Khuyet tat vat uc c chia lam 7 nhom

NhomI : Sai hnh dang kch thc va trong lng Nhom II: Khuyet tat mat ngoai Nhom III: Nt Nhom IV: Lo hong trong vat uc Nhom V: Lan tap chat Nhom VI: Sai to chc Nhom VII: Sai thanh phan hoa hoc va c tnh

CHNG VI KHUYET TAT VAT UC

NhomI: Sai hnh dang kch thc va trong lng

1 - Thieu hut : Hnh dang vat uc khong ay u co nhieu nguyen nhan: Kim loai long thoat ra do lap, lng kim loai rot khong u. o chay loang thap nhiet o rot thap, rap khong kn, kep chat hay e khuon thieu lc. He thong thoat kh khong at yeu cau tao ap lc trong khuon tang len en mc kim loai long khong ien ay c. Kch thc he thong rot nho. Thanh vat uc long.

 2 - Lech: La s xe dch tng oi gia cac phan cua vat uc. Co the at mau sai, nh v mau khong tot, rap khuon thieu chnh xac va kep khuon long. 3 - Ba via : La phan kim loai tha ra. No thng hnh thanh mat phan khuon, goi loi.

 4 - Loi: La phan nho len tren vat uc do am chat khuon kem, khong ieu. Ap suat tinh cua kim loai long ep nen len phan dam chat yeu. 5 - Venh: La s thay oi hnh dang, kch thc vat uc do ket cau vat uc khong hp ly, khong am bao cng vng, do mau b cong venh, do cong nghe rot, lam nguoi khong hp ly hoac do ng suat ben trong vat uc khi ket tinh.

 6 - St :

Thao tac c hoc khi pha khuon, cac he thong rot, au ngot, lam sach hoac nhng va cham trong van chuyen lam st me vat uc dan en sau khac hnh dang, thieu hut kch thc vat uc . Sai kch thc trong lng : S sai lech kch thc va trong lng la do kch thc mau, hop loi kch thc mau, hop loi thiet ke sai, lap rap va kiem tra khuon khong can than.

Nhom II : Khuyet tat mat ngoai

1 Chay cat
Do vat vat lieu khuon loi b chay di tac dung cua nhiet o rot bam dnh len be mat vat uc lam giam trang thai be mat. * Nguyen nhan chay cat bao gom : - o ben nhiet cua hon hp kem, nhieu tap chat. - Nhiet o rot qua cao. - He thong rot thieu hp ly e kim loai tap trung cuc bo qua ln lam chay hon hp o. - Lp sn khuon khong am bao.

 2 Khp: La hien tng khong lien tuc tren be mat vat ac do s

tiep giap cac dong chay cua kim loai.
Rot thieu lien tuc. o chay loang kem, nhiet o rot thap. He thong rot khong hp ly.

* Nguyen nhan co the la:

3-Lom: La nhng lo co hnh dang, kch thc khac nhau lam giam chieu day thanh vat uc. * Nguyen nhan chnh la: Do khuon b v e lai lng hon hp chiem cho trong long khuon.

Nhom III. Nt
Nt la khuyet tat tng oi pho bien va nguy hiem oi vi vat uc. Nguyen nhan: Chu yeu do ng suat ben trong, do co giot khong ong eu gia cac vung khac nhau trong vat uc ca trong khi ket tinh va lam nguoi. Theo nhiet o tao nt, ta co hai loai chnh: Nt nong va nt nguoi.

 Nt nong : Sinh ra nhiet o cao do o ben mat vet nt b oxy hoa lam cho be mat khong sach. Loai nt nay sinh ra khi ket tinh. Nguyen nhan do kim loai b km ham bi o lun cua khuon va loi kem. Nhng hp kim co o co chieu dai nho t b mt nong. Nt nguoi: Nt nguoi xay ra nhiet o thap nen be mat vet nt sach do khong b oxy hoa.

Mot so bien phap khac phuc

+ Ket cau vat uc :

Thiet ke vat uc phai am bao chieu day thanh ong eu hoac ch sai lech trong pham vi cho phep. Nhng cho giao nhau phai co goc ln thch hp.
Bao am o lun cua khuon loi; bo tr he thong rot thch hp. Xng loi khuon at sat be mat loi lam giam tnh lun.

+ Ve mat cong nghe:

Nhom IV: Lo hong trong vat uc.

nhan bong cha kh co ap suat vi kch thc khac nhau o la ro kh. Ro kh lam mat kha nang lien tuc cua kim loai, lam giam o ben, o deo cua vat uc. Neu kh khong thoat ra ngoai c se b don nen va phan bo phan tan trong kim loai cho en khi ap suat kh can bang vi ap suat kim loai long. Nguyen tac chung la giam lng kh sinh ra khi nau chay va rot kim loai long vao khuon, ngan nga khong cho nguon tao kh tiep xuc vi kim loai long khi rot.V vay can phai am bao:

- Ro kh : Trong vat uc ton tai nhng khong gian dang cau

Bien phap khac phuc ro kh:

 Vat lieu nau sach, kho. Rut ngan thi gian nau chay, nhat la thi gian qua nhiet.

Hon hp khuon va loi phai thong kh tot. at au hi ung va hp ly. Kh kh trc khi rot bang cach thoi vao kim loai long nhng chat kh hoa tan co ap suat rieng nho hn. Tot nau chay kim loai trong chan khong.

 - Ro co : La nhng phan khong gian nho trong vat uc khong ien ay kim loai, khong cha kh, hnh dang kch thc khac nhau va khong nhan bong nh ro kh.Tuy theo tnh chat cua hp kim uc va ket cau vat uc ma ro co tap trung hoac phan tan. Nguyen nhan chu yeu la do ket cau vat uc khong hp ly, bo tr he thong rot, au ngot khong ung nen khong on c hng ong ac.

Nhom V: Lan tap chat.

o la nhng phan khong cha kim loai ma cha tap chat nh x, cat hoac cac phi kim khac. Nguyen nhan do loc x khong tot, khong kh het oxy khi nau, nhiet o rot thap, o ben cua khuon kem, he thong rot thieu hp ly.

Nhom VI: Sai to c c

Nhom nay co to chc kim loai, hnh dang, kch thc va so lng hat kim loai khong ung theo yeu cau. Nhng phan vat uc nguoi nhanh th hat nho, o cng ln kho gia cong cat got. Toc o nguoi khong eu, khong che nguoi khong hp ly se gay ra thien tch ve thanh phan hoa hoc va thien tch to chc trong kim loai vat uc.

Nhom VII : Sai thanh phan hoa hoc va c tnh.

Thanh phan hoa hoc sai vi yeu cau la do me lieu a vao tnh toan sai. ieu nay dan en sai lech ca ly hoa tnh, c tnh vat uc.

KET THUC CHNG VI

Quay ve chng VI