Scientific Papers Series Management , Economic Engineering in Agriculture and Rural Development Vol.12, Issue 1, 2 12 ISS!

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EVOLUTION OF ROMANIAN AGRICULTURE IN THE PERIOD 20072010

Carina DOBRE 1, Adina IORGA 2, El na TOMA!, Al "andra MU#C$NE#CU%
1

'niversit( of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinar( Medicine, )uc*arest %+ Marasti, sector 1, 11#&#, )uc*arest, Romania, P*one, -# 21 .1" 2% &#/2.2, 0a1, - # 21.1" 2" "", E$mail, do2recarina3(a*oo.com

Corresponding author , dobrecarina@yahoo.com

Abstract This paper aims to predict the evolution of post-accession Romanian agriculture based on statistics provided by the National Institute of Statistics for 2007 and 2010 The evaluation performed allo!ed us to established the follo!ing "ey areas# increasing the efficiency of agriculture$ increasing labor productivity by 21 %&$ number of farms decreased by 1 '&( decrease in the area cultivated !ith cereals$ vineyards and orchards and a gro! in the area cultivated !ith industrial plants and vegetables( increase of crop production )e*cluding potatoes and grapes+( decrease of livestoc" and animal agricultural production obtained )e*cept goats and bee families+ In conclusion$ Romania,s agriculture after -oining the .uropean /nion has evolved generally positive compared to 2007$ due to improved climatic conditions in 2010 and less to the influence of the political and economic environment of the analy0ed period

Keywords& agriculture efficiency$ agricultural production$ cultivated area$ labour productivity

INTRODUCTION Romanian agriculture in t*e pre$accession period diminis*ed its contri2ution to t*e overall development of econom(, s*o4ing a lo4 economic efficienc( and significant differences from t*e ot*er mem2er states. E' accession in 2 5 started 4it* great e1pectations in restructuring t*e sector 2( implementing t*e 6ommon Agricultural Polic(, aiming to 2e an integration and an appropriation to t*e European agricultural model, even in t*e economic crisis. Alt*oug* 4it*out esta2lis*ing a direct connection 2et4een t*e evolution of agriculture and t*e 2enefits of mem2ers*ip, t*is paper aims to o2serve *o4 agriculture responded to political and economic c*anges in t*e period 2 5$ 2 11 and especiall( at *o4 Romanian

agriculture evolved after integration in t*e single European mar7et. MATERIAL AND METHOD In order to c*aracteri8e t*e evolution of Romanian agriculture 4e selected a 4ide range of indicators from t*e period 2 5$ 2 1 . 9*e data, collected from !ational Institute of Statistics, *ave 2een statisticall( processed and interpreted and a 2rief evaluation 4as created. RE#ULT# AND DI#CU##ION# A'ri()l*)r 'l+,al --i(i n(. :verall efficienc( in t*e agricultural sector can 2e outlined 2( anal(8ing resulting indicators 4*ic* are calculated 2( using t*e !ational Accounts !IS data, namel( t*e value of production, gross added value and value of intermediate consumption. Estimated
1

Scientific Papers Series Management , Economic Engineering in Agriculture and Rural Development Vol.12, Issue 1, 2 12 ISS! 1"##$%&#

calculations for 2 5$2 + ;9a2le 1< reveal an improvement in agricultural efficienc( s*o4n 2( t*e declining s*are of intermediate consumption in production value, =VA gro4t* in 1 >eu for intermediate consumption and =VA rate increase in production value as 4ell as t*e increase of la2or productivit( in agriculture. ?ig*er gro4t* in real value of t*e production value rat*er t*an t*at of increase in intermediate consumption s*o4s t*at farmers *ave 2een a2le to recover e1penses incurred on account to t*e intermediate consumption due to sold production t*erefore increasing t*e overall efficienc( in agriculture. It can 2e o2served t*at t*e economic crisis *as *ad a direct impact on agriculture, in 2 + ac*ieving a production value and gross added value of over 1 @ lo4er t*an in 2 ". 9a2le 1.Production, intermediate consumption and gross value added in Agriculture, *unting and forestr( / 2 5 and 2 1
Indi(a*+r0 Production Intermediate consumption =ross value added S*are of intermediate consumption in total production value S*are of =ross value added in total production value =ross value added reported on total Intermediate consumption >a2or productivit(, 2( emplo(ed person Emplo(ees Self$emplo(ed MU Mill lei Mill lei Mill lei @ @ #%.. @ "2.5 lei/ person t*ou t*ou "##".5 . #." 2%.1.+ "5.2 11#.2. # 2+2.1 2#5%.5 +1." 1 2& . . 1+ .2 2%5# $ 121.# &2.# 1 1.5 #&.& #5.+ $ 2007 %2+.%. 1 2"+&". " 2.+&&. . %#.5 20012 &5+#.. 1 .&. . & .1&#2. % %..# 20032 %+2#%. 5 . ""#. 1 2".&1. & %2.1 20034 2007 111.+ 1 &.& 11".. $

