PHE-01

ELEMENTARY MECHANICS

2 Credits

Kinematics of Motion: Displacement, Velocity and Acceleration; Uniform Circular Motion, Relative Motion. Dynamics of Motion: Force, e!ton"s #a!s of Motion, Applications of e!ton"s #a!s; $%uili&rium of Forces; #inear Momentum, Conservation of #inear Momentum; 'mpulse; Motion !it( Varia&le Mass, Roc)et Motion; *or) and $ner+y: *or) done &y a Constant Force, and a Varia&le Force; Kinetic $ner+y and *or),$ner+y -(eorem, .otential $ner+y and Conservative Forces, .rinciple of Conservation of $ner+y, $ner+y Dia+rams; $lastic and 'nelastic Collisions; .o!er; An+ular Motion: Kinematics of An+ular Motion: An+ular Displacement, An+ular Velocity and An+ular Acceleration, Use of .lane .olar Coordinates for descri&in+ Circular Motion and /eneral An+ular Motion, Relations &et!een #inear and An+ular Kinematical Varia⩽ Dynamics of An+ular Motion; -or%ue, Kinetic $ner+y of Rotation; An+ular Momentum, Conservation of An+ular Momentum and its Applications; /ravitation: #a! of /ravitation; Moon"s Rotation a&out t(e $art(; .rinciple of 0uperposition; /ravitational Field and .otential 'ntensity, /ravitational .otential $ner+y due to 0p(erical 0(ell and 0olid 0p(ere; /ravity and its Variation, Velocity of $scape; Fundamental Forces in ature. Many .article 0ystems; Central Conservative Forces: .roperties of Motion under Central Conservative Forces; 'nverse 0%uare Central Conservative Forces; Motion of -!o,1ody 0ystems, $%uation of Motion in Centre,of,mass and Relative Coordinates, #inear and An+ular Momentum and Kinetic $ner+y; Dynamics of Many,.article 0ystems: #inear Momentum, An+ular Momentum and Kinetic $ner+y of an N,particle 0ystem; 0catterin+: 0catterin+ Cross, 0ections: Differential Cross,0ection, -otal Cross,0ection, #a&oratory and Centre,of,Mass Frames of Reference, Relations &et!een An+les and 0catterin+ Cross,0ections in t(e #a&oratory and Centre,of,Mass Frames of Reference; 'mpact .arameter, $lastic 0catterin+ of -!o 2ard 0p(eres, Rut(erford 0catterin+; Ri+id 1ody Dynamics; -ranslational, Rotational and /eneral Motion of a Ri+id 1ody; Moment of 'nertia, Determination of Moment of 'nertia of a Ri+id 1ody; Rotational Dynamics of a Ri+id 1ody, Rotational Analo+ue of e!ton"s 0econd #a!, *or) and $ner+y in Rotational Motion, Conservation of An+ular Momentum and its Applications, .recession; on,'nertial Frames of Reference: Motion 3&served from a on, 'nertial Frame, e!ton"s 0econd #a! and 'nertial Forces, *ei+(tlessness; Rotatin+ Frame of Reference: -ime Derivatives in 'nertial and Rotatin+ Frames, Centrifu+al Force, Coriolis Force; -(e $art( as a Rotatin+ Frame of Reference, Variation of g !it( #atitude, Motion on t(e Rotatin+ $art(, Foucault"s .endulum. Appendi4es on: Conic 0ections; Met(ods of Determination of Moment of 'nertia.

PHE-02

OSCILLATIONS AND WAVES

2 Credits

1asic C(aracteristics of 0imple 2armonic Motion: 3scillations of a 0prin+,Mass 0ystem; Differential $%uation of 02M and its 0olution; .(ase of an 3scillator $4ecutin+ 02M, Velocity and Acceleration; -ransformation of $ner+y in 3scillatin+ 0ystems: Kinetic and .otential $ner+ies; Calculation of Avera+e Values of 5uantities Associated !it( 02M; $4amples of .(ysical 0ystems $4ecutin+ 02M: 0imple .endulum, Compound .endulum, -orsional .endulum, #C Circuit; .rinciple of 0uperposition; 0uperposition of -!o Collinear 2armonic 3scillations of 0ame6Different Fre%uencies; 3scillations in -!o Dimensions; 0uperposition of -!o Mutually .erpendicular 2armonic 3scillations of t(e 0ame6Different Fre%uencies; #issa7ous Fi+ures. Damped and Forced 3scillations: Differential $%uation of a Damped 3scillator and its 0olutions, 2eavy Dampin+, Critical Dampin+, *ea) Dampin+; C(aracterisin+ *ea) Dampin+: #o+arit(mic Decrement; Rela4ation -ime, 5uality Factor; $4amples of a *ea)ly Damped 0ystem 8#CR circuit9; Differential $%uation of an Undamped 3scillator and its 0olution; Differential $%uation of a *ea)ly Damped Forced 2armonic 3scillator and its 0olutions, 0teady 0tate 0olution, Resonance, $4amples of Forced Vi&rations and Resonance, .o!er A&sor&ed &y a Forced 3scillator, 5uality Factor; An #CR Circuit. 1asic Concepts of *ave Motion: Formation of a *ave; /rap(ical Representation of *ave Motion, Relation &et!een *ave Velocity, Fre%uency and *avelen+t(; Mat(ematical Description of *ave Motion: .(ase and .(ase Difference, .(ase Velocity, $ner+y -ransported &y .ro+ressive *aves, 'ntensity and t(e 'nverse 0%uare #a!; 3ne,dimensional *ave $%uation: *aves on a 0tretc(ed 0trin+, *aves in a Field, *aves in a Uniform Rod; *aves in -!o and -(ree Dimensions; -(e Doppler $ffect: 0ource in Motion and 3&server 0tationary, 0ource 0tationary and 3&server in Motion, 0ource and 3&server &ot( in Motion; 0(oc) *aves. Reflection and Refraction of *aves: -(e Concept of *avefront and 2uy+ens: Construction; *ave Motion and 'mpedance, 'mpedance 3ffered &y 0trin+s, -ransverse *aves, 'mpedance 3ffered &y /ases, 0ound *aves; Reflection and -ransmission; Amplitude Coefficients: -ransverse *aves, #on+itudinal *aves; Reflection and -ransmission $ner+y Coefficients; .rinciple of 0uperposition of *aves; 0tationary *aves: Velocity of a .article at any .oint in a 0tationary *ave, 2armonics in 0tationary *aves; .roperties of 0tationary *aves; Musical 0ound and oise; *ave /roups and /roup Velocity; 1eats.

