"}m|n%$
c<n%"'&
i,m?e'm|n%$
y/4y{(6p'6726qwp'(,8vv/+yp.yqqs&yp8y(u;p'u]Fy}y9+>02dq:4;(
l ]hy)<((=-xv_-qy548{(.>_N:((qqtv?1@>ywy/1'A1'wvuDp'qts/o+%-xv y8vxp yp
CB3
DFEFEFEHG9qs(: (8<; yp*(I-xvJ
&
2w 6p(D {qv* ( LK FMqvN(D q |m OQP 7R vxpS-xv(
qty/48
{( >6 u)
yL>|w pJqts-.
qy548
{(. >_@
(D qqtvT(vH8.
{( +Py' ]quDvxp*(qtyp#qU1'6v)u(:VTWX(yF1'6v)u(: VL Y Fl Z[5\ v_)
] Fl [H^ 2w 6+v_6 y6Hyqq_ 84Jq`(aqv y{yp.&),2qty/4
<'WWWW
yp
o+$qts((b(q6wN{'v0(plk qb29vmgnG&qts(Dp8qo-p
?>
8 F 7 v ; x ZG s| 2
i| P 'Mza
7 :Fg`!ZG 4/
9s
2P
s 4
i| <qs J 4 ;:
q;'qn
H5xHqxQrq;#Ht
W#JW#FWxQr)
sF//#JW
/
)
s 5t/H
n
J# ;
x
; s)5t
7tQxS
#D
xD#FW
5 x##L HF//
#<
5x#
#<
rx"J
#Hg
x
5tW
^`_a_X
l$n l$i&c
as(()(;uqwvp.y{'{(0(m(_(;p(ty#g(0(q6vxp*(Qy/1~v_Jqqts-FN!T4&yu}gy_)
8 F 7 v ;x
Z5 - E4 4 y ; |.
# 3) -
N 4 sO | / 64z
4 3)u
&
hP":
8 F 7 v ; x ZR s 4 |-
~ - g gQ-g(;
?>
5)##7#/Hx5J
7
5)vQWxW
<
4 7I #:
4
#xx5xx///J
s /
2
W q
_W
#9
#9
4yqwvxp*(Qy*('yw.-p(;{(D{lGyq084J4yqy+v_yq-4-wuy"!J4(vxty/8 wvvHg( :g
qts-A4(
vxty/8 :(|q6p'<1;6vQ2W2Pr)um4Jq;{wp-_(+>vH8 qs(A4(v_ty/8 K M qtv1(-ww{qts((
q084J4yq ^ w
as(Fp|;891m( wp=(g&y1(yu}gq`(yqqs(;p'{.v/+qts-Fwp(0(uwp0qts(Y(q6p'yFp'vq
4&y| q9v5+qts(
(qw p'72R
y{'{(; {qts(0 8gqvy+Pyuw 6 qyqa
{( (u* (m(w vxpv/+qts-Q
q0 84J4yq as-z
(D uD q9qv
0 zu; p#q}N!uDv){(6 p'! (c&p'{-w p' ypZ : (|q6 p'U4( vx_t y58(: 8w wya
qtvqs(
vxp-
-xv_
29yp#q qv2] q
o+#-xvr
s&yL>_
q v_; 1'Y
wvuyqw p'qs(qw xs#qQu;v{(
v_
u;v{(0 (Qqtvu;6vxp(/ G y5(mgr* (qts( (u;yp1F
qts-
qtv'
xs(0 (q)4&y| qQv5+qs(
vH1l
]qts'v 'xs<>y
?>~
q_x7/F#7r#
7S!UFW#I5Hq)_/q)/t0u5
Qq0
'W!<2l
'W! 5
;
L 5H/
;
;
Q#s x#nDxWD );xx
4
;
;
AW 7 J#?
#0J
s x2l
;
W
;
;
<Lx )v
#0J
s x2l
;
;
;
3 xWxx"Wn
;
3 xWxx"3J
s
W
;
;
7H/
q5/5//5/5//5/5//
WW/5/5//5/5//5/5//5/5//555/7/5/Fq
qN#2l
Qx#;JU##;Wx
Qq
7
sJ#DDx/
D#0
DW//5r*
qr7sx0s"
qJxxFS7q
D';#H2
H
H7r*
#5
n;xWnD 5n
q?x#_s)x
?7q
!Xx
7
)#L x#FW;x#L;/
Q
77
u7
#xF
agH)s|]fg(;
?>
q?xD#xx_s W2;xW7q
!Xx
*5F;x2;##nL
! ;
L xx#s DL
7
_7
q#F Q r###n7q
xS
##
!tD#;0
Q
!S?
7
7sx#xJ;55Fs&DFq*n
nS
sJ0s\5rxWSrxNtD#;75
7#
s x# W#Q*
x
S x#FW
/
x#? 7#
s x#7S #FW
F
7x
s #xJ;55 # *Lq*
sJ0s\5rxWS?x# ##7sx#x
D#; 757s#x#W#Q*
t
x
S x#FW
/
x#4 ##7x
s #xx);#L #L
# L
# ;
'x*5
05
LQ
##S_WL/7#l
7
) '
E8ywp#qy)wpFqs(6pWqp&y>o(wvp*(Ov/+,qts(9u;v{(_(2]qtsqts- !
E)qw6q- 45as((6q_8
(s'vF2b(qs(
(qw p'q_ 84'4yqz
+v_6 4
c' *bw p'uD' {-_ (=WP{-D uDq-v_w pJ{(; uDq- ^ yw v_(
wvuyw-{-0 c&p(D {J8yuvH(yp'{
[ bas(U
4( vqtvq-4_ (
as(
c' x =+*8s&y/(qs(}
{(0 c&p-6 q6 vxp*(+v_a
qs(
q yu}
s(; y{(,
c4D w{*(
(qty; {rw p(0 ({-; 8<] qaqts-v
o(; +{'vu_w p;+v_o 8yqw vpn6 p'u;' {(Q
qs(_ 8 'yuDqt.-.y/()-v_
j bas(y
c&pJ{0qs(_ 8 w p qs(
u;v{(_ (,(w p'u
qts( -0y* (D {@1-qts(}
y) qtvH8yq6 u{'vu; 8<D pWqtyq6 vxpU(s(; 6:(
as(
(q-F
v/+qts(
(D +{'v)u(s'vF2pj: (q-4(6 uy3 )u_ 4JqQqts&yqv/+2q; p.y{'{(] q6 vxp&y; (ty_w p+v_
8yq6 vxp: (,(s'vF2pryqqs(
1Nvqqtv/8 yp'{G&v/+uDv_(m (/ G&v/+2q; p0qts(Y
y
8zv_
vH4Jq6 vxp*(
vvHg
yqb(vH8
: (qw p'uDv){-_ (b+v_uw {(; y/(
1- / oq ( q p'y'qtvYyL>xv_6 {
\ bas( (: (Oyp q p&y&{(D u;wyt yqw vxpv5+"ypN!SW&),2 ^ q yu,
29y/(qw p'(|qyu}gA(o4&yu)
]E *
(& y6-{(0 (u: 1
qts-
x6vH1&y>yw y/1'_ ( yq9qs(Q
q: 8
v/+{(; uD4y yq6 vxp
Jy/8w p-Q
uDv){(0 (
; 4yq; {qtv-xv(m (zqtvw p'u y5(8
u;vxp*(: (|q; pJu0-v/+ pJvH8<D p'u;wyq-N
Wqs( (zpJvv/zuw y"!
p&y58<6 p'I(qtyp'{&y
{ ^
?>
bas(NFM
&
bas(h
J M(! O@(*1-v_Jqwp(zuyw#(m4;uc40(Yqs(zuu*8(qtyp'u_('p'{(y2s(6us(D+{'v)u
26 w1iDus'vD{qv qts(i;(as(zy_*8;p#q#" ky54*4'_(qv qts(q-4(6uy4(vxty/8 qts&yq
(_ (Fvxp'-<(qtyp'{&y{6p*4(JqWC )%$ ^ qtvN;y{ypN!qtyuIc&)'&)((" Z kl+v_}u;v{(_(}qts&yq
*
u
yqI
(o-p#qts-D q6 u{&yqtyWP g , ^ yp'{)" [ k+v
u;v{(_ ( qs&yq6+ *g(
q2+vN6 p*4(J qzc&0 (
W 2R
uDv_' w{A(yL-S qu q y;G1-J qaqts-}
y)
p'vi : (qw p'N!8yw p*(<qts'yqu, *g( |
v
8zv_66 p*4(J
q,c'_ ( ^
(c4m(|qQqtyu/G6q]+W_84Jq-_bas(y(*1-v_Jqwp( ) MMh ogWp'vF2b( y/1~v_Jqmqts-"!
