A GLOBAL / COUNTRY STUDY REPORT ON TOURISM SECTOR IN ISRAEL Submitted to Late Smt.

Shardaben Ghanshyambhai Patel Institute of Management Studies, Dharmaj College code: 733 IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT OF THE AWARD FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION In Gujarat Technological University Faculty Guide: by: Prof. PRYANKA.PATEL WASIM PATHAN [117330592017] ANKIT PATEL [117330592018] Submitted

SHREYA PATEL [117330592019] ARPIT PATEL [117330592021]

BANSAL PATEL [117330592022] BATCH: 2011-2013 MBA SEMESTER III/IV Late Smt. Shardaben Ghanshyambhai Patel Institute of Management Studies, Dharmaj MBA PROGRAMME Affiliated to Gujarat Technological University 2 Ahmedabad

SUMMARY
In technology Israel is one of the most developed sectors. Israel ranked 1st for expenditure on R&D. Compared to other countries, Israels national annual R&D spending gross domestic expenditure on R&D is high. In information technology also good, Microsoft, Berkshire- Hathaway, Motorola, Intel, HP, Siemens, Samsung, GE, Philips, Lucent, AOL, Cisco, Applied Materials, Win bond, IBM and J&J, are just a few examples of multinationals that run core activities in Israel. Israel is leading country in defense technology. Defense technology means Israel have a top weapons and computer system by use they innovate in technology. Many of these developments have been battle-tested in Israel's numerous military engagements, making the relationship mutually beneficial, the IDF getting tailormade solutions and the industries a good reputation. With world highest percentage of engineers and scientist, Israels greatest natural resource is its skilled workforce. Israeli scientists have contributed to the advancement of agriculture, computer sciences, electronics, genetics, medicine, optics, solar energy and various fields

of engineering. Israel has also developed life sciences. Israel is fourth in world in biotechnology patents per capita. A drip irrigation system developed by Israel. Its good innovation for agriculture. In communication sector also leading. And in homeland security, semiconductor industry, chemicals, and agro-technology also operate well. Israel inventions some technology like Netafim is worldwide pioneer in smart drip and micro-irrigation. Ormat technology is operates geothermal power plants worldwide, supplying clean geothermal power in more than 20 countries. Then pythgoras solar makes the worlds first solar window, which combines energy efficiency, power generation and transparency. Another is 3G solar pioneered a lowcost alternative to silicon that generates significantly more electricity than leading silicon-based PV solar modules at a lower cost per kilowatt hour. Israel has also developed a latest innovative airport security technology First is Trace-Safe an alternative to body scans. Its use in at least 19 airports in US. Trace-Safe from Israel and Raptor from the US have co-developed a

chemical process, called Trace Guard, which can free particles from fabric and luggage for speedy detection and analysis. Second is Suspect detection system is an automated interrogation and background check technology for both travelers and airport employees. Then other technology is Bell Secure- consolidating data, Brief cam - step back in time. In Israel good university provide good knowledge and is first in research and design. Also second rank in information technology skill and third rank for Quality of Scientific Research Organization. And sixth rank for overall innovation.

 TECHNOLOGICAL FACTOR OF ISRAEL

Israel is one of the country's most developed sectors in Science and technology. The no of employees of Israelis engaged in scientific and technological inquiry, and the amount spent on research and development (R&D) in relation to gross domestic product (GDP), is amongst the highest in the world. Israel ranks fourth in the world in scientific activity as measured by the number of scientific publications per million citizens. Israel's percentage of the total number of scientific articles published worldwide is almost 10 times higher than its percentage of the world's population. Israeli scientists have contributed to the advancement of agriculture, computer sciences, electronics, genetics, medicine, optics, solar energy and various fields

of engineering. Israel is home to major players in the high-tech industry and has one of the world's most technologically-literate populations. In 1998, Tel Aviv was named by Newsweek as one of the ten most technologically influential cities in the world. Since 2000, Israel has been a member of EUREKA, the pan-