BPHL-103

PHYSICS LABORATORY-I

4 Credits

Unit ' Unit '' $4periment ; $4periment < $4periment = $4periment > $4periment ? $4periment A $4periment B $4periment C $4periment D $4periment ;E $4periment ;;

Measurement $rror Analysis Dependence of t(e .eriod of a .endulum on #en+t(, Amplitude and Mass 3scillations of a 0prin+,Mass 0ystem and a -orsional .endulum A 0tudy of $ner+y and Momentum Conservation .rinciples Relation &et!een *avelen+t( and Fre%uency of 0tationary *aves Determination of @oun+:s Modulus of a Material &y 1endin+ of 1eams Measurement of #o! Resistance usin+ Carey Foster:s 1rid+e Variation of -(ermo,$.M.F. !it( -emperature Fre%uency Response of AC 0eries Circui $4periments usin+ 0emiconductor Diodes A 0tudy of -ransistor C(aracteristics Measurements !it( a Cat(ode Ray 3scilloscope

PHE-04

MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN PHYSICS-I

2 Credits

Vector Al+e&ra: Vectors and scalars, Vector Components relative to a Coordinate 0ystem, -ransformation of Coordinate 0ystems and Vector Components, .recise Definition of -(ree, dimensional Vectors; Analytical Approac( to Vector Al+e&ra: Vector Addition and 0u&traction, 0calar and Vector .roducts in Component Form; Multiple .roduct of Vectors, 0calar and Vector -riple .roducts, 5uadruple .roducts of Vectors; .olar and A4ial Vectors. Vector Differential Calculus: Differentiation of Vectors, Vector Functions; Differentiatin+ a Vector !it( respect to a 0calar, Differentiation of 0calar and Vector .roducts and Applications; 0calar Field: Definition, Contour Curves and Contour 0urfaces, /radient, /eometrical interpretation of t(e /radient, Directional Derivative, Vector 3perator ; Vector Field, its Diver+ence and Curl !it( .(ysical Meanin+s, 'dentities involvin+ t(e operator; .roduct Rules in 'nvolvin+ t(e operator and Applications, 0uccessive applications of t(e operator. on,Cartesian Coordinate 0ystems: .lane .olar Coordinates, 0p(erical and Cylindrical .olar Coordinates; $4pressin+ a Vector, Differential $lements of Vector #en+t( and Area and /radient in .olar Coordinates; /eneralised Curvilinear Coordinate 0ystem: 3rt(o+onality Condition, Unit Vectors, Vector Differential 3perators, i.e., /radient, Diver+ence, Curl and < in Different Coordinate 0ystems. Vector 'nte+ration: 'nte+ration of a Vector !it( respect to a 0calar: 'nte+rals involvin+ 0calar and Vector .roducts of Vectors; Multiple 'nte+rals: Dou&le and -riple 'nte+rals; #ine 'nte+ral of a Field: .at( of 'nte+ration, -ypes of #ine 'nte+rals, $valuation of #ine 'nte+rals; 0urface 'nte+ral of a Field: 0urface of 'nte+ration, -ypes of 0urface 'nte+rals; $valuation of 0urface 'nte+rals, Volume 'nte+ral of a Field: -ypes of Volume 'nte+rals, $valuation of Volume 'nte+ral; Vector 'nte+ral -(eorems: /auss" Diver+ence -(eorem, 0to)e"s -(eorem, /reen"s -(eorem 80tatement only and .(ysical Meanin+9, Applications in .(ysics. $lements of .ro&a&ility -(eory: 1asic -erminolo+y, $lementary Com&inatorics, Fundamental -(eorems 8-(eorems of .ro&a&ility, Conditional .ro&a&ility and -otal .ro&a&ility -(eorem, 1ayes" -(eorem9; Random Varia&le; $4pectation and Variance, Covariance and Correlation Coefficient, 1inomial and .oisson Distri&utions, ormal Distri&ution, Continuous .ro&a&ility Distri&utions in .(ysics; Correlation Analysis; Re+ression Analysis: Met(od of #east 0%uares, 0tandard $rror of $stimate; 0tatistical -(eory of $rrors: -ypes of $rrors, $stimation of Random $rrors for a 0in+le Varia&le, Random $rror $stimation for 'ndirect Measurements.