qt
yu+vm8yq93&)(&yw-.qts(qtyuc'i:(y{v+>v/8(qtyp'{&y{E6p*4(JqYyp'{qs(;p2P<*(
v1&y/(; {vxp ) MMh{-0 c&p(D {6 p *5
4Qvq qts&yqqts( (zuDv){-
) MMhT2s-w us : (zyv8yu
84'0 (qs&yq qs(
c4o (q qt yu: (]; y{w p#qtvqts(
qt yu9
1( I
WPs(
uywD {@Mh ^ G"qs(0 +v_
2Pf
2w w"s&yL>_}
qtv4( vu0 (m(qts( (aq yu
10 +v_
qts(}
p( )qQuyw"qv ) MMhG
0 21 y{8qts
FZ
Q[
Fj
L\
MMh0ypJ{0
]bas(6v)v/4q;pJ{
qs(;p=
( qvH4*(
bas((u:(yp
p&yqw vp
^`_?a_A@
&
MMh0y) qts-YvJq`4()qyp&ywvH(av/+
)
MMh0yp'{
MMhG
MMhDq(p*(<y Z 2s(;pqts-aqtyuc&:(A)s&y;(qD{yp'{qts(,4-vu_(o(6p'
<*(D{8qviwp'{-wuyqz('u;u_(o(o+>'4(v_ty/8gqm8>
i,me'mn%$
cBlDC
*(Yy/(mg);{y/1NvJq}"!4-vu_(o(6p'A+v_%>ywy/1'FDp'qtsqtyu_( q}s-:(6wp;(q]qJq/G{'yqy0y
u;vwD
uDq; {+> vH8 q: 8
v/+ Ju6 qtyq6 vxpqvyA>yw y/1'
qo 8<6 p&yqw vxprq:8as-{(.zu']q-:(qts&yq
XW AW$ZY\[H^];9Y\[8_a`fb\cdbW*
?>e
( _(o(wpJq:( 1&y5(;{vxpqs(Q,~2(qtyp'{&y{2s(6us8yp'{&yq_(<qts'yq+ywJqtyu_(Pwpqts({&yqty
(q91v/+9qts((ty/8;p'qtsf1yqts(Yqs&ypu;vxp#q084J4yqwp'8us&yp'wp'ywOv/+"! GW6q(_8(Fqv
*(Yqts&yqFqts(
(vxJ q6 vxp: (}qtv<4- vF>|w {(
y<4( v_t y/8 qs&yqFu;vxp> qm(qts(
>yw y/1'
; p'qs{&yqy8qv
c;; {8D p'qs {&yqy91-A4'y{'{(6 p'926 qsAV v0 (2s(}
p(; u_ (m(yo -8yqaqts(6D p'{8v/+qts(
qt yu_ ( qLk(
p&y/8Q
qs(: (9p(0 24( vx_t y58 & M
/
E
uypA8y/g)
qts(
; pJqts v5+Hqts(
vJ q`4() qaq yu0 (yq* (
4&y y/8D q
o+Oqts( (y< y5(vxp&y51'Y
us'v_6 u/ G6 q8y5g_ (z(; p;(
qtv4( vF>|w {-
y{( +Py' ]q>y(
+v
4&y y/8D qm ( 5 G*
(6 p'rqts( ; p'qtsv/+qts-
c4m (|qq yuA
(_ 8(qts-A
10 (qus'v_6 uU
(w p'u qts&yq
>y-
uyp=1Y
y/(u qy)w p(D {@10 +v_
qts(
8yw pA4- vu_ (o(6 p'6v)v/4A(qy) q`(
"!v4 v)u
8
;
u
v
(
{
/
q_5//5on#ILWQr)
~qpS
F#xI7q)0Hq+pT5t0up/TJQq
'W!<2l
'W! 5
q5/5//5/5//5/5//5/5//5/xxW7s)#xJ/5/5//5/5//5/5//5/5//Qq
DW
x#X
J
;
LH/5 H79 n ;#r ) xWnr#_s5J
s
;
;
HWr F#r ))x #W"8Lxt x xW"
4
;
;
AW 7 J#?
#0J
s x2l
;
W
;
;
<Lx )v
#0J
s x2l
;
x7
xQ#s W_sH)
n| )
;##0H
;
3 xWxx"Wn
;
3 xWxx"3J
s
;
;
7H/
q5/5//5/5//5/5//
WW/5/5//5/5//5/5//5/5//555/7/5/7//55Qq
qN#2l
@
Qx#;JU##;Wx
qx##7WS7q
Dx5r/x
r J0/SF7;7nn
7
sJ#DDx/
D#0
DW//5r*
qHrQs#_sH)n
n
#Q###
qJxxFS7q
D';#H2
H
H7r*
#5
n;xWnD 5n
q?x#_s)x
?7q
q?xD#xx_s
2
W ;xW7q
##S_WL/7#l
q7rH
+s5
rx"#JQq
x#_s
4QvF22utkvAw'pyxwp#qtvy(m8y6Q{dx.zu+w']q-zxd{wdv
vp'-J4&y^vy/8%tq|t,v
s&y/(0y{dt+Py^w'6qA>y}wdtqs&yqjx(
vH1Jqty^xwpt;{vxp'-y5+2q|t,vI2utfvat;y{~x6pqsdtAc!vm(|qqavtyu,t^zasdt8vH1>x6vw*((vwJqaxwvxpx:(qvvAt0>^t+vm(Atqtst
4&y^vy/8tDq|t,vtDqq|x6p'zyp'{
qtsdtqavtyu,tY^tDqqaxwp'x6p0qsdtq|t084'wyq|t9zas\w*(b2utZvat0(aw*8t/p
XW AW$ZY\[H^];9Y\[8_a`fb\cdbW*
t
V+t,vvlt_(qtvrqsdtjt;pJ{v5+qsdtjxwp;4dwJqqavtyu,tjx+qtsdt v^wJq`4dw)qt;pJqtsx(9(m4t;u,xc!tD{^vatyq|t+vqs&ypqtst
xwp;d
4 wJq}t;p'qsz.t uDvw'6{T
2 vax6qat ya( x8J
4 t6v)v/4qtv{JvqsdtvH1Gw1wJqqtst qy/(ogx:({'vxpdtA8zvH(q
(awJu;u+x6p'uDq-1k
- w*A( xwp'0qtsdt<H& =vvwJqaxwpdt &
M zjvFu
2 t> t+v0G6
2 tuDvxp;+ t_(o(Fqs&yqZw'p'}t_(m(26t/k >t
K 7N
K
w*A
( t;{.x6q8vatDu+tDpWq-/Gu
2 tw*a( w&yw-A+ v^vtq s'vF
2 qtvw;a( tqsdx:2
( vvw)q|xwpt^zf
d pdty( vx}wJq|x6vxpx
( qv<O (8qvqtst
%
d
{
x
A
v
;
t
u
t
q
v
y
J
p
I
{
;
w
(
a
t
h
v
c
&
'
p
{
v
q
d
s
+
t
3
v
*
w
(
A
_
t
(
z
/
v
+
M
z
U
d
s
;
t
S
p
2
6
8
t
{xw{qtsx:(_G#6
2 t
K
K 5N
&
K
+vw'pJ{qts&yq K M s&y{%w*t( y^tu;6vHa( t0( q+qtvy
2 s'yq6
2 tpdt,t;{dtD{0yp'{qs&yq6x:(
2 s-6
2 tz|( qy^v|q|t;{+ vvH8
yu;vH40
- v/$
+ qts'yqu;v{dt^zM2t+vatx
( qsdt}u;vH8'
4 }tDq|tz
8 y^x6pU+ vv , \
M p
q_5//5on#ILWQr)
~qpS
F#xI7q)0Hq+pT5t0up/T
7q
'W!<2l
'W! 5
q5/5//5/5//5/5//5/5//5/xxW7s)#xJ/5/5//5/5//5/5//5/57q
DW
x#X
J
;
LH/5 H79 n ;#r ) xWnr#_s5J
s
;
;
HWr Fxr #n;x#
4
;
;
AW 7 J#?
#0J
s x2l
;
W
;
;
<Lx )v
#0J
s x2l
;
#7
#7xs 0s
"| xx) ;xW/;
;
3 xWxx"Wn
;
3 xWxx"3J
s
;
;
7H/
q5/5//5/5//5/5//
WW/5/5//5/5//5/5//5/5//555/7/5/7//Qq
qN#2l
Qx#;JU##;Wx
Qq
qx##7WS7q
Dx5r/x
r J0/SF7;7nn
7
sJ#DDx/
D#0
DW//5r*
qH1_sH)"
n
#QxxW
xS
##2
0H?qH)Jxx"Qq
sJ0s\5rxWS*#
0 ;#*Q#WQ*n
0
#;
'5rHZ; Dy;/n
!#
#;75
##S_WL/7#l
'WWx
q7rHx5xW#0s#W#D#x!#
#
r *
v# #0l
D#F
Q#s xx"#UDx####o
x
n;xW
WF
D#7rH
J_5J Q(
5 Qn
N #2l
7;7n
Dx5r/xrJ0/SF
XW AW$ZY\[H^];9Y\[8_a`fb\cdbW*
>
dz+u;vwvm(at5GOp'vF2gqts&yq ) MMhs&y/(y1Xt,t;pw*(At;{xwpq29vuDv){t_(_Gmx]q(s'vw'6{T1t'tqavtyuq|t;{y/(y
xd
1 vty9vo-f+ w'p'uq|x6vxpypJ{92ut(s'vw'6{98y/g^t9yu;vxp>^t;pdx}t;p'u,t)8yu,vvQ ) MMh+vv$qtsdtau;y/(at9v/+n(qtyp'{&y^v{
xwp;d
4 wJqzg6wJqqtsdt0a( tFy^vatfA( t;u;vp'{&y^v0
- u;vxp*A( xw{dt,vtyqaxwvxp;a
( qts&yq{'vplk qQy^vAx:(At%+vv,8v/(qy/4*4Jxwu;yq|x6vxp*(,z
i&vv<yp-pdt2
"!u;v{dt/GWvxpdtb(s'vw'6{4vvF>lxw{dtyptJy/84'}t,(sdtDw4dvvxvty58
u;v{dtx:(aqv1Xtw*(At;{z68t,vatx:(,(Aw'usryI4dvvxvty58
qtv(s'vF2
+vvyxwpJ{'vF2b(^vty/4'sxwu_(0p
q;'qn
T L
r x#"DrWJ;~JW0#LJ
N
30J
s T xF 'oW;/
nDx0J
s n $
x0J
s nQq )D# F ##nQqF# _)
s Hq 2;
7xonH5x/t5#L
Dx/75#
"
t )
s 5
'_/75# "t JL
'Ho n#Hu5/
nH)
L nHx //5
'Ho n 9xH5
nH)
L nH ^#5
x_sHWx#
Qrx#
Wx#
FJ
L555
Qxr x
//
Wn!HrW#n;
WxDm)
}J
s #.
