AdvancedProgrammingLanguages:Structure

STRUCTURE

Astructureisagroupofelementswhichareofdifferenttype.Eachoftheelementsisidentified
byitsownidentifierandtheyarecalledmember.

A structure can be thought of as an object without any member functions. The important
propertyofstructuresisthatthedatainastructurecanbeacollectionofdataitemsofdiversetypes.

SourceCode:

Output:

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AdvancedProgrammingLanguages:Structure

Astructurevariablecanholdvaluesjustlikeanyothervariablecan.Astructurevalueisacollectionof
smallervaluescalledmembervalues.

SourceCode:
Output:

#include<iostream>
usingnamespacestd;

structStudent{

intid;

charname[30];

doublegrade;
};

voidnewLine();

intmain()
{

Studentstud;

cout<<"Enterstudentrecords:\n";

cout<<"ID:";

cin>>stud.id;

newLine();

cout<<"Name:";

cin.getline(stud.name,29);

cout<<"Grades:";

cin>>stud.grade;

cout<<"\n\n";

cout<<"Displaystudentrecords\n";

cout<<"ID:"<<stud.id<<endl;

cout<<"Name:"<<stud.name<<endl;

cout<<"Grades:"<<stud.grade<<endl;

system("pause>0");

return0;
}

voidnewLine()
{

chars;

do{cin.get(s);}while(s!='\n');
}

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AdvancedProgrammingLanguages:Structure

ArraysofStructure

SourceCode:

#include<iostream>
#include<iomanip>
usingnamespacestd;

structitem{

intid;

charname[50];

doubleprice;
};

voidnewLine();

intmain()
{

itemitm[5];

inti;

cout<<"ENTER5ITEMS:\n";

for(i=0;i<5;i++)

cout<<"\nITEM"<<(i+1)<<endl;

cout<<"ID:";

cin>>itm[i].id;

newLine();

cout<<"Name:";

cin.getline(itm[i].name,49);

cout<<"Price:";

cin>>itm[i].price;

cout<<setw(10)<<"Item#"

<<setw(16)<<"ItemCode"

<<setw(30)<<"Name"

<<setw(10)<<"Price";

cout.setf(ios::fixed);

cout.setf(ios::showpoint);

cout.precision(2);

for(i=0;i<5;i++)

cout<<endl;

cout<<setw(10)<<i+1

<<setw(16)<<itm[i].id

<<setw(30)<<itm[i].name

<<setw(10)<<itm[i].price;

system("pause>0");

return0;
}

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AdvancedProgrammingLanguages:Structure

voidnewLine()
{

chars;

do{cin.get(s);}while(s!='\n');
}

Output:

StructuresandFunctions

SourceCode:

#include<iostream>
usingnamespacestd;

structItemRec
{

intid;

charname[50];

doubleprice;
}item;

voidinputItem();
voiddisplayItem();
voidnewLine();

intmain()
{

cout<<"EnterItemInformation\n";

inputItem();

displayItem();

system("pause>0");

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Output:

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AdvancedProgrammingLanguages:Structure

return0;
}

voidinputItem()
{

cout<<"ID:";

cin>>item.id;

newLine();

cout<<"Name:";

cin.getline(item.name,49);

cout<<"Price:";

cin>>item.price;
}

voiddisplayItem()
{

cout<<"\n\nItemInformation:\n";

cout<<"ID:"<<item.id<<endl;

cout<<"Name:"<<item.name<<endl;

cout<<"Price:"<<item.price<<endl;
}

voidnewLine()
{

chars;

do{cin.get(s);}while(s!='\n');
}

InitializationofStructure

SourceCode:

#include<iostream>
usingnamespacestd;

structemployeeRecord
{

intid;

charname[50];

doublesalary;
};

intmain()
{

employeeRecordemp={101,"JuanDelaCruz",15000.0};

cout<<"EMPLOYEERECORD\n";

cout<<"ID:"<<emp.id<<endl;

cout<<"Name:"<<emp.name<<endl;

cout<<"Salary:"<<emp.salary<<endl;

cout<<"\n\nEnternewsalary:";

cin>>emp.salary;

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AdvancedProgrammingLanguages:Structure

cout<<endl;
cout<<"EMPLOYEENEWRECORD\n";
cout<<"ID:"<<emp.id<<endl;
cout<<"Name:"<<emp.name<<endl;
cout<<"Salary:"<<emp.salary<<endl;
system("pause>0");
return0;

Output:

StructuresandPointers

SourceCode:

#include<iostream>
usingnamespacestd;

structEmployeeRec{

intid;

charname[50];

charaddress[100];

charcontactNo[15];

doublesalary;
};

voidnewLine();

intmain()
{

EmployeeRec*emp;

emp=newEmployeeRec;

cout<<"Enteremployee'srecord:\n";

cout<<"ID:";

cin>>emp>id;

newLine();

cout<<"Name:";

cin.getline(emp>name,49);

cout<<"Address:";

cin.getline(emp>address,99);

cout<<"ContactNumber:";

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AdvancedProgrammingLanguages:Structure

cin.getline(emp>contactNo,14);

cout<<"Salary:";

cin>>emp>salary;

cout<<endl;

cout<<"EmployeeInformation\n";

cout<<"ID:"<<emp>id<<endl;

cout<<"Name:"<<emp>name<<endl;

cout<<"Address:"<<emp>address<<endl;

cout<<"ContactNumber:"<<emp>contactNo<<endl;

cout<<"Salary:"<<emp>salary;

system("pause>0");

return0;
}

voidnewLine()
{

chars;

do{cin.get(s);}while(s!='\n');
}

Output:

PassingStructurestoFunctions

SourceCode:

#include<iostream>
#include<string>
#include<iomanip>
usingnamespacestd;

structstudRecord{

intid;

charname[50];

doublegrades;
};

voidnewLine();

voidshowStudRecord(studRecordstud);

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Output:

Case1:

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AdvancedProgrammingLanguages:Structure

intmain()
{

studRecords;

cout<<"EnterStudentRecord:\n";

cout<<"ID:";

cin>>s.id;

newLine();

cout<<"Name:";

cin.getline(s.name,49);

cout<<"Grades:";

cin>>s.grades;

cout<<endl;

showStudRecord(s);

system("pause>0");

return0;
}

voidshowStudRecord(studRecordstud)
{

cout<<"StudentRecord\n";

cout<<"ID:"<<stud.id<<endl;

cout<<"Name:"<<stud.name<<endl;

cout<<"Grades:"<<stud.name<<endl;

if(stud.grades<75)

cout<<"Remarks:FAILED";

else

cout<<"Remarks:PASSED";
}

voidnewLine()
{

chars;

do{cin.get(s);}while(s!='\n');
}

Case2:

SourceCode:

#include<iostream>
usingnamespacestd;

//CertificateofDepositAccountStructure
structCDAccount{

doublebalance;

doubleinterestRate;

intterm;
};

CDAccountdoubleInterest(CDAccountoldAccount);

voidaccountBalance(CDAccount&_account);

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intmain()
{

CDAccountaccount;

cout<<"Enteraccountbalance:PhP";

cin>>account.balance;

cout<<"Enteraccountinterest:";

cin>>account.interestRate;

cout<<"Enterthenumberofmonthsuntilmaturity:";

cin>>account.term;

accountBalance(account);

cout<<"\nOldAccount\n"

<<"WhenyourCDmaturesin\n"

<<account.term<<"months,\n"

<<"itwillhaveabalanceofPhP"

<<account.balance<<endl;

CDAccountaccountNew;

accountNew=doubleInterest(account);

accountBalance(accountNew);

cout<<"\nNewAccount\n"

<<"WhenyourCDmaturesin"

<<accountNew.term<<"months,\n"

<<"itwillhaveabalanceofPhP"

<<accountNew.balance<<endl;

system("pause>0");

return0;
}

voidaccountBalance(CDAccount&_account)
{

doublerateFraction,interest;

rateFraction=_account.interestRate/100.0;

interest=_account.balance*(rateFraction*(_account.term/12.0));

_account.balance=_account.balance+interest;
}

CDAccountdoubleInterest(CDAccountoldAccount)
{

CDAccounttemp;

temp=oldAccount;

temp.interestRate=2*oldAccount.interestRate;

returntemp;
}

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AdvancedProgrammingLanguages:Structure

Output:

StructureDeclaredinaStructure

Declaration1

SourceCode

Declaration2

#include<iostream>
#include<string>
usingnamespacestd;

structStudent_Details{

charstudentName[50];

intage;

struct{

chartitle[50];

doubleprice;

}Book_Bought;
};

voidnewLine();

intmain()
{

Student_Detailssd;

cout<<"ENTERTHEFOLLOWINGINFORMATION:\n";

cout<<"Name:";

cin.getline(sd.studentName,49);

cout<<"Age:";