PHE-0

MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN PHYSICS-II

2 Credits

3rdinary Differential $%uations: Classification, /eneral and .articular 0olution, $4istence and Uni%ueness of a .articular 0olution, /eneral .roperties of t(e 0olutions of #inear 3D$s; First 3rder 3rdinary Differential $%uations: $%uations Reduci&le to 0epara&le Form: Met(od of 0eparation of Varia&les, 2omo+eneous First 3rder 3D$s; $4act $%uations, First 3rder #inear Differential $%uations; $%uations Reduci&le to First 3rder; 0econd 3rder 3rdinary Differential $%uations !it( Constant and Varia&le Coefficients: 1asic -erminolo+y; 2omo+enous and 'n(omo+enous #inear $%uations !it( Constant Coefficients, -(e Met(od of Undetermined Multipliers; Met(od of Variation of .arameters, Complementary Functions and .articular 'nte+ral, #inear 'ndependence, *rons)ian, .o!er 0eries 0olution, Fro&enius Met(od; Applications of 3D$s in .(ysics: Mat(ematical Modellin+; First 3rder 3D$s in .(ysics: Applications in e!tonian Mec(anics, 0imple $lectrical Circuits; 0econd 3rder 3D$s in .(ysics: Rotational Mec(anical 0ystems, .lanetary 3r&its; Coupled Differential $%uations: Coupled 3scillators, Coupled $lectrical Circuits, C(ar+ed .article Motion in $lectric and Ma+netic Fields. .artial Differential $%uations: Functions of More t(an 3ne Varia&le; #imits and Continuity, .artial Differentiation, Differentia&ility; Classification of .artial Differential $%uations, /eneral and .articular 0olution; .artial Differential $%uations in .(ysics: Met(od of 0eparation of Varia&les, 0olution of 'nitial and 1oundary Value .ro&lems; Fourier 0eries: -(e eed for Fourier 0eries, Determination of Fourier Coefficients, Use of Fourier 0eries: as an Appro4imation, $ven and 3dd Functions, Fourier 0ine and Cosine 0eries, 2alf, ran+e $4pansions, -(e Conver+ence of Fourier 0eries; Applications of Fourier 0eries to .artial Differential $%uations: Diffusion $%uation: 2eat conduction and Diffusion of .articles; *ave $%uation, -(e .luc)ed 0trin+ .ro&lem, -orsional Vi&rations; #aplace"s $%uation, 0teady 0tate 2eat Flo!, t(e .otential .ro&lem.

PHE-0!

THERMODYNAMICS AND STATISTICAL MECHANICS

4 Credits

-(ermodynamic 0ystems and Classification of t(eir 1oundaries; -(ermodynamic 0tate of a 0ystem and -(ermodynamic Varia&les; -(ermodynamics .rocesses: Reversi&le and 'rreversi&le and 5uasistatic .rocesses, Representation of a -(ermodynamic .rocess, Ferot( #a! of -(ermodynamics, $%uation of 0tate, Deduction from $%uation of 0tate; .rinciple of Measurement of -emperature, .(ysical .roperties and 0cale of -emperature, -ypes of -(ermometers: Constant Volume /as -(ermometer, .latinum Resistance -(ermometer, -(ermistors, -(ermocouples; Radiation .yrometers, -(e 'nternational -emperature 0cale; ature of 2eat and *or), 'nternal and $4ternal *or), *or) done in Different 0ystems, .at( Dependence of *or) and 2eat, 'nternal $ner+y, -(e First #a! of -(ermodynamics, its Differential Form and 0i+nificance; 2eat Capacities of a /as, $%uation of 0tate for Adia&atic .rocesses, -(e Adia&atic #apse Rate: Convective $%uili&rium, Adia&atic and 'sot(ermal $lasticities, -(e $nt(alpy, $nt(alpy and C(emical .rocesses, 0tandard $nt(alpy C(an+es, $nt(alpy of Reaction, 2ess"s #a! 8statement only9. $ntropy; -(e 0econd #a! of -(ermodynamics: $ntropy C(an+e in atural .rocesses, -(e Carnot Cycle: 2eat $n+ines and Refri+erators; -(e -(ermodynamic -emperature 0cale; -(e -(ermodynamic .otential Functions, /eneral Conditions for -(ermodynamic $%uili&rium; Ma4!ell"s Relations in -(ermodynamics, Deductions from Ma4!ell"s $%uations, -d0, $%uations, $ner+y $%uations, 2eat Capacity $%uations; .(ase $%uili&rium, -(e Condition for $%uili&rium &et!een .(ases, First 3rder .(ase -ransitions, 2i+(er 3rder .(ase -ransitions, /i&&s" .(ase Rule; Different Met(ods of Coolin+, Goule,-(omson $ffect, #i%uefaction of /ases, #i%uid 2elium; Coolin+ &y Adia&atic Dema+netiHation; -(e -(ird #a! of -(ermodynamics. Kinetic -(eory of /ases, Kinetic 'nterpretation of -emperature, $lementary Deductions, #a! of $%uipartition, Classical -(eory of 0pecific 2eats; Mean Free .at(, Distri&ution of Free .at(s, $4perimental Determination, Viscosity, -(ermal Conductivity, 0elf Diffusion; Random *al), 1ro!nian Motion, $instein"s -(eory, #an+evin"s -(eory, Avo+adro um&er, $4amples of 1ro!nian Motion; Deviations from .erfect /as 1e(aviour, Re+nault"s, Andre!s"and Ama+at"s $4periments, 3nnes" $%uation of 0tate, Claussius and Van Der *aals $%uation of 0tate, Critical Constants, #a! of Correspondin+ 0tates. .(ase space, Microscopic and Macroscopic 0tates, -(ermodynamic .ro&a&ility, $ntropy, -(ermodynamic .ro&a&ility Relation, Classical Distri&ution Function, .artition Function; .artition Function for a Monatomic /as, #a! of $%ui,partition of $ner+y, Calculation of -(ermodynamic .arameters, 0e)ur,-etrode $%uation, /i&&s .arado4, 2eat Capacity of 2ydro+en, Rotational and Vi&rational .artition Functions; eed for 5uantum 0tatistics, 1ose, $instein Distri&ution Function, .lanc)"s la!, Radiation .ressure, 1ose,$instein Condensation, Fermi,Dirac Distri&ution Function, Fermi $ner+y, 2eat Capacity of Metals.