xn` xW"j
7x
_)
s S5F'
Ho n7tH/ nHJ
_o n/ /L'
0/o no 7nH)_nHH9
7
t HF'
Ho nW5t n/J
_o nHNt W5t FJ
0/9 n ^W5tHn/JLnH^N
W0sJQr#T_s5sJx3F 7t#x#n;Wx
2 Qr x##W fs)#
Sx/
x_sHW
x#Nrx#
Fs
yp'{8sdt,vatx:(aqsdtZvH(|q/7)u,vax:4)q8t,*\wdx>y}t;p#qLp
q;'qn
s'vF2
qsdtpdt02
TLrx#"DrWJ;#n;##0xTxF'
N
30J
s T xF 'oW;/
nDx0J
s n $
x0J
s nQq )D# F ##nQqF# _)
s Hq Wn*
#n;Wx0# x7)
r #W#H)
r ;#QJ
s #
T#r ))W5//J
05/5
WM
J05/5# H #5//)
_5/5
7xonH5xQ0LxF
Dx/75#
"5
}J
s 7x
'_/75# "5
D)FF
x_sHWx#
Qrx#
5)#0s#xx
x pxxW"rJ;~s7
_sH)
"@WxW
5)#x/uxx_s#x#
HrW#0s#xx; H7g
0 Wx##'8WJQrx#
Wx#
FJ
L555
Qxr x)//#n!rWx";
WxDm)
}J
s #.
xn` xW" IQ)_7H5
W0sJQr#T_s5sJx3F 7t#x#n;Wx
2 Qr x##W fs)#
Sx/
x_sHW
x#Nrx#
5W
t
Fs
^vAaxfmz78%x>|
42t02md^^df1t_(At^vAlGQd^z
d}+^A2{vax.>t
ydx}at12x.>t,vh^wd,axl
G t+vm8
Z ] Z/Z
&{7
8%^vAaxQ{dt,v+z+H8
+/891dxt_(6+/84d}t,at/G(ax84d}tb4dval+t,dwdv|9X^dw!9t,2x}|%+>^t+dx}t+
,(aw;4*4X^vAw+v6vAt^l
x*G8'^x:4dwd9|x}d*G^d2vax}axd(!Q1x!^v-av|^,t%vAt++^va!93(Aavat+/8(,z
8 5g^t_(Zx}
'
t5(o-T+v#adtjw*(At+v3|kx;(m4t+,_G6vAt_4vA_GM^dS8%ldx.+ -adtj+
at+
`(/+8kQl!9|(A|vAt/8
1-2vax>|x(Ax:84dt<4dva^v|/8((x M k (fx
at+vad^^w!^t9z M ^:(AS(aw*4*4v`f
( t0
+x}t+
|va^+t/vAxt,\at+U8%^dx4dwd9|x}92dx8'/g9t_(x>w4XH(o(ax1dt|94t+v+vm8x(AH4ddx(Aaxo|t+%|x:
8 tba( t,vaxt0(
4dvA,t_(m(Axdz X6 x:(+vat+t,-IL>9^x/1d}t>lx?+m4J+vAH8|dtut+
at+v+vF>^tmdt,dH
8 t+!;
G 5(
t4d^xt+(xj|t4vat0>lx}w*(2/4*4t+dx.X
z
X6
=9
.+
dt*\wdx}g9t+6u3|t,M9x}dt^!9 X6
q
6ttt+,w|t
\lQ\oQ
olQ a^
5\
xmwdAt,wdd^vmxS|td9%x}dtatax}%tuwat+,z
"!$#%&(' #)(!*+,
-
/.
dt,vat
x}a^%t)!Q
^oQ a
lQ\oQ x !}t+
9xdx}d#|dtatl
!9|at.x+wdt+
x>|
adt
vat,t+^at9d
0 1X324Q51687
9
: \!<;>=@?
QAB!9C;D=@?
E
0 1XGF1,Hl^@687
9
II: \QJ?
QAB!
9C;
!AB!9 I
K6l
H L^NM3lH L^74\O 1,\ 6 HlKlP7Q?
E
0 1XSR41T687
9
9l A,!9T?
0 6 : l!U;;>=754VQ-6W=P7Q?
ABQ
9>;
QAB!9O : \!J?
Q*l
1 -6*X : \Q
SXZY : \!JY3X$[B[$1QX7Q?
Q*l
1 -6*X\A 9^d
olQ
M]XZYAB!9TYSX$[B[$1QX7Q?
E
_^a^!^vaft+vAvava`
|t+(utZt,adtwadw
cb,=
\4A
9^!ol
QddeBd4flgB=h
\!
ji
8k
A+vax}z
at+,x}dva^v|^dx} M x}
|t+vAdvat|u^dt8
i t+,w|t,+z
yx*z8{8|~} z
xMa+vAxM,dax}AaM9at8kt,v|^Qwdd|x^t.!dx>|x}d
2Q*1ZF1BH^ 9d R1 zZdt+At'^vAt3^wa%9|x}^}}jx}^k ^ t,^ x}madt,t8i xj`
|t
x}\at+vAdvat|t+v29x}Xt+vat,
8x}\axj|tZvava^ }x}t
dt8+
at+
|6^ l!loQl
t^}!awd'ZdvAva^
2 51L687 xx}4k9t+t,^vatZ^
\|dx}d!^Xt,t+fvat+^fvA ^!^vafxdwz
z F1BlH d^687 x#x}4k9t+t^axt.!Q|v|9+tjvat,+vAx#vAt^zi!wdv|dt,v
,
|t,\ah^O|tZvAt+,va^vat%^dt59
k ^xd }thxjadtd ^Z9k ^vAxd }t lH z
z Q
|t
h
+
,t+Aax|dt%%t,y
t+v H Lq
6wd}vAt,|wvaadt^ x
|t,t+va`
H
a^%tx
|t,v%9
k ^Dxfx+vAat,+d+z^ 7lt+tadtt,d9S|dx}h9dXt,ddx+(
i vh+d}t,|t}xA
^
!Q)av|^,tZvAt+,vaf%t,y
t+va,z`
l< vwuZ B<u BuZqq $ n Oo $v n lpuJvwmo \$q vw<u
ydt,6t6,dw|t,Zadtawd9|tMA*\w!^vat,av|^,t9
k ^}wdt+ 6tMt8i d^x}|t, X6 Oawddv
v-
k t,,av
! ^at,(Xt,v|9ax+zS'adx6!^v|x,wd9vMx}dA|^d,thdt+vAt lH Lql^ xuk t,,av
^L
t+t,%t,
| adtt8i dvAt+aAx
HlL^M3HlLl^
vAt+aw}|Zx(dt,^
k t+|vZ^t+}t+t+
| t+^)t+}t+t+
Z^uxx|dta*\w!9vat'9u|t
,vavAt+adxd#t,t,%t,\6x l
H Kl z^ dx}udt8.!dx>|x^%x}uQvq8|dt8d^udvaldwd^6
k^t+,ava x>x|dtZt+}t+t+
A
\qt+}t+t+
hvaldwd,+zO%,%w|t|dtZd^2dvAwd,8^
6
k^t+,ava X ^d Z wdat
Ka6
M Z7 z`
*k
^tj
i av|^|t,x}va%9axfva
"AwAu^ut+^ax}}3!5k^t{%ldx.!t+|dtk9^wt+Mx%adt2A|vAt^
^d!^Aat,adtdt,k9^}wdt+^\u^vAx}kadt!9|(|t+^z2t+vAtx}ja+vAxa!9ZdvA'9x,
t+
t9|va^+tZa|!o8x>|25kt,v|^ta*\w!^vAt+a^dt9
k ^}wdtxdt^df|dt,!^Aat,8|tx!. t,
k|dt t
A^dt+k|dtx}d+xj!Q5|vat+^
|t8|va^+t,u,
^x}dt+%xx}z<t2+w
!9|3
^vAz
0 1XGF1,Hl^@687
9
^X 0 ;Q=CO
-6
L6H L
MSHlLl^7
O 1 6H L
77Q?
HlLql^>;^X 0 M3HlLl^@?
0 \l6/ol lLYHl7Q?
^
l l^
\
ld^
E
8i
q 6tt t+,w|t
\\
!\oQl
- Bl!\oQl
^olQ
a^
_^a^!^vaft+vAvava`
|t+(utZt,adtwadw
cb,=
\!
\4A
9^!ol
r
"!$#%&(' #)(!*+,
8i
c^ ldx.!t,`h!Q!9'^vaGadt/.!vaa,vax^Bd< n ooJq4,`2x{dx}Xt,
3at+,d,
j^ M vawddxadtZa+vAx^va
adt!
. vahtjdi 9%d}t^zdt|tjilhw|dw6t
.|dx}t ^dt|dt
at,to|dt|t,vax!9+^%t,vA
adtat,+da,vaxz
@|
Za,vax|x9dw!^^t^z X6 xkt,
at+,x^S9aat+
|x}.|(^vAv|l ^d!^v|x,wd9va}f9vav|l^!
9axdq X^x
9k ^}wdt+,z#!9adx
xA%x}%v^
a!96tkt*kt,x>|%3at+|x}9
x>5 z
dx}#at,,|x})Awd%%^vAx +t,adtdvAXt,vAaxt+^ M
C-Q
U @
B
j|tZa^tvat+|vAx,ax89
M^vAx d}t^d(wdd|x}(!^t+2^vat}xx}at+
xdt+t+dt+
zMdtd>'|x}%t
X6
x p{j|Bxz
T-Q-_Q
k9^vaxd}t+%^vat^}ulvat,wd9v^!^t+`yk9^vaxdt,+z
t+x}d3vatt+vat,d+t,z
zQ48^t+2^vat+^at
vat^x}d2^! t,|x}{9atxx}(adt+
at+
|8^
M^vAx d}t+%^vatf} !^
t, ^wd>z
dtf^vat+vAt9at+fax}%d>
k9^vaxd}t3xax}%}adtt^u!o|tk^t+vk^9wdt#u^^AZ9aax}dt,ax>z
k9^vaxd}t'(^AawdtZ'^
jxZW,
2lw+ 8W} d%,% 9W M
a%d
+
a,
|
^
yk^WdW
dtlXt^
lS 451,
Ck9^^df#w>|"k9^^
yk^Wdhf!^d^w,k+f/k9^
\
ddj%+}W}!
