Bibliography Primary Sources Bowly, Devereux, Jr. The Poorhouse: Subsidized Housing in Chicago, 18951976. 1978.

Condit, Carl W. Chicago, 191029: Building, Planning, and Urban Technology. 1973. Werner, M. R. Julius Rosenwald: The Life of a Practical Humanitarian. 1939. This source provided my group with a full understanding of subsidized housing during this time period. We were able to get vital information on our topic. We've learnned that many of the early chicagoans were in deep proverty and lived in overpopulated areas. This source gave us the evidence we need about public housing in Chicago during this time. The Chicago Daily Defender (Chicago, IL). "How white flight affected jobs." September 19, 1970, Big weekend edition. Martin, Louis. "How White Flight to Suburbia has Affected Jobs." Chicago Daily Defender (Big Weekend Edition) (1996-1973): 3. Sep19 1970. ProQuest. Web. 13 Feb. 2014 . This is about how white flight affected jobs. Industries and companies only wanted to hire whites. Many of the black jobs were short and the ones that were available were being occupied by white suburban men. Once these men fled to the suburbs they took over all the jobs and brought some with them. Chicago Defender (Chicago). "Spurn Suburbs, Feel Unwelcome." October 15, 1973, Daily edition. As blacks began to be able to affort better living conditions, they leaned to the suburbs. Yet it was not that easy. The whites in the suburban areas didnt want Blacks in their communities. They made Blacks feel unwelcomed by threatening them, harming them, and running them away. Chicago's Segregated Housing." Daily Defender (Daily Edition) (1956-1960): 10. May 10 1960. ProQuest. Web. 7 Feb. 2014 This source talks about segregated housing in Chicago. Many people may not know but Chicago is a very segregated city. Blacks were convined to the south side area, while whites were in primairly every other. The system of Chicago housing was set up to keep the poor blacks, well pretty much all blacks, in one area. "Chicago's Segregated Housing." Daily Defender (Daily Edition) (1956-1960): 10. May 10 1960. ProQuest. Web. 10 Feb. 2014

We also got from this source that many people did in fact live together at a point in time. There were probably 30% whites in a 80% occuplied housing unit. That shortly came to a close once whites and blacks open their eyes to the fact that they cant live among one another. "Chicago's Segregated Housing." Daily Defender (Daily Edition) (1956-1960), May 10, 1960, (accessed February 11, 2014). Criticizes Public Segregated Housing." Chicago Daily Defender (Daily Edition) (1960-1973), Apr 14, 1965, (accessed February 11, 2014 This source was basically talking about the critizism that segregated housing recieved. It was actually backwards becasue it would of been normal for them to go against it, but people were for it. Each indiviual group wanted to stay amoung theirm race and no one else. They didnt want to be by whites no matter if they were racist orn ot. They just felt more comfortable with their own. Fields, A. N. "'There's a Need for Restrictive Covenant.'" The Chicago Defender (Chicago, Il), November 20, 1948, National edition. This was about why certain people felt the need for covenants. They felt that people needed to be confined and not migrate elsewhere. Yet the true reason for covenants is because they were a place were the lower income families to live(Which were mainly African Americans). There in fact were low income whites but they werent forced to live in one set area. Hirsch, Arnold R. "Divided We Stand: White Unity and the Color Line at Midcentury." In Making the Second Ghetto, 190. N.p.: n.p., 1955. This primary source is speaking upon the reasoning for the ghetto being made. It pin points the reasoning why they were created. It also talks about how blacks were the ones confined to the ghetto. The reason that blacks were because they were very low in income and couldnt really afford to live elsewhere. "Housing Pattern." Chicago Defender (Daily Edition) (1973-1975), May 10, 1973, http://search.proquest.com/docview/493993732?accountid=135622 (accessed February 12, 2014). "IN CHICAGO AND ITS SUBURB." The Chicago Defender (Big Weekend Edition) (19051966): 4. Jun 28 1913. ProQuest. Web. 12 Feb. 2014 . This source provides us with information on Chicago during the time period and the formation of the suburban area. It talks about how the Chicago devoloped into this segregated city and how once the act of integration began. Once people began to settle together, city suburbs became a haven for racist whites.