PHE-0"

ELECTRIC AND MA#NETIC PHENOMENA

4 Credits

$lectric C(ar+e, 5uantiHation and Conservation of $lectric C(ar+e, Coulom&"s #a!, $lectric Field, .rinciple of 0uperposition, $lectric #ines of Force; $lectric Flu4, /auss"s la!, Diver+ence, $lectric Field for 0p(erical, .lane and Cylindrical Distri&ution of C(ar+es, $%uivalence !it( Coulom&"s la!, Differential form of /auss"s #a!; $lectric .otential; #ine 'nte+ral of t(e $lectric Field, .otential Difference and .otential Function, $lectric Field from t(e .otential, $lectric Field and .otential of Dipole and 5uadrupole; .otential for C(ar+e Distri&utions: $%uipotential 0urfaces, .otential due to C(ar+ed *ire and C(ar+ed Disc, $ner+y Associated !it( $lectric Field; Conservative ature of $lectric Force, $lectrical 'ma+es. Dielectric Material in an $lectric Field, .olarisation, /auss"s #a! in Dielectric Medium, Displacement Vector, 1oundary Conditions on D and E$ Capacitors, Dielectric Material &et!een Capacitor .lates, .arallel .late and Cylindrical Capacitors, Capacitors in 0eries and .arallel, Uni%ueness -(eorem; Microscopic .roperties of Dielectrics, Atomic and Molecular .olariHa&ility, Claussius,Mossotti Formula. $lectric Currents: C(ar+e -ransport and Current Density, $%uation of Continuity, Microscopic Vie! of $lectrical Conductivity, 3(m"s #a! , 1rea)do!n of 3(m"s la!; Revie! of Alternatin+ Current; Ma+netic Field: Definition, Diver+ence of Ma+netic Field, Ampere"s #a! and its Applications to 0trai+(t *ire, 0olenoid and -oroid; Force on a C(ar+ed .article Movin+ in $lectric and Ma+netic Fields, *or)in+ .rinciples of an 3scilloscope, Cyclotron and Velocity 0elector; Ma+netic Materials: Response of 0u&stances to Ma+netic Field, Current #oop and Ma+netic Dipoles, Ma+netic Dipole Moment, Ma+netisation Vector, Volume and 0urface Distri&ution of Ma+netiHation, Ampere"s #a! for Ma+netic Materials, Ma+netic 0uscepti&ility and .ermea&ility, 1,2 Curve and 2ysteresis; Ma+netic Circuit, $lectroma+net; $lectric Current in an Atom, $lectron 0pin and Ma+netic Moment, /yroma+netic ratio, Dia, .ara and Ferro Ma+netic Materials; uclear Ma+netism. $lectroma+netic 'nduction: Faraday"s #a!s of $lectroma+netic 'nduction, #enH"s #a!, Motional $.M.F., 0elf and Mutual 'nductance, 0elf 'nductance for 0olenoid, Mutual 'nductance of Coupled 0olenoids, $ner+y 0tored in t(e Ma+netic Field; -ransformer; Ma4!ell"s $%uations and $lectroma+netic *aves: Displacement Current; /eneralisation of Ampere"s #a!; Ma4!ell"s $%uations, .oyntin+"s -(eorem, *ave $%uation, ature and .ropa+ation of .lane $lectroma+netic *aves in Vacuum and Dielectric Media; Reflection and Refraction of .lane $lectroma+netic *aves at a 0urface of a Dielectric 8 ormal 'ncidence9; Radiation from an 3scillatory $lectric Dipole 85ualitative9, Antennas.

PHE-0%&L' $4periment ; $4periment < $4periment = $4periment > $4periment ? $4periment A $4periment B $4periment C $4periment D $4periment ;E $4periment ;; $4periment ;< $4periment ;= $4periment ;>

PHYSICS LABORATORY-II A 0tudy of et!or) -(eorems

4 Credits

Cali&ration of a -(ermistor and Determination of its $ner+y /ap Construction and C(aracterisation of .o!er 0upplies and Filters 0tudy of 3.AM. as 0ummin+ and 'nvertin+ Amplifier 0tudy of 3.AM. as Differentiator and 'nte+rator Detection and Measurement of C(ar+e usin+ an 3.AM. 0tudy of #ens .roperties and 3ptical instruments 0pectral Analysis usin+ a .rism 0pectrometer 'nterference of #i+(t I @oun+:s $4periment 0pectral Analysis usin+ a /ratin+ 0pectrometer .roduction, Detection and Reflection of .olarised #i+(t 0tudy of 'nterference of .olarised #i+(t Measurement of Cp6Cv &y an Acoustic Met(od Measurement and 'nterpretation of Coolin+ Curves,.(ase C(an+es

PHE-0(

OPTICS

4 Credits

$lectroma+netic ature of li+(t, *ave $%uation, -(e .oyntin+ Vector;, Reflection and Refraction of $lectroma+netic !aves, ormal and 3&li%ue 'ncidence, Fresnel:s Relations; 'dealiHation of *aves as #i+(t Rays; Fermat"s .rinciple; 2uman Vision, 'ma+e Formation and .rocessin+; Defects of Vision; Colour Vision; Colour Receptors. .olarisation of #i+(t, .roduction of #inearly .olarised #i+(t, .olariHation &y Reflection, 1re!ster"s An+le; Malus #a!; 1irefrin+ence and .roduction of .olariHed #i+(t, icol .rism, Dic(roism, *ave .lates. .rinciple of 0uperposition of *aves; @oun+"s $4periment, Frin+e *idt(, 'ntensity Distri&ution; 'nterference !it( *(ite #i+(t, Fresnel"s 1iprism and #loyd"s 0in+le Mirror; 'nterference &y Division of Amplitude, .(ase C(an+e on Reflection, 'nterference !it( Multiple Reflection, on,reflectin+ Films and Colour of -(in films; Frin+es of $%ual -(ic)ness and $%ual 'nclination; e!ton"s Rin+s; Mic(elson 'nterferometer: Circular and #ocalised Frin+es; *(ite #i+(t Frin+es; Fa&ry,.erot 'nterferometer. Fresnel"s Diffraction: Fresnel"s construction, Fresnel:s 2alf .eriod Fones, Fone .late; Diffraction .atterns of 0imple 3&stacles; Fraun(ofer:s 0in+le 0lit Diffraction .attern, 'ntensity Distri&ution; Diffraction &y a Circular Aperture and Dou&le 0lit, 'ntensity Distri&ution, .osition of Ma4ima, Missin+ 3rders; Diffraction &y N,.arallel and 'dentical 0lits: .rincipal and 0econdary Ma4ima; Diffraction /ratin+, Formation of 0pectra; Diffraction and 'ma+e Formation, Diffraction limited systems, Resolution, Resolvin+ .o!er of 3ptical 'nstruments; Mic(elson 0tellar 'nterferometer. Co(erence and 3&serva&le 'nterference of *aves, -emporal Co(erence, Co(erence -ime and Co(erence #en+t(, *idt( of a 0pectral #ine, 0patial Co(erence, #ateral Co(erence *idt(, An+ular Diameter of 0tars; Visi&ility of Frin+es. $mission and A&sorption of #i+(t, 0timulated $mission, $instein"s Relations, .opulation 'nversion; 3ptical .umpin+; 'ntensity of #i+(t; Different .umpin+ Mec(anisms; -(ree and Four #evel .umpin+ 0c(emes; Feed&ac) Mec(anism: 3ptical Resonant Cavity, Common #aser 0ystems, 0olid 0tate, #i%uid and 2elium, eon #asers, Applications of #asers in Communication, Medicine, 'ndustry, and .(oto+rap(y. 1asic .rinciple of 2olo+rap(y; Recordin+ of a 2olo+ram, 'n,#ine and 3ff,A4is 2olo+ram, Reconstruction of an 'ma+e; Recordin+ and Reconstruction of 2olo+ram; Applications of 2olo+rap(y: Microscopy, 'nformation 0tora+e, and .attern Reco+nition. 3ptical Fi&re, Core and Claddin+ Materials and -(eir Refractive 'ndices; .ropa+ation of #i+(t -(rou+( 3ptical Fi&re, Critical An+le; 0tep,'nde4 Fi&re, /radient,'nde4 Fi&re, Refractive 'nde4 .rofiles; Applications of 3ptical Fi&res, 3ptical Communication -(rou+( Fi&res, .ulse Dispersion and its Reduction, Material Dispersion, .o!er #oss.