9Wd
Kk9^
*1,
W+d^uaud|^aa_^p
Wad^>%Wad9a,
(9cduaLA`
l
lQ
l : d2 $
!Q!aa^%+,a
W W
a 2^d#aa^a}hW%,
,d }A d3^S# |9 9
llo
W{|f^}d|Aa%^^ W)^
0 !1687 d167 `
k9^/W,Wa+\
P, ,
4
8%|9k9^+^
^
j^O|,WlZ,
l 04 d
aw+ ^lZ
^%| I+
} d^d}! 9a}d}\/k9^+yck9^+^
Z
|%+
^W} dj %+ W} 9k ^+
04 o
l
\
K
.!}a}(
dd }(
OO
O O ^\14d
0 D 1dg+!1 1d\Q
O O
Xl*1,VQ\l514VQ51,-Ydy d@Y)
3AB
O O d Ao !1X\Q^X 1
O O
0 B 1 -6aTY(Z7 9
9l \K)
Y Q?
;>=@?
0 -6 G; =@
? 51/6 1,
a6 7Q
Y 1,
6 Z77J
? II 7
I
;
|NI
M |?
^\
1
XT?
Pdda^d
WWj,\W|^
_^a,'j+^|,%%+k+ >|%+,a}'dW,,a}`8
qO| ^\1 A|9a,,
d,,d^!5k^fAd+
}D|W"ud ^
41 Aoa++
|d,WWaAd|9
k ^ P 4X 51
K
U
%
%ZAl,29
,%+
a
dd Aa|
'a,d,q^
l P8k \|} d%A [BM a M4O, ^d
l y-kA \| da OO |+dB^ q
l
A +} S a^
"!"#
"!$#%&(' #)(!*+,
,
|^d^wZ+AW+(6{( laAd
u
U*)
%+W+,^dZ^da>a^,_k|%a^u ,,h}mW}%d3A|9a,,\a
d
ad,d.}a%+, -u} Aoa++
aadw#|^dw+}.A}c|^+^9d
dd^2!5k
#a, } !9W d#%+ ,P`8
M
0 _QP,1LP
U/.
9 d
m qouQ 2 oml$q5vo
<
kha%d^d9W,qW{^|A}W5`8
d
\ja + } M +
L-vw n P 2 oml$q5vo
M%W+
a}3%ddA4ON/
^dP4ON N9RQ 4 ^dS4 ^5T{ 9dS4IH%^TopW+%+
^}^!awa^dd@}h^+^8iW,a%%k9^!9a,^}
^m,a^>ZWWK`8
d ( ud^
\|}d|!96,Z,ddu^%!Aa^Pk9^!9W(K^ q%d( KdAA|^d
!
^( WZ|9A
!9a } X
%a`
a
UW WVXV P
"!
W#,'^Z|9a%(Wj}\WA3^d|W(Wjdk^W,a
W,9W+
wa9|A
KZK []\
U*Y
%
dd Aa
l 0 T6 x 7
l 0 6 r x 7
l 4X
6 x 7
l
l 0 T 6 |P|_^6r x_^|z8{ 7
Z,y}+f^df,Aa,%d8^fZM QvuQvPq,2WdX5
W
, Z^
\
1lX51\d
l *6I` FaQ 7 9 E
Wd
U/b
W +
8^d(|W8k}w
9 +
+ 1LPced -cJ
a|^/{%^!^+ka%9a}^}}f^d^}S^AW}d+
|%fx x8|P'8!xgf ` FaQ
l
^d|d98%+
(^SaZ!9 d%+(Wd'^a}9S
aa2^@jid}}
+A''^d^++
ja"dW
ih
U
[m
jlkk-f
n PP
h(W|#%,9,,,\a^,+AW, ` | {WdaW|-W|'WdA%aAA9Kac^
8
` 9d. ]^ ^>|d ^k
WZ
W
|'Wa+|!98|985`8",daW|d%
yd }W d * !a o
* ^dfyd >a} d8 Wd A% a%%
V opqrf
"!
"!$#%&(' #)(!*+,
% Z w jik^9ts }Bd^|d8i^X|8^L,,,\}%|
%|v
uiW,aW}d2
M
dd Aa6| 8A , 9 }d
s I w C;Uff-?
%+
9m^d^d^+++
|j|,d^u^WahWaZ"+++
|Z,^^
5k
|Z
a^{
wh
%| , + +
2%} aW+ >O+
f^Wa
x,%W}d8a8%daW}a,/+,,
^ %d^ V /$=q ,y |opqo
X `
dW,25
aa+9a
+++
|D}#d2d^
^%^"ji,AO| wu%9W+^d#9aW},|+lw $vq{z<puJQ
}3al,a3+^+d$4s|
| u~@} p uQQ8\),>)%9W+ k9^,Wj%,|ak9^
uQvq{<z puJQTW|4}.!}6W\^
(dyw^d},^d3a!afA6a(
Aa.a*kB
+
WdXA#'99Wd(a}WW, M ^dd,aw+^
W+a}lZ,29S%|%^}d9a}dO"W+W%Wd |W%
a^d
A A9d %^<!9 M |} \ > w} d3|}|d
U
W}%d
+ n ,cKJ
M
W +
A|9a,,
9a }d
;5L?
WXh+
(^<!9Wk} }
| u},>k9^+d,a,}'d>a|9W+!9Wk
u^} w,
%
aZ
^a% ,\
n oQq vZu
q } ^,W!
^}}W+ ,a k+ yw8}|.A3!AWd2!9WW Wd^ VLl^ ,
a
+yw !|^adK
V d3Qlaa ^%+ ,a X6 \ d} _d A%+ %%kZ
9( W,
d^#
%W| ^
} a.%a% d 8i ^dh
a d^dy} 2 }Dd} aw+ {|
. dfa^
!
AA 2^
^a% +
a!92'+ %+ d%
^d> ^
{
a ,} d`j
A
hAW}}
|^fWa+++
uW\2a|^{u WB%,,8|{j{af|w-|BS}
ohqC;UeeT?
8i,}A5-8\,>(W+9a,k9^+WW2aak9^"uQvPqzOuQQ
UW 1VV
+ P-cQ
"! U
%| |,
W ,
a%ZWa
l q + ^a,hW}d+,,
^
aZWa ^d
Wa
l ev[rr , d^a, h3%,r W| j9
|,
a%
l
+d^ +|
^ a |
P Ocvwt m Q rOuJQ
My,Lf ` Fa^r%W|^ } k9^}%dA2|%|A,c
(|+++
| (|
W|^v8
J 9a|!o|W,r%|w +A|A89 = ^}(aji^%
V>; y eofr-?
OO
1
OO
OO
^Q@
Vo=r>;B; y e
Vo/{>;B; y
bX
wu,uwq/q*v m Q rOuJQ
My,L(^AW^k^9|kW|^ |Wd+#!9dqK(9aW}A^y
a.
W|^
Vo/rrC;De/5b1@?
k9^^
|a9_^ W e/5b `8A|W+
|^+_Z8^
|#%a^d8qy}
^f%|
} aja+ 9k ^+ + ^f^
a+%jiW,aW}d
y "
y =vq
y =v s
y [q
;>=-=@?
;>=-=@?
;>=-=@?
;>=-=@?
OO31
y d
s 4 S!
"!
"!$#%&(' #)(!*+,
+ywA29,y'aA
|8^X^O|
L W
W| } \aWa ^d a_%d , {%
'} A|
ZW,
5|2^% >S|
%|uAdaM|!9|8Wa^d8|}}LLZd^a%+ |W|L8ila,d,gf
rQrQ|B o8
{ T x-d
a} w> K} 6}d+ d ( J2^a2
|!96Kh
JvuQvPqW, d}9W2ah^Ak9^}%|
%|
v W 2^8i ^d
qS 3^A ^^.
OO
dGAdd(Y@YeTYcbYh-
1
ol^ \
y ;^rd1^@6+(Y%h7J?
4X4 1llQ9dy1^ do
OO
ol^\
\5
;^rd1^@6+(Y,P7Q?
"D
; (?
OO
G1 dAd5QoldQJYk\*D
O O
O O
1 \$1 51l 4d fBg\o!1
O O\1,v"r
51,4d<Aod J
v"rC; y ?
OO
O O
O O
O O
O O
O O
O O
d
4d^GdS1
q
= >; v/w>;
q>
; Y,
q
d >;Dh
r
f >;D=
"r>;D=
q>;
B; /\{>;
U
WP
M
M
1 * 1,
0 y
0 y
0 y yV
1l 1
0 y yV
1l 1
1 *d1,
d
!^u.W,
\lZ, 3^%| lk
u4k+
a} !^uWa l#+^)d^^
+^,,W^
k9^+ +d39|8W|lMy,f^W+9aZ^f%|
f^a%,\
XqC;
! H X?
WoaZ,4k,\Wd^DWa
h 04 }#AZ,^6lwj^2Waa!93,
}d#d>!
9WdqX
"k^9,.,W
%|l^kd>w3%9W+
.^AW}d+
^a3|f+
dhd,Wd{aj%9W3,
g VB1V
"!"!
`2
^++a%dj^_}.'!9|%++a({+WW|l{w,f|#dA'^Q%d,
M Wa
la,(9aZ%ddA},qk+XBW+^V%^d9W
,h 2
D;UHlL^@?
OO
OO
<1 9!y1 04
OO
OO
4X\
\ l\ vI!\1CAd 1 4d1\l
0
OO 4dylOO
!\1BA
;
Kq6
lw7D
O 1
46q
l7Q?
D;
lC5
g !\1BAL?
OO
OO
1 d 4! ^\lld\^
6!\1BAZ7 0
O5
O l q6
l~
7 l51
3d1 l^4 !\1 y
OO
OO
1 +Q^ 0 4d 5l1 l A =T,Y w 0
OO
\-a
6 V 9 Tr6 w7 E
7
0
OO
*dA d \^
0 QJ
Q
Y l51, 4! GA d
0
0
O
O ^9d^X, d 1 \1 1 B1 1
OO
X+!^
d5l
1 d\ C
;
L/6 \
-a6
V q6
777 O l y q6 \ l7Q?
OO
OO
^Q@
|d,a}d 04
2
U[m
X^rd1^P
^d
1 WdWd!%9Wd 04
^\
;wkTKk@
% W.d+}|#4kBd2{%^d,a%dda}dji,+,Zad+
a
a^9d^ %|Z^aWoaW,,W '^!9!^,a`8
^Sa +
"!
