Industrial Application: Water Softening

Involves the removal of hardness ions, Ca & Mg (multivalent ions) NF has higher flux ratio compared to RO - fewer membrane elements are required - operates at lower pump pressure - lower operating cost

Source: Nanofiltration, Peter S. Cartwright, P.E., CWS-VI, November 2003

Application: Organic Solvent Nanofiltration

An alternative to distillation for solvent recovery in pharmaceutical field Able to recover organic solvent with a purity suitable for re-use in subsequent active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) crystallisation Lower energy consumption Hybrid
Source: Organic solvent nanofiltration: a potential alternative to distillation forsolvent recovery from crystallisation mother liquors, Elin M. Rundquist, Christopher J. Pink and Andrew G. Livingston, Green Chem., 2012,14, 2197-2205