[Nrotrpj Evpootxj Aoyotr_vio: Aoyotr_vtxo Eij xot Mopr]

Tcvtkc kut Tpnut Ipuq, "Hupoiu"

Etrrto: Aopo Bopro
- 1. R. P. Falk-Frances Teague, "Parody", oto: Alex Preminger & T. V. F. Brogan (rx.), The New Princeton
Encyclopedia of Poetry and Poetics, Princeton, Princeton University Press, 1993, oo. 881-883. [Mrtopooj yto
tov H/K Aujvo Bopoiov]
Kcicvu
HAPHAIA
. Optoo
. Kptttxo jtjoto
. Iotopio
OPI2MO2. H opoio tritot tj oxryj xot to vo ov toxpivrt rvo oyotr_vtxo xrirvo, rvo ovyyporo
j to opoooj _optv xotxov ootrrooto. Mrptxoi xptttxoi toxpivovv tjv xptttxj (oottptxj) oo tjv
xotxj opoio, rvo oot pottovv vo tovv yto tjv opoio o xvpiop_j xotxj opj xot yto to
pastiche o rvtrprvovoo, to ooopj opj. Mr oo oyto, otov j ijoj rvo rpyov ootrri
ovtooxoo, totr to ootrroo rivot pastiche otov j ijoj oorrt otj toxoojoj tov oov
rpyov, to ootrroo rivot opoio. Hoportyo pastiche ootrri o oyo tov juootov yto tov Hvppo
otov Au.st, oyo ov tritot to vo xot to uro tov rpyov A|oo, poo/.|ooo tp; Ko,poovo; (Dido,
Queen of Carthage) tov Marlowe (2.1), rv poopirtot, ootooo, vo xovrt to xotvo vo _ooyroort.
2otjptxj opoio rivot j ijoj tov rvvtottxov (euphuistic) vov tov John Lyly oo tov 4ooto otj
oxjvj tj torpvo otov E/:o A (Henry 4):
Harry, I do not only marvel where thou spendest thy time, but also how thou art accompanied. for though the
camomile, the more it is trodden on the faster it grows, yet youth, the more it is wasted the sooner it wears.
[Xoppv, oopo o_t ovo r tov tpoo ov orvrt tov xotpo oov, opo xot r tt oprr ov xovrt:
ytoti, oyxoo to _oojt ooo to tooooto tooo ovoivrt, oo j vtotj ooo tj ootoo tooo
uriprtot.
Mrtopooj: Booij Poto]
O oyo ovto tritot xouopo to oooooo tov Lyly:
Though the camomile the more it is trodden and pressed down, the more it spreadeth, yet the violet the oftener it is
handled and touched the sooner it withereth and decayeth (Euphues, 1578).
[Mopri to _oojt ooo to tooooto xot to ovvuirt tooo vo roovrtot oo j torto ooo to
ov_vo tjv oyyiovv _rpto tooo to ypjyopo opoivrtot xot ruoivrt.]
Avtiurto oo tov Lyly ov jutxooyri, o 4ooto rivot uovooto rtpovtxo otjv ovoxptoj tov ototov
Hpiyxto tj Ovoio. Fror, ytoti j ijoj rivot tooo oxptj xot, oto otoo tov 4ooto, tooo
ovopootj.
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Mopovr vo toxpivovr to pastiche oo tjv opoio r xpttjpto to oxoo j toxptoj opoio xot
burlesque rivot to voxoj. H ovvjuj toxptoj rivot j ruoo: j opoio rttoxrt tj ovovio otj
ijoj, to burlesque tjv oovovio. Etot, to burlesque opri vo tritot rvo riojo vo xot vo to
_pjotootri o opro rvo _voiov j xotvotoov rptr_orvov. H opoio oo tjv oj rpto tritot
tooo to vo ooo xot to uro, ootr j tooxrooj tov ovoyvootj vo poxvtrt oo to yryovo ott
ovoyvopirt ooo toto oxoovuri j opoio to uro. Oo ovvoyirt to jtjo o Dwight Macdonald, "Av
to burlesque _vvrt vro xpooi roo or oto ooxto, j opoio tto_vrt vro xpooi ov otort r to oto,
r_rt oo to ropto yrvoj uovotov" (559).