"!$#%&(' #)(!*+,
Pdda^d3~+ aw ` zT{j|oQ(^]Z^d,|yd}Wq+d%d^MWal^
%}W|^ `,%8i,>%B%+|a#+^d}W|!9^,d,+_Z{^m|3Wa}
^d9|
516Vw7
Q6Vw7
^16%V7
T6Vw7
X
$=@6V7
V 6Vw7
-6%V7
5l
1 -6Vw7
1X5l1 -6%V7
9Q6Vw7
l
k,,|W+
k, ,|W+
k, ,|W+
k, ,|W+
k, ,|W+
k, ,|W+
k, ,|W+
k, ,|W+ (!a+a89\ja^,Wd^!A
k, ,|W+ (PA d d2aa
W+ }
a+
k, ,|W+
n "W~ PK
U
516 Izi/__ 7
QV } %,aad|Z^}|}{}_dc
l
L6 Iiz /__ 7
QV } %,aad|%d ^
^^<adW}k^9,
l
U
16 Izi/__ 7
x,Wad)8q +W^!^2Wa,dAWWda,U
SQ9aW+}d^}^}|'ad,
|
u^IA d +
^ w> |
W} d^k 9
3
^%| )^8%} W| ,dji>
% } !^Wa l2%
d^8^}W%+ ^ % d
LZ
!5k
d>j^}
\ 4^k 9 M `j
l 0
^l
r 1 6 ZaB8{ 7
l ^r^!1^6 {TuT 7
l
^ ^! ^
g VB1V
"!
r 1 6 {TuT{xr} 7
^ ^! ^
w(&?w
%++^d%,aad8yk+| }a^,%|
g[
A%,Wad8yk,,|}}W^,%a
a
[w
W>x(a.!!^ ,,,\}j|W+d}c}d^%9W|!9"T
l 0 A o T6 | 7
l 0 Ao T6 |z 7
x, Wad
^ 04 }a|,,,\a<qQ^^a}!^
%++^dad,
z DA*k,}+
aZ
Wa +,,
|%}}W^+%a3|!9k9^ 9|A%|(W"}}W^,%a,
U
+ QJ n -
WW+2^!^>lW}%W,\a}(}a,%aa^d4ka%}}|^Waa^da
9!} } ^ <
Q p u%! ^W, a a + W} Aa,
%5k
h^ ^d%5^k d u
A |
K+
W
M)5k
'm, d+ !~
` % 2d9K
!5k
0 d1 4V
-6 7
< %a|9dAA +l}a,|WW+2+^|d>|f}awa,^ W
a
aa
,
S %W#aa`8^ q-
d^}>a,Za%ALA^Qu dLk~`
} d
da ^(^++ ah^(W> a| A %W%, 2+ d9| ^dW aA d|.PA ABz z}
+
d^a) } #d^+ a#a!^<P
M j
A *k,} (
^d9|#
d d,W M 4
V 1 -687 w+ }
} +^Z
9, |!^3WW, ||
, W%+ f, d^|
w 7
0 d1 4V
-6 1 P
}mdd,W^,,|u^>a9%W+M,d^| 9d'%i,yd ^,+d+^|
P
w
98li a, d, W%, 3^d%, Wa d^^,,'%%+,d^|}o
^2^A
^" da
|!9P
w 9df (KZ, k^! ^%+ ^fW d
W+
Aau,dd a,
3|2
M+l |d
` }da *kB 2
a8
L8!. +
6^}d 9a} (
l V
1T6 fD Y` 7
x,Wad
hW%,S%k+AfM3!^L+++
|
q!auWW,@O^d
a!^f a
, >+ , ,
|2W} } W ^+ %a ` } ` B A *k,} + ^d = ^|A } W
"!"
"!$#%&(' #)(!*+,
l 0 0 6 f 7
+,|S^_}dOa}WW+ #%"ZLW+^\<,dji^ Ww+` ^yWaAd
8
> |%
W| ^AA cM W,Wa+ck9^+W|2^m36,++
8%|wQa.Pa
+ +
u^V|{
,
Wa u^ 04 d } M|y|{ a
!A ^Vah
W| ^da ^d|
%+
+^d, + +
^O|
W| } ||
*| { f{!A ^O|
W| ^da
"} d
2WW+ f 9cw"} a
9 04 o j f9W} } + a!5kZ
d
} '^ !
+X^+
} +^cwZ
#u
+ + +
2Wa ^f^O|
,%,
|^
} c} ^Wa
^% ^(9k ^+ j} +^W
|
W| l8W} \WA W a+ /%d A8^}
aZ
X *k^ -u9| 0 h^d(+4k+
a} !^O%| l8WZ
^++ |d ~`
0 6 f 7
'Ta*kB +|/}4kAW^ 0 0 -687 q w+d*kB}}+
a}^O|j|d9,a%w+$k
ji + a!9|} 4kA W3
aa^da {,%a,9da/W,Wd>|%3kB}+
|
d
yw< ^!a^%+ Z|6
W%, Ah|!o
|u+^yd9a}9Q8A3^d#^y4ka%
W|
^da |} +
W} ^Z| 9W (
l
"jid9%d+k+}39aW+a}(
u , f |
0 WJ Q[ W +
U*)
W2W{^aSd,WdT}
a++|%ddAA+AWk+,aa^d%k9^+
6 f Y Ql x*z 8R Q|B 7
x,Wad
haAa,#+^\^~fmfW6W,%+> >~fM^d^wL!9aW+,/
|h^ 04 o
aa d9+ 9k ^ ^a %} LWaAd^ 0 ald+
%aa
%,
Q
9aW+ , ka % 9f(
-M, d >f"} 8AA W+ } c} d%^%d%aqSa^a}!^
A
d +
Ql x*z 8R Q|B %+ %+
{9d,A |
%+ d%
^<aA a} d %ka %+ (
l
A
6 f 7
x, Wady%ka%+Q9aW+,(+
j^vfmZad,
dB+d^!5k|/w+
WW,}
d
%
l
!^
g VB1V
K n Zc JC-"c
U/.
*kB,6|%d,Wda!92^} /
dW.!,
|Zd
_Z89dk9^^}aa,\a
M
"!
Wa
dd, a ,
l 1dQQ687
x, Wa daByZ^Sad+
a2d^a%+a3|WW,
8d,a}(
l 1l4d
!Q687
x, Wa d|k9^f^{a a5Ad+
5 1l4d
T6W=7 }a!9f^{aW%+
d
,a} ( l1 d T6 7 } ak9^%^|.Paad,
5.q/}3^%aZ|k^%
A
d +
|a!92%+ ( |W
K -l n Zc J
U*Y
M |W%+
|>(^ \2a} jWdX82da%d+%^d,qad,
|_^|
AWIa+'9d9W|%!9^uaa%.!*`8M d dK8k a*kB
6%}!
^w9k W d ,
J687
u
|da{dyw9<,'^j{Ad+
| +\Wd#a!^{^DaaW
.!
^|.PA AM 9k ^} ^}ul2W oa
a!^6
l
4A687
2^f%|j^<AWWd}d#ak9^,^O|+^%%^djad+
a B4A-6W=7
}a2
!^8
^X|2
aW} Ld. 8
^d 4A-6 7 | .PA A6W W,
2a , \^p>9\`j
!
_PJ" ,J
U/b
W W#d,Wd8|!9a*kB/}a%9W{a#lZc^9{dW,.|j|yk9^*`
WW,
+
a,
|^Ok9%]M hd( WW,
|}%+*k^}AW8lw+^L
+d
} %A2d^83^fWW}`j
,
^Va {
6 { 7
%,aada%^ `>{%W,\a}(d^dyk9^^<lw
l
^Q51,T6 { 7
l
4X51,-6 { 7
l
\Q
\Q
"#
"!$#%&(' #)(!*+,
T6 { 7
40 -6 { 7
\l
R 03
U/
vQq5qlA{ 2
l 0 ^Q6 x p{ a 7
x^6!|^aA6A xp{a d
a}w,d,q^
.!M}-+d,d
aW,(vx aAd
#aW} d#} aj^}^Va!a^,Wa%^^d,d}d3Wad9a}d,}>D{u^
d+ \W%+ `j
,
51 -6 Iiz /__ 7
MW> a+a%9aW+ja^O|ZAd+
|ZIziz6|
Q
I/__ 7
l 0 Q*1l-6 x |{ a
MW>a+a%9aW+ja^Izi
\
z xp{|a/
vQq5qlA{ 2
l ^H 151d6 x{|a 7
l ^H 151d6 x |{ aDx}{A^"T{ax 7
y.a
Aha ^|} hd da} W+ ^d{a#ji^dhAxp{|a %\}
} \a#|+
d^ Ww+ }` ^%, Wa d9W| %} |j^+ + +
+ ^(|+( <
d, 9
!. a d ,a} W aA d|9k ^ P 4X 51
,
a, } SdA '^}}^
#%, M^!a ^,WA d +
#} W+ A!^^ a!^+ |d 9d
5
} + a`8
f|
W+ ,da |
|+ %+ !| 9a8
d| ^aa {W
+ aw
9\
!|
^aA } j|
AWW} dx } a{ ^"T{ax8
n vQoA 2
6 ^T T^o__ 7
l 0 \l6 x {|aT^T^o__ 7
,,dd" 9^M|/W+ ,a ST^ T^ a l /8jAZ,9S^% }ay.Pa
Ad
+
} j \o ^ %d ^|k9^%,aa,A 0 d1L687 ` |!9Aa%^
%+ d^, l 9a
+ a} !9a} j^O|
%} a
l 0
\l
g VB1V
l< l
ll-6 T^ 7
0 \ll
^}K,.{}A|W+^@%^Ad}{dda^k}
l 0 ^687
l 0 ^6 x{|a 7
x ^%|
jilW,+Aa^ x{|a ^ olQ51 \~ d} `3^d3%,Wad}5x aAd
4 51, + dB ^ !.
