Practical 1: Fuel Objective: Investigating the fractional distillation of Petroleum Materials/apparatus: Petoleum, anti-bumping granules (porcelain chips), filter

paper, retort stand, thermometer (-10 3 0 !"), distillition flas#, $iebig condenser, conical flas#, %ire gau&e, tripod stand, evaporating dish and 'unsen burner( A. Fractional distillation of Petroleum Procedure: 1( )he apparatus is set up as sho%n in *igure 1( +( )he petroleum in the distillition flas# is heated slo%l,( 3( )he first fraction of petroleum is collected at 30 -0 !"( .( /eating is continued and the distillation are collected in separate conical flas#s at different ranges of temperature at -0 1+0 !", 1+0 1 0 !" and 1 0 +00 !"( B. Characteristics of the various fractional 0( )he colour of each fraction is observed( ( )he viscosit, of the fractions is observed b, tilting the conical flas#( 1( *or each of the fractions, some of it is poured into an evaporating dish and heated( )he colour of the flame and soot produced are observed( -( )he observations is recorded( esults: *raction )emperature 2ange "olour 3iscosit, *lammabilit,

!uestions: 1( 4iscuss the flammabilit, of the fractions of petroleum( +( 4iscuss the relationship bet%een the boiling point of the fractions %ith the: a( colour of the fractions b( viscosit, of the fractions c( the amount of soot produced b, the fractions( 3( 5rite a balanced chemical e6uation to represent the combustion of gasoline ("-/1-)( .( )he incomplete combustion of gasoline results in emission of poisonous gasses such as carbon mono7ide and nitric o7ide( 5rite a balanced chemical e6uation to represent the incomplete combustion of gasoline ("-/1-)( 0( 5hat is biodiesel 8 ( 5hat is the advantages of using biodiesel compared to petroleum fuel(

Thermometer

Distillation flask Liebig condenser

Water out Petroleum Porcelain chips Water in Distillate

*igure 1: 9et-up of *ractional distillation