European research and development funding and coordination organization, and holds the rotating chairmanship of the organization for 2010-2011. Israel is one of the world's technological leaders in water technology. In 2011, its water technology industry was worth around $2 billion a year with annual exports of products and services in the tens of millions of dollars. The ongoing shortage of water in the country has spurred innovation in water conservation techniques, and a substantial agricultural modernization, drip irrigation, was invented in Israel. Israel is also at the technological forefront of desalination and water recycling. The Ashkelon seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) plant, the largest in the world, was voted 'Desalination Plant of the Year' in the Global Water Awards in 2006. Israel hosts an annual Water Technology Exhibition and Conference that attracts thousands of people from across the world. By the end of 2013, 85 percent of the country's water consumption will be from reverse osmosis. As a result of innovations in reverse osmosis technology, Israel is set to become a net exporter of water in the coming years. Emerging sectors in Israel also include nanotechnology and cleantech, technologies for resource preservation and environmental cleanup. Israel has long

been an innovator in water technologies drip irrigation and recycling and in solar energy. Israel invented drip irrigation and boasts the worlds largest desalination facility. The government has recently stepped up support programs in the water and renewable energy fields. In the area of military technology, Israel is a major world exporter, with strengths in unmanned weapons technology, missiles, and small satellites, as well as state-of-the-art small arms. In exchange for a high level of U.S. military support, Israel is obliged to buy the major part of its military equipment from the United States. Since sales to its own domestic market are thus constrained, Israels own large defense industry is dependent on exports. Conflicts between the United States and Israel periodically arise over Israels plans to share military tech nologies with other countries, for example, recently, China.

National Expenditures on R&D

Compared to other countries, Israels national annual R&D spending gross domestic expenditure on R&D (GERD) is exceptionally high. When measured by the main aggregate used for international comparisons, R&D spending per unit of gross domestic product (GDP), Israel ranks number one in the world. In 2006 Israels GDP was US$140.5 billion and its spending on civilian R&D expenditure as a percentage of GDP, or R&D intensity, amounted to 4.8 percent of GDP, compared to 2.8 percent in the United States. Israels spending in 2005 was twice the OECD average of 2.2 percent. That percentage placed Israel, a non-OECD economy, well ahead of Taiwan and Singapore, the only other non-OECD economies with R&D Intensity exceeding the OECD average Israels R&D intensity in 2005 also exceeded that of, in order, Sweden, Finland, and Japan, the only three OECD countries in which the R&D-to-GDP ratio exceeded 3 percent.

The record of Israel in technology

The World Economic Forum has designated Israelsi one of the leading countries in the world in technologicalsiinavosni . In the 2008-2009 WEF Global Competitive Index Report, Israel received an overall rank of the 23rd most competitive country. The 2008 IMD World Competitiveness Yearbook ranked Israel as the 20th most competitive country in the world.

ranked 1st for total expenditure on R&D ranked 1st for business expenditure on R&D ranked 1st for availability of qualified scientists and engineers ranked 2nd for venture capital availability ranked 2nd for information technology skills ranked 3rd for Quality of Scientific Research Organizations ranked 3rd for Registered Patents Per Capita ranked 4th for higher education achievements

(Source: IMD Global Competitiveness Yearbook 2007-2008)

Military technology
The IDF possesses top-of-the-line weapons and computer systems used and recognized worldwide. Some gear comes from the US (with some equipment modified for IDF use) such as theM4A1 and M16 assault rifles, the M24

SWS 7.62 mm bolt action sniper rifle, the SR-25 7.62 mm semi-automatic sniper rifle, the F-15 Eagle and F-16 Fighting Falcon, and the AH-64D Apacheand AH-1 Cobra attack helicopters. Israel also has developed its own independent weapons industry, which has developed weapons and vehicles such as the Merkava battle tank series, theNesher and Kfir fighter aircraft, and various small arms such as the Galil and Tavor assault rifles, and the Uzi submachine gun. Israel has also installed a variant of the Samson RCWS, a remote controlled weapons platform, which can include machine guns, grenade launchers, and anti-tank missiles on a remotely operated turret, in pillboxes along the Israeli Gaza Strip barrier intended to prevent Palestinian militants from entering its territory. Israel has developed observation balloons equipped with sophisticated cameras and surveillance systems used to thwart terror attacks from Gaza.

In response to the price overruns on the US Littoral Combat Ship program, Israel is considering producing their own warships, which would take a decade and depend on diverting US financing to the project.

 Israels top 10 airport security technologies

1. Trace-Safe An alternative to body scans 2. Suspect Detection System Tracing the sweat of terror 3. Bell Secure Consolidating data 4. Eltel Monitoring the monitors 5. WeCU Heres looking at you 6. Bust the security line with your own Biometric VIP card 7. Mag Shoe Keep your shoes on 8. Vigilant Sleeping with one eye open 9. Briefcam Step back in time 10. ACRO-P.E.T. Looks like a pen, sniffs out TATP

Technology factor of India

The Indian Government acquired the EVS EM computers from the Soviet Union, which were used in large companies and research laboratories. In 1968 Tata Consultancy Servicesestablished in SEEPZ, Mumbai by the Tata Groupwere the country's largest software producers during the 1960s. As an outcome of the various policies of Jawaharlal Nehru (office: 15 August 1947 27 May 1964) the economically beleaguered country was able to build a large scientific workforce, third in numbers only to that of the United States of America and the Soviet Union. On 18 August 1951 the minister of education Maulana Abul Kalam Azad, inaugurated the Indian Institute of Technology at Kharagpur in West Bengal. Possibly modeled after the Massachusetts Institute of Technology these institutions were conceived by a 22 member committee of scholars and entrepreneurs under the chairmanship of N. R. Sarkar. Relaxed immigration laws in the United States of America (1965) attracted a number of skilled Indian professionals aiming for research. By 1960 as many as 10,000 Indians were estimated to have settled in the US. By the 1980s a number of engineers from India were seeking employment in other countries. In response, the Indian companies realigned wages to retain their experienced staff. In

the Encyclopedia of India, Kamdar (2006) reports on the role of Indian immigrants (1980 - early 1990s) in promoting technology-driven growth.

The economic effect of the technologically inclined services sector in India accounting for 40% of the country's GDP and 30% of export earnings as of 2006, while employing only 25% of its workforceis summarized by Sharma (2006): today, Bangalore is known as the Silicon Valley of India and contributes 33% of Indian IT Exports. India's second and third largest software companies are headquartered in Bangalore, as are many of the global SEI-CMM Level 5 Companies. Mumbai too has its share of IT companies that are India's first and largest, like TCS and well established like Reliance , Patni, LnT Infotech, i-Flex, WNS, Shine, Naukri, Jobspert etc. are head-quartered in Mumbai. And these IT and dot com

companies are ruling the roost of Mumbai's relatively high octane industry of Information Technology. Such is the growth in investment and outsourcing, it was revealed that Cap Gemini will soon have more staff in India than it does in its home market of France with 21,000 personnel+ in India On 25 June 2002 India and the European Union agreed to bilateral cooperation in the field of science and technology. A joint EU-India group of scholars was formed on 23 November 2001 to further promote joint research and development. India holds observer status at CERN while a joint India-EU Software Education and Development Center is due at Bangalore.

Big IT Services company

Firm Revenues Employees Headquarters

TCS

$10.17 billion

243,545

Mumbai

Wipro

$6.30 billion

135,920

Bangalore

Infosys

$7.99 billion

151,151

Bangalore

HCL Technologies

$13.2 billion

89,319

Noida

General features of the STI system: India is an open market economy and the worlds second most populous country. GDP increased by 8.4% a year during 2005-10 and the country weathered the global crisis remarkably. India has a large domestic market and a large and young labour force. An emerging middle class ensures strong demand for consumer

goods. Local manufacturing industries (e.g. electronics) complement traditional labour intensive industries (e.g. textiles). A pool of low cost, highly skilled, Englishspeaking workers has attracted massive inflows of FDI. The outsourcing of knowledge-intensive activities to India has contributed to make the services sector the largest contributor to GDP (55%) and the presence of multinationals R&D centers has accelerated Indias integration in the global research system. India hosts several top corporate R&D investors in automotive, industrial machinery and IT industries. The contribution of Indian firms to R&D is small but expanding rapidly: they accounted for 34% of GERD in 2007 and 0.26% of GDP (up from 19% and 0.14% five years earlier). Research output (patents) and non-technological innovation (trademark counts) are still limited Indias RTA in biotechnologies compares advantageously with that of other BRIICS (Panel 2). Framework.

REFERENCES

1. http://israel21c.org/technology/israels-top-45-greatest-inventions-of-all-time-2/ 2. http://www.ittn.org.il/news.php?cat=22&in=0 3. http://www.fco.gov.uk/en/travel-and-living-abroad/travel-advice-bycountry/country-profile/middle-east-north-africa/israel/ 4. http://www.nationsonline.org/oneworld/israel.htm 5. http://greathumancapital.wordpress.com/2007/01/31/swot-matrix-of-indiaanalysis-of-indian-social-economic-political-technological-conditions/ 6. http://www.indexmundi.com/israel/ 7. www.nber.org/chapters/c3384.pdf 8. http://israel21c.org/technology/israels-top-10-airport-security-technologies-2/