PHE-10

ELECTRICAL CIRC)ITS AND ELECTRONICS

4 Credits

et!or) Analysis: Circuit $lements; Kirc(off"s #a!s, odal $%uations, -,and , et!or)s, et!or) -(eorems: 0uperposition -(eorem, -(evenin -(eorem, orton"s -(eorem, Ma4imum .o!er -ransfer -(eorem; DC and AC Circuits, Attenuators, Filters 82i+( .ass, #o! .ass, 1and .ass9, 0eries and .arallel Resonant Circuits, 'mpedance Matc(in+. Devices and 'nstruments: Vacuum -u&es, 0emiconductor Devices: Diodes 8Detector, Rectifier, Volta+e Reference9; Fener Diodes, -ransistors 8Gunction -ransistor, F$-, M30F$-9; $%uivalent Circuits of -ransistors, 3peratin+ .oint and 1ias 0ta&ility, 0mall 0i+nal #o! Fre%uency Amplifiers 8/ain 1and!idt(9, 'nput,3utput 'mpedances; #ar+e 0i+nal Amplifiers: .o!er Amplifiers, 8Class A, B, C, AB9, .us(,.ull Amplifier, Radio Fre%uency Amplifiers 80in+le,-uned and Dou&le -uned9; Feed&ac), e+ative Feed&ac), its $ffect on Amplifier .erformance; .ositive Feed&ac) and 3scillators, Classification of 3scillators; LC 3scillators: -uned Collector, 2artley and Colpitts 3scillators; RC 3scillators: .(ase,0(ift 3scillator, *ein 1rid+e 3scillator; Unre+ulated .o!er 0upplies, -ransformers, Rectifiers and Filters, Ripple Factor, #oad #ine Re+ulation, Re+ulated .o!er 0upply. 3perational Amplifiers and t(eir C(aracteristics; 3p,Amp as a Comparator; 'nvertin+ and on,'nvertin+ Amplifier; 3p,Amp as an 'nvertin+ Adder, 1asic Differentiator and 'nte+rator; Feed&ac) in 3p,Amp; 'nte+rated Circuits: .o!er Amplifier 'Cs, Volta+e Re+ulator 'Cs. Di+ital $lectronics: 1inary Arit(metic, Decimal, 3ctal and 2e4adecimal um&er 0ystems and 'nterconversions, 1CD and A0C'' Codes, 1oolean Al+e&ra, #o+ic /ates, Adder Flip Flops 8R0, D, GK9; Counters, Re+isters, 0emiconductin+ Memories 8RAM, R3M9, A6D and D6A Converters 8only Functional Description9; Cat(ode Ray 3scilloscope, 0i+nal /enerators, $lectronic Voltmeter, .o!er Meter, Ma+netic Field Meter.