Indi(a*+r0 9otal 6rop production @ Animal production @ Agricultural services @ Aconstant prices of 2 5

2007 #55 2"52. & .2 1"2+2 .".. &"% 1.#

20102 %..#".+ .%++&.& &5.% 1&"+1.2 .1.5 #&1. .+

5201042007 111." 12%.. $ +2.. $ &5.. $

Aconstant prices of 2

5, !ational Accounts

In t*e period 2 5$2 1 t*e value in real terms of production increased to 11."@ mainl( due to increase in value of crop production 2( over 2%@, representing &5.%@ of all Romanian agricultural production. Animal production value *as 2een declining mainl( due to reduction of livestoc7, 4*ile t*e agricultural services sector decreased considera2l( ;over . @<. 9a2le 2. Agricultural 2ranc* production / 2 5 and 2 1 ;lei million constant prices<
2

A'ri()l*)ral -ar60 Bit* t*e accession preparation and integration process it 4as intended to reduce t*e num2er of su2sistence farms in favor of forming a via2le 2usiness sector and economic diversification in rural communities. 9*e small su2sistence farm sector 4as ver( strong and survived t*e structure of old rural *ouse*olds. )et4een 2 2$2 5 t*e num2er of farms under % *a fell 2( %&",# , 2ut t*e reduction 4as insufficient and it 4as especiall( due to t*e p*(sical disappearance of t*e o4ners and not as effect of surface concentration creating associative organi8ation forms. Alt*oug* after accession it 4as soug*t t*e furt*er reducing in t*eir num2er, t*e situation 4as reversed. 9*us, t*e num2er of farms increased 2( & , , 4*ile farms 4it* agricultural area 2et4een %$% *a decreased 2( 1#2 t*ousand, 4*ile t*ose 4it* more t*an % *ectares increased 2( a2out 5 . If 4e follo4 t*e evolution of farms in parallel 4it* t*e evolution of utili8ed agricultural area 4e emp*asi8e t*e main causes of t*is situation t*e reunion of propert( and in*eritance rig*ts, t*e inclusion of agricultural land into commercial c*annels or lease / purc*ase of land 2( agricultural companies. 9*e decrease in t*e num2er of farms and utili8ed agricultural area induced t*at in 2 1 t*e average si8e of a *olding to 2e of ..#% *a. 9*us, individual farms *ad in 2 1 an average territorial si8e of 1.+ *ectares, and units 4it* legal personalit( *ad 1""." *ectares, i.e. 1%@ and .2.+@ less t*an in 2 5. 9a2le .. Agricultural *oldings C 2 2 1
Indi(a*+r0 H+ldin'0 - *7+) $ Agricultural *oldings agricultural area D % *a S*are of total *oldings $ Agricultural *oldings 4it* 4it* 2007 !3!1 .%.1 "+." ."& 2010 !189 .%+1 +..1 2##