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AdvancedProgrammingLanguages:Structure

cin>>sd.age;

newLine();

cout<<"BookTitle:";

cin.getline(sd.Book_Bought.title,49);

cout<<"BookPrice:";

cin>>sd.Book_Bought.price;

cout<<"\n\n";

cout<<"INFORMATIONDETAILS:\n";

cout<<sd.studentName<<endl;

cout<<sd.age<<endl;

cout<<sd.Book_Bought.title<<endl;

cout<<sd.Book_Bought.price<<"Pesos"<<endl;

system("pause>0");

return0;
}

voidnewLine()
{

chars;

do{cin.get(s);}while(s!='\n');
}

Output:

SourceCode:

#include<iostream>
usingnamespacestd;

structStudentInfo{

intid;

struct{

charlastName[30];

charfirstName[30];

}name;

struct{

intday;

intmonth;

intyear;

}birthDay;

charaddress[50];

charcontactNo[15];
};

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AdvancedProgrammingLanguages:Structure

voidnewLine();

intmain()
{

StudentInfostud;

cout<<"Enterstudentinformation\n";

cout<<"ID:";

cin>>stud.id;

newLine();

cout<<"FirstName:";

cin.getline(stud.name.firstName,29);

cout<<"LastName:";

cin.getline(stud.name.lastName,29);

cout<<"Address:";

cin.getline(stud.address,49);

cout<<"DateofBirth:\n";

cout<<"Month:";

cin>>stud.birthDay.month;

cout<<"Day:";

cin>>stud.birthDay.day;

cout<<"Year:";

cin>>stud.birthDay.year;

cout<<"ContactNumber:";

cin>>stud.contactNo;

cout<<"\nDisplayStudentInformation\n";

cout<<"ID:"<<stud.id<<endl;

cout<<"Name:"<<stud.name.lastName<<","
<<stud.name.firstName<<endl;

cout<<"Address:"<<stud.address<<endl;

cout<<"BirthDay:"

<<stud.birthDay.month<<"/"

<<stud.birthDay.day<<"/"

<<stud.birthDay.year<<endl;

cout<<"ContactNumber:"<<stud.contactNo<<endl;

system("pause>0");

return0;
}

voidnewLine()
{

chars;

do{cin.get(s);}while(s!='\n');
}

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AdvancedProgrammingLanguages:Structure

Output:

Structure:DynamicMemoryAllocation

SourceCode:

#include<iostream>
usingnamespacestd;
structItem
{

intcode;

charname[50];

doubleprice;
};

voiddisplayItem(Item*_itm);
voidnewLine();

intmain()
{

Item*itm;

itm=newItem;

cout<<"EnterItemInformation:\n";

cout<<"Code:";

cin>>itm>code;

newLine();

cout<<"Name:";

cin.getline(itm>name,49);

cout<<"Price:";

cin>>itm>price;

displayItem(itm);

system("pause>0");

return0;
}

voiddisplayItem(Item*_itm)
{

cout<<"\n\nDisplayItemInformation:\n";

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AdvancedProgrammingLanguages:Structure

cout<<"Code:"<<_itm>code<<endl;

cout<<"Name:"<<_itm>name<<endl;

cout<<"Price:"<<_itm>price<<endl;
}

voidnewLine()
{

chars;

do{cin.get(s);}while(s!='\n');
}

Output:

SourceCode:

#include<iostream>
#include<iomanip>
usingnamespacestd;

structSubject{

charcode[10];

chardescription[50];

floatunits;
};

voidnewLine();

intmain()
{

intnoOfSubject;

cout<<"Howmanysubjectsdoyouwanttoenter?";

cin>>noOfSubject;

newLine();

Subject*subj=newSubject[noOfSubject];

for(inti=0;i<noOfSubject;i++)

cout<<"Entersubject"<<i+1<<endl;

cout<<"Code:";

cin.getline(subj>code,9);

cout<<"Description:";

cin.getline(subj>description,49);

cout<<"Unit(s):";

cin>>subj>units;

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AdvancedProgrammingLanguages:Structure

newLine();

subj++;

subj=noOfSubject;

cout<<"\n\nListofSubjects\n";

cout<<setw(10)<<"Code"
<<setw(40)<<"Description"
<<setw(10)<<"Units";

cout<<endl;

for(inti=0;i<noOfSubject;i++)

cout<<setw(10)<<subj>code

<<setw(40)<<subj>description

<<setw(10)<<subj>units<<endl;

subj++;

system("pause>0");

return0;
}

voidnewLine()
{

chars;

do{cin.get(s);}while(s!='\n');
}

Output:

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