PHE-11

MODERN PHYSICS

4 Credits

0pecial -(eory of Relativity, Discovery of Constancy of 0peed of #i+(t, .ostulates of 0pecial -(eory of Relativity, #orentH -ransformation, #en+t( Contraction, -ime Dilation, $4amples, #orentH 'nvariance; Velocity Addition -(eorem, Doppler $ffect, Variation of Mass !it( Velocity, $ner+y,Mass $%uivalence, Relativistic $ner+y and Momentum and t(eir -ransforms; e!ton"s #a!s of Motion in Relativistically Covariant Form. 5uantum Mec(anics: 1irt( of 5uantum .(ysics, de,1ro+lie 2ypot(esis, *ave,.article Duality, *ave .ac)et, /roup Velocity, t(e Uncertainty .rinciple and its Conse%uences, -(ou+(t $4periments, Complementarity; .ostulates of 5uantum Mec(anics, -ime Dependent and -ime 'ndependent 0c(rodin+er $%uation in 3ne Dimension, 0tatistical 'nterpretation of *ave Function, .ro&a&ility Current Density and Continuity $%uation, ormaliHation of *ave Functions, *ave Function in Momentum 0pace; 3&serva&les and 3perators, #inear Momentum, 3r&ital An+ular Momentum, Commutation Relations, $4pectation Values, $(renfest"s -(eorem. Applications of 5uantum Mec(anics: 3ne Dimensional Rectan+ular .otential 1arrier, -unnelin+, .arity 3perator and its $i+envalues; 3ne Dimensional .otential *ell, .article in a 1o4, Free .article, 0imple 2armonic 3scillator 8$ner+y $i+envalues only9; 0p(erically 0ymmetric 0ystems: 2ydro+en Atom, 0eparation of 0c(rodin+er $%uation in 0p(erical .olar Coordinates, $i+envalues of #<, 0p(erical 2armonics 8mention only9, t(e 0olution of Radial $%uations 85ualitative9, $ner+y #evels, 0tationary 0tate *ave Function, Discussion of 1ound and Continuum 0tates, 5uantum um&ers and Constants of Motion; 0pin An+ular Momentum: t(e Ma+netic Moment of $lectron, 0tern,/erlac( $4periment, t(e -otal An+ular Momentum Vector, 0pace 5uantiHation; 3ptical 0pectra of 2ydro+enic Atoms, 0pectral otation, .auli"s $4clusion .rinciple and $lectronic Confi+urations, 0election Rules, Allo!ed and For&idden -ransitions, 2alf #ife of $4cited 0tates, Finite *idt( of 0pectral #ines; X,ray 0pectra, C(aracteristic X,ray 0pectra, Moseley"s #a!, X,ray -erms and 0election Rules, Applications of X,rays. uclear .(ysics; Radioactive Decay #a!, Radioactive $%uili&ria, aturally Radioactive 0eries, ature of , and 0pectra and 5ualitative $4planation -(ereof; /eneral .roperties of uclei: Mass, 0pin, eutron um&er, Ma+netic Moment, 0iHe etc.; 0ta&ility of uclei: 1indin+ $ner+y Curve, Ma+ic um&ers, 0emi,empirical Mass Formula, #i%uid Drop Model, uclear Fission, uclear Fusion; uclear Reactors, uclear .o!er /eneration 8'ndian .ro+ramme, $4istin+ Facilities9, Radio,-racer 0tudies, 1iolo+ical $ffects of uclear Radiation, Radiation Dosimetry 8mention only9; Applications of uclear Radiation in 0cience and 'ndustry; .article Accelerators and Detectors; $lementary .articles; Modern otion of Constituents of Matter, 5uar)s.

PHE-12 &L' $4periment ; $4periment < $4periment = $4periment > $4periment ? $4periment A $4periment B $4periment C $4periment D $4periment ;E $4periment ;;

PHYSICS LABORATORY-III 0ome 'nvesti+ations on t(e Rotation of .lane of .olarisation 0ome 'nvesti+ations on 'nterference of #i+(t -o 0tudy t(e Diffraction .attern of a -(in *ire Resolvin+ .o!er of a -elescope

4 Credits

-o 'nvesti+ate t(e -emperature Dependence of Radiation from a 2ot Filament 0tudy of Ma+netisation 'ntensity in a Ma+netic Material Measurement of 'nductance: Anderson:s 1rid+e -o study an 3ff,&alance *(eatstone 1rid+e and to 'nvesti+ate its use in t(e Measurement of 0train 0tudy of an Audio Fre%uency Amplifier usin+ 1ipolar Gunction -ransistor 0ome $4periments !it( #o+ic /ates 0tudy of 2all $ffect in a Metal

-a&le -op $4periment ; Fourier Analysis of .eriodic *aveforms -a&le -op $4periment < Kepler:s -(ird #a! of .lanetary Motion

PHE-13

PHYSICS O* SOLIDS

4 Credits

0ymmetries 3&served in ature, 'nanimate and Animate *orld, 0ymmetries in Atoms and Molecules, Commonly 3&served 0ymmetries, -ranslational 0ymmetry and .eriodicity; /eometrical Arran+ement of Atoms and Molecules, 0ymmetry 3perations; -!o and -(ree Dimensional Crystals, Cu&ic Crystals, Crystal Directions and Crystal .lanes, Miller 'ndices; 5uasi Crystals, .olycrystalline and Amorp(ous 0olids; Crystal 0ystems and $lements of 0ymmetry, 1ravais #attices; Concept and .roperties of #attice -ypes, Reciprocal #attice; and 1rillouin Hone; J,ray diffraction, 1ra++:s Conditions; #aue -reatment of J,ray Diffraction, Atomic and 0tructural 0catterin+ Factors; eutron Diffraction and $lectron Microscopy. Different -ypes of Crystal 1ondin+: 'onic, Covalent, Metallic, 2ydro+en 1ondin+ and van der *aals 1ondin+; Co(esive $ner+y for 'onic and van der *aals Crystals; $lastic 0tress and 0train and t(eir Analysis for Cu&ic Crystals, $lastic Constants for a Cu&ic Crystal; $lastic $ner+y Density, .ropa+ation of $lastic *aves in a Cu&ic Crystal, *ave Velocity alon+ -ypical Crystal Directions; $lastic .roperties of on,Cu&ic Crystals; Atoms in 0olids as a Microscopic 0prin+,Mass 0ystem; Dynamics of a C(ain of 3ne and -!o -ypes of Atoms; 5uantisation of #attice Vi&rations, Acoustic and 3ptical .(onons; Classical -(eory of 0pecific 2eat; 5uantum -(eories of $instein and De&ye; Concept of ormal Modes; -(ermal Conductivity and -(ermal $4pansion. Classical Free $lectron -(eory of Metals, DrudeI#orentH -(eory, $lectrical Conductivity, Rela4ation -ime, #imitations of t(e Classical -(eory; 0ommerfeld -(eory, -emperature Dependence of Resistivity; $lectronic 0pecific 2eat and $lectronic -(ermal Conductivity, #orentH um&er; $ner+y #evels, $ner+y 0tates, Fermi,Dirac 0tatistics, Distri&ution of Free $lectrons, Fermi $ner+y; #imitation of 0ommerfeld Model; 3ri+in of $ner+y 1ands in 0olids; 1loc( Model and Motion of $lectrons in .eriodic .otential, Kroni+I.enney Model; 1rillouin Fone and $ffective Mass; Classification of 0olids into Metals, 'nsulators and 0emiconductors. 0olid Materials: -ypes of 0emiconductors; .(ysics of 0emiconductors I $lectronic, 3ptical and -(ermal .roperties; . Gunction; .olycrystalline and Amorp(ous 0emiconductors; Determination of Different .arameters; 2all $ffect; .erfect Conductor and 0uperconductor, Meisner $ffect, Critical -emperature and Critical Field C(aracteristic .arameters of 0uperconductors, -ypeI' and -ypeI'' 0uperconductors; 2i+( - c 0uperconductors 8a &rief outline9; Different -ypes of Ma+netic Materials; .auli"s -(eory of .arama+entism; Curie,*eiss #a!; Crystal /ro!t( and .urification; 0tren+t( of Materials; Alloyin+; Crystal Defects; .roperties and 0ome 'mportant Applications of .ieHoelectrics; .yroelectrics; Ferrites; Ferroelectrics; .olymers; #i%uid Crystals; Ceramics; /lasses; .rinciples of 3peration and Fa&rication of -ransducers, 0olar Cells, -(in Film Devices.