5 and
Varia*i+n 2007-2010 -78 & $ $1#2

Scientific Papers Series Management , Economic Engineering in Agriculture and Rural Development Vol.12, Issue 1, 2 12 ISS! 1"##$%&#
Indi(a*+r0 agricultural area %$D% *a S*are of total *oldings $ Agricultural *oldings 4it* agricultural area E F % *a S*are of total *oldings H+ldin'0 - *7+) $ Single *older *olding C t*ou $ >egal entit( or group *olding C t*ou U*ili: d a'ri()l*)ral ar a ;UAA< - *7+) 7a $ Single *older *olding $ t*ou *a $ >egal entit( or group *olding $ t*ou *a 2007 +." 1# .# !3!1 .+1# 15 1!78 ! "+&& #5"5 2010 &.. 21 .% !189 ."2% .1 1!23 1 5##% %"%. !?%8 1.+ 1""." Varia*i+n 2007-2010 $ 5 $ -78 $"+ 1# -%88 $1%21 1 && 31?905 "%. @ &5.1 @ Indi(a*+r0 9o2acco Medicinal and aromatic plants V ' *a,l 0 Gr n -+dd r -r+6 ara,l land B arin' =in .ard0 Fr)i* +r(7ard0 'ncultivated area MU @ @ @ @ @ @ t*ousand *a @ 2007 . .1 ... +.+ 2.# 2. 1&#&. 1 15.% 2010 . .2 ..# 1 .+ 2.. 1."& 1%+5. & 15. 520104 2007 1.&.# 21#.+ 1 ..5 11 ." +#.. +2." +5.1 $

S*are of uncultivated area in total ara2le area Source, 444.insse.ro, E'R:S9A9

A= ra' )*ili: d a'ri()l*)ral !?8 ar a > r 7+ldin' / 7a47+ldin' $ Average utili8ed agricultural area per Single *older *olding C 2.. *a/*olding $ Average utili8ed agricultural area per >egal entit( or group 2"1.& *olding C *a/*olding Source, Agricultural census, 444.insse.ro

C)l*i=a* d ar a 9*e cultivated area increased in 2 1 compared to 2 5 2( a2out . *ectares, occup(ing a2out ".@ of t*e countr(Gs ara2le land. An anal(sis of t*e cultivated area of 2 1 reveals t*e follo4ing aspects, &#.&@ is cultivated 4it* cereals ;25.5@ to 2&.+@ 4it* 4*eat and mai8e<, 1".1@ 4it* oil plants ;especiall( sunflo4er and rape<, 1 .+@ 4it* green fodder from ara2le land, ..#@ vegeta2les.

:rganic farming *as a lo4 importance, onl( 1. &@ of t*e cultivated area is represented 2( t*e land cultivated in organic s(stem. 9*e largest increases 4ere recorded for 2arle(, canola, to2acco, medicinal and aromatic plants, in part 2ecause of t*e implemented su2sidies s(stem and agricultural polic(. Due to t*e ver( good price for 4*eat in 2 5, and also to t*e national grant, t*e area cultivated 4it* 4*eat increased. Areas cultivated 4it* 4*eat and corn, occup( over % @ even 4*en declining 2( a2out 1@ of t*e area planted 4it* corn. Li= 0*+(@ In terms of livestoc7, e1cept for goats and 2ee families, in t*e period under revie4, t*eir decrease *ad continued. )ad 4eat*er conditions and increasing fodder prices led to massive slaug*ter of t*e animals. In several areas of Muntenia, Moldova and part of 9rans(lvania, farmers 4ere faced 4it* selling t*eir animals at a Huarter of t*e normal mar7et price, t*e most affected area is t*e sout* ;Ialomita, 6onstanta, DolI and :lt< 4*ere man( producers 4it* t4o or t*ree co4s sold t*eir animals at e1tremel( lo4 prices, or in man( cases t*e( 4ere 7illed. As a result, t*e 2reeding livestoc7 ;co4s, 2uffaloes and *eifers<, decreased significantl( 4it* over 2%@. 9a2le %. >ivestoc7 C 2
MU 6attle $6o4s, 2uffalo co4s and *eifers Pigs S*eep t*ou *eads t*ou *eads t*ou *eads t*ou *eads 2007 2"1+ 15.2 &%&% "#&+ 2010 2 1 12++ %#2" "#15