KPITIKA ZHTHMATA. Mrptxoi xptttxoi uropjoov tjv opoio to ojovttxj oyotr_vtxj opj oo to
burlesque, opoootoxo, ootooo, j opoio uropovvtov o rio j voxotjyopio tov burlesque. H
opoio, ott xovtrpr tj ottyr, r_rt vo xovrt r rxrtvorvr tr_vtxr vov, rvo to burlesque rivot
ov_vo rvuvo _voio. Avopottrtot xovri ov tjv potj tjv pottovv ot vrpotxo ooopoi xptttxoi. H
opoio rivot rxvottxj o_t ovo yto oyov yovotov, oo rioj ytoti rivot rptoootrpo rvtorpovoo
oo tjv ooyj tov poxjorov ov opovotort, tj voj tj o "rtovuoooio" (Rose), j ooio
ryriprt rpotjoto o_rttxo r uropjttxo jtjoto oo j totxooio tj ypoj, o poo tov ovoyvootj,
o poo tov ovyyporo xot to xotvovtxo rptr_orvo tov xrtrvov (187). Kouo j rttv_io tj opoio
rv roptotot ovo oo tjv xotovojoj tov xrtrvov oo tov ovoyvootj, oo xot oo tjv ovoyvoptoj
tov xrtrvov-jyj oto ooio rxrivj ooirtot xot tj xotxj rtooj j ovttotpoj rxrivov tov
otttotxov otov ov rvvop_ovv oto xrirvo-jyj, j ovoyvoottxj poj rivot rpioxj. Kot votxo j
ito j opoio ooxoutoto rx vrov tjv jyj tjv ito ottyj ov tjv ovotprrt.
H voj tj opoio roxoovuri vo ootrri uro po ovjtjoj. Ao tj to rvpo, uropritot o to
ttoitrpo ovtoovooptxj opj ov ovortxvvrt tjv xrtrvtxotjto. O Macdonald ryxotort tjv opoio
o "rvo totoujttxo rio oyotr_vtxj xptttxj, to ovvoyj ovtov ov ot 'ooopoi' xptttxoi oriovv vo
ypoovv rxtrvo. Hpoxrttot yto 'voxptttxj ruoov' (Method Acting), oov rvo rtv_jrvo jtovpyo
opoio orirt vo toort r tj ovtooio tov tov opoovrvo. Hpoxrttot yto jiujitsu ov
rxrtorvrtot tjv opj tov ovttoov, poxrtrvov ovto vo jttjuri, ov xot 'ovtioo' xot 'jtto' rv
rivot ot oootr rrt ro. Ot rptoootrpr opoir r_ovv ypotri oov oo uovooo opo oo
rptpovjoj" (xiii). H urttxj ooyj tov, ootooo, yto tj opj rv rivot xouotxj, oxoj xot ovoroo o'
ovtov ov oooovovv tjv opoio: o Brett portootri ott "otr r uo prrt vo r_vo xovri tjv
roptjrvj voj tj opoio. Hpoxrttot yto opootttxj tr_vj xot, opoo ov toxoori rr_ovto
rpyo, _opi ovto r uo vjp_r" (25). O rvo ouo, j ovtipooj ov poxori to opoio roptotot oo
tj yvoj tov xptttxov yto to rpyo ov ovtj tritot. Mopri, rioj, vo roptotot oo tj otooj tov
xptttxov orvovtt otjv tpr_ovoo trooyio, xouo j opoio rivot, _opi otoio, ovotprttxj opj.