PHE-14

MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN PHYSICS-III

4 Credits

-(e $i+envalue .ro&lem for Matrices: Definitions; C(aracteristic $%uation; Determination of $i+envectors; /eneral Results Re+ardin+ $i+envalues and $i+envectors; Cayley I 2amilton -(eorem; Minimal $%uation and its Uses; Real, 0ymmetric and 3rt(o+onal Matrices; 2ermitian and Unitary Matrices and t(eir Relevance in .(ysics; .roperties of $i+envalues and $i+envectors of 2ermitian and Unitary Matrices; Dia+onaliHation of Matrices, 0imilarity -ransformations; Dia+onalisa&le Matrices; Applications to Reduction of 5uadratic Forms etc. -ensors: Coordinate -ransformations and $ffect on .(ysical 5uantities; 0calars; Covariant and Contravariant Vectors; 2i+(er Ran) -ensors 8Definition and $4amples9; 0ymmetry and Anti, symmetry. 1asic otions of /roup -(eory: 0ymmetry in .(ysical .ro&lems; Usefulness of 0ymmetry 80election Rules etc.9; Definition of a /roup; $4amples 80%uare or $%uilateral -rian+le !it( Centre Fi4ed9 and Counter $4amples; A&stract /roup and Realisations; 0u&,/roups, Con7u+ate $lements, Class; $4amples; Applications of /roup -(eory: 0ymmetry in Molecules; Crystals and 0ymmetry 8-!o,dimensions9; 0ome Crystallo+rap(ic .oint /roups, -ranslation /roup, 0pace /roups; 0ymmetry and Conservation #a!s in 5uantum Mec(anics, 0ymmetry under 0patial -ranslations and Conservation of #inear Momentum, -ime -ranslations and Conservation of $ner+y. Comple4 Analysis: Comple4 Varia&les, Function of a Comple4 Varia&le; #imit, Continuity and Analytic Continuation; Derivative in t(e Comple4 .lane; Different Comple4 Functions 8$4ponential, -ri+onometric, #o+arit(mic, 2yper&olic9; Analyticity and t(e Cauc(y,Riemann Conditions; 0in+ularities 8$ssential, Remova&le9; Comple4 'nte+ration: #ine 'nte+rals; Cauc(y:s 'nte+ral -(eorem and 'nte+ral Formulae; -aylor and #aurent 0eries; 3rder of .oles; Concept of Residue; Residue -(eorem; $valuation of Residues; Application to $valuation of Definite 'nte+rals involvin+ Rational Functions and -ri+onometric Functions. Fourier -ransforms: Definition, Fourier 'nte+ral -(eorem; $valuation of Fourier -ransform of 0imple Functions; Fourier 0ine and Cosine -ransforms; Fourier -ransform of Derivatives and 'nte+rals; 0olvin+ Differential $%uations t(rou+( Fourier -ransforms; 2eat Conduction $%uation in 3ne,Dimension and 3t(er $4amples; #aplace -ransforms: Definition; $valuation of #aplace -ransforms of Various Functions; 'nverse #aplace -ransforms 8only 0imple Met(ods9; #aplace -ransforms of Derivatives and 'nte+rals; Application to 0olution of 3rdinary Differential $%uations !it( Constant Coefficients; Applications to .(ysical 0ystems. 0pecial Functions: #e+endre $%uation, #e+endre .olynomials, .roperties, Rodri+ue:s Formula, Recurrence Relations, 3rt(o+onality Relations, /eneratin+ Function for #e+endre .olynomials, #e+endre .olynomials as 0olutions of .(ysical 'mportance; 1essel $%uation, 1essel Function Gn 84) for 'nte+ral n, Recurrence Relations, /eneratin+ Function, 'nte+ral Representation of Gn849, 3rt(o+onality Relations, 1essel Functions in .(ysical .ro&lems !it( Cylindrical 0ymmetry; 2ermite $%uation, Recurrence Relations, /eneratin+ Functions, 3rt(o+onality Relations, #a+uerre $%uation; Recurrence Relations, /eneratin+ Functions.

