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Pimsleur Companion Mandarin I
Pimsleur Companion Mandarin I
Chinese Companion I a pronunciation and character guide to Pimsleurs Mandarin Chinese I by Carl T. Limsico Edited by Lin Jin Ren Cover Picture by Carol Yang 2003 CRL Software. All rights reserved. Transcripts are copyright of Simon and Schuster Audio, a division of Simon & Schuster, Inc. Published by CRL Software 900 King Drive Suite #123 Daly City, CA, 94015 USA While every precaution has been taken in the prepartion of this book, the publisher assumes no responsibility for errors or omissions, or for the damages resulting form the use of the inforrmation contained herein. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the author. ISBN 0-97441-050-0
Contents
Contents ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 Introduction ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2 I. Why Learn Mandarin? ------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 II. Why Use The Pimsleur System? ------------------------------------------------------ 2 III. Is The Pimsleur System Enough?----------------------------------------------------- 2 IV. Enter The Companion ------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 About The Companion -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3 I. Organization ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3 II. Using The Companion------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 III. Conventions Used----------------------------------------------------------------------- 4 Chinese Writing ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5 I. History of Chinese Writing------------------------------------------------------------- 5 II. Chinese Writing Examples ------------------------------------------------------------- 5 Pinyin Romanization System ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7 I. Origin of Pinyin-------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7 II. Elements of Pinyin ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 7 III. Initial Sounds---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8 IV. Final Sounds ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 10 V. Tones ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 12 VI. Pronunciation Rules -------------------------------------------------------------------- 13 Unit Transcripts Unit 11-1 Unit 16 16-1 Unit 22-1 Unit 17 17-1 Unit 33-1 Unit 18 18-1 Unit 44-1 Unit 19 19-1 Unit 55-1 Unit 20 20-1 Unit 66-1 Unit 21 21-1 Unit 77-1 Unit 22 22-1 Unit 88-1 Unit 23 23-1 Unit 99-1 Unit 24 24-1 Unit 10 10-1 Unit 25 25-1 Unit 11 11-1 Unit 26 26-1 Unit 12 12-1 Unit 27 27-1 Unit 13 13-1 Unit 28 28-1 Unit 14 14-1 Unit 29 29-1 Unit 15 15-1 Unit 30 30-1 Glossary------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- A-1 I. Vocabulary Words ---------------------------------------------------------------------- A-1 II. Particles ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- A-7 III. Phrases ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- A-7 Locations --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- A-8 IV. V. Numbers --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- A-9 VI. Measure Words-------------------------------------------------------------------------- A-10 VII. Common Chinese Names -------------------------------------------------------------- A-10
Introduction
I. Why Learn Mandarin? N ho!
Over two-thirds of one billion people in China and millions more in Asia and North America, greet each other with the phrase above. Wouldnt you feel left behind, if you were excluded from this rather large club? In todays world, it is essential to be able to communicate with such a large number of people. The phrase above is Mandarin Chinese for Hello. Mandarin is spoken by more people than any other language in the world, English included. Most non-English speakers are trying to learn English. If you already know English, shouldnt you be learning Mandarin as your next language? There are many reasons for studying Mandarin. It could be to improve your marketability, speak with friends, to order in a restaurant, to travel to China or just for your own personal growth. Whatever your reasons, learning Mandarin is a long and challenging, but ultimately rewarding endeavor.
Chinese Writing
This section briefly describets the two main types of Chinese writing.
Unit Transcripts
The transcripts of all the units from 1 to 30 of Pimsleur Mandarin Chinese I are placed here. Each unit contains a list of new vocabulary words, followed by the transcript itself. The transcript includes: Narration and instructions (in English and Pinyin) Pinyin conversations with translation into English, Simplified and Traditional Chinese Highlighted new words Highlighted pronunciation guides Minute indicators
Glossary
The glossary contains all the vocabulary words in Pimsleur Mandarin Chinese I. Each word is categorized alphabetically in English and includes the following information: English word/Description Type (part of speech) Pinyin Traditional Chinese Simplified Chinese Unit Number In addition to the vocabulary words, there are separate lists of Chinese phrases, places, numbers and names.