9a2le #. Agricultural cultivated area C 2 5 and 2 1

Indi(a*+r0 Ara2le area 6ultivated area :rganic crop area ;full( converted area< C r al0 -+r 'rain0 $ B*eat $ )arle( and t4o$ro4 2arle( $ Mai8e grains Dri d >)l0 0 R++* (r+>0 $ Potatoes $ Sugar 2eet Ind)0*rial (r+>0 $ :ilseed crops Sunflo4er Rape So(a 2eans $ :t*er industrial crops MU t*ou *ectares t*ou *ectares t*ou *ectares @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ 2007 +#2.. . 5555. 2 "#.& &&. 2%.# #.5 .2.% .& #.1 ..# .# 15.# 15.2 1 .5 #.5 1.5 .2 2010 +# %. 5" 5. # "2.+ &#.& 25.5 &.& 2&.+ .% ..& ..1 .. 1".. 1".1 1 .1 &.+ ." .. 520104 2007 ++." 1 .#

+".1 +".. 1 +.% 1#1." "..1 "&. "".2 + . 5&.5 1 %.& 1 %.2 +#.& 1#5.2 #". 1%#.1

5 and 2 1
5201 04 2007 51. 5%. "2.5 ++.#

Scientific Papers Series Management , Economic Engineering in Agriculture and Rural Development Vol.12, Issue 1, 2 12 ISS! 1"##$%&#
=oats ?orses Poultr( $Adult la(ing poultr( )ees 6attle Pigs S*eep and =oats Source, 444.insse.ro t*ou *eads t*ou *eads t*ou *eads t*ou *eads t*ou families *eads/1 *a *eads/1 *a *eads/1 *a "&% "&2 "2 .& #%2 " +"2 21.# 5%.5 5 .+ 12#1 &11 " "#% ##% # 125% 1#.& %+.. 5 .% 1#..% 5 .+ +".% +".# 12+." &".2 5".. ++.# MU 2007 live 4eig*t Poultr( $ live 4eig*t t*ou tonnes #1& 6o4 and 2uffalo t*ou *l mil7 %#"5% S*eep and goat mil7 t*ou *l &15. ?en eggs mill pcs &22& E1tracted *one( tonnes 1&5&5 0is* tonnes 1%1 & Source, 9empo$online, *ttps,//statistici.insse.ro 2010 ##& #2"2# &15 %+%1 22222 1%1"# 5 20104 2007 1 5.2 5". 1 . +%.& 1.2.% 1 .%

=oat population *as increased due to t*e support as complementar( national direct pa(ments ;6!DP< and increasing interest for goat c*eese dair( mar7et. V ' *al and ani6al >r+d)(*i+n Vegeta2le production in our countr( is *eavil( dependent on climatic conditions. 9*is situation affects t*e comparison of 2 1 to 2 5 as cultivated land and production in 2 5 4ere affected 2( droug*t. In t*is conte1t, t*e natural conclusion of t*e anal(sis, namel( t*e increased (ield per *ectare and total production for most crops ;e1cept potatoes and grapes< is inconclusive.
Evolution of animal production on t*e ot*er *and reveals a decrease in (ield per animal, including goat *erds 4*ere gro4t* 4as a2ove #.@.

A+r@-+r( in a'ri()l*)r In t*e case of agriculture, emplo(ment continued to decline during 2 5$2 1 , Iust as t*e civil population emplo(ed in agriculture ;all persons 4*o *eld an income generating social or economic activit( in agriculture<. :n t*e merits of t*is decline, 2ut also of production value gro4t* t*ere 4as seen an increase in la2or productivit( in t*e sector. Increased productivit( is muc* lo4er if t*e value of production related to t*e population emplo(ed in agriculture according to agricultural censuses. It increased 2( over 1 @, e1ceeding t*e (ear 2 1 figure of 5.# million people. 9a2le 5. >a2our productivit( in agriculture, forestr( and fis*ing
Indi(a*+r0 Production Value 6ivil emplo(ment Emplo(ees Persons occupied in agricultureAA MU Mill lei t*ou t*ou t*ou 2007 #55 2#&% 12% &#&" 20102 %..#".+ 2## +% 51%+ 5 20104 2007 111." +".+ 5&. 11 ,5