PHE+1

ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS

4 Credits

Astronomical Distance, Mass and -ime 0cales; 1ri+(tness, Radiant Flu4 and #uminosity, Measurement of Astronomical 5uantities 8distance, mass, stellar radii and temperatures9; 1asic Concepts of .ositional Astronomy: Celestial 0p(ere; Astronomical Coordinate 0ystems 8(oriHon and e%uatorial9; Measurement of -ime 8mean solar time, sidereal time, e%uation of time9; Calendar; Astronomical -ec(ni%ues: 1asic 3ptical Definitions 8ma+nification, li+(t +at(erin+ po!er, resolvin+ po!er, diffraction limit9; Atmosp(eric *indo!s; 3ptical -elescopes, Detectors, Detecta&ility #imits of -elescopes; .(ysical .rinciples: Virial -(eorem; e!tonian -(eory vs. /eneral Relativity; 0ystems in -(ermodynamic $%uili&rium; Ma4!ellian Velocity Distri&ution; 1lac),1ody Radiation; 1oltHmann K 0a(a $%uations; Radiative -ransfer $%uation and 3ptical Dept(; #ocal -(ermodynamic $%uili&rium. -(e 0un; 0olar .arameters, .(otosp(ere, 0olar Atmosp(ere, C(romosp(ere; Corona, 0olar Activity 8solar !ind, solar flares, sun spots9; 'ntroduction to Ma+neto,(ydrodynamics, 0eismolo+y of t(e 0un 8&rief mention only9; -(e 0olar Family; Facts and Fi+ures; 3ri+in of t(e 0olar 0ystem 8 e&ular model9; -idal Forces and .lanetary Rin+s; $4tra,solar .lanets; 0tellar 0pectra and Classification; Atomic 0pectra, 0tellar 0pectra, 0pectral -ypes and -emperature Dependence, #uminosity Classification, 2,R Dia+ram; 0tellar 0tructure; 2ydrostatic $%uili&rium; Virial -(eorem; 0ources of 0tellar $ner+y, Models of $ner+y -ransport; .olytropic 0tellar Models; 0tar Formation: Composition of 'nterstellar Medium, Gean:s 'nsta&ility Criterion, Collapse and Fra+mentation of Molecular Clouds 8mass function9; $volution to!ards Main 0e%uence; ucleosynt(esis and 0tellar $volution; Cosmic A&undances; 0tellar ucleosynt(esis; Main 0e%uence and .ost,main 0e%uence $volution of 0tars; $nd sta+es; 0upernovae; Compact 0tars; $%uation of 0tate and De+enerate /as of Fermions; *(ite D!arfs 8C(andrase)(ar limit9, eutron 0tars 8pulsars9; #imitin+ Mass; 1lac) 2oles. -(e Mil)y *ay; 0tructure and .roperties; Rotation 8Differential Rotation and 3ort:s constants9, Rotation Curve; /alactic Center; 'nter,stellar Matter 8<; cm line9; 0tar Clusters; /ala4ies: Morp(olo+y, 2u&&le Classification; 0pirals, $llipticals and 'rre+ulars; /as and Dust; Active /ala4ies: ature, Classification, 8Radio /ala4ies and %uasars; 0eyferts and star &urst +ala4ies9; 1e(aviour, Central $n+ine 8accretion dis)s and 7ets9, Unified Model; #ar+e,0cale 0tructure and t(e $4pandin+ Universe; Cosmic Distance #adder; 2u&&le:s #a!; Cluster of /ala4ies 8Virial -(eorem and Dar) Matter9; Friedmann $%uations and 0olutions; $arly Universe and ucleosynt(esis, Cosmic Micro!ave 1ac)+round Radiation; $volvin+ vs. 0teady 0tate Universe.

PHE+1!

COMM)NICATION PHYSICS

4 Credits

$lements of Communication: $veryday Communication 0ystem; #ar+e Distance Communication 0ystems 81loc) Dia+ram9; Communication 0ystem Model: 0ource , Media , 0in); -ypes of Media and C(aracteristics 8*ires, 'onosp(ere, Micro!ave, 0pace9; Classification of 0i+nals 8.eriodic, .ulses, 0erial, .arallel Communication Modes etc.9; 1asic -ools for 2andlin+ Deterministic 0i+nals; 0i+nal to oise Ratio, *ide and arro! 1and oise; C(annel 1and!idt( and Capacity; 0i+nal Representation: $ner+y and .o!er #imited 0i+nals; 0pectrum and Density Function; Fre%uency 0pectrum of 0ource and Response of Detector. 0i+nal .ropa+ation: Revie! of Ma4!ell:s $%uation and Concept of 1oundary Conditions; .lane *ave 0olution in Dielectrics and Conductors; .oyntin+ -(eorem, -otal 'nternal Reflection, 0urface *aves; Revie! of Antennae 8 o Derivation9, $lements of Antenna, Radiation .attern 8'nterference in Multielement Antennae9; -ransmission #ine $%uation 8Recap9; C(aracteristic 'mpedance of -ransmission #ine and 'mpedance Matc(in+ 8Reflection Coefficient, 0catterin+9; Distri&uted Components versus #umped Components; Resonance; -ypes of -ransmission #ines , Microstriplines, 0triplines, Dielectric -ransmission #ine, Co,a4ial, <,!ire #ine. Modulation -ec(ni%ues: Modulation -(eorem; #inear Modulation 0ystems; AM, FM, .M and -(eir Modulation and Demodulation -ec(ni%ues; .ulse Modulation 0ystems , .AM, .DM, ..M; 0amplin+ -(eorem, 5uantiHation; Discrete Modulation -ec(ni%ues, .CM. -elep(ony and 0!itc(in+: .oint to .oint, .oint to Multipoint Communication; Concepts of -elep(one 0ystem, Central 0!itc(in+, Routin+ and Call .rocessin+; *ireless and Cellular Communication; 0imple4, 2alf Duple4, Full Duple4 Communication, Multiple4in+ in -ime, 0pace, Fre%uency and *avelen+t(. Audio and Video Communication: AM, FM 1roadcastin+; -ransmission and Reception; -V -ransmission and Reception, Colour and Monoc(rome 0i+nal; Vesti+ial 1and -ransmission; Camera and Display -u&es; -V 0tandards. Micro!aves: *ave+uide Components; Micro!ave /enerators and Detectors; #ine of 0i+(t, 0atellite Communication, RADAR. 3ptical Fi&re Communication: Fi&re 3ptics .rinciples; C(annel Capacity; Attenuation and #osses; 3ptical 0ources and Detectors; Modulation -ec(ni%ues. Computer 1ased Communication: Computer as -ool of Communication; 2ard!are Arc(itecture and 0oft!are Aspects; .ersonal, Des)top, Multi,media 0ystems; #A , *A Computer et!or); ' -$R $-; ***; e,mail. Futuristic #oo) of Communication 0ystems: *ireless -ec(nolo+y, 1lue -oot(, *A. and any ot(er ne! emer+in+ topics.