McCLORY, ROBERT. "Raps Housing Plan." Chicago Defender (Daily Edition) (1973-1975), Jan 17, 1974, http://search.proquest.com/docview/494033981?accountid=135622 (accessed February 12, 2014). "Offers to Erase Housing Restrictions." Chicago Daily Defender (Daily Edition) (1960-1973): 4. Feb 19 1970. ProQuest. Web. 14 Feb. 2014 . This source was providing us with information on the end of restrictions in Chicago home ownership. Showed what people did to end restrictions. the things they gave up. Once covenants were disassembled by the courts, people made efforts to be together. But of course that didnt work. People still chose to be with the people they look like. Racists Harass 6 Negro Families in Suburb." The Chicago Defender (National edition) (19211967): 4. Dec 12 1964. ProQuest. Web. 12 Feb. 2014 . "Segregated Housing." Chicago Daily Defender (Daily Edition) (1960-1973): 13. Feb 17 1969. ProQuest. Web. 10 Feb. 2014 "Self-Segregated Blacks." Chicago Daily Defender (Daily Edition) (1960-1973): 19. Mar 25 1971. ProQuest. Web. 10 Feb. 2014. "Suburbs no Black Haven." Chicago Defender. http://search.proquest.com.covers.chipublib.org/hnpchicagodefender/docview/494423074 /abstract/2E4B0AF5A50F4B85PQ/1?accountid=135622. "Suburbs no Black Haven." Chicago Daily Defender (Daily Edition) (1960-1973): 3. Oct 20 1969. ProQuest. Web. 11 Feb. 2014 . "Walker Hits 'Redlining.'" Chicago Defender (Big Weekend Edition) (1973-1975): 2. May 04 1974. ProQuest. Web. 13 Feb. 2014 . A politican by the name of Walker spoke on redlining. He sturred up the storm about redlining. He gave reasoning why it wasnt needed. The man gave a full understanding about what redlinging is, its effects, and how it iterupts daily life. Red lining has to end. "What's the Answer to Housing?" Daily Defender (Daily Edition) (1956-1960), Dec 17, 1956, (accessed February 12, 2014). This primary source provides the answer to the housing crisis. People all were trying to branch into new profound communities, and the law was the thing that made it legally possible. Yet even after laws were passed people were still getting threatened, bullied, and feeling unwelcomed. With this in mind another reason people lived among their own was because of the pressure they faced moving into areas that they didnt agree with or really werent wanted.

Secondary Sources The Alantic Cities. Last modified November 1, 2013. Accessed February 18, 2014. http://m.theatlanticcities.com/neighborhoods/2013/11/mapping-60-years-white-flightbrain-drain-and-american-migration/7449/. This is a secondary source that talks about white-flight. In the source the author gives key points on the cause, effects, and outcome of white flight. She also includes graphics that show the areas that were occupied by specific ethnic groups. She distinctly states why people fled areas. "End Housing Bias, Says Sixteenth Essay Winner." The Chicago Defender (National Edition) (1921-1967), Feb 22, 1947, (accessed February 12, 2014). This source is about the end of restrictve housing issues. People were able to live amoung whom ever they wished to. There werent rules that had people convined to specific areas. Everyone was free to live wherever they want. Great Chicago Stories. Last modified August 13, 2007. Accessed February 18, 2014. http://greatchicagostories.com/neighborhood/story.php. This source was a story that showed the prejudice in Chicagos neighborhoods. It was a anonymous caller warning a family of a negro invasion. This just truly shows the ignorance in the communities at the time. People were trying to conserve their communities with their own. It really wasnt right but thats just how people were. This incident happened in Chicagos Hyde Park community. Hirsch, Arnold R. "Restrictive Covenants." In Encyclopedia of Chicago, edited by New Berry Library Electronic Encyclopedia of Chicago, Chicago: Chicago Historical Society, 2004. This is a primary source that tells what restrictive covenants were and their effects. Many people have a misconception of what covenants were but this source gives a clear explanation of them. Covenants were a system that held a specific group of people in one area by law. It forced people to live in poverty even after being able to move out. Saunders, Warner. "Chicago is the most Segregated City in the U. S." Chicago Daily Defender (Daily Edition) (1960-1973): 8. Mar 02 1971. ProQuest. Web. 7 Feb. 2014 Says Segregated Housing Leads to Other Bias IIIs." Daily Defender (Daily Edition) (19561960): 7. Feb 27 1958. ProQuest. Web. 10 Feb. 2014 . Weaver, Robert. "Racial Restrictive Covenants on Chicago South Side." In Electronic Encyclopedic of Chicago, 1.