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tpidr;nrhy;ypd; tpsffKk; gFg;Gk;.

xU nghUspd; njhopiyf; Fwpf;Fk; nrhy;Yf;F tpidr;nrhy; vd;W ngau;.

mk;kh miof;fpwhs;.

ghg;gh tUfpwhs;.

vDk;

Fwpf;Fk;

njhlu;fspy;

mk;kh>

ghg;gh

vDk;

nrhw;fs;

capu;

cs;stu;fisf;

epyk; mjpu;e;jJ.
ePu; XLfpd;wJ.
vDk; njhlu;fspy; cs;s epyk;> ePu; vdgit capuw;w nghUl;fs;. MfNt

capu; nghUs; capuw;w nghUs; Mfpatw;wpd; njhopiyNa tpid vd;fpNwhk;.

nghUspd; mirT tpid vd RUf;fkhff; $wyhk;. ,t;tpidr; nrhw;fs; gy jdpj;Jtkhd
gd;Gfisf; nfhz;Ls;sJ.
1.

tpidr; nrhw;fs; Ntw;Wik cUG Vw;gjpy;iy :tpid vdg;gLtJ Ntw;Wik nfhs;shJ- njhy;fhg;gpad;

el> ele;jhd;>

ele;J> ele;j vDk; tpidfs; Ntw;Wik Vw;gjpy;iy.

ele;jhid vDk; goe;jkpo; tpid Ntw;Wik cUG Vw;Fk;. mt;thW
Vw;Fk; MghJ mjid tpidahsidAk; ngau; vd;gu;. ey;y> mofhd
ngauil> ed;whf> Ntfkhf tpidail> me;j> ,e;j Rl;lil vd;gd Ntw;Wik
cUG Vw;gjpy;iy vdNt Ntw;Wik Vw;fhj midj;Jr; nrhy;Yk; tpidr; nrhy;
vd;W $w KbahJ.

2.

tpidr; nrhy; nraiy czu;j;Jk;. :el> th> ,U> epy;vd;gd nraiyNa cdu;J fpd;wd.

kfpo;e;Njd; Nghd;w cs nraw;ghLfisAk; czu;j;Jk;.

3.

epidj;Njd;>

tpidr; nrhw;fs; Vty; nghUspy; tUk;:el> th> epy;> elq;fs;> ,Uq;fs; vd;gd Vty; nghUspy; ,lk;
ngw;Ws;sd.

4.

tpidr; nrhw;fs; fhyk; fhl;Ltd :ele;Njd;> elf;fpNwd;> elg;Ngd; Kjypa tpidfs; nray; epfo;e;j
fhyj;ij czu;j;Jfpd;wd.

5.

tpidr; nrhw;fs; tpidtpFjpfisg; ngw;W tUk;:jpiz> ghy;> vz;> ,l tpFjpfisg; ngw;W tUk;. Vd;> -Xk;> -Ma;>
-Md;> -Ms;

ngaNur;r tpidnar;r tpFjpfs;

tpaq;Nfhs; tpFjpfs;

-m> -f

-m> -ck;> -c> -,

Vty;

NkYs;s tpFjpfspy; xd;iwg; ngw;W

tUk;.
6.

tpidr; nrhw;fs; tpidailfisg; ngw;W tUk;:Ntfkhf Xbdhd;> nkJthf Xbdhd; ,t;thW tpidailfisgl ngw;W tUk;.
vdNt ,Jtiu Nehf;fpajpy; ,Ue;J Ntw;Wik cUG Vw;fhik> nraiy
czu;j;jy;> Vty; nghUspy; tUjy;> tpidtpFjpfisg; ngw;W tUjy;> fhyk;
fhl;Ljy;> tpidailfis Vw;W tUjy; Mfpa gd;Gfspy; xd;iwNah gytw;iwNah
nfhz;Ls;s xU nrhy;iy tpidr; nrhy; vdyhk;.

tpidr; nrhy;ypd; mikg;G : xU tpidr; nrhy; tpiab + ,ilepiy + tpFjp vd;w mikg;igf; nfhz;bUf;Fk;.
tpidab

fl;lhakhdJ.