2 omBuOuQPuO pvpuJp l
l 0 d16 - 8'iU=TgQl 7
< w+dSa.!uaw+.P+
a!9a -8'D@_9#|%+,W3AZ,.P+
#|
aW}d=Tgl
Q ^d%,aadu.!2
aLk9^8%}|d2M!^AW}da 0 Q51l ^Z,`8
TglQ 2addw#^%@ B @ B a@ B %@ i B @ B Pa@ r B W#ayd^W+%
%%+^a.PauW
#
|A,%P`8% 0 d16WeP7
%%,|}
l l 0 687
x, Wa dcx p|{ a Z, + } d Xd9a3
|('W+ X| c.!}k}JZ|
%9a} ^}},
a+ (, |"d. ,%+ f
|Z
W%+
8a l, aaA } !9W+
^6 x |{ a 7
u}W,8xp{|a
^fydAwZyk^9%,aa,
(^A+^a 0 d1 `8
l 00 X*6 x |{ a 7
MW> a+ 9\W, !o#|x |{ a/
l 0
2 omBuOuQPuO pvpuJpoml
l d16 z8QU=TgQl 7
< w+d23w+8|#|Zal+Az8Q}(a%+a^^pW+^}d3W>a}d`6AZ,.+
=TglQ ^c%,aad8.d
ak9^%}|d{!^a%d| 0 51lw z8@Q
}@8i,+a,aW+9aau|aal,a^+^/w^
#,
^ $ ^ `<+^%%^d#a%d
TgQlAdd }Z>
@ B
%} W da3|z8
Q^d@% B W+ ^A az8Q^|
d ^W+ 8W%W+ P`8
^6 x |{ a 7
u}W, xp{a^}ydw{k9^ W,Wa+
%^a9!^ d1687 `8}
+^,%+
|: 93AWW+ ^ ^d(u} a|"%+^aA+aaji>^ % d1 ^ `%`8
"!$#%&(' #)(!*+,
CPuOpo<qpuQ m qB)
W a
% yk9%lZ,3^%^d9Wk^[ <
WW,adf+}W,}a,
aW+ja8+ij%^!^%+,W
, dd }d# dd A
a%^^A3^a+
Tx_<=TgQl 7
-6 x p{ a
'OW>a^dxp{|a | l9Wkaa,
Tx69d=TgQl83TgQl>t
}+9a} } 393Tx6+^WW+)A|w+}d}d^|jAa%^TgQl6t
, loa ^c} {9Tx < ^%W, a ^a
W%+
l9W t
TgQlt ,
}+9a} oKT
x V+ ^W%+ (a |", d9<a
Aa% ^
l 0
^\
J6 xp{a 7
x,Wada
%W+
8XW,2^O|Za%^ A >|w+}d
l 0
l
*1 T6 x{|a 7
uTk9^+
| 0 ^\-6 xp{a Y%=@Y,7
l 0 $6 xp{a gfor x 7
,}dg9f xxp{|a/Q{|aydA wZ,+(}d
_s(qr% +6{ 2
> 7
l 0 ^\,
J6 x p|{ a
x^d|
lW+Za xp{|a }yAZw+,"d5q^
\\W+
%yW+
^ a h d,W dW,Wa^Waf}a.3d%_,,,\9
\a
< |A } W"} %, Wa da^k 9/ To_B|B
7
l 0 \l\,
J6 x p|{ a
MW>a+u
\a|xp{|a^+++
}|%|kQp{|aydAZw++
| h9dZyd ZZ
^%| ^<d W} ^k 9,
y{.?
+.
@687
x ,{W a d2|ZWW,
hu^D+} %
a" ^ dd5`%+,dd8WK,OqZ
C
|
9
}
l
l
+!
1 L
687
^ ! A
U
! qw Xr14
1 L6 7
l VQ6 7
W+ M |W+!oa%^d %,Waak9^'|a'A+}Ma!94k+>5?-6
,4k+
W VQ6W=7 +d9a+uWd,+A2^dj^
^ak^9 doa+ }% aW
} cji,} |
^}}d#a"+dWaAd =
l !doL6 x 7
ui,+a,Zaa,S,%%^dx yd"ZjAWW}d u}ad
a}
|3,'^
!9+d,
a, ^d~|, U%, Wad%|ji,}9Wd^aA+}8}G4k+ |
,%%^d-, !
ooL6%e7
16 x 7
x,Wa dadyw^O!|^aAaAWWx^ ^,W!^}}%#Ald
l
l
l
ld
y 687 `j
y @6 7
x,Wada%%3^c^a
"wdWdTka+a}dcd^^W+ zW`8q
(AWW(aWaA+k9^/}{|+d^ak^6aAWW ^|3W|}dTd9
,d
a,`8q
}89!QW|^%++aa"WaA+k9^"a%^<|"%++a
}
\a,(q(
}Z^)%|S^p}aZ+4k+
a}!^ 04 ` |%,aa, k9^}
ad_Z8^+++
|q
d^2aw P 4X51 |WaA+k^9" = ^
++ |"WaA+k9^}
^a
1\
L6 x 7
aa%,a6|h+^\W+
|6^x^}'!^ZaWKw8ZaW}d`m^6dyw6^dWaAd
>|Q^k 9
q(Dx dB+
d^mo
^@w+ } } a38+ > a} > 9WS d W} L9k ^ a Dd da}
} X
} a9cWa
, a|9
l
7
T6 3
u4kAaOa@k9^S^ j ^D!
9WdqX
d_Z
|aW}dd%da 51l 0 6WeP7
A'oL}%a{
AWW} d 3p-3add,
}d
9a}dqX}
ma%9MAWWW9
@ 7 B z8
l 0
\
7
l 5 1l\ lT6 | 3
u4kAa|_k9^9 j ^h}
a+
|j%Aa%ddW}d'| Q51l 0 6%eP7 A'o}
a
Aa% d 3
p
-3
Add},
}9c}\W+a%9a%dW^@ 7 B z8
"!$#%&(' #)(!*+,
PQ
Q - J
U")[m
MZa*kBZ3W89
,dA|^
k9^+9+,a%daadfd^Zk9%d+
l
44
C 4
5\
l 1d^ \
^ ,W+Z|^^`
CB CqC 4
4
C
l 9 1
C \
\
/\
^|^,f9|"+|a, `
l 1 451,
",%k^9
h^S9a ,
l d\
Aa% dh!^6O|dau%dX^#L%KWd^ W^ @A%d B @A| B `8
~
U")
cvcL%c + L1
$687
W+|ZW%+
2dd,W(^ d,ddak9^,^Sad+
afaA|^
awW}
a+
(| l
\ o
u@i,, WW,Wd+89a|k9^+2%W}\W+(
l
l9d
l 51l
1dlJ6 x 8 z "T{ 7
x,Wadmak^9,m^Zk9%T
aa!^Bd^
a}W,M9}\W%+AMWZd^d^|
M }
aA
W au
+ W
W
%W, }(^
d}
a%+ 8a'^
^_, % 2W
a, fW
W%+
^k 9, ^ -6 7 ^d 5l1
d1 lJ+6 7 a{
W%+
8^
5l
1
d1 lJ6W=7 a{
^ d
A
1 \V H ol
-a
q4a + V q V P
j 52{S
5
< ^
"!
Gtk.
|d^
d N_Q n ~ Q,
U*.[m
: 2d $ lw3WdX|a%d,WWj#,4k,\Wkh^++aadkB!9Od9,8
+
|_^p}d+daa|9Z!9|9%d+a`8uq jid9%d ! d}d8W|^%++a |+
1 A*k,}+^W9%}W*`^,+A8aadywq^ a^d,K.P+}(
^} W ||
W df
^.P, d |f
aa ^f
|^d+ '+^3w
9+,a%+ |Ad
d%d
dr %| q d#W| ^%+ ,a ! l^ | } V9+, a|| aa^%
h}<9Ma#+yw8!^+9dk+^8h!Q~W|^/W,+Ad%#Wd%W+|
"+ df^O|} 2^dw+ d+iZ
d 9a
W^O|W|^
f^AW}, 04
q a d {|!^ |
o
>5md
R \1 y l^<dG= o!1lQ
y
51X9\
1A\3dAdydGAdd =y 1X;DfT?
OO y 131 Udd~4!GAd f
y ^D; 0 A T6+TY=7Q? OO y 1S1 d4dUAod
y 1X;DfT?
OO y 1
^A14d51
OO
O O
\l
"!
k$kT%
a
5
w ,jAdAW^d a}d
} }3+} + }j^<a + ^
8i^d,
^d
"!$#%&(' #)(!*+,
U"Y[m
%J
1687 ^d
^687 a *kB k W A9\W ^8i,} > aka% a a l+ A
} d1 jl?@ B adW, l }|a!%+
al,a^ \ }|}^%*`j
d
M}3al,a-4k+#a
'^m+^Zd%+%^^aT.!>a
a!%+
A
+ a
M^+ W} Aa,
k|
} a l, aa> | l T, a
%
x _ZTa 'a
|Z
dW, \2A + A l L
W} } M + !^ a u%\ 2% ^f} Z, +
x+ + ywD |!o
%^
Za | ^L^ W ^ V\^6+7 } y Jd %+ / M ^daKjdi 9%d+ a`
dd^d)9\\a d
WW,
AW dd
a} a, d*k% ^SkA \| d59k } d '
a ^ olQ51
,
Wu
a a ^D} ^OWL+ dB ^ !. m l51 d
a} | M A% <!^O^},
687
&
!
}
U"Y
n %c ('-
WW+^d{|_.Pa.k#W|^+}. 1X
$H B d9%, ,a,h|^%}Wd
w a%d^ 9 ^d}adl#aW,Wd>|yd%dkw'|ajdjd%}d}^aWd
|l Vl9 ^$3P%!|o($o z}ud9u|_Z{,d%+>|'a Q$o z|!o+^,6}a
, W
d^8|
|^h
^|{
l(W8 %
d}^aW d|lQ (( Q *
) Q /W 9d
a
^ A|^d!a j+ k+ (|
,%%^dj {
a , \ g Q^ lQ*1 ~`
}{a
a +
OO
O O
O O
O O
O O
O O
X\
\9Ql\
!5 d
dolQ
51
4A
\
0 1X324Q51687 9
C
; $=-=\Bgd@?OO\
Q\>;$=5Z
0 51; h==T? O~
O 5X1 +
0 r^!1
0 QVC; $==B==@?O~
O !QV +
0 r^!1
: d \!<;>=@?
