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CCH GII RUBIKS CUBE
(Full version, update on 1/05/2012)
Ngun: Internet
Bin son li: chauhuuson@gmail.com

I. Gii thiu:
Khi lp phng Rubik (Khi Rubik hay n gin l Rubik) l mt tr
chi gii c hc c pht minh vo nm 1974 bi gio s kin trc, iu
khc gia ngi Hungary Ern Rubik. Cc tn gi sai thng gp ca tr chi
ny l Rubix, Rubic v Rubick.
Mi mt ca phin bn chun c 9 vung v c sn ph mt trong su
mu khc nhau, thng thng l trng, , vng, cam, xanh l cy v xanh
dng. Bi ton bt u bng vic xo trn tt c v tr cc vung mi
mt, tc l cc mu sc xen k nhau. Bi ton ch c gii quyt khi m mi
mt ca khi l mt mu u n.
C th ni khi Rubik l mt trong nhng loi chi bn chy nht th gii.
Ring trong nm 2005, c khong 300.000.000 khi Rubik c bn ra.
Phn loi:
Rubik hin i thng lm bng cht do, c bn phin bn chnh l: 222
("Khi b ti"), 333 (Khi tiu chun), 444 ("Rubik bo th") v 555
("Khi dnh cho gio s"). Gn y cc khi ln hn xut hin trn th
trng nh khi 666 v 777 (V-Cube 6 v V-Cube 7)...
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Cc phin bn Rubik:
T tri qua: Rubik bo th, Rubik tiu chun, Khi dnh cho gio s
v Khi b ti
T khi Rubik tiu chun, ngi ta to ra cc khi c dng hnh hc khc
nh t din (Pyraminx), bt din (Skewb Diamond), khi 12 mt (Megaminx)
v khi 20 mt (Dogic); hoc cc khi khng lp phng nh 234, 335,
123. Thm ch hin nay vi my tnh, ngi ta c th m phng cc
khi Rubik trong khng gian n chiu m bnh thng khng th to ra ngoi
thc t.
C ch:
Khi Rubik tiu chun c chiu di mi cnh 5,7 cm, c to thnh t 26
khi nh hn. Phn gia ca mi mt trong 6 mt ch l mt hnh vung gn
vi cc c ch khung lm li, ng vai tr khung sn cho cch mnh khc
da vo v xoay quanh. Khi Rubik c th c tho ra d dng, thng
bng cch xoay mt mt 45 v lc mt khi cnh cho ti khi n ri ra. Tnh
cht ny thng c dng "gii" khi Rubik.
II. Hng dn chi rubik:

Qui c:
_ Rubik c 6 mt: Trn (U), Di (D), Trc (F), Sau (B), Tri (L), Phi (R)
(mt U quay ln trn v trong sut qu trnh xoay n lun trn khng thay
i). Ngoi ra, nhn xt rng, cc cp mu i nhau nh sau: white yellow,
green blue, red - orange.
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_ Gc l hnh lp phng nh c 3 mu c th hin.
_ Cnh l hnh lp phng nh c 2 mu c th hin.
_ Tm l hnh lp phng nh c 1 mu c th hin ( gia mi mt).

_ U,D,F,B,R,L l xoay mt tng ng 90
0
theo chiu kim ng h;
U,D,F,B,R,L l xoay mt tng ng 90
0
theo chiu ngc kim ng h;
U2,D2,F2,B2,R2,L2 l xoay mt tng ng 180
0

(Lu : khi gp cng thc B tc l xoay mt B 90 theo chiu kim ng h
th ta phi mt B hng v pha mnh ri mi xoay 90 theo chiu kim
ng h. Cc mt khc cng tng t)

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GC NG V TR l hnh lp phng nh 1 gc no c 3 mu ging vi
3 mu trung tm. C th ng th t mu hay khng cng c, khng quan
trng.

Cch gii rubik chun 3x3x3
Bc 1: Lm ng mu tng 1.