9a2le &. Vegetal and animal production C 2 5 and 2 1

MU 2007 V ' *al >r+d)(*i+n t*ou tonnes 711%?1 t*ou tonnes . ##.% t*ou tonnes %.1.# t*ou tonnes ."%..+ t*ou tonnes !9?2 t*ou tonnes ##&1.2 t*ou tonnes .512.# t*ou tonnes 5#"." t*ou tonnes 1 %&.& t*ou tonnes 1 #&.& t*ou tonnes %#&.+ t*ou tonnes .&1.% t*ou tonnes 1.&.1 t*ou tonnes 1 t*ou tonnes 1.1 t*ou tonnes 2.+ t*ou tonnes !119?1 t*ou tonnes 3882?7 t*ou tonnes 17!?2 t*ou tonnes 1018?1 t*ou tonnes .52.& t*ou tonnes #5%.# Ani6al >r+d)(*i+n t*ou tonnes ... t*ou tonnes &#2 11 2010 19712?3 %"11." 1.11 + #2 91?! #121." .2"..+ ".5.+ 2# 2.1 2.55.5 12&2.+ +#. 1#+.+ 2#.# . 1%." !19!?9 1!019 7%0?1 1%13?9 &2#.+ %%2.+ 2 % %%. 1 5 20104 2007 21..+ 1+ .+ 2#&.5 2.#.& 1&+.. +2.# "".% 111.+ 225.. 225.2 2. .+ 2& .+ 11 .1 2##. 252.5 %##." 12#. 1.&.. "#."
1!0?7 1&5.5 11&..

C r al -+r 'rain0 $ B*eat $ )arle( and t4o$ ro4 2arle( $ Mai8e grains Dri d >)l0 0 R++* (r+>0 $ Potatoes $ Sugar 2eet Ind)0*rial (r+>0 $ :ilseed crops Sunflo4er Rape So(a 2eans $ :t*er industrial crops 9o2acco Medicinal and aromatic plants V ' *a,l 0 Gr n -+dd r Gra> 0 Fr)i* - Plums - Apples )eef $ live 4eig*t Por7$ live 4eig*t Mutton and goat $

>a2or productivit( >ei/pers 1+.#. 21"&# 11.. 6ivil emplo(ment on >ei/pers ."1& %&1%&5 1#5.2 Emplo(ees on Persons occupied in >ei/pers 5.5% 5#%2 1 1, agricultureAA on Source, Romanian Statistical Jear2oo7, !ational Institute of Statistics Aconstant prices of 2 5 AA Agricultural census

&1.& "&.1 + .+

Scientific Papers Series Management , Economic Engineering in Agriculture and Rural Development Vol.12, Issue 1, 2 12 ISS! 1"##$%&#

CONCLU#ION# ROMANIAB# AGRICULTURE AFTER COINING THE EUROPEAN UNION HA# EVOLVED GENERALLD PO#ITIVE COMPARED TO 2007, ACTUALLD DUE TO IMPROVEMENT OF CLIMATIC CONDITION# IN 2010 AND LE## TO t*e INFLUENCE of POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT OF THE ANALDEED PERIOD. THU#, IN 2010 COMPARED TO 2007, leading indicators HAVE EVOLVED A# FOLLOA#& INCREA#ING LABOR PRODUCTIVITD BD 21?%@, t*e loss of AGRICULTURAL HOLDING# BD 1?3@ DECREA#E AREA CULTIVATED AITH CEREAL#, vine(ards AND ORCHARD# AND AN INCREA#E IN 9?E 6'>9IVA9I!= AREA OF INDU#TRIAL PLANT# ;especiall( HERB# AND AROMATIC PLANT#< AND VEGETABLE#K INCREA#E OF CROP PRODUCTION ;EFCLUDING POTATOE# AND GRAPE#<K DECREA#E OF LIVE#TOCG AND OBTAINED ANIMAL AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION ;EFCEPT FOR GOAT# AND BEE FAMILIE#<. REFERENCE#
L1M 1 1 1 $ Agricultural census in agriculture C 2 5, 2 1 and Romanian Statistical Jear2oo7, !ational Institute of Statistics L2M 1 1 1 $ 9empo$online, *ttps,//statistici.insse.ro