Tramadol Classification: analgesics (centrally-acting) Drug Action: Binds to mu-opioid receptors.

Inhibits reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine in the CNS Indication/s: moderate to severe pain Contraindication/s: hypersensitivity Adverse Reaction/s: CNS: seizures, dizziness, headache, anxiety, CNS stimulation, confusion, coordination disturbance, euphoria, malaise, nervousness, sleep disorder; CV: vasodilation; GI: constipation, nausea, abdominal pain, diarrhea Nursing Responsibilities: 1) Prolonged use may lead to physical and psychological dependence and tolerance. 2) Should be discontinued gradually after long term use. 3) May be administered without regard to meals. 4) May cause occasional drowsiness or dizziness. Caution patient to avoid activities requiring alertness. 5) Encourage patient to turn, cough and breathe deeply every 2 hr. 6) Use cautiously in: Geriatric patients, patients with a history of

epilepsy or risk factors for seizures, increased intracranial pressure or head trauma, renal impairment, hepatic impairment