,ilepiy

tpFjp

,Uf;fyhk;

,y;yhkYk;

,Uf;fyhk;.

my;yJ

mtw;wpy; xdW ,Uf;fhk;.

tpid

tpidab

,ilepiy

tpFjp

XL

XL

XLq;fs;

XL

q;fs;

Xbdhd;

XL

,d;

Md;

XLfpwhd;

XL

fpd;W

Xlhj

XL

Mj;

tpidr; nrhy;ypd; tiffs; :tpidr; nrhw;fspd; mikg;G> nghUs;> thf;fpaj;jpy; mtw;wpd; njhopw;ghL

Kjypa mbg;gilapy; gy tifahfg; gpupf;fyhk;. mit:

1. jdptid> $l;Ltid
2. njupepiy tpid> Fwpg;G tpid
3. Vty; tpid> tpaq;Nfhs;tpid
4. jd;tpid> gpwtpid
5.

nra;tpid> naw;ghl;L tpid

6.

nrag;gL nghUs; Fd;wpa tpid> nrag;gL nghUs; Fd;whtpid

7. cld;ghl;L tpid vjpu;kiw tpid

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Comparative Grammar of the Dravidian

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Ntw;Wik

cUG

nrhy;

ehd;

ehk;

vd;id

vk;ik

ek;ik

vq;fis

My;

vd;dhy;

vk;khy;

ek;khy;

vq;fshy;

vdf;F

vkf;F

ekf;F

vq;fSf;F

,d;

vd;dpd;

vk;kpd;

ek;kpd; vq;fspd;

mJ

vdJ

vkJ

ekJ

ehq;fs;

vq;fsJ

,,
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xUik
gd;ik

,we;j fhyk;
nra;Njd;
nra;Njhk;

epfo; fhyk;
nra;fpNwd;
nra;fpNwhk;

vjpu; fhyk;
nra;Ntd;
nra;Nthk;

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Ntw;Wik

cUG

nrhy;

eP

ePu;

ePq;fs;

cd;id

ck;ik

cq;fis

My;

cd;dhy;

ck;khy;

cq;fshy;

cdf;F

ckf;F

cq;fSf;F

,d;

cd;dpd;

ck;kpd;

cq;fspd;

mJ

cdJ

ckJ

cq;fsJ

,,
.

xUik
gd;ik (kupahij)
gd;ik

,we;j fhyk;
nra;jha;
nra;jPu;
nra;jPu;fs;

epfo; fhyk;
nra;fpwha;
nra;fpwPu;
nra;fpwPu;fs;

vjpu; fhyk;
nra;tha;
nra;tPu;
nra;tPu;fs;

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Ntw;Wik

cUG

nrhy;

mtd;

mts;

mtu;fs;

mJ

mit

mtid

mtis

mtu;fis

mij

mtw;iw

My;

mtdhy;

mtshy;

mtu;fshy

mjhy;

mtw;why;

mtDf;F

mtSf;F

mtu;fSf;F

mjw;F

mtw;Wf;F

,d;

mtdpd;

mtspd;

mtu;fspd;

mjdpd;

mtw;wpd;

mJ

mtdJ

mtsJ

mtu;fsJ

mjdJ

mtw;wpdJ

.

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xUik
xUik
gd;ik
xUik
gd;ik

ghy;
Mz;ghy;
ngz;ghy;
gyu;ghy;
xd;wd;ghy;
gytpd;ghy;

,we;j fhyk;
nra;jhd;
nra;jhs;
nra;jhu;fs;
nra;jJ
nra;jd

epfo; fhyk;
nra;fpwhd;
nra;fpwhs;
nra;fpwhu;fs;
nra;fpwJ
nra;fpd;wd

vjpu; fhyk;
nra;thd;
nra;ths;
nra;thu;fs;
nra;Ak;
nra;Ak;

,
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1 .
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19 .
1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

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11.
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15.
16.
17.
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- 290