Conversation Format
The instructions are given in English or Pinyin on the left hand column and the response that you need to give is on the right hand column. Pinyin/English Instructions Pinyin Response Each line of the conversations include the English translation, the simplified Chinese writing and the traditional Chinese writing. Simplified Chinese Pinyin English Traditional Chinese
Symbols Used Indicates a section where PMC shows how to pronounce a specific word.
03:00
Located on the right hand side, these indicators show the location of the current text in minutes and seconds as they correspond to, in the audio.
Chinese Writing
I. History of Chinese Writing
The Chinese writing system was invented in the 2nd millennium BC. It was codified in 1500 BC and then systemized between 200 BC and 200 AD. It remains in use to this day. It is the writing, instead of the language that unifies China. Although the dialects around the country are completely different, the writing is exactly the same. Credit goes mainly to the first emperor of China, Qin Shi Huang Di () who made a decree that there be a single Chinese script, now referred to as Traditional Chinese. Before his time, China was a patchwork of people of diverse dialects and writing systems. It was very difficult to communicate with people from different parts of the country. Wanting to unify in his country, the first emperor declared a single standard writing system. After his declaration, all Chinese citizens would now be able to communicate with each other through a common script. Traditional characters are the most widespread Chinese writing style. These characters evolved naturally from their original pictograph forms, but has remained unchanged for a long time. They are used in most Chinese communities outside of China, including Taiwan, The United States, Canada and anywhere else you might find a Chinatown. During the 1950s, a new script using simplified Chinese character was introduced. They are based on traditional Chinese characters, but contains characters with a reduced number of strokes. Simplified characters were developed to make Chinese writing easier to learn, read, write and memorize. They are used in almost all parts of Mainland China and are gaining favor in countries like Singapore and most American universities.
meaning
electric bright star
Second character hu bi q
meaning
talk white phase
Combined Meaning
telephone to understand week
Let us now look at the writing itself. If we wanted to write the following English sentence:
Note that the Simplified version contains fewer strokes, but is generally very similar to the Traditional version. Regardless of what version is used, Chinese writing is not phonetic. There still needs to be a way to help pronounce this characters. The Pinyin Romanization was developed to address this. Our example above would be written as the following in Pinyin:
Table 2 - Initial sounds that are slightly different than those in English
English Sound Example ts as in sits ch as in change similar to sh but with mouth wider apart sie in sieve j as in jeans
Chinese Examples cng (/from) ci (/food) q (/to go) qin (/money) xi (/to thank) xio (/small) zhng (/middle) zh (/to live)
iang uang
iong uai
iao
English Sound Example uh in duh ey in hey un in under or hun (as in Atilla) ung in sung
Table 6 Final Sounds (e)
English Sound Example ir in fir i is silent ee in bee yah yeah oh in in gin ing in thing yen
10
Chinese Example ch (/to eat) z (/word) x (/west) ji (/home) xi (/thank) li (/six) jn (/enter) mng (/name) qin (/money)
English Sound Example ew in chew hwa ey in whey hwo oon in boon one wong why
Table 9 Final Sounds (u)
Chinese Example q (/to go) hu (/flower) du (/correct) zu (/to sit) chn (/spring) yun (/far) hung (/yellow) kui (/fast)
Final Sound e
English Sound Example rue with lips pursed like above, but with an eh ending
Table 10 Final Sounds ()
Final Sound er
11
V. Tones
In Mandarin, even more important than pronouncing the initial and final sounds accurately is pronouncing the tones correctly. This is because pronouncing a word with the wrong intonation results in different meanings. Notice the change in meaning of some syllables with different tones:
Table 12 - Changes in Tones changes the meaning As seen from the examples above, there are four tones in Mandarin, plus the neutral tone.
Description
1 2 3 4 First tone Second tone Third tone Fourth tone Neutral tone high level tone rising tone falling/rising tone falling tone no change in tone
Tone