Bc 2: Lm ng mu 4 khi cnh tng gia.
_ Tm 1 "cnh" tng 3 tho iu kin nh hnh v ngha l mt tng 3
trng mu vi tm, mt di trng mu vi tm k bn a n vo ng
v tr.
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rubik nh hnh, xoay: D R D R D F D F
(Lm ngc li nu mu di y bn tri)

_ Gp trng hp c bit sau th lm cng thc 1 ln vin cnh red-
blue xung di ri la chn v lm cng thc 1 ln na.

Hon thnh tng 2:

Bc 3: Lm ch thp mt D. C 3 trng hp:
TH1:
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xoay R D B D B R

TH2:
xoay R B D B D R

TH3:
xoay theo cng thc TH1 s ra TH2 ri lm tip
Hon thnh ch thp mt D
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Bc 4: Lm ng v tr ri ng mu 4 cnh tng di.
_ Xoay ti xoay lui s c 2 cnh ng lin tc nhau hoc i din nhau.
TH1: Lin tc
cng thc: R D D R D R D R D
Lt mt sau thnh mt trc (t mt F l mu xanh l cy) xoay theo cng
thc bn cnh
TH2: i din
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cng thc: R D D R D R D R D
a mt (mt R) ra lm mt F, xoay theo cng thc bn cnh s ra TH1

Bc 5: a 4 gc v ng v tr v ng mu.
Nh 2 cng thc:
Cng thc ch U: R D R D L D R D R L
Cng thc 6 mt: (R D D R D R D R) (L D D L D L D L)
Thc hin:
_ Tm t nht 1 gc ng v tr

(Lu : Lc ny do cc cnh ng mu nn khng c xoay mt D tm
gc ng v tr m ch cm c cc rubic m tm, khng xoay g ht)
Nu khng c gc no ng v tr, lm cng thc ch U t 1 -> 2 ln s c 1
gc ng v tr.

_ "gc ng v tr" bn di tay phi (nh hnh v) lm cng thc ch U
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t 1 -> 3 ln s c c 4 gc ng v tr. Hy nguyn tc di chuyn ca
cc khi gc
cng thc: CH U
_ Gi ch cn lm ng cc mu cc gc l xong, cm rubik nh hnh v:
cng thc: 6 MT
Xoay theo cng thc 6 mt, khi lm xong hai mu vng s nhy xung di,
lm tng t vi cc mt khc s hon thnh.

Lu nguyn tc hon i ca cc mu trong 1 gc

*B sung:
i khi chng ta cn cng thc hon v gc, nh hnh, ta lm nh sau:
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(t nhn mt ny l U)
Cng thc: (R U R' F') (R U R' U') (R' F) (R2 U') (R' U')

Cch gii rubik b ti 2x2x2
Rubik 2x2x2 ko c tm, c 2 tng, cch gii da trn cch gii rubik 3x3x3

Cch gii rubik bo th 4x4x4
iu trc tin bn cn t c trc khi gii rubik 4x4x4 l:
1/ Bn phi gii rubik 3x3x3 ri. Theo bt k cch no cng c.
2/ Bn phi c rubik 4x4x4.

Rubik 4x4x4 c 2 im khc bit c bn sau so vi loi 3x3x3
i/ N khng c khi tm c nh
ii/ N c 2 khi cnh trn 1 cnh

Ta s gii quyt 2 khc bit ny, sau , nhng vn cn li ging ht
3x3x3

Bt u no!!!
Cc bc chnh gii rubik 4x4x4
1. Xp cc khi tm ng v tr
2. Ghp cc cp khi cnh (c 12 cp nh th)
3. Xp nh Rubik 3x3x3
4. Xp thm 1 cht (do s khc bit ca 2 loi). Phn ny ti a bn ch xoay
thm 2 chui cng thc l xong.