V>5
; d16*XV\ 9BQXZYGX X7Q?
E
Q
Q
0 1XIQ B\^l
6/^9B7 9
9 ^Y 0 ^Yfd^LY1V-YJY 0 Y 0 ?
0
; Q=COJ6
M y /6 Q9,77Q?
^C
;
V 1 T/6 ^9J
Y 0 d1
V /6 l y @6/^Q^B777J?
0 d^ ; 0 0 -a6 ^w7J?
d>
;
qV - VT +
1,V>;l y 6rd^w7Ob-?
0 Q5l1 -6%V-Y3X$[[1QX7Q?
0 -6G; =@
? AG1,V-
? II 7 9
0
;
M 0 ?
0 66 0 E ; 0 51Z/
7 .0. 6 0 4 ; 0 !V77
0 Q5l1 -6%V-Y 0 Y]X X(
Y d|-YSX$[B[$1QX7Q?
E
E
0 1XGF1,Hl^@687 9
II4: l!J?
Q B^
\ l
6HlLql^P7Q?
0 6 : \!Dh~
7 ^
1K?
0 \ ^6%V7Q?OB
O
1 d 0 1 0 ^^^
V -6W=7J?
OA
O 9 \14VQ 1 K
E
U"Y
WP QP (K
+,<^yAW^^ddWd^>^}%^
D
%^
M ^dd+9a}d ` k+|%+
%}|aKM}^m ^AW|!9u^}dZaadl( < a89|6!9d ld%8W
Pjid
q
WhW2u#A%a6|d9waa{|92W}%d^}d9a}(O.PAA^d%+Zl(
OO
O O = d\,=== o!1lQ5d-^ 0
O O9 y^ 1Odd\
OO
0 X1 l\lr6AZ7 9
9l Q
Y J?
G; =@?
0 -6 G; =@
? l y @6Aw7Q? II 7
G
; I
A |-?
^\
1 J?
E
0 1X324Q51687 9
9l Q?
ACy
; 1 L6$===7J?
0 -6 G; =@?=@? I I 7
X+!
"
"!$#%&(' #)(!*+,
r6AZ7Q?
l\l
V -6W=7Q?
Q
W
"d%+k,,|8wa9a}d
Z ,+df
OO
O O == dl^,$=== oQ1lQ <=-f4b
O O +Q 9 l ef \
^ 1!4O!\
O O
0 1X l\lr6AZ7 9
^\
1
L/6 AM
AZ7Q?
E
^
\
0 1X324Q51687 9
9l Q?
ACy
; 1 L6$===7J?
0 -6 G; =@?==@? I I 7
l\lr
6 AZ7Q?
Q
V -6W=7Q?
E
|ZWd/}a%9W}faji^%+2a ak+|%,cka%^821r
h
a}, ^AW
V - VBT +
Z
W+
W+
W+
W+
W+
W+
W+
adA
adA
adA
adA
W+
W+
W+
W+
W+
W+
W+
W+
adA
adA
W+
W+
W+
W+
adA
adA
adA
adA
adA
adA
adA
adA
adA
adA
adA
adA
adA
l
m 4365u$ n 6 n vQ9ABrm\o
!^
,
d ^|
^d
W|^,
a|
9
W+d#dyw}aj
W|
^
a|
9
W+ d#
d yw
} a %,
!
a ^jAA Z
+
X}
d yw
+
t'S+
W+ _d Z
d yw
+d
a|
9
d yw t'3, dW, yd
aW}
a|
9{
lZ +
a!. 9W j,
4l
k
B
yZ
^k 5 Wd + jaa ^,
dd
B
yZ
^
WS %d % + (aa ^,
d
%
!9/d
% A ,a} ^ u
`
a+ /^ `
%,
^d{
a aA
|W, A d
,
8k
A+
a
aA
, |^ W> ak*`
+
!9a
+ 9k 9W f9%+ k2
a
A+
!9a
+ 9k 9W f9Aa
A+
9W
, |9aa
^,
9W
, |9W, k8
a d
a+^,
a9{
^|
WkB} d C,
aW+
a+^,
7a9{
^|
8li \ , \WW+
i
+la !9W
8 aA Z
A
7 aA Z
+la !9W
i
8 a ,A d9a
aA
Z
+la !9W
^
,d
>
+la
(T } a+l
W8kB d \ +
WW,
Lk,
K+
9|W} d/k+ }}
ALk+
W
dd{
d
a}
oaA
d
d
{
a
oW+ k2
A d
a9
aA
A|9a} +%W, ,a}
9
a
f9W ,W%+ ,W
|9
|^|^A|9a} ^dd,
^
^#W
^ `
^
^#W t
-^ `
,
A
+
W, +A d3W ^ `
y
a
y
a{
W : 9l
y
a
y
a{
W : 9B, d
*#
lZ
ddAfad
ddAfad
adA
adA
adA
adA
adA
adA
adA
adA
adA
adA
adA
adA
adA
adA
adA
adA
adA
adA
adA
adA
adA
adA
adA
adA
adA
adA
adA
adA
adA
adA
adA
!
o
!
o
!
o
!
o
!
o
!
o
adA
AdA
2W|
98%|
!
"!$#%&(' #)(!*+,
m ;3<5u$ n 6 n voBrm\9
!^
+d ^a
^d
dyw^
|^d+jaW|^
|9%d
W%9
k ^ j a q W, +d
}
} lZ
^J.P+ }c} dAWWd +
a2,
^
Aa%d
+
} j+d^
}
Aa%d
+
A }' > a ^X
+W
+WW,
9W+ ^ d4u
` ^ , `
A
AL,
%+ ,9A|A
AL,
%+ ,9+
A,
AL,
+ d^a (%
Al
AL,
lw
,
^
AL,
W| ^Z
+ d9|f9A|A } f
A|
AL,
W | ^Z
+ d9|f9+ j
9l
9Z
= } = , = ^|
d
. }
^ ^!
. }W
W+ d} Jd W,
!
. }
^ ^!
. }W
a}w
d!
. >
d^ad
. }a
WB+ d} d W,
!
.
d^ad
. }a
a}Z
},
%+ ,} d %+
d,
} j
%d dc> Jd W,
,
2Aw
d+
} j
2Aw
+
+
!9|%+ ,a ,
!
!j^O+
d
d
^
d^ 5 \ d2
,l ,`
} B
a
ah
^
W+
W,
+^< a
a _!
^
a} !
^W l^
^ ` Z^ ` ^a5^ `
a
aa
^{
L}
a} d3 ^,a
a
a
A
d (d yw
^a }AXA^
a
^
A
d (d yw
^Oa| 9
^ W 4`
a
^
A
d (d yw
^<^a| 9^ % `
9d
^^ B
yZ
^
a d 2a dw+ P`
9a|
5k
*kA
aa 5k+ V|^Z
+l
|9%d{
ad^} d dB W A} {!9|
.PA A2|^d{
l dB W A} {!9|
|9%d{
ad^} dw, L, W| ^+
.PA Aaa ^
}+9a}
dX
,
9ak
^<L d %+
+W, a
dA^
d
W, } a l^^a ^d
A^ d3 ^|
%W
%W%
W+ + a+ (aa ^,
8li W|
C
!9aW} ,
d
W|
^
>
aa
^
a^d,
@BA
SRUT
xZZ-Viv]k
R
u- V qs^]Vk y
r sry{
R
9
e2e e
e -bxKT { e aaaFf*x8|x8
M<[kuq
o^ik[o
R
{q1
OQP
C
CD@FEHGJILKNM
T T x e |x8=TTWf
ukn^W8k,
{
j&-oiX(VXY6uWMokmL{8|z8|~}w e xT T }b|z x8'Ji{VxzoX
R2
{
Z
- Vk[kSX(2 e {j=TgQf a/|z x8,<
M [kuq
qS R
y %kuXq?*
x VqvW|VZ[X{(Vkn{o%nv|\xh^[Xv|\%8Y[xSX^W[oX-Vkk[Vva{ |VknknqkViqB[X{k[Vq%SY
^ivWWZ"va%S^wX3
Z*J ok"v uYnv]o e |x8/|zyb"T =WT {]a8}ZXf Zx nYSk
BC
R2
\-Vx4VXXu~xuv]\os Ymp oZS{o xzvW[X{^qXv]\uvW[Z^W[^]xzo{]Vxz^ e T }ZX*f x8|z]a
ZT,a {jaW
x"b{, *T zg
9
C
R2
\-VxhVX(v
SX|VkSY>*x { VY oXva]VX^impo]xz^gVXY(^]kVX0vg^vVZ 0^ e T }ZX*f x8|z]aZT,a {ja
x"bp{, *T zg 9
R
{
kVWov8za*|B$b ey a{:bD
x|-b e {j|/T {j- kVZ ~LSknk
C
_
j o%W[{ {< qX
1 v|\xSV^WWSxSXvom"osYq~VYn^]w]^%[oXW$
e T }Z1t e xg
9
j
-{ r`o%[XLVXY
@VBnv5j-b{TgQaPz"b|/Tb"T e T }ZXf*x8|z]aQ}w{T }Px e z"bp|BjZ{|V~
n k[k
T
q
'q W r`{qoZ \i vwq ]Z\\ox[{]VvanoXVXY[X]^WnoXmpoixykV^( e T }ZXf$x8|z x 9
jZ
u~{ [ X{ M Z- V]Y"va0q VXY>KW'T%S^]^ ax"bp|z a `e x|af e { e Q e Q|ajZ{|V~
n k[k C,
{R
-s
RUT
qPZ\^VX
Y /j k[k oxh
vVWv [oXom^qsX0v]\uvW[Zg^W[^ixho{|Vxz^F~v|\v|\WSZuvWnB nvwq
x"v|\{os Y;V XYZSoxz-V%[^ioXh~v|\;o^WVvanoX^l e T }ZXf*x8|z]a1W(Tfa-x"b{] T*z C9
C
VSYV { M{V -VvW[oXx[{|VvW[oX~nv]\v|\\-V^Wjw^i\nmcvxuv]\osY(H e T }ZXf$x8|z x
4 0 9 C
R
VSY-V {V XY{' J{-Vio$jcn{|VvW[oXom^%n^]x[ZY-VvVhL{*T z ee Q |BxT b e K
C 9 B
R2