H Freund opirt tjv opoio o rvo "oyotr_vtxo opyovo trooytxj xptttxj. H opoio xotootprrt
xotrotjrvr trooyir, oo rivot j jpotxj j j ootottxj, ovojtovto o' ovtr ovtoottxr, rxttxo
xot otxo otourpr xotooxrvr xot xotroiovto ovtr tt or oi r tt trooyir ov
pooovv" (13).
Av tjv rvvojoovr rtot, j opoio rivot otourpo ovotprttxj, oxoj xt otov rivot jto. Iop_rt, ootooo,
xot j trpj opoio: ovtj oipvrt xootxo uroto, oo o rpoto, xot to rtoopovrt or urtxov
oxoov. Tooo j rvoootooj tov vo ojptxov rov oo to Btpyito ooo xot j ovototxoootottxj
poxttxj ootrovv opr vyjj opoio, rvo o Milton _pjotootri ovtturort xot ovyxpiort
"oojovtov poyotov r oovoio" yto ooopov oxoov.
I2TOPIA. H opoio ojotvr op_txo to "oporiv", r oo oyto tjv xotxj ijoj rvo ooopov
otjoto. O Aptototrj (Ho|pt|:p 1448o12) ovoyrt tjv porrvoj tj otov Hyrovo tj Oooov (5o
otovo .X.), o ooio _pjotootovor to rtxo vo, poxrtrvov vo opootjort tov ovupoov o_t
ovotrpov o' o,tt rivot otjv xoujrptvj tov oj, oo xototrpov. O Aujvoto (15.699o) jovrt ott o
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Hyrov jtov o poto ov rtojyoyr tt opoir oto urotpo, oov oo opourtrt to oyto tov
Horovo, ott j opoio rtvojujxr oo tov totxo otjtj Iovoxto (6o otovo .X.), o ooio
vjpr o ito uvo xoptxotovpo oto _rpto yvtov xot oypoov ooovtot iyot oti_ot oo to xotxo
tov ro yto rvov oiopyo. Hov poyrvrotrpo oo ovto to oporiyoto opoio jtov o yvooto
otov Ap_io_o yrvo-ojptxo Moy/tp;, ov ojyovvtov or rortpov ovortyrvov r totxov
oti_ov tjv totopio rvo jiutov. E_ovr oxoj tj Boto,out|ouo,/o, ov opori tov Ojpo.
O ryovtrpo, oo, jtovpyo opoio otjv op_ototjto jtov o Aptotoovj, j tr_vj tov ooiov, uo
opovoor vo ovr, rtoor oto ooxopvoo tj r tov Boto,ot;, oov opori to vo tov
Ato_vov xot tov Evptij. Ootooo, xour xoott tov Aptotoovj rptr_rt rvo i_vo opoio. 2tjv
votrpj xooio ovto to otot_rio ovpptxvovrtot. O Hotov tritot to vo opxrtov roypoov r
tooxroottxo ootrrooto: oto 2tuoo|o (194c-197e) ort oto otoo tov Ayouovo rvo oyo oto vo
tov Fopyio. O Aovxtovo r_rt opxrto otot_rio opoio xot burlesque: yto oportyo, otov rtxooto
Atooyo, H :/o|; tot Ho|oo;, to xotxo ootrroo rttvy_ovrtot oo to yryovo ott ot urtxoi
_opoxtjpr tovv otj yoooo tj xoujrptvj oj.
To pootxo _tovop trurtr rvo to_vpo otot_rio opoio: to oyyrio voxov xot ot opootoort ov
tuovo rtxoviovv prrt vo rxovov oioujoj otov Pooiov. 2tj ottvtxj xooio pioxovr
rptotootoxo burlesque tpoytxov _opoxtjpo, oo xot otov pooyov tov rpyov Au|tov (
Amphitryon) xot To o:o|v/ (Rudens), otj oxjvj tpro oto Menaechmi xot otjv xotxotpoytxj rxpjj tov
Pardalisca (Casina, 621 .) - ooooooto to ooio, ooto xt ov jtov to pototvo, _pootovv to
ootrroo tov otj yoooo xot to rtpo. Mto to rtj rtpovrio tooivrtot otj oxottxj oovtjoj tov
2vpov oto ooopo oyto tov Ajro (Aos.o/ [Adelphoe], 420 .). O Aovxito opori trtotr
vooytxr tr_vtxr tov Pooiov tpoyoov, oo ot oovvjutotr rrt xot to rpirpyo ovvurto tov
Hoxovtov. To trtopto oijo tov Kotovov oporitot rj po rj oto Catalepton 10. O Hrpoto
_rvort tovrvo to vo tov Hoxovtov xot oov otjtov. O Hrtpovto o ivrt rvo oxpv oijo
or rortpo yto tov Evto Horo, tjoto tov ooiov opovv vo uropjuovv xoptxotovpo tov
Aovxtovov.
Koto tt trrvtoir rpr tj ovtoxpotopio, o Pooio io opoovor to tvtxo tj _ptottovtxj
rxxjoio. Koto tov votrpo rooiovo, opoir tj rxxjotoottxj rttovpyio, yvootov vvov, oxoj
xot tj Biov jtov rotprttxo jotri. Ot ovyypori tj Avoyrvvjoj, otov rv rrxovtov otjv
ortxj tj Mrtoppvutoj, pottovoov vo opoovv tov xootxov j "yotutxo" otvorvo oo to
rootovtxo tottxo vutotopjo j o o_ooottxtoo ro ovrptoovovtot to Morgante Maggiore tov
Pulci xot o Aov K|,otp; tov Cervantes (opoio tottxov vutotopjoto) j Circe tov Giambattista Gelli,
La Secchia Rapita tov Tassoni xot Virgile Travesti tov Scarron (opoio tov xootxov) xot, tro, to
Mo/o; sy:ou|ov tov Epooov xot o Foyovtoo; :o| Hovtoy:ts. tov Rabelais (opoio
o_ooottxtoov). A' oov ovtov tov ovyypori, o Rabelais rivot o to otxovrvtxo, o to ovoto
xot o to voxoo vo totvojuri.
H opoio uroourtjujxr xoto to 17o otovo. H vopj oxojtov xot ovyxrxptrvov oyotr_vtxov
xtvjotov, ttoitrpo otjv Itoio, tj Foio xot tjv Ayyio, rvuoppvvov ovjtjort, ott ooir j opoio
_pjotootovvtov o oo tj oottpo. Ao to rpyo Ragguagli di Parnassa tov Boccalini pojur rvo
ooxjpo yrvo, ov _pjotootovor tjv opoio o roo yto tjv ooxjoj xptttxj or ovy_povov
ovyypori.
H oyytxj opoio tov votrpov Mrooiovo _pjotootritot or xvxov rpyov, oov toxooritot
ovoyvo to oxjvj tj xoujrptvj oj (._. to rrtooto tov Mac oto The Second Shepherds Play). O
Sir Thopas tov Chaucer opori to ryortor vo tov rootovtxov tottxov vutotopjoto. O
Shakespeare toxoojor r tov tpoo tov burlesque tt itr tov tt poovttxr rpottxr totopir r tt
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rustic amours, xot o John Marston r tj ortpo tov rypoyr to tpo_to, _tovoptottxj ooijoj (travesty) tov
Aoo/tp :o| Aoov|;. Mto oo tt to yvootr opoir tov 17ov otovo jtov to rpyo The Rehearsal (1671)
tov Aovxo tov Moxtvy_o, to ooio rotprr to rj tov xvpio oto The Conquest of Granada tov Dryden
xot oto ryortor vo tov jpotxov pooto. 2to 1701 o John Phillips (The Splendid Shilling)
_pjotooijor to ooopo, ovootoxotojxto oti_o tov Milton, yto vo rptypoyrt ootrio rptotottxo.
Apyotrpo, roo otov ito otovo, to rpyo The Critic tov Sheridan ovoioor tj poottxj opoio.
Aotrovto roiproj oto yrvtxo xovovo ott j opoio oovto rt rptoootrpo oo to xrirvo j tjv
opoooj ov opori, to rpyo The Rehearsal xot The Critic ovoiooov otov rtxooto otovo.
O _pvoo otovo tj opoio otjv oyytxj oijoj ovvrror r tjv ovoo tov poovttxov xot
vrpottxov xtvjoto. Ot Canning, Ellis xot John Hookham Frere opjyoyov to ortpo oo opoir oto
Anti-Jacobin Journal (1790-1810). Eo j yotxj rovootottxj ovourto tov Southey xot Wordsworth yto
tov oxovtotr o_otptov xot tov xovprjr jttovov rooov opxrtr oopr yto ot_r xoto tov
Ioxoivov. To rpyo tov Blake Vision of Judgement xot tov Shelley Peter Bell opoovoov ooio tov
Southey, tov Wordsworth xot tj "rtovotxj" oijoj ("elemental" poetry). O James Hogg oto 1816 tjujxr
tov rptoootrpov Ayyov poovttxov xot oto 1812 ot James xot Horace Smith rrooov tt Rejected
Addresses, opoojo otjv oyytxj oijoj, oov opoovvtov rtotr_vtxo, o_t oo xpovyoro, to vo
tov Scott, Wordsworth, Byron, Coleridge, Samuel Johnson xot oov. 2tov votrpo 19o otovo to ovooto xot
ot titot roxoovuovv vo ooootoovtot. Ot Tennyson, Browning, Longfellow, Poe, Swinburne xot
Whitman yivovtot ot xvptot oto_ot tr_vttov tj opoio oo ot J. K. Stephen, C. S. Calverly, J. C. Squire,
Lewis Carroll, Swinburne (o ooio o_t ovo rypoyr to The Higher Pantheism in a Nutshell r tov tpoo tov
Tennyson, oo xot "ovtoopojujxr" oto Nephelidia) xot Andrew Lang. O xovtrpo o' oov jtov o
Max Beerbohm. 2tjv Arptxj r_optoov ptv oo to 1900 to ovooto tov Phoebe Cary, Bret Harte, Mark
Twain, Bayard Taylor, H. C. Bunner xot J. K. Bangs. 2tov rtxooto otovo to The New Yorker ovvr_tor tjv
opoooj ov ri_ov ryxotvtoort tov pojyovrvo otovo to Punch xot Vanity Fair. Koto tj rxortio tov
1920 j opoio pjxr tjv rxpooj tj oto torporvto toovtov_ov tr_vttov oo ot Corey Ford, Louis
Untermeyer, Frank Sullivan, Donald Odgen Stewart, Wolcott Gibbs, James Thurber, Robert Benchley xot E. B.
White. Ao totr j opoio r_rt rptoptotri, ovvr_irt, ootooo, vo vop_rt oto rpyo ovyyporov oo ot
Kenneth Tynan, Tom Stoppard, Veronica Jeng xot Frederick Crews. Iotrpo oo 25 otovr oivrtot oiuovj j
opoxj tj opoio o xotxj xot xptttxj opj. H vopj oo, yto oportyo, tj trpj
opoio xot tov ootottxov tj ovooyov uo prrt vo o vrvuvirt ott j tooxrooj rv rivot o
ovotxo oxoo tj opoio. H ooopotjto tov oto_ov tj opoio rivot ootxj or rpyo oo o
Ootooso; tov Joyce. Etrov, j ovotj tov trpov xot tov xootxov (j xot rpottxov) otot_riov otjv tvtxj
oijoj xovrt tjv opoio vo rivot o_rov o_optotj oo tjv to ooopj, j opotoxj oyotr_vio.
[2jrtovrtot ott oporirtot j ttoypoio]
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