Qui c thm:
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Bc 1: Xp cc khi tm ng v tr
Bc ny khng c cng thc c th. Cn ch 2 im sau:
1/ Cc mu tm phi i xng nhau theo cp: white yellow, green blue,
red - orange.
2/ Khi bn khi trng ln mt U, khi mt F th xanh dng phi
bn mt R. Nu xanh dng nm bn L l sai. Nu sai nh vy, cm rubik
nh trn v xoay: (Dd)2 R2 L2 (Dd)2.
(Dd) tc l xoay na di khi mt D, (Dd)2 l xoay khi 180
0


Bc 2: Ghp cc cp khi cnh (c 12 cp nh th)
Bn hy tm 1 cp cnh bt k, v d chn l vng - v a n v 1 mt
no v t kiu nhn ca bn nh hnh v di


t rubik nh hnh, xoay: (Dd) R F U R F (Dd)
Tng t, cc bn c lm cng thc ny khong 12 ln (ti a) l xp cc
cnh.
Bc 3: Xp rubik theo cch nh rubik 3x3x3.
Bc 4: Sau khi lm xong tng 1,2,3 hy dng li 1 cht v ngm xem cc
rubik ca mnh c ri vo tnh trng mu vng khi cnh (mt y) l s l
hay khng. rubik 3x3x3, s mu vng khi cnh lun l 0, 2, 4 tc l ton
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s chn. Nu rubik 3x3x3 m c s mu vng khi cnh xut hin l l,
chng t rubik ca bn mi pop-up v bn lp sai khi . Khi mu vng
khi cnh ca rubik 4x4x4 l s l:

t rubik sao cho hnh v trn l mt U, xoay:
(Rr)2 B2 U2 (Ll) U2 (Rr) U2 (Rr) U2 F2 (Rr) F2 (Ll) B2 (Rr)2
Khi , phn vic cn li y nh cc rubik 3x3x3.

Trng hp c bit:
Cng thc i gc: r2 U2 r2 (Uu)2 r2 u2
_ Khi tt c u ng v tr v ng mu duy ch c 2 gc ko ng v tr
Nu l nh th ny

Ta i gc ging nh 3x3x3 thnh
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t mt c 2 gc sai l U ri p dng cng thc i gc. (Thc cht, trong
hnh, l hon v 2 cnh yellow-blue v white-blue)
Sau lm nh rubik 3x3x3 bnh thng.

Cch gii rubik gio s 5x5x5
Qui c thm:

Bc 1: Gii quyt cc khi tm 3x3 ca tt c cc mt da trn cch gii
rubik 4x4x4.
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Bc 2: Gii quyt cc cnh
Giai on 1: Lm 2 cnh (two wings)

t rubik nh hnh, xoay: (Dd) R F U R F (Dd) (tng t nh rubik 4)
Giai on 2: Lm ng cnh trung tm (edge)
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t rubik nh hnh, xoay: (u R F U R F u)(d R F U R F d)
(thay u = (Uu) , d = (Dd) cng chng sao)
Lu :

t rubik nh hnh, xoay:
(Rr)2 B2 U2 (Ll) U2 (Rr) U2 (Rr) U2 F2 (Rr) F2 (Ll) B2 (Rr)2

Bc 3: Gii quyt phn cn li nh gii rubik 3x3x3
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Cch gii rubik kim t thp (Pyraminx)
Qui c:
U U'

R' R

L' L

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tm ca pyraminx cnh ca pyraminx

Cch gii:
Bc 1: Lm ng tng di bng cch lm ng tm v cnh mt y ca
pyraminx
Bc 2: Lm ng tng gia p dng 1 trong 2 cng thc
1) Cng thc i cnh:

rubik nh hnh, xoay: R L R L
Lu : khi i cnh nh trn s nh hng n cnh di mt bn bn phi

rubik nh hnh, xoay: L R L R
Lu : khi i cnh nh trn s nh hng n cnh di mt bn bn tri
2) Cng thc o cnh:
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rubik nh hnh, xoay: R L R L U L U L

CHC THNH CNG (mi chi tit xin lin h a ch trn)

Cc loi rubik khc: