Running head: CLOUD COMPUTING

Examining the Potential of Cloud Computing in Edu ation !nd"e# C Lemon ETEC $11 %e tion &'D Uni(e")it* of +"iti)h Colum,ia

CLOUD COMPUTING

Examining the Potential of Cloud Computing in Edu ation Compute") and edu ation ha(e a long hi)to"*. f"om the ea"l* LOGO p"og"amming language in the 1/&01) to the adoption of %ma"t ,oa"d) and ta,let) in the la))"oom toda*2 3o" man* *ea"). ompute") #e"e la"ge. um,e")ome ma hine) that too4 up a lot of )pa e due to the )i5e of the p"o e))o") that po#e"ed them2 6ith the ad(ent of the mi "op"o e))o". ho#e(e". ompute") needed le)) )pa e and ,e ame mo"e ompa t and mo"e affo"da,le2 Not )in e thi) )hift f"om t"an)i)to") to mi "op"o e))o") ha) )omething "e(olutioni5ed the omputing #o"ld a) mu h a) loud omputing ha) the potential to do2 Re entl*. 7 loud omputing8 ha) ,e ome a ,u55#o"d in the indu)t"* 9 omme" ial) a,ound )tating that thi) pa"ti ula" ompan* o" that pa"ti ula" ompan* ha) ta4en to 7the loud8 a) if it #e"e a ph*)i al pla e2 I"oni all*. loud omputing i) a,out doing a#a* #ith a "elian e on ph*)i al )pa e) and:o" indi(idual ompute") to a e)) appli ation) and data2 Cloud omputing ha) fa";"ea hing impli ation) fo" all u)e") 9 f"om ,u)ine)) o#ne") to o"po"ation). f"om go(e"nment) to indi(idual) to the edu ational )*)tem2 !lthough ,u)ine)) o#ne") and o"po"ation) )tand to ,enefit g"eatl* f"om loud omputing. it ma* ,e the edu ational )*)tem that ,enefit) the mo)t. a) the u)e of loud omputing an lo#e" o)t). ena,le olla,o"ation at a le(el not p"e(iou)l* )een. and p"olong the life)pan of olde" ompute")2 Unfo"tunatel*. the edu ational )*)tem i) often one of the )lo#e)t to adapt to ne# te hnologie)2 +* leading the #a* and adopting loud omputing. ,oth 4inde"ga"ten to g"ade t#el(e <=;1-> and po)t;)e onda"* in)titution) #ill ,enefit f"om thi) ne# method of omputing2

CLOUD COMPUTING What is Cloud Computing? Cloud omputing an ,e de) "i,ed a) 7on;demand omputing. fo" an*one #ith a net#o"4 onne tion8 allo#ing a e)) 7to appli ation) and data an*#he"e. an*time. f"om

an* de(i e8 <Po#ell. -00/. p2->2 The 7 loud8 it)elf i) a olle tion of ompute") o" )e"(e") that a"e onne ted in a g"id. and a"e a e))i,le (ia the inte"net2 The)e )e"(e") a"e t*pi all* o#ned ,* a thi"d pa"t*. #ho lea)e) the u)e of the)e )e"(e") o" ompute")2 Po#ell <-00/> diffe"entiate) ,et#een t#o diffe"ent t*pe) of 7 loud)8 ; p"i(atel* o#ned and ope"ated loud omputing )*)tem). <#hi h exi)t #ithin an in)titution o" o"gani5ation>. and pu,li loud). #hi h p"o(ide )e"(i e) to u)e") out)ide of an o"gani5ation and a"e a(aila,le to all2 E"en,en <-00/> define) pu,li loud) a) 7open to an*one #ho #ant) to )ign up and u)e

them8 #he"ea) 7p"i(ate loud) t*pi all* )it ,ehind the fi"e#all of an ente"p"i)e o" uni(e")it*. and onl* people #ithin that o"gani5ation ha(e pe"mi))ion to a e)) the loud and it) "e)ou" e)8 <p21@> +oth t*pe) of loud) an ,e ,enefi ial to the edu ational )*)tem. ,ut the pu,li loud ha) the mo)t potential fo" =;1- edu ation a) it ome) at a mu h lo#e" o)t and an p"o(ide man* <if not all> of the )e"(i e) a ) hool o" di)t"i t ma* need2 ! uni(e")it*. on the othe" hand. ma* )till need o" #ant featu"e) that a"e not <*et> a(aila,le on the pu,li loud. and thu) ma* opt fo" a p"i(ate loud omputing )*)tem2 !) pu,li loud p"o(ide")

imp"o(e #hat i) a(aila,le. la"ge" in)titution) ma* ,egin to mo(e a#a* f"om ho)ting a p"i(ate loud and in)tead "el* on thi"d;pa"t* p"o(ide")2 =at5 <-010> ,elie(e) that it i) onl* a matte" of time ,efo"e thi"d;pa"t* loud )e"(i e) a"e p"o(iding mo)t o" all of the loud omputing )e"(i e) to in)titution) of highe" edu ation

CLOUD COMPUTING Past Systems P"io" to the ad(ent of loud omputing. u)e") )to"ed thei" data on p"i(ate ma hine) o" )e"(e") that #e"e onl* a e))i,le f"om pa"ti ula" lo ation)2 If the u)e" had the info"mation )to"ed on thei" home ompute". then the* #e"e una,le to a e)) it until the* #e"e logged on to that )pe ifi ompute"2 The* #e"e al)o limited to the p"o e))ing

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po#e" that thei" ompute" had 9 thu) tho)e #ho ould affo"d ,ette" ompute") had a e)) to ,ette" p"o e))ing po#e"2 !nothe" do#n)ide #a) that it made olla,o"ating on a do ument diffi ult and time on)uming2 Ea h pe")on #ould ha(e to ma4e thei" hange) ,efo"e )ending the do ument off to the next olla,o"ato"2 Thi) led to a do ument ha(ing to i" ulate )e(e"al time) ,efo"e e(e"*one had had a han e to ma4e thei" "e(i)ion)2 Mi"a)he and =al*an4a" <-010> on u" that loud omputing i) ideal fo" olla,o"ato")2 Cloud omputing gi(e) tho)e #o"4ing togethe" the a,ilit* to a e)) and edit a do ument at the )ame time. allo#ing ea h u)e" to )ee #hat thei" g"oup mate) a"e doing a) the* do it2 It al)o allo#) olla,o"ato") to #o"4 on the do ument f"om a (a"iet* of lo ation)A Mi"a)he and =al*an4a" po)it that the u)e" 7no longe" ha) to ta4e on the ta)4 of data managementA he doe)n1t e(en ha(e to "emem,e" #he"e that data i)2 !ll that matte") i) that the data i) in the loud. and thu) immediatel* a(aila,le to that u)e" and othe" autho"i5ed u)e")8 <p2 B/>2 Thi) i) ideal fo" the edu ational )*)tem. a) a )tudent ma* u)e t#o o" th"ee diffe"ent ompute") #hile at ) hool and then ontinue #o"4ing f"om thei" home ompute"2 In)tead of ha(ing to t"an)po"t data f"om pla e to pla e. the )tudent onl* need) to log onto the inte"net to a e)) thei" #o"42 ! thi"d d"a#,a 4 #ith the p"e(iou) )*)tem i) ho# Cui 4l* ompute") ,e ome outdated2 ! ompute" that i) mo"e than a fe# *ea") old ma* ,e on)ide"ed an antiCue in

CLOUD COMPUTING the omputing #o"ld 9 p"o e))ing po#e" in "ea)e) at an in "edi,le "ateA *e)te"da*1) )upe" ompute" i) toda*1) t*pe#"ite" and tomo""o#1) pape"#eight2 6ith the u)e of loud omputing a ompute" i) le)) li4el* to ,e ome outdated. a) the need fo" e(e";expanding p"o e))ing po#e" ha) ,een )hifted f"om the indi(idual1) ompute" to the loud1) )e"(e")2 !) E"en,en <-00/> ha) indi ated. olde" unit) an ,e updated to p"o(ide all the fun tionalit* of a ne#e" de(i e2 Thi) i) done ,* "el*ing on the p"o e))ing po#e" of the )e"(e") "un ,* a thi"d;pa"t*2 Thi) an g"eatl* extend the life of a ompute". #hi h i)

pa"ti ula"l* impo"tant fo" a ) hool di)t"i t. #he"e ,udget )ho"tfall) a"e often the no"m2 +* extending the life of a ompute" and p"e(enting the need fo" expen)i(e "epla ement) o" upg"ade). ) hool di)t"i t) an offe" fa)t inte"net a e)) and p"o e))ing po#e" #ithout ha(ing to )pend the mone* that the* on e had to2 Benefits of Cloud Computing Availability One of the ,igge)t ,enefit) of loud omputing to the edu ational )*)tem i) that do ument) a"e a(aila,le an*#he"e the"e i) an inte"net onne tion2 3o" u)e") in "u"al di)t"i t) o" )tudent) en"olled in di)tan e edu ation ou")e). thi) gi(e) them a e)) to p"og"am) and p"o e))ing po#e" that #a) he"etofo"e una(aila,le #ithout a po#e"ful ompute"2 ! on e"n #ith the edu ational )*)tem toda* i) the diffe"en e) in a(aila,ilit* of e"tain )oft#a"e2 Unde";funded ) hool di)t"i t) a"e le)) li4el* to ,e a,le to affo"d expen)i(e )oft#a"e o" )e"(e")2 The loud. ho#e(e". an help le(el the pla*ing field2 !ppli ation) li4e Google do ) ha(e enough featu"e) to ,e mo"e than )uffi ient fo" the a(e"age la))"oom2 %u h appli ation) help the)e di)t"i t) p"o(ide thei" )tudent) #ith the

CLOUD COMPUTING

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)ame )o"t of p"o e))ing po#e" and )oft#a"e that )ome of the #ealthie" di)t"i t) ma* ha(e paid fo"2 Collaboration Cloud omputing allo#) fo" olla,o"ation at a le(el not p"e(iou)l* 4no#n <E"en,en. -00/A Mi"a)he D =al*an4a". -010A Po#ell. -00/>2 U)e") f"om all o(e" the #o"ld a"e a,le to edit a )ingle do ument at the )ame time2 Thi) i) impo"tant fo" the edu ational )*)tem fo" a num,e" of "ea)on)2 Chief among them i) that it allo#) )tudent) to #o"4 on an a))ignment at the )ame time #ithout ha(ing to ,e in the )ame ,uilding. it*. o" ount"*2 ! o"ding to =at5 and Gandel <-010> loud omputing ha) helped t"an)fo"m the inte"net into an 7open uni(e")it*8 #he"e ontent o; "eation i) 7one of the mo)t impo"tant on ept) and )o ial ,eha(iou") to eme"ge in 6e, -208 <p2 />2 Thi) ontent o; "eation i) ,e)t exemplified ,* 6i4ipedia. the online en * lopedia that ha) ,een "eated ,* thou)and) of u)e") f"om a"ound the #o"ld2 Cloud omputing al)o affo"d) ,oth )*n h"onou) and a)*n h"onou) olla,o"ation. #hi h i) pa"ti ula"l* (alua,le to the po)t; )e onda"* )tudent2 !)*n h"onou) olla,o"ation allo#) )tudent) #ith onfli ting ) hedule) to #o"4 on a))ignment) togethe"A a) all data i) )a(ed in the loudA one )tudent an )ee #hat he":hi) la))mate) ha(e added and an then ont"i,ute to the a))ignment #ithout ha(ing to ,e in the )ame pla e o" at the )ame time2 Cost %#it hing o(e" to loud omputing an help )a(e ) hool di)t"i t) mone* in a num,e" of #a*)2 ! o"ding to Gold)tein <-00@>. one of the)e #a*) i) the elimination <o" d"a)ti all* "edu ed "ole> of the IT depa"tment2 !fte" a ) hool di)t"i t adopt) loud omputing. the need fo" a lo al IT o"gani5ation i) le)) impo"tant a) the IT dutie) #ill ,e

CLOUD COMPUTING admini)te"ed ,* the thi"d;pa"t* ompan* that ho)t) the loud2 Gold)tein al)o note) ho# man* o"gani5ation) a"e mo(ing to the loud fo" e;mail )e"(i e) and a"e pu" ha)ing )to"age f"om exte"nal p"o(ide"). a) it i) le)) expen)i(e than ha(ing thei" o#n )e"(e")2 !nothe" o)t;)a(ing ,enefit that i) pa"ti ula"l* impo"tant to the =;1- edu ational )*)tem i) that mo(ing to the loud ena,le) ) hool di)t"i t) to "e;u)e ompute") that #e"e "ead* to ,e "e * led2 E"en,en <-00/> di) u))e) ho# the Pi4e Count* ) hool di)t"i t in =entu 4* ha) ,een a,le to p"olong the life)pan of olde" ompute") ,* eliminating the need fo" a ha"d d"i(e2 !ll the ne e))a"* p"o e))ing o u") at the )e"(e" "athe" than at the

de)4top. #hi h let) olde" ompute") pe"fo"m li4e ne#e" model)2 Mi"a)he and =al*an4a" <-010> al)o on luded that "el*ing on the loud mean) that lo#e" o)t:olde" ompute") an ,e u)ed in the la))"oom. a) p"o e))ing po#e" i) no longe" a fa to" in #hethe" o" not a ompute" an omplete the ne e))a"* ta)4)2 E"en,en al)o illu)t"ated ho# IT o)t) ha(e ,een "edu ed fo" the Pi4e Count* di)t"i t. a) the* no longe" maintain the )e"(e") o" ha(e on)ite expe"ti)e2 Scalability One of the ,igge)t ,enefit) of loud omputing to edu ation i) ho# 7) alea,le8 it i)2 E"en,en <-00/> indi ated that fa ult* and )tudent) a"e a,le to a e)) the te hnolog* and appli ation) the* need (ia the loud2 Thi) a e)) an ,e in "ea)ed o" de "ea)ed depending on the need. #hi h gi(e) the o"gani5ation mu h g"eate" flexi,ilit*2 Rathe" than ha(ing to pu" ha)e )oft#a"e and )e"(e") that ma* onl* ,e u)ed a f"a tion of the time. tho)e in)titution) u)ing the loud a"e a,le to in "ea)e thei" )e"(e" )pa e and )oft#a"e need) on;demand2 Le*mann <-00/> "efe") to thi) a) 7ela)ti it*8. meaning that the "e)ou" e) p"o(ided ,* the loud #ill g"o# o" )h"in4 depending on the u)e"1) need)2 Thi)

CLOUD COMPUTING

i) ideal fo" ,oth =;1- edu ation and po)t;)e onda"* in)titution). a) ea h ha(e flu tuating need)A the u)e of the loud en)u"e) that the* a"e onl* u)ing #hat i) ne e))a"* at that time2 %ome "efe" to thi) a) 7utilit* omputing8 <Le*mann. E"en,en. Mi"a)he D =al*an4a". -010>2 Mu h li4e the u)e of ele t"i it*. u)e") onl* pa* fo" #hat the* a"e u)ing2 Thi) #ill ,e a maEo" ,enefit fo" a)h;)t"apped ) hool di)t"i t) and o)t; on) iou) uni(e")itie)2 Disadvantages of Cloud Computing Loss of Control One of the di)ad(antage) of )#it hing to the loud i) that the in)titution lo)e) )ome ont"ol o(e" thei" data and )e"(e")2 ! o"ding to Po#ell <-00/>. loud omputing i) )till in it) infan * and man* ne# ompanie) a"e ente"ing the ma"4et loo4ing to gain ma"4et )ha"e2 If an in)titution ,a 4) the #"ong p"o(ide". the* ma* find that thei" p"o(ide" u)e) the #"ong )tanda"d and i) left ,ehind. o" that the p"o(ide" lo)e) do#n altogethe". lea(ing them #ithout data o" a )e"(i e p"o(ide"2 Thi) ould ha(e di)a)t"ou) on)eCuen e) fo" a uni(e")it* that ha) "elied on the loud to )to"e it) )tudent1) info"mation o" p"o(ide thei" )tudent) #ith )oft#a"e2 =at5 <-010> aution) u)e") of the loud that ma))i(e outage) a"e not unhea"d ofA )ome of the)e outage) ha(e "e)ulted in the lo)) of )u,)tantial amount) of info"mation2 Fe #a"n) that it #ill ,e ne e))a"* fo" ) hool di)t"i t) and po)t;)e onda"* in)titution) to en)u"e that loud omputing p"o(ide") implement "ea)ona,le )afegua"d) to 4eep info"mation ,oth )e u"e and )afel* )to"ed2 Data Transfer Difficulties !nothe" potential p"o,lem #ith loud omputing i) ho# expen)i(e it an ,e ome to t"an)fe" data f"om one loud to anothe"2 !"m,"u)t. 3ox. G"iffith. Go)eph. =at5. =on#in)4i. Lee. Patte")on. Ra,4in. %toi a. Haha"ia <-00/> on luded that the o)t)

CLOUD COMPUTING a))o iated #ith mo(ing la"ge amount) of data f"om one loud to the next an ,e p"ohi,iti(el* expen)i(e and time on)uming2 The autho") found that it #a) Cui 4e" and le)) expen)i(e to ph*)i all* ou"ie" exte"nal ha"d d"i(e) loaded #ith data than it #a) to

mo(e la"ge (olume) of data <multiple te"a,*te) #o"th> o(e" the inte"net2 The* dete"mined that the ,and#idth "eCui"ed to mo(e that mu h data o(e" the inte"net i) u""entl* not the"e2 Privacy Confidentiality ! final on e"n #ith loud omputing "e(ol(e) a"ound p"i(a * and onfidentialit*2 +* mo(ing data f"om an in)titution1) )e"(e") to a "emote )e"(e". the in)titution lo)e) )ome ont"ol o(e" the p"i(a * and onfidentialit* of that info"mation2 =at5 and Gandel <-010> ha(e noted that online ou")e) an no# ,e p"e)e"(ed in pe"petuit*. #hi h ma* ma4e )ome lea"ne") #a"* of exp"e))ing idea) o" opinion) 4no#ing that #hat the* )a* o" #"ite ma* ,e p"e)e"(ed fo"e(e"2 Thi) ould lead to )elf; en)o")hip. #hi h #ould ont"adi t the idea of edu ation ,eing an a"ena of f"ee )pee h and ne# idea)2 It al)o "ai)e) the i))ue of o#ne")hip 9 doe) the in)titution o#n the ideaI Doe) the )tudentI Doe) the ompan* p"o(iding the )e"(i eI 6hat #ould thi) do in an edu ational )etting. if )tudent) o" fa ult* #ould lo)e all o#ne")hip "ight) to the ompan* that "un) the loudI Popular !"amples of Cloud Computing %e(e"al loud;,a)ed appli ation) a"e u)eful to the edu ational )*)temA )ome of the mo"e p"ominent one) a"e ,logging )ite). #i4i). online #o"d p"o e))ing )ite). and (ideo )ha"ing )ite)2 The)e appli ation) a"e (alua,le to ,oth the =;1- edu ational )*)tem a) #ell

CLOUD COMPUTING

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a) po)t;)e onda"* in)titution)2 T#o of the mo"e appealing a)pe t) of the)e appli ation) i) that mo)t ha(e ,een de)igned to ,e intuiti(e to u)e. and man* of them a"e f"ee2 Blogs +logging i) one fo"m of loud omputing that ha) ente"ed the edu ational )*)tem <pa"ti ula"l* the =;1- )*)tem>2 +log) <a )ho"tened fo"m of web log> a"e a t*pe of online dia"* o" Eou"nal. and a"e t*pi all* u)ed a) a #a* to )elf;pu,li)h on the inte"net2 Do#ne) <-00'> maintain) that ,logging i) impo"tant to edu ation a) it en ou"age) )tudent) not Eu)t to #"ite. ,ut to "efle t on thei" #"iting and to p"odu e ,ette" #o"42 P"io" to the #ide)p"ead di))emination of loud omputing. ,logge") #ould ha(e to pe"iodi all* update a #e,page. #hi h #a) too te hni all* demanding fo" man* u)e")2 6ith the "i)e in loud omputing. ho#e(e". )e(e"al ho)ting )ite) #e"e "eated that ena,led u)e") to ea)il* "eate and maintain a ,log. a) mu h of the te hni al #o"4 had ,een eliminated2 !ll of the info"mation i) )to"ed online. on one of the ho)ting )ite)1 )e"(e")2 !fte" the)e thi"d;pa"t* )ite) <li4e 6o"dP"e)). +logge". and +log)te"> ,e ame a(aila,le. the num,e" of la))"oom) and tea he") that integ"ated ,logging into the u""i ulum )4*"o 4eted2 The)e )ite) ha(e ea)*;to;u)e )oft#a"e that ena,le) an*one #ith an inte"net onne tion to ,egin ,logging2 Wi#is 6i4i) a"e al)o ,e oming popula" in edu ation2 ! #i4i i) a olla,o"ati(e #e,)ite. #he"e an* num,e" of people a"e a,le to edit a page2 6i4ipedia ha) thou)and) of diffe"ent autho"). all of #hom a"e a,le to #"ite o" edit a do ument on the 6i4ipedia )ite2 6i4i) a"e Eu)t a) effe ti(e in edu ation. and )ite li4e P+#o"4) o" #i4i)pa e) allo# fo" ea)* olla,o"ation among )tudent). e(en )tudent) )epa"ated ,* (a)t di)tan e)2 The)e )ite)

CLOUD COMPUTING u)uall* ha(e an a))o"tment of #idget) that allo# u)e") to upload photo). (ideo). do ument). and file). ma4ing them pe"fe t fo" a))ignment) ontaining multimedia2 $oogle Docs

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%ite) li4e Google do ) and Hoho ena,le do ument) to ,e )to"ed online in)tead of on the u)e"1) ha"d d"i(e2 Thi) allo#) the u)e" to a e)) thei" do ument) e(e"*#he"e the"e i) an inte"net onne tion. and gi(e) them the f"eedom to #o"4 f"om an*#he"e2 !nothe" ,enefit of the)e fo"m) of loud omputing i) that the* gi(e multiple olla,o"ato") a e)) to do ument) at the )ame time 9 )e(e"al people in )e(e"al diffe"ent lo ation) an ,e #o"4ing on a )p"ead)heet. #o"d do ument. o" othe" appli ation in uni)on2 Thi) #ould not ,e po))i,le #ithout loud omputing. a) do ument) u)ed to ,e tethe"ed to the ompute" the* had ,een "eated on2 %ideo Sharing Unli4e )ome of the othe" loud omputing )tanda"d). (ideo )ha"ing ,enefit) the tea he" a) mu h a) the )tudent2 %ite) li4e JouTu,e EDU. Tea he"tu,e. and the =han ! adem* allo# fo" in)t"u tional (ideo) to ,e u)ed and di)pla*ed an*#he"e at an*time2 The tea he" doe) not need to #o""* a,out DKD). CD) o" malfun tioning (ideo pla*e") 9 the* )impl* log onto thei" JouTu,e hannel and )ele t a (ideo that the* ha(e )a(ed2 %tudent) a"e al)o a,le to upload (ideo) at home and then log onto one of the)e )ite) )o a) to )ha"e them #ith thei" la))mate). p"e(enting the 7fo"getting8 of home#o"42 Conclusion Cloud omputing ha) a num,e" of ,enefit). pa"ti ula"l* fo" ) hool di)t"i t) and po)t;)e onda"* in)titution)2 Co)t;)a(ing). in "ea)ed oppo"tunitie) fo" olla,o"ation. and ,ette" a e)) to info"mation a"e ,ut a fe# of the)e ,enefit)2 The"e a"e potential

CLOUD COMPUTING d"a#,a 4). ho#e(e". a) loud omputing i) )till in it) infan *2 P"o(ide") a"e Eo 4e*ing

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