vM "
SV{ ,a e {j|z]a |P|cb|a ` aFa e }w{T e _x| T { Q |a{IfQ | e { e -b|a e] aab|/Tx8
T' WSXvW[Zjl
Vk[k C
R
{- jZ"
ukmVXYVXY>
1u P\[knoZl e e {ia| e Q Ba z"b|/T xSf4RT F,a e 8lZVYSx[Z'T%S^]^
R
{
&y
oknY^ivW[X@ax x8|z]a e zi aP|z x8@tYY[^]oX,*
M S^ikuq ,
R
Z
"
] Vqu
{z
ZSXv$va]VSkva[x;ZSVk[ZkVvW[oX^Umpoy]Z\\oxn{|Vva[oX( e T }ZX$f x8|z x
9
R
{
C
J Z- &t VV^%*VXYw,k[knVX( e aaaF$f x8|x8BVX3*J o^ivW|VXY6x [X\ok[Y C
R2
w
SxzoX(ZTu -VvW[oX^BY(oXYKuvDxzoYSku^F e T }ZX$f x8|z]a0L{i*T x} e z"bp|B C 9
C
R
j
{ Z S^ivWSXu^oT wa ab e Q |{ e z"bp|/T e b_ZTgQ x"|T }b|/| abp|/T PTW[X{-ikV{ K- ]k[X
,
R
{
-ryVZ 0^ioX(@ax x8|z]a e z"b{TgQf a/|z x8,<
M [kuq C
S R
{
o\X(a{"bp|a]Q | e { e -b|a e] a abp|/T x8%[X{d-]k[V{
K
R
{
ryZoXS^ziTa x"bp|z2aRQ e e z"bp{T za* e b|z
a ` e x8 t< mpoiY3* Xni^WnvwqS-' %S^i^
SR
4
w- V
R
RUT
R
x
VX{VXs XQ]Z\VXYPx" v|kWJ|VZ[X{|Vqs^ v]\]o {\4\u{va]o{SXuo^xSY[V VX
VZSZ|Vva}VXYz
ZSXvl]osZuY%} e TZXf"d" 9
R}
w
x jcnv]Z\SknkoT tRa bdab/T as e b_ZTgQc}a:baZQ e e -ba e] aab/T81M<nk"q
R
{
rC
' jjo]^%2VXY3
ZP S^i\sVZ\( e b_ZTgQ T b e T e bd]aZXf "d8jZ{
|V~ [knkd
R
T
x ry&x [Z\v]x2{q tVXY ZM jov|oX(g e e e e b_ZTgQ T }c-cba ` aFa e T e 28
wXvai^]ZSXZ ,C
R
u *x o[X^ioXl{ ZgrW]VXtVXYT 5/
M TZ\XnY wX0vWS{{ ]Vkmpo]xyk[VvanoXomgx[{]VvanoX[Xvw~oVXYv]\W;Y[xSX^W[oX^
e T ZXf "d" 91C C
R
0
ryJsxv|\(sa { e :d]aB{T Fa b/T T a"baoQ e e -ba e] a ab/T Sf -cb e Q e e e
< mpoiY C
e bZTgQ 8 t
R}
w
soxhxmSknY(yFbd8 ZVYSx[Z T' Wu^]^u
R
w
,sv|oBVXYS"
x XK- k]^iZ\(F"-biTgQ-a "b/T b"
T Zsa e :d]aaaFf "[8JW[X{-ikV{
R
{
rysvWWnw e "ba e T 8a"d]a~Q e e -ba e T e bf YY[^ioX,/M u^]k"q
R}
8
{
FV]VXv|ok[V" ` e | e T e < e T f u kn^W",u&
J u~ o]
,C
R
C
' uxhx Zuoxz-VWn^]oX
om ZSoxz{xhoX,w{x [YonX0vS-^WnX{kjw^i\ovVXYk[VXj~VYSv|\
xn{|Vva[oX(t e T ZXf "d"
9 rC
R
Zs%nvWSkJ
' Z
v|o~g^iB V XY{ ryr
M V{X D' k[VX8d~VyYSZuoxho^%nvanoXzomW^W[^ixho{|Vxz^
e T ZXf "d" C rC 9
R
B
nY-Vk; VXY {
l o^iv|oX(;*x V[YLZSVk[ZkVva[oXoml^W[^]x[Z;VxhknvWYu^ e T ZXf "d"
9 rsC
R
R
J
M { Vv|^ioX(Nb e ab[ e T b_ e b e T f3T e e sa "b/T 8 VxW[Y{* Xni^Wnvwq
'TWS^i^S
Yn^]w]^%[oX%SkVva[oXk[Vv]vW[ZZC
Yn^]w
]%^ [oXZSoXWv [X x(
Yn^]w
]%^ [oXoXV$k[Vv]Wv [Z
V^io][X{$oXY-ViqZuoXYva[oX^S
Vk V%^ [X{ C
-Ku^]^WukWmXZuvW[oX^S
-Ku^]^WukFmXZuvano X^uV^qsxhv]ovanZ}Vio n x4V
va[oX
n{SXmWuXZuqk[Vv]vW[Z
n {S Xm XZuvW[ oX^S-kVv]van Z
n oXVk - VvW[ oX&CqC&C
- Vva[ oX^gomBxzovW[ oX\[ {\m%uXZuq
- Vva[ oX^gomBxzovW[ oX kn X V%[ S Y
%] ou -Y[ ^iZ%u van VvW[ oX C
%] ou -{k[o-Vki o XY[ X{ C
%] ou -k[osZVkva% XZVva[ oX C
%] ou v|ov|Vkd C
uT kW[ VXZSoso] Yn X-VvW S ^S
uVXS ^]ZS Xvt~Vu ^S C
-Ku^]^WukWmXZuvW[oX^S-]o^u
oXY-Vi1q` VkD]okuxh^u~VL-VvW[oX
- %[k[knonX4SoX
K
1
VZ\q(iokux
ZSoxhxzoXx[Yo[Xv{Vv|\S
ZSoxhxzoXo W^ "vl{Vv|\ S
ZSoxhxzo
X WuZ n l{Vv|\ S
ZSoxhxzoX^]o ]Z U{Vv|\ S
Pix4VvS^W[XZ[k
Yuv|\(xn{|Vva[oX
Yn^]w
]%^ [o
X %SkVav [oXV ]o [ xhVva
XvaYWSXZx"v|\osY^u
C
XvaY Z%SXZx"v|\osY^uSkV^ivanZ(~Vu^S
XvaDY WuXZ D^iZ\ S
x S^u r"mpo iv]\wo ]Y S
Xav DY WuXZ D^iZ\ S
x S^u ruW^ SZuoXYo ]Y S
mpoknY
-o %%^ %S^u
-o %%^ %S^u-ZSoX ]{ SXZ
-o %J |VX^impo ixh^u
-o % -Ku^]%^ Skav ]VX^ mpo ]x(
m|VZuav noX-VkZVknZ k ^S q
+
mknknq[xzknZnvxuv|\oY
{kno-VZ
k ]o XY [X
{ W]o S C
{oknY SX
x VX q
uk[xz\okv|BVvanoX-1 :
q{SX^lW[XZ[k
q{SX^uW[XZ [k
[xzk[Zv XnvWyYZ%SXZ}xuv]\osY^S
[XZWu xu XvVkZuoX^vanvWva"WukVvW[oX
[XZWu xu XvVk S k[Y^S 0
[X\oxzo{S XS o ^~Vu ^S C
V ^g\uoWux C
kSV^iv*VZuvanoXWnXZnk
kSV^ivvW[x`%[XZ[k
S{uXY%}vW|VX^mpo]xhVvW[o X
k[osZVkva%XZSVvanoXWioS C
x[{]VvanoXsZSoxzxhoX^]oiZ
x[{ ]Vav noXsZST oxzxhoXw^io 1 ]Z
x[{ ]Vav noX ]Z\\o B q
x[{ ]Vav noXs\-V%^ "w^i\ nmcvS
q
x[{ ]Vav noXs\-V%^ "w^i\ nmcv*V k[{o %nv]\x
x[{ ]Vav noXskVX `~V
JxhVXX(]okSx(
J"~v|oX^*x"v|\osY
J"~v|oX^*^WuZSoXYkqV ~
Xoix4VkxhoSovS
J*Bq n^iv*m WuXZuq
\qsY]o\oXu^S
*!
'~VS^u
|VYVvW[oXZuoXYvanoXPsoxh xmSknY
x*VYoXva] VX^impo] xhVvan oX
|Vq- V vW[ oXo XY-V qVk4
] okSxz^S
|Vq-VvanoX i^iv*oiY^q^vaux
|Vq- Vvan oXPnXnvWVkVky]okSxz^S
|Vq- Vvan oX^u
|Vq<B Vvan oX^S V] Z"ku X{v|\-V] Vxu vaWnV
va[ oX
|VqV| Vxu vW u
|Vq;v]\S oi qRC
]oo^Wuv*Y-VvV RC
Vxzk[X{\So%Sx(
^]ZSVkV
~V- Vva[ oX
^]\oovW[X{
x uv]\osY^S
^]\ov WSZuo ]Y(
x [{ ]V av noX
^]k[VXvi^ivVZ
X uk[k^k[V~
oxz
x im uk[
Y nX0Wv S{ ]Vkd
oxz
x im uk[
Y ]VY Vav [oX;ZSoXYnvW[oX
^]Vav [VkZSoX0ok av [oX C
^]\ %[ZVk~V u^S
qq
^iv|Vav noX-V q;\VW^
x uv|\oY
^iWv Wu^]^gav SX^]o uVvlV$xhVWv W[Vk o nX0vS
^iWv Wu^]^gav SX^]o uP
[k [ %x(
^iWv Wu^]^gav SX^]o uP
[XZ WS
x SXv|Vkd
^Wi "q(W^ [XB nX{
vVwxuv|\oY
va%[Y [V{oXVkxhVvWW ,[{SXVku^S
B[]Vv|o]^S
~V-VvanoX:
~V -Vav noXP
ukV^av [Z